EP2092280A2 - Dispositif et procédé de mesure sans contact de la vibration d'aubes mobiles - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de mesure sans contact de la vibration d'aubes mobiles

Info

Publication number
EP2092280A2
EP2092280A2 EP07856094A EP07856094A EP2092280A2 EP 2092280 A2 EP2092280 A2 EP 2092280A2 EP 07856094 A EP07856094 A EP 07856094A EP 07856094 A EP07856094 A EP 07856094A EP 2092280 A2 EP2092280 A2 EP 2092280A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
sensors
vibration measurement
blade vibration
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07856094A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Zielinski
Gerhard Ziller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MTU Aero Engines AG
Original Assignee
MTU Aero Engines GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Aero Engines GmbH filed Critical MTU Aero Engines GmbH
Publication of EP2092280A2 publication Critical patent/EP2092280A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
    • G01H1/006—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines of the rotor of turbo machines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for contactless blade vibration measurement with sensors arranged around the circumference of a rotor formed with rotor blades, a signal detection unit and an evaluation unit, and a method for contactless blade vibration measurement.
  • BSSM contactless blade vibration measurement
  • These measurements are required because during operation on the blades, high static and alternating aerodynamic forces act, which excite the blades to vibrate.
  • it may be responsible for the pressure distribution in the gas flow due to the inlet geometry, changes in the gap between blade tips and housing caused by ovalization of the housing, or the stator grid.
  • These vibration sources are bound to the engine housing and therefore generate vibrations at multiples of the rotational speed of the rotor shaft, so-called resonant vibrations. Vibrations of a different kind are triggered by aerodynamic instabilities, including flapping vibrations and vibrations during compressor pumping.
  • blade vibration measurements are made in the development of such engines. Corresponding measurements in series engines are possible in principle as well.
  • the blade vibrations are measured by means of strain gauges and telemetry transmission, i. non-contact, monitored. However, this is associated with increased equipment costs and corresponding costs, which is why the non-contact measuring methods are preferable.
  • Non-contact blade vibration measurement systems are therefore used to monitor blade vibrations in compressors on the blade tips and to reliably predict the life of the blades, which methods can also measure, in part, the radial gap between the blade tips and the housing.
  • BSSM Non-contact blade vibration measurement systems
  • a known measuring system for contactless blade vibration measurement uses capacitive sensors in the engine housing for both vibration and radial gap measurement on the blades of axial compressors.
  • the sensors used can be used in the temperature range up to about 700 ° C, which allows use at all compressor stages.
  • the basic principle of the vibration measurement is a transit time measurement of the blade tips passing under the sensors. In this case, depending on the momentary deflection state, oscillating blades pass by the sensors sooner or later.
  • the gap information in this measurement method lies in the variation of the signal amplitude when a blade approaches a sensor and passes under it.
  • vibration frequencies, vibration amplitudes and radial gaps of all rotor blades of a rotor stage can be determined and analyzed.
  • the exact positions of the sensors on the circumference of the housing must be known, which can be done at rest by simply measuring the respective sensor position.
  • the effect of the described disturbances is especially critical in the case of resonant oscillations, because here the blades pass the sensors at a certain rotational speed with each revolution in the same deflection state, since here the oscillatory motion is bound in phase to the engine housing.
  • the measurement data obtained in this way of a complete resonance run are evaluated jointly by Resonanzkurvenfit.
  • Fit parameters are amplitude and frequency at the resonance point as well as other parameters.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to avoid the above-mentioned technical problems of the prior art and to provide an improved apparatus and an improved method for non-contact blade vibration measurement.
  • it is an object of the present invention to eliminate the effect of rotor radial movements and housing deformations, the so-called ovalization, on the measured data in order to ensure a high amplitude resolution in the vibration analysis under all conditions.
  • the invention avoids the technical problems of the prior art and provides an improved apparatus and method for non-contact blade vibration measurement.
  • the solution according to the invention eliminates the effect of rotor radial movements and housing deformations, ie of ovalization, on the measured data, thereby ensuring a high amplitude resolution in the vibration analysis under all conditions.
  • the device according to the invention for contactless blade vibration measurement with preferably circumferential sensors arranged around the circumference of a rotor provided with blades, a signal detection unit and an evaluation unit is characterized in that the device has means for determining the rotor position and / or the housing deformation, ie the ovalization.
  • the devices for determining the rotor position and / or the housing deformation can advantageously be designed both as hardware or as software components. It is particularly advantageous if the property of the contactless blade vibration measurement sensors for gap measurement is utilized and the corresponding measurement results are used to determine the rotor position and / or the housing deformation. This represents a simple and inexpensive solution. Alternatively, additional position sensors for determining the shaft position or the sensor position on the housing could be used.
  • At least three sensors must be arranged for gap measurement distributed over the circumference of the housing.
  • rotor position and housing deformation i. for so-called ovalisation
  • at least five or more probes should be available. If it is possible to specify a major direction of ovalization, e.g. Due to the nature of the engine mount, it is also possible to work with only four probes and still calculate the size of the ovality. Alternatively, with only four probes, ovalization can be calculated assuming an overall minimum deformation of the housing.
  • the method according to the invention for contactless blade vibration measurement with sensors arranged around the circumference of a rotor provided with moving blades and with a signal detection unit and an evaluation unit has the following steps: a) Detecting the sensor signals, in particular by means of the signal detection unit
  • evaluation unit b) analyzing the sweep time and the amplitude swing; c) analysis of the radial gap; d) calculation of the rotor position and possibly the housing ovalization based on the radial gap at the respective sensor position; e) calculating the sensor positions effective for the rotor; f) Analysis of the vibrations based on the effective sensor positions.
  • the sensor signals are read, for example via a signal acquisition card, which converts the analog measurement signals into digital signals, directly into an evaluation unit and analyzed there by means of appropriate hardware and / or software with respect to the cycle time and the amplitude. Subsequently, the analysis is made with respect to the radial gaps and vibrations of the blades.
  • the position of the rotor axis and the deformation of the housing can be continuously calculated from the radial gaps that are present at each sensor position by means of the evaluation software. From these data, the sensor positions effective for the rotor can be calculated. From this, in turn, correction values for the nominal positions of the sensors can be determined. These corrections or "follow-up" of the sensors take place in the same time frame as the vibration analysis, so that the sensor positions can be tracked point by point over time or over the rotational speed, thereby enabling the disturbances caused by the movement of the rotor axis relative to the housing axis and eliminated by the housing deformation.
  • the amplitude resolution can be considerably improved in the analysis of resonant oscillations.
  • oscillation amplitudes should be indicated immediately and also at constant rotational speed, which is why a resonance curve fit known from the prior art is not possible.
  • Further measures improving the invention will be described in more detail below together with the description of a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention with reference to FIGS. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the Nachchtung the effective
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the non-contact
  • FIG. 1 shows the tracking of the effective probe position in a contactless blade vibration measurement (BSSM) by means of an integrated radial gap analysis according to the present invention.
  • BSSM contactless blade vibration measurement
  • housing axis 4 located in the center of the compressor housing 2 and the rotor axis 5 are shown in FIG. Both axes 4, 5 are not aligned in the present exemplary embodiment and are therefore offset from one another.
  • the circumference of the rotor 3 equipped with blades is indicated by the circle shown in dashed lines within the housing 2.
  • the first sensor 6 serves to measure the gap d1 between the housing inner wall of the housing 2 and the blade tips of the blades of the rotor 3.
  • the second sensor 7 is used to measure the gap d2
  • the third sensor 8 is used to measure the gap d3
  • the fourth Sensor 9 is used to measure the gap d4 between the housing inner wall of the housing 2 and the blade tips of the Blades of the rotor 3. It is obvious that the gap widths d1, d2, d3, d4 are not all the same. Thus, an eccentricity can already be determined on the basis of the gap measurement alone, which in the present case is due to the staggered position of the rotor axis.
  • a circular arc segment ⁇ l2 is present on the housing periphery.
  • the first sensor 6 determines the blade tip gap d1 and the second sensor 7 determines the blade tip distance d1. From these gap measurements, the circular arc segment ⁇ l2 'of the corresponding blade tips is determined, which is shown in FIG. 1 as a dashed line.
  • the displacement of the rotor axis 5 can be calculated as the center of the circle formed by the circular arc segments ⁇ l2 ', ⁇ 23', ⁇ 34 'and ⁇ 41'.
  • the leading to the rotor axis 5 radii of the circle thus formed are shown in dashed lines in Figure 1.
  • the sensor position of the first sensor 6, of the second sensor 7, of the third sensor 8 and of the fourth sensor 9 can hereby be provided with a correction value and quasi "tracked.” If corresponding algorithms are used, even with only four sensors 6, 7, 8 , 9 the housing deformation or the ovalization are calculated.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic basic illustration of the contactless blade vibration measurement according to the present invention, wherein only a quarter of the rotor disk 11 equipped with rotor blades 10 is shown in FIG.
  • a rotation sensor 12 On the rotor disk 11, a rotation sensor 12 is provided, which can be used to adjust the calculated values.
  • the capacitive sensors 6, 7 are, as in 2 indicated, connected to the evaluation unit 13 via data cable and a signal detection unit.
  • the measuring signals of the sensors 6, 7 and 12 are fed via a signal detection unit (for example an analog / digital converter) 14 into the evaluation unit 13 and pass through corresponding calculation steps there.
  • the evaluation unit 13 can be embodied as special hardware or as a standard computer equipped with special software. The ability of the evaluation unit for real-time processing of the measurement data is advantageous.
  • FIG. 2 the individual method steps that take place in the evaluation unit according to the present invention are illustrated schematically as a type of flowchart.
  • processing of the sensor signals digitized by the analogue / digital converter in the evaluation unit and, in processing step b), the analysis of the cycle time and the amplitude deviation are carried out first during processing step a).
  • processing step e the calculation of the probe position effective for the rotor, i. the probe position is mathematically "tracked.” On the basis of these positions, the analysis of the blade vibrations then takes place in processing step f).

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif de mesure sans contact de la vibration d'aubes mobiles, comprenant des capteurs (6, 7, 8, 9) disposés autour de la circonférence d'un rotor (3) pourvu d'aubes mobiles (10), une unité (14) de détection de signaux et une unité d'interprétation (13). Selon l'invention, des moyens sont prévus pour déterminer la position du rotor et/ou la déformation du carter. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de mesure sans contact de la vibration d'aubes mobiles. On évite ainsi les problèmes techniques de l'art antérieur et on fournit un dispositif amélioré et un procédé amélioré de mesure sans contact de la vibration d'aubes mobiles. La solution selon l'invention élimine notamment l'influence, sur les données de mesures, des mouvements radiaux du rotor et des déformations du carter, c'est-à-dire de l'ovalisation. Elle garantit ainsi dans toutes les conditions une résolution d'amplitude élevée lors de l'analyse des vibrations.
EP07856094A 2006-12-21 2007-12-12 Dispositif et procédé de mesure sans contact de la vibration d'aubes mobiles Withdrawn EP2092280A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006060650A DE102006060650A1 (de) 2006-12-21 2006-12-21 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur berührungslosen Schaufelschwingungsmessung
PCT/DE2007/002244 WO2008074300A2 (fr) 2006-12-21 2007-12-12 Dispositif et procédé de mesure sans contact de la vibration d'aubes mobiles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2092280A2 true EP2092280A2 (fr) 2009-08-26

Family

ID=39387339

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07856094A Withdrawn EP2092280A2 (fr) 2006-12-21 2007-12-12 Dispositif et procédé de mesure sans contact de la vibration d'aubes mobiles

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8225671B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2092280A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP5190464B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101563588B (fr)
CA (1) CA2673425A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006060650A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2465562C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008074300A2 (fr)

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JP5190464B2 (ja) 2013-04-24
US20100089166A1 (en) 2010-04-15
RU2009127647A (ru) 2011-01-27
CN101563588B (zh) 2011-06-08
DE102006060650A1 (de) 2008-06-26
JP2010513877A (ja) 2010-04-30
US8225671B2 (en) 2012-07-24
WO2008074300A3 (fr) 2008-08-14
RU2465562C2 (ru) 2012-10-27
CN101563588A (zh) 2009-10-21
WO2008074300A2 (fr) 2008-06-26
CA2673425A1 (fr) 2008-06-26

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