Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
  • E02D27/10—Deep foundations
  • E02D27/12—Pile foundations
  • E02D27/16—Foundations formed of separate piles

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a building foundation with at least one foundation element comprising a preferably anchored in the ground by ramming wood pile and a slipped over the upper end of the wooden pile load transfer cap which initiates building work loads in the wooden pile and preferably positive connection means for connecting a structural element to be supported.
• the invention further relates to a method for producing a building foundation, in which at least one wooden pile is anchored in a water bottom, so that an upper portion of the wood pile protrudes above the water level, wherein the wood pile is provided at its upper end with a load transfer cap, so that the Wooden post is enclosed below the water level by the load transfer cap.
• Lastabtragskappen In order to be able to initiate the building or building loads better in the anchored in the ground or ground wooden piles, Lastabtragskappen can be slipped over the upper ends of the wooden poles, where then the other parts to be supported structural parts are connected. Such Lastabtragskappen hold the body of the wooden pile in particular transversely to the fiber direction together and prevent the wood pile under the considerable building or building burdens apart or otherwise damaged. As is known, the strength of wood is strongly dependent on the direction and is considerably reduced transversely to the fiber longitudinal direction. In addition, such a load transfer cap can distribute the load entry over the pile cross section. In other words, such load-transfer caps improve the ability of the wood pile to absorb the shear stresses induced transversely to the fiber's longitudinal direction by the vertical structural loads.
• the present invention seeks to provide an improved foundation of the type mentioned above and an improved method for its production, avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and further develop the latter in an advantageous manner.
• the wood pile used as a foundation element should be better protected against rot and at the same time reliably intercept even high structural loads.
• the load transfer cap forms an at least fluid-tight, preferably also gas-tight, pile protection sleeve which encloses the wood pile in a fluid-tight manner from its upper end down into a moisture change region.
• the wooden pile is kept evenly or evenly dry by the load transfer cap. Due to the double function of the load transfer cap, which on the one hand initiates the structural loads in the wooden pile and on the other hand forms a moisture barrier, the structure of the foundation element can be kept simple overall despite the additional rottenness protection. In particular, can be dispensed with separate, additional rottening measures, such as separate Dachpappenumwicklisme etc.
• the foundation of the building can advantageously be used in hydraulic engineering.
• the wood pile is in the water and / or groundwater, so that a part of the wood pile is anchored in the water bottom or ground, a second part of the wood pile is under water and a third part of the wooden stake extends over water.
• the load transfer cap which is slipped over the upper end of the wood pile, to below drawn the water level, wherein a Lastabtragskappeninnenraum in which the wood pile is received, with liquid to above the water level addition, preferably is substantially completely filled up to the upper end of the wood pile.
• such a design of the moisture barrier of a standing in the water wooden stake can be advantageously prepared by the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum is filled to the upper end of the wood pile by means of an initially open filling and / or vent with liquid and then lying above the water level filling and / or vent in the load transfer cap fluid and gas tight, so that in the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum over the water level reaching liquid column is held.
• the Lastabtragskappe can in principle be placed over the wood pile before or after the anchoring of the wood pile in the river bottom, it may be advantageous first to anchor the wooden pile without load transfer cap in the riverbed, then cut off the wood pile to the desired length and finally the Lastabtragskappe from above over the upper end of the wooden post. pen. Then, in the aforementioned manner, the load compartment interior is filled with liquid.
• the Lastabtragskappe in the region of the upper end of the wooden pile, in particular in the region of the upper end of the Lastabtragskappe, a fluid and gas-tight sealable filling opening, via which the liquid, in particular water, are filled in the Lastabtragskappe or their wood pile receiving interior can.
• the load transfer cap in the region of its upper end may also have a vent opening which can be closed in a fluid-tight and gas-tight manner, so that the air located in the load transfer cap interior before filling can be better displaced.
• This would also make it possible, for example, to fill the load transfer cap interior with water from below, for example by pressing water between the wood pile and the load transfer cap via a filling opening provided at the lower end.
• the filling opening and / or the venting opening can in principle be closed by various, preferably detachable, multiply closable closure means, for example they could be welded closed after the filling process.
• the filling opening and / or the vent opening can also be formed in the form of a threaded hole and closed by a bolt, if necessary, with a suitable seal.
• the vent opening could also be formed by a vent valve, preferably a valve operating in the manner of a check valve, which can remove air from the load transfer cap interior. Escape escape, but does not allow air to enter the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum.
• a wood pile used in hydraulic engineering ends the load transfer cap above the water bottom, in which the wood stake is anchored, so as to ensure that the above-mentioned second part of the wood pile is lapped by water, so that overall the entire pile evenly moist held and also the favorable anchoring properties of a wooden pile in the ground can be fully utilized.
• the wood pile through its wooden surface - better than a concrete or steel pile - so to speak festseaugen in the body of water.
• the load transfer cap preferably a coating, for example in the form of a nano-coating or other suitable lubricant or a heating of the preferably metallic cap, e.g. be provided by electric current.
• the use of the foundation of the building according to the present invention is not limited to hydraulic engineering, but can also be used advantageously in "dry" earthworking
• the load-transferring cap extends into the ground via the latter Moisture change range also extends so that the protruding from the ground part of the wood pile and the exposed in the upper, the moisture change layer of soil stuck portion of the wood pile are enclosed by the load transfer cap fluid-tight.
• the Lastabtragskappe may extend to about the depth of frost boundary of the soil in this, so that the portion of the wood pile in the transition region between soil and air and the uppermost layer of soil, which is exposed to the moisture, kept uniformly dry and preserved from the moisture change of the uppermost layer of soil is.
• the envelope depth of the load transfer cap can be chosen differently. Preferably, it will extend at least 20 cm, more preferably 50 cm or more into the ground, so that no moisture change can occur on the wooden pile. However, the deeper into the ground reaching portion of the wood pile can remain free, ie not be enclosed by the Lastabtragskappe because in the said deeper soil layers no relevant moisture change occurs, which would cause the rot of the pile to be prevented.
• the load transfer cap sits free of intermediate layers directly on the wood pile, so that the preferably fluid and gas-tight pile protection sleeve load transfer cap hermetically encloses the wood pile.
• the Lastabtragskappe can sit with a press fit on the wooden pile. The latter can advantageously be produced by pre-drying the wood pile. If the wood pile is dried sufficiently far enough, it contracts to a diameter with which it can be easily inserted into the load transfer cap. If the humidity increases again, the wooden pole expands again and the load-bearing cap sits on the wooden pole with a strong press fit.
• the wood pile has sections with different cell density.
• the wood pile is provided by the permanently greatly increased pressure exerted by the enclosing sleeve on the expanding wood, that the wood pile has a permanently compacted Hol Vietnamese in its arranged in the moisture change section section, while he is in his under the moisture change region located section an uncompressed wood structure can have.
• the wood pile receives increased strength, increased rigidity and / or increased resistance to decay, especially in the sensitive moisture change region, while the lower-lying wood pile section can retain its inherent elasticity through the uncompacted region.
• the entire wooden pile that is to say also the section located below the moisture change region, obtains such a compacted, permanent structural change with respect to its natural wood structure through pretreatment.
• a structural compaction so to speak in the manner of a fossilization, which reduces inclusions in the wood and increases the fiber density and increases the volume-specific weight, the fatigue strength of the wood pile is considerably improved.
• Such a permanent wood structure change can basically be obtained by various pretreatments, in particular by a uniform radial pressing of the wood pile transversely to its fiber direction with sufficiently high transverse pressures.
• this wood structure change can be obtained by placing the wood pile in front of the wood pile Slipping past the Lastabtragskappe is predried, wherein the moisture content of the wood pile is lowered so that the outer diameter of the wood pile is reduced below the inner diameter of the load transfer cap, and the moisture content of the wood pile after slipping over the Lastabtragskappe is again increased so that the wooden pile by the with Moisture content increase associated diameter increase and the consequent constriction by the Lastabtragskappe undergoes a permanent change in wood structure.
• the moisture content is lowered by the predrying to the extent that the wood pile a diameter taper - compared to its diameter at "normal" moisture content that occurs when stored in ambient conditions, especially when stored in the later intended installation situation - by at least 5%
• the diameter taper can be due to pre-drying in the centimeter range, in particular in the range of 0.5 to 5 centimeters, preferably 1 to 3 centimeters
• the diameter of the load transfer cap is selected so that the Lastabtragskappen inside diameter substantially corresponds to the Hoizpahlaußen redesignr in its pre-dried state or at most a very slight clearance in the millimeter o the millimeter fraction range is provided, which ensures a smooth slipping over the load transfer cap.
• the moisture content of the wood can be reduced to less than 15%, in particular less than 10%.
• the shrinkage of the wood as a result of drying is 3 to 6% transverse to the fiber in the radial direction, and ⁇ to 12% in the tangential direction.
• Said advantageous structural change in the wood structure can alternatively or additionally also be achieved by further pressing measures which may be used to support it.
• the Lastabtragskappe can be heated and cooled after slipping back to press the wood pile transversely to its longitudinal fiber direction.
• the body of the load transfer cap is formed perforation-free in an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
• the Lastabtragskappe is formed completely perforation at least until and above the humidity change region. Possibly. Perforations could be provided in a section of the load transfer cap below the humidity change zone, ie where they are no longer harmful. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the load transfer cap is formed completely perforation-free.
• connection means of the load transfer cap can basically be designed differently.
• the connection means can act positively and in particular have at least one screwing element to which the component to be supported can be screwed.
• a preferably centrally arranged screw sleeve can be provided on the body of the load transfer cap, into which a threaded rod can be screwed, to which in turn the structural part to be supported is fastened.
• Any type of known support foot technology is conceivable for the connection. Purely form-fitting connection, for example with terrace coverings, is also possible and, depending on economic aspects, sufficient depending on the design and statics.
• connection means are advantageously mounted in the invention alone on the outside of the body of Lastabtragskappe, in particular no passing through the wall of Lastabtragskappe fasteners such as rivets, bolts, etc. are provided so that the protective cover formed by the load transfer cap is completely intact.
• the connection means may be welded and / or glued to the outside of the load transfer cap.
• the load-transfer cap can also have integrally molded load-receiving sections, on which the structural part to be supported can be fixed by means of suitable fastening means. A sham lenIndia enclosure of the body is also possible (clamping principle).
• connection means can also fulfill a dual function, in particular such that they serve on the one hand as a connection for the component to be connected to the pile or the load transfer cap and on the other hand fasten the load transfer cap to the wood pile.
• connection means in a further development of the invention can pass through the wall of the load transfer cap and extend into the interior of the load transfer cap, where said connection means or the corresponding section is anchored to the wood pile.
• a bolt may be threaded through the load transfer cap and screwed into the body of the wood pile so that a load transfer effect is achieved not only via the load transfer cap but also directly via the connection means.
• the connection means extend through the load-removal cap, the corresponding passage opening is advantageously assigned a seal which effects a hermetic seal of the passage.
• the connecting means can in principle be arranged at different locations and be adapted to the installation situation of the building foundation as well as the structural parts to be connected.
• connecting means arranged on the surface side can be provided, in particular in such a way that a connection fitting, for example in the form of a steel plate, is fastened peripherally rigidly to the load transfer cap, so that lateral connection of further components is made possible.
• this is alternatively or additionally provided at least one connection means on the top or front side of the load transfer cap, whereby a favorable load transfer can be achieved.
• a screwing element may be arranged substantially coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the load-transferring cap.
• the load transfer cap can basically consist of different materials.
• the Lastabtragskappe made of steel, preferably stainless steel, consist and be formed in one piece.
• both the wood pile and the Lastabtragskappe may have a substantially circular cylindrical shape.
• a circular cylindrical shape is preferred which uniformly distributes the forces introduced by the press fit on the mantle surface side and ensures a uniform, tight enclosure of the wooden post.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a foundational element of a foundation foundations used in a hydraulic engineering application in the form of a standing in water, anchored in the water body wood pile and a slipped over the upper end of the wooden pile Lastabtragskappe according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a foundation element of a building foundation in the form of an anchored in the ground wood pile and a the upper part of the wood pile enclosing Lastabtragskappe according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic, fragmentary sectional view of the head region of the load transfer cap according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, according to which a bolt screwed through the load transfer cap into the wood pile is provided as connection means for structural parts to be supported,
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic, partial side view of a load transfer cap according to a further embodiment of the invention, according to which the load Abtragskappe connecting means for supporting structural parts both at its top and on its peripheral side has, and
• FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the load transfer cap from FIG. 4.
• the Wasserbaufundament shown in Figure 1 comprises as a foundation element 1, a wooden pile 2, which is arranged standing in the water 4 and can be driven with its lower end in the river bottom, but possibly also embedded in concrete or anchored in any other way.
• the wood pile 3 protrudes with its upper end on the water level 5 out of the water 4 out.
• a sleeve-shaped, closed at the upper end Lastabtragskappe 2 is slipped, which sits with its frontal body portion on the upper end of the wood pile 3 and encloses with its mantelflambaigen body portion 7, the peripheral side of the wood pile 3.
• the load transfer cap 2 is pulled down to below the water level 5, and advantageously so far that, taking into account the possible swell, possible tidal fluctuations or other water level elevations and lowering the Lastabtragskappe 2 with the lower end of its mantelflumbleigen body portion 7 always immersed in the water 4.
• the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum 9 in which the wooden stake 3 is inserted, is advantageously filled with water, so that in the load transfer cap 2, so to speak, a standing water column is held, which extends beyond the water level 5 and extends to the upper end of the wood pile 3, so that the latter is kept completely moist.
• the wood pile 3 In the non-jacketed area of the load transfer cap 2, the wood pile 3 is surrounded by the water 4. The portion of the wooden pile 3 accommodated in the load transfer cap 2 is moistened by the water column held therein.
• the water column is not really a complete water column; on the contrary, only the cracks and crevices which are often present on the outer peripheral surface of the wooden pile 3, as well as possible interstices, are kept full of water, which can not flow away, since the water Load Abtragskappe 2 forms a fluid-tight and gas-tight pile protective sleeve, which can hold water like the overturned water glass.
• the latter has a filling opening 11 and a vent opening 12 (compare FIG. 1), both of which can be closed in a fluid-tight and gastight manner.
• a filling opening 11 and a vent opening 12 (compare FIG. 1), both of which can be closed in a fluid-tight and gastight manner.
• About these two openings 11 and 12 of the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum 9 can be filled with water, especially after the wood pile 3 is anchored in the body of water.
• the filling and vent openings 11 and 12 are initially opened, water is introduced into the load transfer cap 2 from above through the filling opening 11, the two openings 11 and 12 then being closed in a liquid-tight and gastight manner after complete filling.
• the foundation element 1 formed by the wood pile 3 and the load transfer cap 2 can carry, for example, a boathouse in the embodiment shown in FIG.
• a structural member 13 of the structure to be supported sits advantageously frontally on the upper end of the Lastabtragskappe 2, which has a fixed connection connection means 14 in the drawn embodiment of Figure 1 from a sleeve nut 15 which is welded to the front end 8 of the load transfer cap 2 , As well as a screwed into the sleeve nut 15 threaded rod.
• the structural element 13 for example, a boathouse beam, positively secured.
• the foundation element 1 is likewise formed by the wood pile 3 and the load transfer cap 2, but not in hydraulic engineering, but in "dry" earthworking, in contrast to FIG 2.
• the foundation element 1 in FIG. 2 can be, for example, a garden shed
• the wood pile 3 in the embodiment of Figure 2 is not in the water, but is anchored in the ground 17, the wood pile 3 is advantageously anchored to at least the frost depth of the ground 17 in this ground.
• the load transfer cap 2 is pulled down into the ground 17, wherein it hermetically encloses the wood pile 3 hermetically up to above the moisture change region 18 at the upper earth layer.
• the load transfer cap 2 reaches at least 20 cm deep into the ground, preferably more than 50 cm. In any case, the enclosure depth of Lastabtragskappe 2 is drawn into the ground 17 so far that the wood pile 3 is exposed to any moisture change in the such a change in humidity facing upper soil layers.
• the load transfer cap of the embodiment according to FIG. 2 is designed as a liquid-tight and gas-tight pile protection sleeve, which hermetically surrounds the wooden pile 3.
• the load transfer cap 2 can be seated with an interference fit on the wood pile 3, for the production of which the wood pile 3 is advantageously first dried down sufficiently in a predrying step so that it sufficiently contracts and fits into the load transfer cap 2.
• the wood pile 3 expands again, so that it sits firmly with a press fit in the load transfer cap 2.
• a support element 13 of the structure to be supported is fastened to the foundation element 1 via a centrally positioned sleeve nut 15 arranged at the front end and a threaded rod 16 screwed therein.
• connection means 14 can also pass through the load transfer cap 2.
• the connection means 14 comprise a threaded rod 16, which is screwed centrally from above into the wood pile 3 through the upper front end of the load transfer cap 2.
• the load transfer cap 2 comprises a central passage hole through which the threaded rod 14 can pass, cf. Fig. 3.
• the wood pile 3 may optionally have a pilot hole with threaded section, so that the threaded rod 16 can be screwed into the meat of the wooden pile 3. In order to prevent unintentional loosening of the threaded rod 16, this is countered by means of a nut 19 from above against the end face of the Lastabtragskappe 2.
• the said passage opening 20, through which the threaded rod 16 passes through associated with a seal 21, which may be formed basically different.
• a seal 21 which may be formed basically different.
• a disc seal 21 is advantageously placed under the lock nut 19.
• connection means 14 can be arranged both on the front side on the upper side of the load transfer cap 2 and on the circumference of the load transfer cap 2 mentioned.
• the connection means 14 comprise an angle fitting 22 on the upper side of the load transfer cap 2, which is tightened by means of a threaded bolt 16 on the upper side of the load transfer cap, said threaded bolt 16 in the previously described in connection with FIG. 3 described manner screwed into the wooden pile 3 and can be sealed accordingly.
• a transverse bearing 23 is attached as an annexed building element in the illustrated embodiment.
• the load transfer cap 2 comprises on its peripheral side another connection means 14 in the form of a mounting bracket 24 which is arranged upright in the illustrated embodiment and rigidly secured to the outer peripheral surface of the load transfer cap.
• the latter can be done by welding, as shown in Fig. 5. However, it may also be a clamping, for example by means of a load transfer cap enclosing clasp or another suitable attachment selected.
• a truss beam 25 is fastened to said fastening fitting 24.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
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• 2006
  • 2006-12-07 DE DE102006057746A patent/DE102006057746A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-11-29 AT AT07846910T patent/ATE483858T1/de active
  • 2007-11-29 WO PCT/EP2007/010385 patent/WO2008067950A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2007-11-29 EP EP07846910A patent/EP2089577B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2007-11-29 DE DE502007005295T patent/DE502007005295D1/de active Active

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