Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/0061—Underwater arc welding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
  • B23K9/164—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas making use of a moving fluid
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/32—Accessories
  • B23K9/325—Devices for supplying or evacuating shielding gas
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S29/00—Metal working
  • Y10S29/013—Method or apparatus with electric heating

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device and a method of automatic welding under water for the realization on a surface of a joint to be welded.
• Underwater automatic welding is commonly used to carry out maintenance operations or welding work, for example in nuclear installations or in offshore oil or gas installations.
• the confinement under water makes it possible to work and to carry out interventions on elements in the vicinity of radioactive or contaminated components without particular provisions for the coolant in the vicinity of these said components.
• MIG welds In order to carry out welding operations in the air with a high quality of welding, it is well known to use automatic welding processes of the arc type with a fuse or non-fuse electrode, such as the so-called MIG welds respectively.
• MIG welds Metal Inert Gas
• GMAW Gas Metal Arc Welding
• TIG Tungsten Inert Gas
• GTAW Gas Tungsten Automatic Welding
• an electric arc is created between an electrode made of refractory material such as tungsten and the part to be welded to carry this melting piece.
• a filler metal in the form of a rod feeds the molten metal so as to fill the joint to be welded.
• an inert gas is directed around the electric arc on the melt to prevent oxidation under the effect of the ambient during welding.
• the gas is argon, helium or a mixture of rare gases.
• an electric arc is created between a fuse electrode constituting the filler material and the part to be welded to carry this melting piece.
• An inert gas is also directed around the electric arc on the melt to prevent oxidation by the environment during welding.
• the use of such processes under water poses problems. Indeed, to obtain a good quality of welding and to avoid a too fast cooling of the melt, it is necessary, before the priming of the electric arc, to eliminate the water being on the zone of welding, then to separate the medium surrounding liquid from the electric arc before protecting it and maintaining the welding area, ie the melt, isolated.
• the invention aims to provide a device and a method of welding under water to eliminate these disadvantages, while being reliable and simple to implement, and to obtain automatically and without human intervention under water, welds of good quality.
• the subject of the invention is therefore an automatic underwater welding device for producing on a surface of a solder joint, of the type comprising a welding torch comprising a surrounded electrode.
• a protective envelope delimiting with said electrode, an annular channel connected to means for supplying protection gas, characterized in that the welding torch is arranged axially in the center of a set of two concentric envelopes, at least one is axially movable and adjustable relative to said surface and defining between them an annular space for injecting a drying flow from the welding and holding zone of said welding zone out of water and in that it comprises displacement means along the joint to be welded.
• the welding torch comprises a filler metal supply means
• the set of two envelopes comprises an inner envelope disposed against the protective envelope of the welding torch and an outer envelope, the axially and adjustable displaceable envelope is the inner envelope,
• the two envelopes of the set of two envelopes are axially displaceable and adjustable simultaneously or successively,
• the axial displacement of the outer casing and / or the inner casing is between 0 and 30 mm, preferably between 2 and 20 mm, and
• the flow injected into the annular space is formed by hot or cold air or by a plasma or by a flame produced from a gas mixture called HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel).
• HVOF High Velocity Oxygen Fuel
• the invention also relates to a method of automatic welding under water for the realization on a surface of a joint to be welded, in which method is placed in the vicinity of the surface on a welding zone of the joint to be welded, a torch of welding comprising an electrode surrounded by a protective envelope delimiting with said electrode, an annular channel for supplying protection gas, characterized in that: - is placed around the protective envelope of the welding torch, a set two concentric envelopes, at least one of which is axially displaceable and adjustable relative to said surface and delimiting between they have an annular space, said at least one envelope being movable between an extended position relative to the end of the protective envelope and a position retracted with respect to said end,
• the welding torch and the set of two concentric envelopes are immersed under water, until the external envelope has almost touched with the surface,
• the inner envelope of the set of two envelopes is displaced in the extended position in order to maintain the non-disturbing welding zone by said protective gas flow,
• the welding torch is put into service, the welding torch and the set of two cylindrical envelopes are moved along the joint to be welded, keeping the welding zone out of water and out of disturbance by injecting said flux.
• the outer envelope of the set of two envelopes is raised in the retracted position in order to direct the flow towards the outside of the welding zone and to maintain this area out of water.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a welding device according to the invention, in the drying position of a horizontal welding zone, and
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view in axial section of the welding device, according to the invention, in the welding position of a horizontal wall.
• FIG. 1 schematically shows two parts 1a and 1b which determine a surface 2 on which must be made a weld joint 3 by means of an automatic welding device designated by the general reference 10 disposed perpendicular to the surface 2 and above the welding zone A determined by the weld joint 3.
• the welding device 10 comprises a welding torch 20 comprising an electrode 21 made of refractory material generally made of tungsten, connected to electrical supply means, not shown, and whose free end 21a is disposed above the joint to be welded. 3.
• the welding torch 20 is of the TIG type.
• the welding torch 20 also comprises filler metal supply means constituted by a wire 22, the free end 22a is disposed near the end 21a of the electrode 21, as shown in the figures.
• the filler metal supply means are constituted by the electrode itself.
• the welding torch 20 comprises a protective envelope 23 arranged concentrically with the electrode 21 and which determines with this electrode 21, an annular channel 24 connected to the protective gas supply means.
• the free end 23a of the protective envelope 23 converges towards the end 21a of the electrode 21 so as to channel the shielding gas towards the welding zone A.
• the welding device 10 comprises a set of two concentric envelopes 30, respectively an inner casing 31 and an outer casing 32.
• the welding torch 20 is disposed axially in the center of the assembly 30 and the inner casing 31 is preferably placed against the protective cover 23.
• the two envelopes 31 and 32 of the assembly 30 define between them an annular space 34 for injecting a drying flow from the welding zone A and maintaining this welding zone A out of water.
• the annular space 34 is, for this purpose, connected to means, not shown, supplying the flow and the lower ends 31a and 32a, respectively of the inner casing 31 and the outer casing 32, are arranged close to the surface 2 by providing therewith a gap, respectively 36 and 37.
• the flow injected into the annular space 34 is formed by hot or cold air or by a plasma or a flame called HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel).
• HVOF High Velocity Oxygen Fuel
• the envelopes 31 and 32 of the assembly 30 are preferably cylindrical and at least one of these envelopes is axially movable and adjustable so as to modify the height of at least one gap 36 and / or 37 to direct a greater amount of flow to the welding zone A or to the outside of the outer casing 32, as will be seen later.
• said at least one envelope 31 and / or 32 is axially displaceable between an extended position with respect to the end of the protective envelope 23 and a position retracted with respect to said end.
• only the inner casing 31 is longitudinally movable and adjustable to change the height of the gap 36.
• the two shells 31 and 32 are axially displaceable and adjustable simultaneously or successively so as to modify separately or at the same time the height of the interstices 36 and 37.
• the axial displacement of the inner casing 31 and / or the outer casing 32 of the assembly 30 is between 0 mm to 30 mm, preferably 2 mm to 20 mm with respect to the surface 2 of the parts 1 a and 1b.
• This axial displacement and the height adjustment of one or both interstices 36 and 37 of the envelopes, respectively 31 and 32, is achieved by appropriate means of known type, such as for example rack-and-pinion mechanisms, a screw system. nut, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, electric motor or electromagnetic system or any other mechanism.
• the gasket 3 of the parts 1a and 1b under water is made in the following manner. First, the working end 21a of the electrode 21, the end 22a of the wire, is prepared in the air above the surface of the water and substantially perpendicular to the surface 2. 22 and the end of the protective envelope 23, these different elements forming the welding torch 20 and is placed around the protective envelope 23 of the welding torch 20, the assembly 30 comprising the inner casing 31 and the outer casing 32.
• the annular space 34 delimited by the two annular concentric envelopes 31 and 32 is injected with a flow of drying and holding out of water of the welding zone A and is injected into the surrounding annular channel 24.
• the electrode 21 a protective gas flow of the welding zone A, the outer casing 32 being in the extended position.
• the welding device 10 constituted by the welding torch 20 and the assembly 30 of two envelopes 31 and 32 underwater is then immersed until the outer casing 32 is substantially in contact with the surface 2 and, as shown in FIG. . 1, is moved axially along the welding torch 20, at least one envelope 31 or 32 of the assembly 30 of two envelopes so as to adjust the height of the interstices 36 and 37 formed between the ends, respectively 31a and 32a of these envelopes, and the surface 2 of the parts 1a and 1b.
• the purpose is to dry the welding zone A in order to eliminate from this welding zone any water and any trace of moisture before starting the welding torch 20.
• the inner casing 31 is held in the retracted position, spaced from the surface 2 and the outer casing 32 is held in the extended position, close to this surface 2 so that the height d1 of the gap 36 is greater at the height d2 of the gap 37.
• the largest quantity of flux injected into the annular space 34 is directed towards the welding zone A, which makes it possible to rapidly dry this welding zone A and eliminate all traces of moisture.
• Part of the flow injected into the annular space 34 passes through the gap 37 and keeps the welding zone A out of water.
• the shells 31 and 32 of the assembly 30 are displaced axially along the welding torch 20 so as to modify the distribution of the flux introduced into the annular space 34.
• the inner casing 31 is moved in the extended position, approaching the surface 2 and the outer casing 32 is in the withdrawn position, spaced from the surface 2 so that the height d3 of the gap 36 is less than the height d4 of the gap 37 in order to direct the largest quantity of flux injected into the annular space 34 towards the outside of the outer envelope 32 and to create a peaceful welding zone away from disturbances due to the fluxes drying.
• the flux injected into the annular space 34 added to the flow of protective gas injected into the annular channel 24 keeps the welding zone A dry and also out of water.
• the welding torch 20 is put into service and moved along with the assembly 30 of two shells, by appropriate means of known type, along the joint to be welded 3 in order to carry out the entire welding, while keeping the welding area out of water and out of disturbance.
• the welding zone A can be dried efficiently and rapidly. and, during a second step, to prime the welding torch in good conditions, then to maintain this welding zone A dry and out of water and especially out of disturbance so that the welding is carried out under ideal conditions .
• the adjustment of the position of the inner casing 31 or both casings 31 and 32 may be adjusted during the movement of the welding torch 20 along the joint to be welded.
• any boron present in the welding zone is eliminated from this welding zone by the flux injected into the annular channel 34, which contributes to the quality of the joint to be welded by eliminating the risk of formation of microcracks in this area. welded joint due to the presence of boron.
• the plasma and the flame HVOF are preferably used because of their very high temperature, which may be greater than 10OO 0 C for the plasma, whereas the hot air It is at most 150 ° C. This high temperature of the plasma flow makes it possible, in addition to the physical thrust of the flow, to vaporize the surrounding water, which hot air can not achieve.
• the axial displacement of the inner casing 31 and / or the outer casing 32 with respect to the surface 2 varies between 0 mm and 30 mm depending on whether it is the step prior to priming. welding torch 20 or that is the realization of the welded joint itself.
• the welding device according to the invention allows by means reliable and simple to implement to obtain automatically and without human intervention under water welds of good quality.
• a miniature camera can be placed close to the welding zone, in particular in the annular channel 24, to participate in the successful completion of the welding by giving visual indications to the remote operator.
• a pressure sensor may be placed in at least one annular channel for supplying the drying flow or for supplying the shielding gas of the welding bath in order to participate in remote adjustment of the flow rates and pressures of said flows or gases.
• the welds can be made by the welding device according to the invention in any position on flat or optionally curved surfaces.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Arc Welding In General (AREA)
• Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

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• 2006
  • 2006-11-07 FR FR0609726A patent/FR2908061B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
  • 2007-10-26 WO PCT/FR2007/001778 patent/WO2008056062A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2007-10-26 CN CN2007800415031A patent/CN101553337B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-10-26 US US12/513,779 patent/US20100108645A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-10-26 CA CA002667597A patent/CA2667597A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-10-26 JP JP2009535766A patent/JP2010508155A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-10-26 EP EP07866451A patent/EP2094425A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-10-26 BR BRPI0716704-0A2A patent/BRPI0716704A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-10-26 KR KR1020097009303A patent/KR20090086403A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-11-06 AR ARP070104930A patent/AR063575A1/es unknown
• 2009
  • 2009-04-24 ZA ZA200902858A patent/ZA200902858B/xx unknown

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