EP2075387B1 - Module for manufacturing concrete components - Google Patents

Module for manufacturing concrete components Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2075387B1
EP2075387B1 EP07405371.1A EP07405371A EP2075387B1 EP 2075387 B1 EP2075387 B1 EP 2075387B1 EP 07405371 A EP07405371 A EP 07405371A EP 2075387 B1 EP2075387 B1 EP 2075387B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
displacement body
module according
displacement
concrete
module
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EP07405371.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2075387A1 (en
Inventor
Karsten Pfeffer
Dejan Krecov
Georg Miedzik
Michael Stücklin
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Cobiax Technologies AG
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Cobiax Technologies AG
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Priority to PT74053711T priority Critical patent/PT2075387E/en
Priority to EP07405371.1A priority patent/EP2075387B1/en
Priority to ZA200802890A priority patent/ZA200802890B/en
Priority to US12/167,625 priority patent/US8028485B2/en
Priority to NZ573847A priority patent/NZ573847A/en
Priority to AU2008261163A priority patent/AU2008261163B2/en
Publication of EP2075387A1 publication Critical patent/EP2075387A1/en
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Publication of EP2075387B1 publication Critical patent/EP2075387B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0604—Prismatic or cylindrical reinforcement cages composed of longitudinal bars and open or closed stirrup rods
    • E04C5/0622—Open cages, e.g. connecting stirrup baskets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/326—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with hollow filling elements
    • E04B5/328—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with hollow filling elements the filling elements being spherical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a module for the production of concrete parts, in particular semi-finished concrete products or concrete floors according to claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a module for the production of concrete parts, in particular concrete semi-finished or relatively "thin" concrete slabs, with a plurality of insertable in a longitudinal direction juxtaposed displacement bodies, wherein the plurality of juxtaposed displacement bodies is arranged in each case captive in a latticework of rods ,
  • Such modules are known from the prior art, they are mainly used in the production of relatively thick concrete slabs.
  • the WO 2005/080704-A1 discloses a module according to the preamble of claim 1 of the present invention.
  • the lattice has a longitudinally extending base side and two adjacent to the base side and with respect to the base side obliquely arranged, but also extending in the longitudinal direction of the partial sides.
  • the latticework used has a groove-like shape with a wide channel bottom and a narrow channel opening.
  • the displacers arranged in the latticework are plastic balls.
  • a disadvantage of the design according to WO 2005/080704-A1 is that for larger manufacturing tolerances of the upper grid spacing the plastic balls in part protrude out of the lattice work at different heights, with the result that under certain circumstances the required cover values (layer thickness of the concrete above the balls) can not be maintained. In addition, there is a risk of injury to the displacement body.
  • Another such module is from the DE 202006002540 U1 known. Also in this module, the latticework has a trough-like shape, but with a narrow channel bottom and wide gutter opening. The displacers arranged in the latticework are also plastic balls. In this design of the lattice work, the risk of injury to the displacement body is significantly reduced and the coverage values can be maintained more reliable.
  • the disadvantage is both in the WO 2005/080704-A1 as with the DE 202006002540 U1 in that for thin concrete slabs the structure of the module can not simply be reduced arbitrarily. This is because the manufacturing costs of the modules are greatly increased by the increasingly required number of balls per unit area. Since the wire diameter for the latticework can not be reduced in size for reasons of stability, therefore, even a considerable increase in material can occur. In addition, there is the danger that the ball spacings in relation to the common grain size of the concrete will be too small, which then has the consequence that in the concrete floor to be produced concrete "nests" can arise because the concrete can not spread well. In addition, the compacting of the concrete by means of so-called vibrating needles designed as difficult because of the unfavorable accessibility. The simple reduction of all components thus quickly reaches certain limits.
  • the object of the invention is thus to provide an improved module, for the production of concrete parts, in particular of semi-finished concrete products or of "thin" in-situ concrete slabs, and to provide a displacement body for use in such a module with which the disadvantages known from the prior art are avoided.
  • the solution includes that the displacement body is formed as a substantially oblates ellipsoid of revolution with two at least slightly flattened pole sides.
  • the "inactive" parts of the concrete surrounding the displacement body are kept as small as possible.
  • “Inactive” here means that the properties of the concrete are such that with sharp-edged geometries stress concentrations can arise in which the material fails locally and thus becomes “inactive”. It can therefore be taken for granted to form all transitions, edges or the like formed at the displacement body at least slightly rounded and thus avoid the emergence of sharp-edged geometries.
  • the invention described here when installed leads to a concrete structure consisting of a lower and an upper plate, connected with concrete pillars hinged at the top and bottom, with high stability due to their geometric education.
  • the configuration of the displacement body thus allows the concrete ceiling equipped with these displacement bodies to continue to be viewed as a flat slab or as a slab supporting structure from its static generic form. This is advantageous for dimensioning in relation to the rational use of rebars.
  • the displacement body can thus displace a maximum of concrete due to its shape or nature, while maintaining a suitable stiffness, load capacity and load capacity.
  • the feature of the substantially circular, planar and recessed surface surrounded by a ringwall allows for an enlarged concrete coating of the reinforcing grid located above and below the two pole sides directly above the hollow bodies, resulting in optimized hoop stress conditions with respect to the composite effect of Reinforcement leads.
  • the ringwall can be broken by at least one notch.
  • the indentations serve to eliminate any air reservoirs present above or below the displacement body, in that the air can escape via the indentations during the concrete casting process and thus an advantageous rich support or filling of the module or the displacement bodies can occur.
  • the displacement body may be formed as a hollow body.
  • the displacement body can be made of plastic.
  • plastic is basically any other material conceivable, as long as it is ensured that the material used in principle lighter than concrete or in comparison to this is designed as a "lightweight body”.
  • a displacement body with an outer diameter D and a height H it has proven to be particularly advantageous, in the case of a displacement body with an outer diameter D and a height H, to maintain or at least not exceed a ratio D / H of 2.25. It has been found that the static mechanism of action (i.e., the local load transfer) still exerts a comparable effect in comparison to the spherical shape of the displacers under these conditions.
  • the strength properties of a concrete pavement with displacement bodies according to the invention are thus comparable or even more advantageous with regard to the strength properties of a concrete pavement with, for example, spherical displacement bodies.
  • the horizontal diameter of the displacement body is thus to be chosen so that underflow of the concrete is ensured below the lower level of the displacement body in each case.
  • a next embodiment provides to form the displacement body in one piece. This has the advantage that the displacement body can have particularly good handling properties.
  • the displacement body from at least two composable partial elements, in particular half shells.
  • the advantages of this embodiment lie in the fact that in case of damage to any of the sub-elements, the displacement body does not have to be completely replaced or removed, but only the damaged sub-element can be replaced.
  • such half shells can be compared with the displacement bodies in larger numbers at the same available load volumes transported.
  • the sub-elements can be connected or fixed with each other by any conceivable manner.
  • a preferred embodiment provides that at least one distance cam is provided in the recessed areas in the region of the notch. This distance cam is intended to prevent metal parts, for example bars of the latticework, from getting into the notch during the assembly of the module or during the laying of the module, ultimately closing it and thus preventing the escape of air.
  • a further embodiment provides that the displacement body has at least one vertically extending passage opening, wherein the passage opening opens on both pole sides.
  • This through hole can serve, for example, to ensure improved ventilation behavior or also find use as an additional fixation possibility.
  • the passage opening as a bore, recess or hollow tube or the like form.
  • the passage opening extends substantially parallel to the vertical axis of rotation of the displacement body.
  • Fig. 1 shows a module 1 for the production of concrete parts in a spatial view.
  • the module 1 consists of a latticework 2 formed from a plurality of bars, with individual bars 3 being straight and other bars 4 being substantially U-shaped or trough-shaped.
  • the rods 3, 4 are connected to each other and together form the displacement body 5 receiving lattice 2.
  • the rods 4 are arranged on the rods 3, that each two adjacent rods 4 define a receiving space 6 for each one displacement body 5.
  • the receiving space 6 is designed such that it surrounds or fixes the displacement body 5 in such a way that a driving or slipping of the displacement body 5 within the receiving space 6 can be substantially avoided.
  • the gridwork can basically extend over almost any size.
  • the recording room 6 is here in Essentially formed by the rod 3 'arranged above the displacement body 5 and the bars 4' and 4 "arranged perpendicularly thereto In the latticework 2 shown here, three displacement bodies 5, 5 'and 5" are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction.
  • the displacement bodies 5, 5 'and 5 "shown here are merely shown schematically for the basic illustration of the module 1 and are shown in FIG Fig. 2 described in more detail.
  • Fig. 2 shows the displacement body 5 according to Fig. 1 in a spatial, detailed view.
  • the displacement body 5 is formed as a substantially oblates ellipsoid of revolution with two flattened pole sides 7 and 8. Both on the pole side 7 and on the pole side 8 (not shown) a substantially round, flat and recessed surface 9 is present, which is surrounded by a ring wall 10.
  • the ring wall 10 is here broken by three notches 11, 11 'and 11 ".
  • distance cams 12, 12 'and 12 are provided on the recessed surface 9 in the region of the notches 11, 11' and 11".
  • these distance cams 12, 12 ', 12 are at least as high as the annular wall 10 is formed.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a displacement body 5 in the assembled state in a concrete floor 13. A surrounding the displacement body 5 lattice is present, but not shown here.
  • Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a displacement body 5 "'.
  • the displacement body 5' has a vertically extending passage opening 14, which extends substantially parallel to the axis of rotation 15 of the displacement body 5 '.
  • "It can also be seen on each pole side 7' and 8 'recessed arranged surfaces 9 ' and 9 ".
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a plurality of modules 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1'” in partially assembled state.
  • the modules 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1'” are located on armor carriers 16.
  • the reinforcing beams 16 in turn are embedded in a lower concrete layer 17. It is irrelevant in which work order with respect to the modules 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"' and the reinforcing members 16, the first concrete layer is introduced.
  • the construction, consisting of reinforcing members 16, the modules 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1'” and the overlying reinforcing members 16 ' can be provided before concreting or only gradually with the concreting process.
  • An upper, second concrete layer 20 envelops the modules 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"' in a rear, already completed region 21 of the assembly plane, on the upper region of which a second reinforcement carrier 16 'is arranged.
  • the size of the modules or the size of the displacement body is to be determined in each case so as to comply with the required coverage values (layer thickness of the concrete above or below the displacement body).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Modul zur Herstellung von Betonteilen, insbesondere von Betonhalbzeug oder von Betondecken nach Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a module for the production of concrete parts, in particular semi-finished concrete products or concrete floors according to claim 1.

Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere ein Modul zur Herstellung von Betonteilen, insbesondere von Betonhalbzeug oder von relativ "dünnen" Betondecken, mit einer Vielzahl von in einer Längsrichtung nebeneinander angeordneten einsetzbaren Verdrängungskörpern, wobei die Vielzahl von nebeneinander angeordneten Verdrängungskörpern jeweils unverlierbar in einem Gitterwerk aus Stäben angeordnet ist.More particularly, the invention relates to a module for the production of concrete parts, in particular concrete semi-finished or relatively "thin" concrete slabs, with a plurality of insertable in a longitudinal direction juxtaposed displacement bodies, wherein the plurality of juxtaposed displacement bodies is arranged in each case captive in a latticework of rods ,

Solche Module sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, sie werden hauptsächlich bei der Herstellung von relativ dicken Betondecken eingesetzt.Such modules are known from the prior art, they are mainly used in the production of relatively thick concrete slabs.

Die WO 2005/080704-A1 offenbart ein Modul gemäss Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 der vorliegenden Erfindung. Bei diesem Modul weist das Gitterwerk eine in Längsrichtung verlaufende Grundseite und zwei an die Grundseite angrenzende und gegenüber der Grundseite schräg angeordnete, aber ebenfalls in Längsrichtung verlaufende Teilseiten auf. Das verwendete Gitterwerk hat eine rinnenartige Form mit einem breiten Rinnengrund und einer schmalen Rinnenöffnung. Die im Gitterwerk angeordneten Verdrängungskörper sind Kunststoffkugeln.The WO 2005/080704-A1 discloses a module according to the preamble of claim 1 of the present invention. In this module, the lattice has a longitudinally extending base side and two adjacent to the base side and with respect to the base side obliquely arranged, but also extending in the longitudinal direction of the partial sides. The latticework used has a groove-like shape with a wide channel bottom and a narrow channel opening. The displacers arranged in the latticework are plastic balls.

Ein Nachteil der Bauform gemäss WO 2005/080704-A1 besteht darin, dass bei grösseren Fertigungstoleranzen der oberen Gitterstababstände die Kunststoffkugeln zum Teil unterschiedlich weit nach oben aus dem Gitterwerk herausragen, was zur Folge hat, dass unter Umständen die geforderten Überdeckungswerte (Schichtdicke des Betons über den Kugeln) nicht eingehalten werden können. Zudem besteht eine Verletzungsgefahr für die Verdrängungskörper.A disadvantage of the design according to WO 2005/080704-A1 is that for larger manufacturing tolerances of the upper grid spacing the plastic balls in part protrude out of the lattice work at different heights, with the result that under certain circumstances the required cover values (layer thickness of the concrete above the balls) can not be maintained. In addition, there is a risk of injury to the displacement body.

Ein weiteres derartiges Modul ist aus der DE 202006002540 U1 bekannt. Auch bei diesem Modul hat das Gitterwerk eine rinnenartige Form, allerdings mit schmalem Rinnengrund und breiter Rinnenöffnung. Die im Gitterwerk angeordneten Verdrängungskörper sind ebenfalls Kunststoffkugeln. Bei dieser Bauform des Gitterwerkes ist die Verletzungsgefahr für die Verdrängungskörper erheblich vermindert und die Überdeckungswerte können zuverlässiger eingehalten werden.Another such module is from the DE 202006002540 U1 known. Also in this module, the latticework has a trough-like shape, but with a narrow channel bottom and wide gutter opening. The displacers arranged in the latticework are also plastic balls. In this design of the lattice work, the risk of injury to the displacement body is significantly reduced and the coverage values can be maintained more reliable.

Nachteilig ist jedoch sowohl bei der WO 2005/080704-A1 wie auch bei der DE 202006002540 U1 , dass für dünne Betondecken die Struktur des Moduls nicht einfach beliebig verkleinert werden kann. Dies ist deshalb so, weil die Fertigungskosten der Module durch die zunehmend benötigte Stückzahl von Kugeln pro Flächeneinheit stark erhöht werden. Da der Drahtdurchmesser für das Gitterwerk aus Stabilitätsgründen in der Regel auch nicht verkleinert werden kann, kann deswegen sogar eine erhebliche Materialzunahme entstehen. Zudem besteht die Gefahr, dass die Kugelabstände in Bezug auf die gängige Korngrösse des Betons zu klein werden, was dann zur Folge hat, dass in der zu fertigenden Betondecke betonfreie "Nester" entstehen können, weil sich der Beton nicht gut verteilen kann. Ausserdem gestaltet sich auch das Verdichten des Betons mittels so genannter Vibriernadeln wegen der ungünstigen Zugänglichkeit als schwierig. Die simple Verkleinerung aller Komponenten stösst somit sehr schnell an gewisse Grenzen.However, the disadvantage is both in the WO 2005/080704-A1 as with the DE 202006002540 U1 in that for thin concrete slabs the structure of the module can not simply be reduced arbitrarily. This is because the manufacturing costs of the modules are greatly increased by the increasingly required number of balls per unit area. Since the wire diameter for the latticework can not be reduced in size for reasons of stability, therefore, even a considerable increase in material can occur. In addition, there is the danger that the ball spacings in relation to the common grain size of the concrete will be too small, which then has the consequence that in the concrete floor to be produced concrete "nests" can arise because the concrete can not spread well. In addition, the compacting of the concrete by means of so-called vibrating needles designed as difficult because of the unfavorable accessibility. The simple reduction of all components thus quickly reaches certain limits.

Im älteren Stand der Technik gibt es verschiedenartige Lösungen mit nicht-kugelförmigen und häufig rechteckigen Verdrängungskörpern, welche von ihrer statischen Gattungsform her als Rippendecken zu betrachten sind. Meist sind diese Verdrängungskörper jedoch nicht in einem Gitterwerk eingebettet und somit auch nicht gegen Aufschwimmen geschützt; d.h. es müssen noch zusätzliche Massnahmen zu diesem Zweck ergriffen werden. Zudem liegen gerade im Falle von rechteckigen Verdrängungskörpern die Kraftverteilungslinien innerhalb der belasteten Betondecke so ungünstig, dass grosse Zwischenbereiche entstehen, in denen die Spannungskonzentrationen (bei Belastung der Betondecke) so hoch werden, dass die Gefahr des lokalen Versagens in der die Verdrängungskörper umgebenden Betonmasse besteht. Dieser Nachteil wird z.B. mit dem zusätzlichen Einbringen von Armierungseisen in diesen Zwischenbereichen behoben, was aber zu einer zusätzlichen Erschwernis im Bauablauf und zu erhöhtem Materialbedarf führt. Zudem kann die Grösse der Fläche der unteren Ebene dieser Verdrängungskörper dazu führen, dass die Gewährleistung des Unterfliessens des Betons nur mit speziellen Betonrezepturen und einem zusätzlichen Bearbeitungsaufwand sichergestellt werden kann.In the older state of the art there are various types Solutions with non-spherical and often rectangular displacement bodies, which are considered by their static genus form as ribbed ceilings. However, most of these displacement bodies are not embedded in a latticework and thus not protected against floating; ie additional measures have to be taken for this purpose. In addition, just in the case of rectangular displacement bodies, the force distribution lines within the loaded concrete pavement so unfavorable that large intermediate areas arise in which the stress concentrations (under load of the concrete ceiling) are so high that the risk of local failure in the surrounding the displacement body concrete mass. This disadvantage is remedied, for example, with the additional introduction of reinforcing iron in these intermediate areas, but this leads to an additional difficulty in the construction process and increased material requirements. In addition, the size of the surface of the lower level of these displacement body can cause the guarantee of the underflow of the concrete can be ensured only with special concrete recipes and additional processing.

Es besteht somit die Problematik, dass bei "dünnen" Betondecken, wie etwa kurz gespannte Decken im Wohnungsbau oder bei Hochhäusern, weder das Modulkonzept gemäss der WO 2005/080704-A1 oder der DE 202006002540 U1 noch das früher gebräuchliche Konzept mit rechtwinkligen bzw. flachen Verdrängungskörpern ohne weiteres übernommen werden kann. Im ersteren Fall (d.h. bei kugelförmigen Verdrängungskörpern) führt die blosse Verkleinerung zu den aufgeführten Kosten- und Handlingproblemen, während im letzteren Fall (d.h. bei beispielsweise rechtwinkligen Verdrängungskörpern) unnötig viel an Strukturfestigkeit der Betondecke vergeben wird.There is thus the problem that in "thin" concrete ceilings, such as short-stretched ceilings in housing or high-rise buildings, neither the modular concept according to WO 2005/080704-A1 or the DE 202006002540 U1 nor the previously common concept with rectangular or flat displacement bodies can be readily adopted. In the former case (ie in spherical displacement bodies), the mere reduction leads to the cost and handling problems listed, while in the latter case (ie in the case of, for example, right-angled displacement bodies), an unnecessary amount of structural strength of the concrete pavement is awarded.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es somit, ein verbessertes Modul, zur Herstellung von Betonteilen, insbesondere von Betonhalbzeug oder von "dünnen" Ortbeton-Decken sowie einen Verdrängungskörper zur Verwendung in einem derartigen Modul anzugeben, mit dem die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile umgangen werden.The object of the invention is thus to provide an improved module, for the production of concrete parts, in particular of semi-finished concrete products or of "thin" in-situ concrete slabs, and to provide a displacement body for use in such a module with which the disadvantages known from the prior art are avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of patent claim 1.

Die Lösung beinhaltet, dass der Verdrängungskörper als im Wesentlichen oblates Rotationsellipsoid mit zwei zumindest geringfügig abgeplatteten Polseiten ausgebildet ist.The solution includes that the displacement body is formed as a substantially oblates ellipsoid of revolution with two at least slightly flattened pole sides.

Mit der oblaten rotationsellipsoiden Form werden die "inaktiven" Teile des den Verdrängungskörper umgebenden Betons so gering wie möglich gehalten. "Inaktiv" bedeutet hierbei, dass die Eigenschaften des Betons derart sind, dass bei scharfkantigen Geometrien Spannungskonzentrationen entstehen können, bei welchen das Material lokal versagt und so "inaktiv" wird. Es kann daher als selbstverständlich angesehen werden, alle am Verdrängungskörper gebildeten Übergänge, Kanten oder dergleichen zumindest leicht abgerundet auszubilden und somit das Entstehen von scharfkantigen Geometrien zu umgehen. Gegenüber Systemen, welche von ihrer statischen Gattungsform her als Rippendecke betrachtet werden müssen, führt die hier beschriebene Erfindung im eingebauten Zustand zu einem Betontragwerk, bestehend aus einer unteren und einer oberen Platte, verbunden mit oben und unten ringsum angevouteten Betonsäulen, mit hoher Stabilität aufgrund ihrer geometrischen Ausbildung. Die Ausgestaltung des Verdrängungskörpers erlaubt es somit, dass die mit diesen Verdrängungskörpern ausgestattete Betondecke von ihrer statischen Gattungsform her weiterhin als Flachdecke bzw. als Plattentragwerk betrachtet werden kann. Dies ist vorteilhaft für die Dimensionierung in Bezug auf den rationellen Einsatz von Armierungseisen. Andererseits gelingt es mit der im wesentlichen oblaten Ausgestaltung aber auch, unter Berücksichtigung ökonomischer Faktoren, die Zahl der Verdrängungskörper auf ein Minimum an Verdrängungskörpern pro Flächeneinheit zu reduzieren und dennoch das erzielte Verdrängungsvolumen in einem für die kommerzielle Anwendung günstigen Bereich zu halten. Der Verdrängungskörper kann also aufgrund seiner Form bzw. Beschaffenheit, unter Beibehaltung einer zweckmässigen Steifigkeit, Belastbarkeit und Tragfähigkeit ein Maximum an Beton verdrängen. Ferner erlaubt das Merkmal der im Wesentlichen runden, ebenen und vertieft angelegten Fläche, die von einem Ringwall umgeben ist, eine vergrösserte Betonummantelung der sich ober- und unterhalb der zwei Polseiten direkt über den Hohlkörpern befindlichen Armierungsgitter, was zu optimierten Ringspannungszuständen bzgl. der Verbundwirkung der Armierung führt. Der Ringwall kann dabei von mindestens einer Einkerbung durchbrochen sein. Die Einkerbungen dienen dazu, eventuell ober- oder unterhalb des Verdrängungskörpers vorhandene Luftreservoire zu beseitigen, indem die Luft während des Betongiessvorgangs über die Einkerbungen entweichen kann und es somit zu einer vorteilhaften satten Auflage bzw. Befüllung des Moduls bzw. der Verdrängungskörper kommen kann.With the oblate rotationally ellipsoidal shape, the "inactive" parts of the concrete surrounding the displacement body are kept as small as possible. "Inactive" here means that the properties of the concrete are such that with sharp-edged geometries stress concentrations can arise in which the material fails locally and thus becomes "inactive". It can therefore be taken for granted to form all transitions, edges or the like formed at the displacement body at least slightly rounded and thus avoid the emergence of sharp-edged geometries. Compared to systems which must be regarded as ribbed by their static genus form, the invention described here when installed leads to a concrete structure consisting of a lower and an upper plate, connected with concrete pillars hinged at the top and bottom, with high stability due to their geometric education. The configuration of the displacement body thus allows the concrete ceiling equipped with these displacement bodies to continue to be viewed as a flat slab or as a slab supporting structure from its static generic form. This is advantageous for dimensioning in relation to the rational use of rebars. On the other hand, it is possible with the substantially oblate embodiment but also, taking into account economic factors, to reduce the number of displacement body to a minimum of displacement bodies per unit area and still keep the displacement volume achieved in a favorable for commercial application range. The displacement body can thus displace a maximum of concrete due to its shape or nature, while maintaining a suitable stiffness, load capacity and load capacity. Furthermore, the feature of the substantially circular, planar and recessed surface surrounded by a ringwall allows for an enlarged concrete coating of the reinforcing grid located above and below the two pole sides directly above the hollow bodies, resulting in optimized hoop stress conditions with respect to the composite effect of Reinforcement leads. The ringwall can be broken by at least one notch. The indentations serve to eliminate any air reservoirs present above or below the displacement body, in that the air can escape via the indentations during the concrete casting process and thus an advantageous rich support or filling of the module or the displacement bodies can occur.

Eine Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass der Verdrängungskörper als Hohlkörper ausgebildet sein kann. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, den Verdrängungskörper als Vollkörper, aus einem entsprechend "leichten" Material, wie beispielsweise Styropor herzustellen.An embodiment provides that the displacement body may be formed as a hollow body. However, it is also conceivable to produce the displacement body as a solid body, from a correspondingly "light" material, such as Styrofoam.

Bevorzugt jedoch keinesfalls zwingend kann der Verdrängungskörper aus Kunststoff hergestellt sein. Es ist jedoch grundsätzlich jedes andere Material denkbar, solange gewährleistet ist, dass das verwendete Material grundsätzlich leichter als Beton bzw. im Vergleich zu diesem als "Leichtkörper" ausgebildet ist.Preferably, however, by no means mandatory, the displacement body can be made of plastic. However, it is basically any other material conceivable, as long as it is ensured that the material used in principle lighter than concrete or in comparison to this is designed as a "lightweight body".

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich zudem erwiesen, bei einem Verdrängungskörper mit einem Aussendurchmesser D und einer Höhe H eine Verhältniszahl D/H mit dem Wert von 2.25 einzuhalten oder zumindest nicht überschreiten zu lassen. Es hat sich nämlich herausgestellt, dass der statische Wirkungsmechanismus (d.h. der lokale Lastabtrag) im Vergleich zur Kugelform der Verdrängungskörper unter diesen Bedingungen noch immer eine vergleichbare Wirkung entfaltet. Die Festigkeitseigenschaften einer Betondecke mit erfindungsgemässen Verdrängungskörpern, ist im Hinblick auf die Festigkeitseigenschaften einer Betondecke mit beispielsweise kugelförmigen Verdrängungskörpern somit vergleichbar bzw. sogar vorteilhafter. Bevorzugt ist der horizontale Durchmesser des Verdrängungskörpers also so zu wählen, dass ein Unterfliessen des Betons unter die untere Ebene des Verdrängungskörpers in jedem Falle gewährleistet ist.In addition, it has proven to be particularly advantageous, in the case of a displacement body with an outer diameter D and a height H, to maintain or at least not exceed a ratio D / H of 2.25. It has been found that the static mechanism of action (i.e., the local load transfer) still exerts a comparable effect in comparison to the spherical shape of the displacers under these conditions. The strength properties of a concrete pavement with displacement bodies according to the invention are thus comparable or even more advantageous with regard to the strength properties of a concrete pavement with, for example, spherical displacement bodies. Preferably, the horizontal diameter of the displacement body is thus to be chosen so that underflow of the concrete is ensured below the lower level of the displacement body in each case.

Eine nächste Ausführungsform sieht vor, den Verdrängungskörper einteilig auszubilden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Verdrängungskörper besonders gute Handlingeigenschaften aufweisen kann.A next embodiment provides to form the displacement body in one piece. This has the advantage that the displacement body can have particularly good handling properties.

Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, den Verdrängungskörper aus zumindest zwei zusammensetzbaren Teilelementen, insbesondere Halbschalen herzustellen. Die Vorteile dieser Ausführungsform liegen in der Tatsache, dass bei einer eventuellen Beschädigung eines der Teilelemente, der Verdrängungskörper nicht vollständig getauscht bzw. entfernt werden muss, sondern nur das beschädigte Teilelement ersetzt werden kann. Zudem lassen sich solche Halbschalen im Vergleich zu den Verdrängungskörpern in grösserer Anzahl bei gleich bleibenden verfügbaren Ladevolumen transportierten. Die Teilelemente können dabei mittels jeder nur erdenklichen Art und Weise miteinander verbunden bzw. fixiert werden.However, it is also conceivable to produce the displacement body from at least two composable partial elements, in particular half shells. The advantages of this embodiment lie in the fact that in case of damage to any of the sub-elements, the displacement body does not have to be completely replaced or removed, but only the damaged sub-element can be replaced. In addition, such half shells can be compared with the displacement bodies in larger numbers at the same available load volumes transported. The sub-elements can be connected or fixed with each other by any conceivable manner.

Bevorzugt jedoch keinesfalls zwingend, können auf jeder Polseite mehrere, insbesondere drei, Einkerbungen vorgesehen sein.Preferably, however, by no means compulsorily, several, in particular three, notches can be provided on each pole side.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass in den vertieft angelegten Flächen im Bereich der Einkerbung zumindest ein Distanznocken vorgesehen ist. Dieser Distanznocken soll verhindern, dass während der Montage des Moduls bzw. während der Verlegung des Moduls Metallteile, beispielsweise Stäbe des Gitterwerks, in die Einkerbung gelangen, diese letztendlich verschliessen und folglich den Luftaustritt verhindern.A preferred embodiment provides that at least one distance cam is provided in the recessed areas in the region of the notch. This distance cam is intended to prevent metal parts, for example bars of the latticework, from getting into the notch during the assembly of the module or during the laying of the module, ultimately closing it and thus preventing the escape of air.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass der Verdrängungskörper mindestens eine vertikal verlaufende Durchgangsöffnung aufweist, wobei die Durchgangsöffnung auf beiden Polseiten mündet. Diese Durchgangsbohrung kann beispielsweise dazu dienen, ein verbessertes Entlüftungsverhalten zu gewährleisten oder aber auch als zusätzliche Fixiermöglichkeit Verwendung finden. Grundsätzlich ist denkbar, je nach Ausführungsform des Verdrängungskörpers, die Durchgangsöffnung als Bohrung, Ausnehmung oder aber Hohlrohr oder dergleichen auszubilden.A further embodiment provides that the displacement body has at least one vertically extending passage opening, wherein the passage opening opens on both pole sides. This through hole can serve, for example, to ensure improved ventilation behavior or also find use as an additional fixation possibility. Basically, it is conceivable, depending on the embodiment of the displacement body, the passage opening as a bore, recess or hollow tube or the like form.

Bevorzugt verläuft die Durchgangsöffnung im Wesentlichen parallel zur vertikalen Rotationsachse des Verdrängungskörpers.Preferably, the passage opening extends substantially parallel to the vertical axis of rotation of the displacement body.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment.

In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein erfindungsgemässes Modul zur Herstellung von Betonteilen in einer räumlichen Ansicht,
Fig. 2
einen Verdrängungskörper für ein Modul gemäss Fig. 1 in räumlicher Ansicht,
Fig. 3
eine Prinzipdarstellung eines Verdrängungskörpers in montiertem Zustand in einem Betonbett,
Fig. 4
eine alternative Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemässen Verdrängungskörpers,
Fig. 5
eine Prinzipdarstellung von mehreren Modulen in montiertem Zustand, welcher insbesondere dem Ortbeton-Verfahren oder der industriellen Vorfertigung im Betonfertigteilwerk entspricht.
In the drawings show:
Fig. 1
a module according to the invention for producing concrete parts in a three-dimensional view,
Fig. 2
a displacement body for a module according to Fig. 1 in a spatial view,
Fig. 3
a schematic representation of a displacement body in the assembled state in a concrete bed,
Fig. 4
an alternative embodiment of a displacement body according to the invention,
Fig. 5
a schematic representation of several modules in the assembled state, which corresponds in particular to the in-situ concrete method or industrial prefabrication in precast concrete plant.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Modul 1 zur Herstellung von Betonteilen in einer räumlichen Ansicht. Das Modul 1 besteht aus einem, aus mehreren Stäben gebildeten Gitterwerk 2, wobei einzelne Stäbe 3 gerade und andere Stäbe 4 im Wesentlichen u- oder wannenförmig ausgebildet sind. Die Stäbe 3, 4 sind miteinander verbunden und bilden gemeinsam das die Verdrängungskörper 5 aufnehmende Gitterwerk 2. Die Stäbe 4 sind dabei so an den Stäben 3 angeordnet, dass jeweils zwei benachbarte Stäbe 4 einen Aufnahmeraum 6 für je einen Verdrängungskörper 5 definieren. Der Aufnahmeraum 6 ist so ausgebildet, dass er den Verdrängungskörper 5 dahingehend umschliesst bzw. fixiert, als dass ein Auftreiben bzw. Verrutschen des Verdrängungskörpers 5 innerhalb des Aufnahmeraums 6 im Wesentlichen vermieden werden kann. Das Gitterwerk kann sich grundsätzlich über eine nahezu beliebige Größe erstrecken. Der Aufnahmeraum 6 wird hier im Wesentlichen von dem oberhalb des Verdrängungskörpers 5 angeordneten Stab 3' sowie den senkrecht dazu angeordneten Stäben 4' und 4" gebildet. Bei dem hier gezeigten Gitterwerk 2 sind drei Verdrängungskörper 5, 5' und 5" in Längsrichtung nebeneinander angeordnet. Die hier abgebildeten Verdrängungskörper 5, 5' und 5" sind zur prinzipiellen Darstellung des Moduls 1 lediglich schematisch dargestellt und werden in Fig. 2 genauer beschrieben. Fig. 1 shows a module 1 for the production of concrete parts in a spatial view. The module 1 consists of a latticework 2 formed from a plurality of bars, with individual bars 3 being straight and other bars 4 being substantially U-shaped or trough-shaped. The rods 3, 4 are connected to each other and together form the displacement body 5 receiving lattice 2. The rods 4 are arranged on the rods 3, that each two adjacent rods 4 define a receiving space 6 for each one displacement body 5. The receiving space 6 is designed such that it surrounds or fixes the displacement body 5 in such a way that a driving or slipping of the displacement body 5 within the receiving space 6 can be substantially avoided. The gridwork can basically extend over almost any size. The recording room 6 is here in Essentially formed by the rod 3 'arranged above the displacement body 5 and the bars 4' and 4 "arranged perpendicularly thereto In the latticework 2 shown here, three displacement bodies 5, 5 'and 5" are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction. The displacement bodies 5, 5 'and 5 "shown here are merely shown schematically for the basic illustration of the module 1 and are shown in FIG Fig. 2 described in more detail.

Fig. 2 zeigt den Verdrängungskörper 5 gemäß Fig. 1 in einer räumlichen, detaillierten Ansicht. Der Verdrängungskörper 5 ist als im Wesentlichen oblates Rotationsellipsoid mit zwei abgeplatteten Polseiten 7 und 8 ausgebildet. Sowohl auf der Polseite 7 als auch auf der Polseite 8 (nicht dargestellt) ist eine im Wesentlichen runde, ebene und vertieft angelegte Fläche 9 vorhanden, die von einem Ringwall 10 umgeben ist. Der Ringwall 10 wird hier von drei Einkerbungen 11, 11' und 11" durchbrochen. Fig. 2 shows the displacement body 5 according to Fig. 1 in a spatial, detailed view. The displacement body 5 is formed as a substantially oblates ellipsoid of revolution with two flattened pole sides 7 and 8. Both on the pole side 7 and on the pole side 8 (not shown) a substantially round, flat and recessed surface 9 is present, which is surrounded by a ring wall 10. The ring wall 10 is here broken by three notches 11, 11 'and 11 ".

Ferner sind auf der vertieft angelegten Fläche 9 im Bereich der Einkerbungen 11, 11' und 11" Distanznocken 12, 12' sowie 12" vorgesehen. Bevorzugt sind diese Distanznocken 12, 12', 12" mindestens so hoch wie der Ringwall 10 ausgebildet.Furthermore, distance cams 12, 12 'and 12 "are provided on the recessed surface 9 in the region of the notches 11, 11' and 11". Preferably, these distance cams 12, 12 ', 12 "are at least as high as the annular wall 10 is formed.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Prinzipdarstellung eines Verdrängungskörpers 5 in montiertem Zustand in einer Betondecke 13. Ein den Verdrängungskörper 5 umgebendes Gitterwerk ist vorhanden, jedoch hier nicht dargestellt. Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a displacement body 5 in the assembled state in a concrete floor 13. A surrounding the displacement body 5 lattice is present, but not shown here.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform eines Verdrängungskörpers 5"'. Der Verdrängungskörper 5'" weist eine vertikal verlaufende Durchgangsöffnung 14 auf, die im Wesentlichen parallel zur Rotationsachse 15 des Verdrängungskörpers 5'" verläuft. Ebenfalls zu erkennen sind auf jeder Polseite 7' und 8' vertieft angeordnete Flächen 9' und 9". Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a displacement body 5 "'. The displacement body 5'" has a vertically extending passage opening 14, which extends substantially parallel to the axis of rotation 15 of the displacement body 5 '. "It can also be seen on each pole side 7' and 8 'recessed arranged surfaces 9 ' and 9 ".

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Prinzipdarstellung von mehreren Modulen 1, 1', 1", 1'" in teilmontiertem Zustand. Die Module 1, 1', 1", 1'" liegen auf Armierungsträgern 16 auf. Die Armierungsträger 16 wiederum sind in einer unteren Betonschicht 17 eingebettet. Dabei ist es irrelevant, in welcher Arbeitsreihenfolge bezüglich der Modulen 1, 1', 1", 1"' und den Armierungsträgern 16 die erste Betonschicht eingebracht wird. Beispielsweise kann die Konstruktion, bestehend aus Armierungsträgern 16, den Modulen 1, 1', 1", 1'" und den darüber liegenden Armierungsträgern 16' schon vor dem Betonieren bereitgestellt werden oder erst schrittweise mit dem Betonierungsvorgang. Eine obere, zweite Betonschicht 20 umhüllt in einem hinteren, bereits fertig gestellten Bereich 21 der Montageebene die Module 1, 1', 1", 1"', auf deren oberen Bereich ein zweiter Armierungsträger 16' angeordnet ist. Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a plurality of modules 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1'" in partially assembled state. The modules 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1'" are located on armor carriers 16. The reinforcing beams 16 in turn are embedded in a lower concrete layer 17. It is irrelevant in which work order with respect to the modules 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"' and the reinforcing members 16, the first concrete layer is introduced. For example, the construction, consisting of reinforcing members 16, the modules 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1'" and the overlying reinforcing members 16 'can be provided before concreting or only gradually with the concreting process. An upper, second concrete layer 20 envelops the modules 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"' in a rear, already completed region 21 of the assembly plane, on the upper region of which a second reinforcement carrier 16 'is arranged.

Die Größe der Module bzw. die Größe der Verdrängungskörper ist in jedem Falle so zu bestimmen, als dass die geforderten Überdeckungswerte(Schichtdicke des Betons ober- bzw. unterhalb des Verdrängungskörpers) eingehalten werden.The size of the modules or the size of the displacement body is to be determined in each case so as to comply with the required coverage values (layer thickness of the concrete above or below the displacement body).

Claims (11)

  1. A module (1) for the production of concrete elements, particularly of concrete semi-finished products or of relatively "thin" in-situ concrete surfaces, with a plurality of displacement bodies (5, 5', 5" , 5"') able to be inserted arranged adjacent to each other in a longitudinal direction, in which the plurality of displacement bodies (5, 5', 5" , 5"'), arranged adjacent to each other, is arranged respectively undetachably in a latticework (2) of bars (3, 3', 4, 4', 4"), characterized in that the displacement body (5, 5', 5" , 5"') is formed as a substantially oblate rotation ellipsoid with two at least slightly flattened pole sides (7, 7', 8, 8'), on each of which a substantially round, flat and sunken area (9, 9', 9") which is surrounded by an annular wall (10) is present.
  2. The module according to Claim 1, characterized in that the displacement body (5, 5', 5", 5"') is formed as a hollow body.
  3. The module according to Claim 1, characterized in that the displacement body (5, 5', 5", 5"') is formed as a solid body.
  4. The module according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the displacement body (5, 5' , 5" , 5"') consists of plastic.
  5. The module according to any of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the displacement body (5, 5', 5" , 5"') has an external diameter D and a height H, with the D/H ratio not exceeding the value of 2.25.
  6. The module according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the displacement body (5, 5', 5", 5"') is formed in one part.
  7. The module according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the displacement body (5, 5', 5", 5"') consists of at least two partial elements which are able to be assembled, in particular half shells.
  8. The module according to any of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the annular wall (10) is interrupted by at least one indentation (11, 11', 11").
  9. The module according to Claim 8, characterized in that in the sunken areas (9, 9', 9") in the region of the indentation (11, 11', 11") at least one spacer cam (12, 12', 12") is arranged.
  10. The module according to any of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the displacement body (5, 5', 5", 5"') has at least one vertically-running passage opening (14), with the passage opening (14) opening out on both pole sides (7, 7', 8, 8').
  11. The module according to Claim 10, characterized in that the passage opening (14) is formed as a through-bore or hollow tube and runs substantially parallel to the rotation axis (15) of the displacement body (5, 5', 5", 5"').
EP07405371.1A 2007-12-28 2007-12-28 Module for manufacturing concrete components Active EP2075387B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT74053711T PT2075387E (en) 2007-12-28 2007-12-28 Module for manufacturing concrete components
EP07405371.1A EP2075387B1 (en) 2007-12-28 2007-12-28 Module for manufacturing concrete components
ZA200802890A ZA200802890B (en) 2007-12-28 2008-04-02 Module for the production of concrete elements and displacement body for this
US12/167,625 US8028485B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2008-07-03 Module having displacement bodies for the production of concrete elements
NZ573847A NZ573847A (en) 2007-12-28 2008-12-22 Module for the production of concrete elements utilizing displacement bodies held together by a latticework of bars
AU2008261163A AU2008261163B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2008-12-22 Module for the production of concrete elements and displacement body for this

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP07405371.1A EP2075387B1 (en) 2007-12-28 2007-12-28 Module for manufacturing concrete components

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EP2075387B1 true EP2075387B1 (en) 2014-07-23

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US8028485B2 (en) 2011-10-04
PT2075387E (en) 2014-12-02
AU2008261163A1 (en) 2009-07-16
NZ573847A (en) 2010-08-27
EP2075387A1 (en) 2009-07-01
US20090165420A1 (en) 2009-07-02
AU2008261163B2 (en) 2012-01-19
ZA200802890B (en) 2009-04-29

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