EP2067737A1 - Side bracing for a grid extension of a crane - Google Patents

Abstract

The bracing has a set of supporting elements (7) arranged laterally on a lattice boom (1) of a crane, and connection elements connecting the supporting elements with each other in a longitudinal direction of the boom. A clamping unit (14) i.e. hydraulic cylinder, introduces a tensile stress into the connection elements. The supporting elements are removably connected with sides of the lattice boom. The supporting elements have three longitudinal rods (3) in the form of a triangle whose base side is bolted laterally with the boom and leading edges are connected with the connection elements. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a connecting piece for connecting a bolt with a lateral bracing (2) a crane (3) a method for operating a crane (4) a crane control software stored on a data carrier or a data storage for performing a method for operating a crane.

Description

The present invention relates to a lateral bracing for a lattice boom of a crane, which comprises a plurality of support elements, which are arranged or arrangeable laterally on the lattice boom, and connecting elements, which connect the support elements in the longitudinal direction of the boom. In particular, the invention relates to long lattice boom, which are composed of several lattice pieces.

Long lattice booms are usually tipped over winches and ropes, with the boom acting as a push bar since the rope is attached to the jib tip. The deflection of the boom in the rocker plane is therefore usually not a big problem.

In steep boom positions, however, the problem arises that the boom due to wind loads, inclinations solar radiation or imperfections laterally, ie transverse to the rocking plane, deform and then break out.

Therefore, attempts have already been made to make lateral bracing which laterally stabilize the lattice boom transversely to the tipping plane.

Out EP 1 263 670 B1 In this case, a ring lift crane is known, the lattice boom has a support on both sides. On each lattice piece a plurality of support structures are provided along the longitudinal axis of the cantilever on both sides, which are connected via a connecting element which extends at a certain distance from the side surfaces of the cantilever.

The individual lattice pieces are thereby extremely bulky, so that problems can arise during transport. To achieve this, no optimal load increase is achieved solely by the broadening of the lattice boom on the lateral supports.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a lateral bracing for a lattice boom, through which the load of the lattice boom can be increased. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to find an easy to transport solution.

According to the invention this object is achieved by a lateral bracing according to claim 1. Such a lateral bracing for a lattice boom of a crane in this case has a plurality of support elements which are arranged or can be arranged laterally on the lattice boom, and connecting elements, which connect the support elements in the longitudinal direction of the arm together. In this case, clamping means for introducing a tensile stress into the connecting elements of the lateral bracing are provided according to the invention. By means of the tensioning means, a tensile stress can be introduced into the connecting elements of the lateral bracing running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the extension arm on both sides, so that the grating extension itself is pressurized. As a result, the moment of resistance of the lattice cantilever increases against lateral deformation, since the lattice cantilever is drawn straight again at each connection point with the support elements. In this case, advantageously, a plurality of support elements along the Lattice cantilever can be used, which are advantageously arranged at regular intervals on the lattice boom. Further advantageously, at least in one subregion each grating element is associated with at least one support element. In this case, advantageously rigid elements, in particular rods or tubes, are used as connecting elements, since these allow an increased rigidity of the lateral bracing with respect to cables.

In addition, it must be taken into account that the advantages of a lateral bracing result predominantly in a steep boom position. Due to the bracing of the bracing according to the invention, it is thus possible to fully tension only in such a steep boom positions, the lateral bracing and thus put the lattice boom under pressure. On the other hand, with a flat boom angle, the tension can be reduced again since the strong lateral bracing is not needed here and unnecessarily stresses the lattice boom.

The clamping means can be arranged at any point of the connecting elements. Furthermore, a plurality of clamping means can be provided within one side of the bracing. As clamping means can be z. B. hydraulic cylinders are used.

The connecting elements may extend at least in a portion of the lattice boom parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lattice boom from support member to support member at a certain distance from the side surfaces of the main boom. As a result, identical support elements can be used at least for this sub-area, which reduces the effort in the production and simplifies assembly. In addition, the bracing can be adapted to different boom lengths. Advantageously, a first and a last connecting rod is provided, which is connected to the main boom or connectable, so that here forms a force triangle in the longitudinal direction. The connecting rods can end at any point of the main boom. Advantageously, the bracing ends at the outermost end of the lattice boom. Further advantageously, the guy at the lower end of the Lattice boom attached to the pivot piece. The clamping device such. B. a hydraulic cylinder can be z. B. be integrated into the lowest connection element. The lateral bracing is advantageously arranged mirror-inverted on both sides of the lattice boom, so that the lattice boom can be equally tensioned on both sides and put under pressure.

Alternatively or in addition to a portion of the lattice beam, in which the connecting elements extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lattice of support element to support element at a certain distance from the side surfaces of the main boom, support elements of different lengths can be used, so that the distance of the connecting elements of the longitudinal axis of the lattice boom over the length of the lattice boom changes. As a result, a better introduction of force in the lattice boom can be realized, but the design complexity increases accordingly. Advantageously, the distance of the connecting elements to the side surfaces of the main jib decreases towards the tip. As a result, the lattice boom towards the top both lighter and narrower, which results in advantages in terms of force, stability and handling. Further advantageously, the connecting elements extend at least in a partial region of the lattice arm substantially parabolic. This results in an optimal introduction of force, in which approximately the same forces are introduced at each support element.

The length of the bracing can be adapted to the length of the lattice boom by the support elements are used with decreasing length in the upper region of the lattice boom, while in the lower region adapted to the length of the lattice boom number of support elements of the same length is used.

The lateral bracing according to the invention makes it possible to considerably increase the load capacity in the case of steep boom positions. Advantageously, the lateral bracing is used for the main boom of a jib crane with a winnable in a vertical rocker main boom. The However, lateral bracing can also with any other lattice boom, such. B. derrickauslegern, luffing jibs and bracing.

The present invention further comprises a lateral bracing for a lattice boom of a crane, comprising a plurality of support elements, which are laterally arranged on the lattice boom, and connecting elements which connect the support elements in the longitudinal direction of the boom, wherein the support elements releasably connectable to the sides of the lattice boom , in particular are bolted. In this way, the lateral bracing can be transported separately from the lattice pieces of the main boom, so that their transport dimension does not increase. This guarantees the transportability of the solution according to the invention on public roads. In addition, results in comparison to lattice pieces to which a lateral support is fixedly mounted, a much more flexible use, since the lateral bracing needs to be mounted only if it is needed for the specific hub.

The releasable connectivity of the lateral bracing with the lattice boom of the crane is regardless of the tension of the bracing of great advantage, so that even for this self-protection is claimed. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that it is precisely a combination of a lateral bracing that can be detachably connected to the lattice boom with tensioning means for introducing a tensile stress into the connecting elements that results in a particularly advantageous arrangement in which the lateral bracing is arranged if necessary and to increase the rigidity of the lattice arm is strained.

Further advantageously, the support elements are hinged to the sides of the lattice boom connected or connected. As a result, the support elements can respond to the tension applied by the connecting elements and be pivoted against the lattice boom. The axis of rotation of the articulation of the support elements is accordingly aligned in the rocker plane of the lattice boom perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lattice arm. As a result, a high tensile force can be transmitted via the connecting elements and a high pressure be exerted on the lattice boom, without the support elements or the lattice structure would be exposed to a bending load.

The articulated arrangement of the support elements on the lattice boom can be z. B. via bolting along the axis of rotation of the linkage.

Further advantageously, the support elements are detachably connectable to the connecting elements, in particular verscholzbar. As a result, the support elements and the connecting elements can be transported individually and mounted only at the Hubort, so that a very space-saving transport is possible.

Further advantageously, the support elements are pivotally connected to the connecting elements or connectable. In this way, the support elements can also be pivoted relative to the connecting elements, so that when applying a tensile force, the mechanical loads are minimized. The pivoting can advantageously be effected by a hinge element, which is pivotable relative to the support element and on which the connecting elements are mounted, e.g. by a bolt parallel to the pivot axis.

Further advantageously, the support elements in this case three struts in the form of a triangle, wherein the base side of the triangle is laterally bolted to the lattice boom and the tip connected to the connecting elements or connectable. Advantageously, the triangles have two stronger pressure rods and a lighter tension rod as the base side. In order for the triangles to be able to react to the applied tensile force, they are furthermore advantageously pivotable about the axis of the connecting bolts with the lattice boom. Advantageously, the apex of the triangle is connected or connectable to the connecting elements, in particular via a pivotable joint element, which can be bolted to the connecting elements. The lateral bracing thus consists essentially of a plurality of support elements and a plurality of connecting elements, which are locally verbolzbar with the lattice boom and each other. moreover At least one connecting element is provided with a clamping means in order to clamp the bracing.

It should also be noted that the lateral bracing according to the invention is also to be retrofitted to existing cranes and cantilevers. For this purpose, advantageously, the support elements with the bolts, with which the individual lattice pieces of the lattice boom are bolted together, connected or connectable. The lattice pieces of the lattice boom therefore do not require the provision of lugs or fasteners for the lateral bracing, so that the solution can easily be retrofitted to existing cranes by connecting the support members to the bolts with which the individual lattice pieces of the lattice boom are bolted together , For this purpose, only appropriate bolts or connectors must be provided.

Advantageously, the bolts, with which the individual lattice pieces of the lattice boom are bolted together, while a bolt receptacle for Verbolzung with the connecting elements. In particular, a connecting piece is connected or connectable to the bolt, which has such a bolt receptacle. In existing lattice beams this only new bolts or connectors must be provided, with which the support elements are then in turn connected or bolted.

The present invention therefore further includes bolts for connecting individual lattice pieces of a lattice beam together, which are connected or connectable with a lateral bracing. This makes it possible to connect a lateral bracing according to the present invention with an existing lattice boom. In particular, the present invention involves the use of bolts interconnecting individual lattice pieces of a lattice beam for connecting the lattice beam to a lateral guy.

Advantageously, the bolts have a bolt receptacle for Verbolzung with the lateral bracing. The lateral bracing can thus be bolted with the bolts that bolted the individual lattice pieces of the lattice boom together. In particular, the present invention comprises connecting pieces, which are connected to the bolts or connectable and in turn serve the connection with the lateral bracing.

According to the invention, therefore, the bolts can be used on the fork-finger connections of the lattice pieces for connection to the support elements. For this purpose, a fork-finger connection is also made and bolted between these bolts and the support elements. The bolt-side bolt receiving bearing connection piece can either be bolted to the bolt, bolted or secured in any other way.

As an alternative to such a connection of the lateral bracing with the bolts of the fork-finger connections of the lattice pieces of the lattice arm, a connection can be provided directly with the lattice pieces. For this purpose, the lattice pieces advantageously connection points for connection to the support elements, in particular pin receivers. Advantageously, these are arranged in the region of cross struts of the lattice pieces. Although such lateral bracing is no longer arbitrarily retrofittable, since the lattice pieces themselves must have the connection points. However, it results in this solution, an improved stability, since the already heavily loaded fork-finger joints of the lattice pieces are not additionally burdened.

The present invention further includes a lattice boom with a lateral guy as described above. The lattice boom has a plurality, advantageously a plurality of lattice pieces. The lateral bracing for a lattice boom in this case also has a plurality, advantageously a plurality of support elements, which are arranged or can be arranged laterally on the lattice boom, and connecting elements which connect the support elements in the longitudinal direction of the arm. According to the invention while clamping means for introducing a tensile stress in the connecting elements of the lateral bracing are provided. The support elements are advantageously arranged at regular intervals on the lattice boom. Further advantageously, each grid element is associated with at least one support element.

The present invention further includes a crane having a lattice boom with a lateral bracing as described above. In particular, this is a jib crane with a lattice boom which can be raised in a vertical rocking plane. The lateral bracing can be advantageously used on the main boom, as well as on other arms.

Further advantageously, according to the invention, the tension generated by the clamping means can be varied via the crane control. This makes it possible for the crane operator to increase the tension when a higher lateral stiffness z. B. is required at a steep boom angle and to reduce this in other situations again. Advantageously, the crane control for this purpose has a corresponding operator prompt and appropriate software. Advantageously, the clamping means are hydraulic actuators, for. B. via hydraulic cylinders, which are connected to the hydraulic system of the crane and can be controlled via the crane control.

The present invention further comprises a method of operating a crane with a side-bracing lattice boom, wherein the tension in the lateral bracing is varied in response to the luffing angle of the lattice boom. This makes it possible to adapt the tension applied in the lateral bracing and thus the pressure on the lattice boom to the rocking angle and thus to the specific lifting situation.

Advantageously, the tensile stress is higher in a steep position of the lattice boom than in a less steep position. The lateral bracing is particularly advantageous for steep boom positions, while less Steep boom positions not needed and the lattice boom unnecessarily pressurized. The lattice boom is therefore fully tensioned only at steep rocking angles in order to increase the moment of resistance of the boom against lateral deformation and thus be able to record a high load in this position. With a flat boom angle, the voltage can be reduced again.

In a method according to the invention, therefore, the lattice boom is advantageously first completely assembled, then a first tensile stress is generated in the lateral bracing, then the lattice boom is erected and then the tensile stress is increased to a second value. Now the load can be picked up.

Further advantageously, the tension at a flatter boom angle is then reduced again.

Further advantageously, the present invention comprises a crane control software, in particular a software stored on a data carrier or in a data memory, via which the tension in a lateral bracing of a lattice boom can be varied, in particular for carrying out a method according to the invention. In particular, the software advantageously has a corresponding user guidance. In this way, if the lateral bracing of the present invention are retrofitted to an existing crane, the crane control can be retrofitted accordingly via the software according to the invention.

Figur 1:

eine Draufsicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Gitterauslegers mit einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen seitlichen Abspannung,

Figur 2:

eine Schnittansicht quer zur Längsachse des in Figur 1 gezeigten ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Gitterauslegers mit dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen seitlichen Abspannung,

Figur 3:

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Bolzens zur Verbindung einzelner Gitterstücke eines Gitterauslegers miteinander, welcher gleichzeitig der Verbindung des Gitterauslegers mit der seitlichen Abspannung dient,

Figur 4:

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Bolzens,

Figuren 5a und 5b:

eine Draufsicht eines zweiten und eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Gitterauslegers mit einem zweiten bzw. dritten Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen seitlichen Abspannung,

Figur 6a bis 6c:

eine Draufsicht dreier Ausführungsbeispiele eines Gitterauslegers mit entsprechenden Ausführungsbeispielen der erfindungsgemäßen seitlichen Abspannung, und

Figuren 7 bis 9:

perspektivische Ansichten weiterer Ausführungsbeispiele von Gitterauslegern mit entsprechenden Ausführungsbeispielen der erfindungsgemäßen seitlichen Abspannung.

The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and drawings. Showing:

FIG. 1:

a top view of a first embodiment of a lattice beam with a first embodiment of the lateral bracing according to the invention,

FIG. 2:

a sectional view transverse to the longitudinal axis of in FIG. 1 shown first embodiment of a lattice beam with the first embodiment of the lateral bracing according to the invention,

FIG. 3:

a first embodiment of a bolt according to the invention for connecting individual lattice pieces of a lattice cantilever to each other, which simultaneously serves to connect the lattice arm with the lateral bracing,

FIG. 4:

A second embodiment of the bolt according to the invention,

FIGS. 5a and 5b:

a top view of a second and a third embodiment of a lattice beam with a second and third embodiment of the lateral bracing according to the invention,

FIGS. 6a to 6c:

a plan view of three embodiments of a lattice beam with corresponding embodiments of the lateral bracing according to the invention, and

FIGS. 7 to 9:

Perspective views of other embodiments of lattice beams with corresponding embodiments of the lateral bracing according to the invention.

In FIG. 1 a first embodiment of a lattice boom 1 is shown, which is composed of several lattice pieces 2. The lattice pieces 2 have a rectangular cross-section and are formed of longitudinal struts 3 with cross braces 4. The individual lattice pieces are bolted together at connection points 5. The lowermost lattice piece 6 forms an articulation piece, via which the lattice boom z. B. is articulated on the uppercarriage of a jib crane. The lattice boom can thus be tilted up and down along a vertically extending rocker plane 15. At its free end, the lattice boom a tip not shown here, which is bolted to a lattice piece 2 and over which, when it comes to the main boom, the hoisting rope is guided. A conventional lattice boom has considerably more lattice pieces 2 than the sake of clarity in FIG. 1 illustrated four lattice pieces.

Such long lattice booms are usually tipped over winches and ropes. The rope is attached to the jib tip, so that the lattice boom acts as a push rod. The deflection of the boom in the rocker plane is thus not the primary problem of such lattice boom. In steep boom positions, however, there is the problem of lateral deformation and subsequent lateral breaking of the lattice boom, that is, a deformation transverse to the rocker plane. In addition, wind forces and deformations due to unilateral solar radiation with one-sided heating must be taken into account.

In order to increase the moment of resistance of the lattice cantilever against lateral deformation, that is to say against deformation transverse to the tipping plane 15, the lateral bracing according to the invention is provided, which is arranged symmetrically on both sides of the lattice cantilever 1. The lateral bracing comprises support elements 7, which are bolted to Verbolzstellen 9 with the sides of the lattice boom. Furthermore, connecting elements 8 are provided, which connect the support elements 7 in the longitudinal direction of the arm together. The connecting elements 8 are bolted to connecting points 11 with the support elements 7. By Verbolzbarkeit and thus the releasable connectivity of the individual elements, the lateral bracing can be transported separately from the lattice pieces 2 of the crane, so that a transportability is given on public roads.

Furthermore, according to the invention, a tensioning means 14, in this case a hydraulic cylinder, is provided, via which a tensile stress can be introduced into the connecting elements 8. As a result, the lateral bracing can be stretched and thus put the lattice boom 1 under pressure, so that its moment of resistance rises against lateral deformation. The lateral clamping according to the invention can thus be used both on mobile and stationary lattice boom cranes, wherein the clamping means introduce a tensile stress on the connecting elements in the boom longitudinal direction and put the lattice boom under pressure. In the exemplary embodiment connecting rods are selected as connecting elements. But it can also be used as connecting cables, as these tensile forces must be transmitted.

The connecting elements are spaced over the support elements, in the form of triangles from the main boom. The fasteners can in principle end at any point of the boom, most efficiently, of course, at the outer end of the lattice boom. The lateral bracing is thus provided along the entire length of the lattice boom 1. At the lower end of the bracing is attached to the last lattice piece or on the pivot piece.

The respective last supporting elements 7 are connected via connecting elements with the lattice boom. It is in FIG. 1 shown bottom support member connected to a connecting element 13 which is connected via a connection point 12 with the crane-side end of the lowermost lattice piece, so that in a plane perpendicular to the rocker plane a force triangle is formed, via which the tensile forces can be transmitted from the connecting elements to the lattice boom , The clamping means 14 is integrated in this connection element 13, via which the lowermost support element is connected to the lattice boom. However, the tensioning means 14 could also be arranged in any other connecting element, which, however, would increase the length of the hydraulic lines for driving the hydraulic cylinder.

The support elements 7 are inventively hinged to the articulation points 9 with the lattice boom 1, so that the support elements 7 can respond to the applied tensile force by pivoting about the corresponding axis of rotation. At the top of the support members 7, a hinge member is pivotally connected to the support member 7 at a pivot point 10, wherein the connecting elements 8 can be bolted to this via articulation points 11. The axis of these Verbolzungen between connecting elements and joint element runs parallel to the hinge axis of the joint element. As a result, the support elements can also pivot relative to the connecting elements 8. Likewise, this arrangement facilitates the articulation of the lowermost connecting element 13 with the lowermost support element.

In FIG. 2 is now a section transverse to the longitudinal axis of the in Fig. 1 shown lattice boom 1 shown. The support elements 7 in this case have three struts in the form of a triangle, wherein the base side 18 of the side surface of the lattice boom 1 faces and is bolted to the pivot points 9 with this. The support element 7 can thus be pivoted against the lattice boom 1 about a pivot axis 25, which corresponds to the bolt axis of the connection points 9. The pivot axis 25 thus extends in a plane parallel to the rocker plane 15 of the lattice boom perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lattice arm.

The support elements 7 in this case have two stronger pressure rods 17 and the bottom side designed as a lighter tension rod 18. At the tip of the triangle thus formed, the joint element for connection to the connecting elements 8 is arranged articulated at a point of articulation 10. The pivot axis of this articulation is parallel to the pivot axis 25 of the articulation on the lattice boom. As a result, the support triangles can respond to the tensile force applied by the connecting elements 8 and so do not burden the structure of the lattice boom or itself with bending forces.

The bracing according to the invention is advantageously used on the main boom. In addition to the use of lateral bracing on the main boom of a jib crane, however, the lateral bracing can of course also be attached to all other types of lattice boom, for example to derrick booms, luffing jibs or guy braces.

In order to be able to retrofit the inventive lateral bracing in existing cranes and cantilevers, the support elements 7 are connected via the bolts, which serve to connect the individual lattice pieces 2 of the lattice boom, with the lattice boom. In particular, connecting pieces are used for this, via which the bolts are connected to the support elements 7. As a result, no tabs must be attached to the lattice pieces. Two embodiments of such bolts or connecting pieces are in FIGS. 3 and 4 shown.

About the pin 16 while a fork-finger connection between the individual lattice pieces of the lattice arm is made, is bolted in the fingers 19 with the fork 20 on the pin 16. At one of its ends, the bolt according to the invention now has a connecting piece 21 for the articulation of the support elements 7. At the other end, however, the bolt is secured as usual. Also, the connection of the bolt 16 with the support elements 7 takes place as a fork-finger connection, wherein executed in both embodiments, the fork bolt receptacle 22 of the connecting piece 21 at the pivot point 9 with the finger 24 of the support member 7 is bolted. The bolts 16 are aligned so that the Verbolzungsachse between the connecting element 21 and the support member 7 as in FIG. 2 shown runs and so forms the pivot axis 25 between the lattice boom and support member.

In FIGS. 3 and 4 In this case, two different connection possibilities between the connecting pieces 21 and the bolt 16 are shown. On the outside of the lattice pieces 2 no fixed extensions may be provided in order not to lose the transportability in public traffic. The connecting pieces 21 therefore have a bolt receptacle 22 for bolting to the support member 7 and a detachable connection with the bolt 16 in order to be mounted only at the site and so not to increase the width of the lattice pieces during transport. On the side facing away from the bolt receptacle 22 for bolting to the support element 7, the connecting pieces have a receptacle running perpendicular to the bolt receptacle 22, with which they engage be pushed onto the top of the bolt 16. In FIG. 3 the connector 21 is then bolted to the bolt 16. In FIG. 4 in contrast, a screw 23 is provided, with which the connecting piece 21 is screwed to the bolt 16 in the axial direction. Likewise, other connection options are conceivable.

For the lateral bracing according to the invention, in principle, several embodiments are conceivable, which differ in terms of manufacturing effort, ease of use and mode of operation. These different possibilities of lateral bracing according to the invention and different embodiments of the lattice boom according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS FIGS. 5 to 9 shown embodiments will be discussed again in more detail.

As alternatives, this results in particular in a parallel lateral bracing, in which the support elements have the same length and so extend the connecting elements between the support elements parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lattice arm, and an embodiment in which the support elements have different lengths, so that the distance the connecting elements and thus the Seitenabspannung from the longitudinal axis and thus changes from the side surfaces of the lattice boom. Of particular advantage is a parabolic Seitenabspannung.

In the lateral bracing according to the invention, suitably staggered rods or tubes are used as connecting elements, which are easy to handle and have high stability and rigidity. As a result, the necessary clamping forces in the crawler crane area can be realized. The support elements arranged along the boom are used to stabilize the bracing, to prevent sagging in flat boom positions and to enable the erection and disassembly in the first place. The present invention thus differs significantly from free bracing with only one guy support and ropes, as they were already realized in telescopic cranes as Y-bracing. The necessary for lattice boom especially in the crawler crane area Stability can not be achieved with such free bracing, at least with manageable cable cross sections.

When using the same length support elements over the entire boom length results in a parallel Seitenabspannung, which converges again only at the boom head. All intermediate support elements are therefore identical. They only carry the weight of the bracing in flat positions and when erecting. Only the top and bottom support elements are made stronger due to the higher stress from the deflection forces. The parallel bracing can therefore be easily adapted to different boom lengths.

Through the use of support elements of different lengths, it comes at each base to a deflection of the bracing. Thus, a lateral force is introduced into the boom by each support element. The transverse moment in the boom can be controlled quite accurately in this way. The use of parabolic converging support element lengths consistently results in very favorable torque curves. The parabolic curve can be adjusted so that at each base the same lateral force is introduced into the boom. This measure optimizes the bearing behavior of the boom and reduces the calculation / design effort for the components involved. The shorter support elements in the upper boom area also reduces the head weight and reduces the overall system width in the head area. The adaptation to different boom lengths can then take place, for example, by the sectional arrangement of support elements of equal length in the lower and parabolic stepped support elements in the upper boom area, as shown in FIG FIGS. 6a to 6c is shown.

The suspension of the inner support elements on the lattice pieces should be carried out expediently in height of the posts, since lateral forces can be well introduced into the support structure here. The attachment to the busy fork-finger connections is more problematic. If necessary, this must be taken into account for easier retrofitting.

Furthermore, the biasing of the lateral bracing is essential to achieve high load increases, since the boom has otherwise been running very large lateral deformations until sufficient bracing forces are activated. To avoid this, high preload forces are necessary.

• Asymmetrisch, Weg-gesteuert
• Bei einer asymmetrischen Weg-gesteuerten Vorspannung wird der Ausleger in jeder Betriebssituation auf beiden Seiten individuell mit immer nur so viel Vorspannkraft, wie gerade notwendig ist, abgespannt. Dies erfordert eine aufwendige Steuerung auf Grundlage einer exakten Messung der seitlichen Auswanderung des Auslegerkopfes.

Regardless of the chosen form of lateral bracing, two different possibilities of prestressing are conceivable:

• Asymmetric, path-controlled
• In an asymmetric path-controlled preload, the boom in each operating situation on both sides individually with only as much biasing force, as is necessary just tensions. This requires a complex control based on an accurate measurement of the lateral migration of the boom head.

Symmetrical, power-controlled

In a symmetrical, force-controlled preload, the side guy is tensioned symmetrically on both sides until a predetermined force is reached, then the clamping devices are locked.

• Figur 5a zeigt dabei ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Gitterauslegers, welches im wesentlichen dem ersten, in Figur 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel entspricht. Die Seitenabspannung umfaßt dabei wieder Stützelemente 7, welche an den Gitterstücken 2 des Gitterauslegers seitlich angeordnet sind und durch die Verbindungselemente 8 miteinander verbunden sind. Die Seitenabspannung mit den Verbindungselementen 8 verläuft dabei im wesentlichen parallel zur Hauptachse des Gitterauslegers. Durch Spannmittel 14 kann dabei eine Zugspannung in die Seitenabspannung eingebracht werden. Neben dem Anlenkstück 6 ist hier auch ein Kopfstück 35 gezeigt, an welchem das letzte Verbindungselement 34 befestigt ist. Die jeweils äußeren Stützelemente 32 und 33 sind gegebenenfalls stärker ausgeführt, während die inneren Stützelemente 7 identisch ausgeführt sein können. Der Gitterausleger weist dabei eine Vielzahl von Gitterelementen 2 auf, welche an Verbindungspunkten 5 miteinander verbolzt sind. Entsprechend ist auch eine Vielzahl von Stützelementen 7 vorgesehen. Dabei ist zumindest in einem Teilbereich jedem Gitterelement des Gitterauslegers jeweils ein Stützelementpaar 7 zugeordnet.

The individual in FIGS. 5 to 9 illustrated embodiments of the lattice boom according to the invention will now be briefly shown again in detail:

• FIG. 5a shows an embodiment of a lattice boom according to the invention, which essentially corresponds to the first, in FIG. 1 shown embodiment corresponds. The lateral bracing again comprises support elements 7, which are arranged laterally on the lattice pieces 2 of the lattice boom and are interconnected by the connecting elements 8. The Seitenabspannung with the connecting elements 8 extends substantially parallel to the main axis of the lattice boom. By tensioning means 14 while a tensile stress can be introduced into the Seitenabspannung. In addition to the pivot piece 6, a head piece 35 is shown here, to which the last connecting element 34 is attached. The respective outer support members 32 and 33 are optionally made stronger, while the inner support members 7 may be made identical. The lattice boom in this case has a multiplicity of lattice elements 2, which are bolted to one another at connection points 5. Accordingly, a plurality of support elements 7 is provided. In this case, each support element pair 7 is assigned to each grid element of the grid cantilever, at least in one subarea.

In FIG. 5b a further embodiment of a lattice boom according to the invention is shown, in which the individual support elements 70 to 73 have different lengths, so that the distance of the connecting elements 80 to 83 from the longitudinal axis of the lattice boom or of its side surfaces over the length of the lattice boom varies. The exemplary embodiment has the particularly favorable parabolic arrangement of the lateral bracing.

It is in FIG. 5b also the total width B of a lattice boom including the side guy according to the invention drawn, which in the present invention can be more than 10 m, in particular more than 15 m.

In FIGS. 6a to 6c Further embodiments are shown with a parabolic lateral bracing at least in a portion of the lattice beam. In this case, the length of the Seitenabspannungen is adapted to the length of the lattice boom, in addition to the support elements 70 to 73 with different lengths optionally further support elements 70 are inserted with the same length as the lowermost support element of the parabolic shape. This results in a partial area with a parallel guidance of the lateral bracing and a partial area with a parabolic guidance of the lateral bracing.

FIGS. 7a and 7b show embodiments of the present invention lattice boom 1 with a lateral bracing according to the invention, wherein in Figure 7a again a parallel Seitenabspannung and in Figure 7b is shown in a partial area parabolic Seitenabspannung. These are the in FIGS. 7a and 7b shown lattice boom systems to an S-boom system with a main boom 1 with inventive side guy, a derrick boom 80 and a derrick ballast 81. The top of the over the inventive side guy guyed main boom 1 at the same time represents the top of the Gesamtauslegers.

In FIGS. 8 and 9 On the other hand, SW jibs are shown in which the lattice jib 1 with the side guy according to the invention forms only a part of the main jib. In addition to the laterally guyed lattice boom 1 with the derrick boom 81 and the derrick ballast 82, a further boom 83 is provided at the tip of the lattice boom 1, which is braced by support arms 84 and extends the main boom.

In FIGS. 8a and 9a parallel embodiments of the Seitenabspannung are shown, wherein by a different number of grid elements 2 of the lattice boom 1 and a correspondingly different number of support elements and

Connecting elements different lengths of the lattice boom 1 can be achieved.

In FIGS. 8b and 9b In contrast, embodiments are shown with at least partial parabolic Seitenabspannung. Again, the in FIG. 9b shown greater length of the laterally gripped lattice beam 1 achieved by a higher number of grid elements 2 and correspondingly increased number of support elements and connecting elements. In this case, several identical support elements are used in the lower area to adjust the length of the Seitenabspannung to the length of the boom 1. In the upper area, however, are the support elements with used different lengths, so that there again results in a parabolic guidance of the lateral bracing.

The lateral bracing according to the invention can thus be used in cantilevers of a plurality of lattice pieces, in particular in lattice beams of four or more lattice pieces. Accordingly, a plurality of side elements and connecting pieces is used, in particular four or more support element pairs and pairs of connecting elements. The connecting elements are advantageously designed according to the invention of a rigid material.

In the following, a method for erecting the boom or for operating the jib crane is shown. First of all, the lattice boom is completely assembled, including a possible derrick, jib and guy braces. The lateral bracing is attached and slightly tensioned. Then the boom is raised. Since the lateral bracing is advantageous only in a steep boom position, it is fully tensioned only in this position, so that the lattice boom is pressurized. Only then will the load be picked up. On the other hand, with a flat boom angle, the tension is reduced again.

The effect of the lateral bracing is that the moment of resistance of the boom increases against lateral deformation and that at each connection between the lattice pieces of the boom is pulled straight back from the clamping triangles. The fasteners are placed under tension. As a result, the boom is pressurized along its longitudinal axis. In addition, the support elements laterally introduce a compressive force into the boom and thus reduce lateral deflection of the entire boom.

The present invention further includes a corresponding lattice boom crane. Advantageously, the lattice boom is winnable relative to the crane in a vertically extending rocker plane. In particular, the lattice boom is hinged thereto pivotable about a horizontal axis on the crane. According to the invention The lattice boom now has a lateral bracing as described above. Likewise, however, such a lateral bracing can be used in addition to the main boom in other lattice outriggers. The crane may be a mobile or a stationary crane. Advantageously, while the upper carriage of the crane is rotatable about a vertical axis. If it is a mobile crane, the undercarriage is movable. The jib crane according to the invention has by the lateral bracing, especially at steep boom angle to a significantly improved load, so that high loads can be lifted with the crane.

Furthermore, the present invention has a control software, via which the crane control can control the clamping means of the lateral bracing according to the invention, so that the variation of the tensile stress according to the invention takes place in the connecting elements. For this purpose, the software advantageously has a corresponding operating menu with a corresponding user guidance. If the lateral bracing according to the invention is retrofitted to existing lattice outriggers, the control of existing cranes can also be adapted to the lateral bracing via the corresponding control software.

Claims (15)

Lateral bracing for a lattice boom of a crane, comprising a plurality of support elements arranged laterally on the lattice boom or can be arranged, and connecting elements which connect the support elements in the longitudinal direction of the boom, wherein the lateral bracing has tensioning means for introducing a tensile stress in the connecting elements. Lateral bracing in particular according to claim 1, wherein the support elements are releasably connectable to the sides of the lattice boom, in particular be bolted. Lateral bracing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the support elements are hinged or connected to the sides of the lattice boom. Lateral bracing according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support elements are releasably connected to the connecting elements, in particular can be bolted and / or hingedly connected to the connecting elements or connectable. Lateral bracing according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support elements have three struts in the form of a triangle whose base side is laterally bolted to the lattice boom and whose tip is connected to the connecting elements or connectable. Lateral bracing according to one of the preceding claims, wherein support elements of different lengths are used, so that the distance of the connecting elements from the longitudinal axis of the lattice boom over the length of the lattice cantilever changes and advantageously decreases towards the tip, wherein the connecting elements further advantageously at least in a portion of the Lattice cantilever substantially parabolic. Lateral bracing according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support elements are connected or connectable with the bolts with which the individual lattice pieces of the lattice cantilever are bolted together, wherein the bolts with which the individual lattice pieces of the lattice cantilever are bolted together, advantageously a bolt receptacle for Have bolted with the connecting elements. Bolt for connecting individual lattice pieces of a lattice arm together, which are connected or connectable with a lateral bracing, wherein the bolts advantageously have a bolt receptacle for Verbolzung with the lateral bracing. Connector for connecting a bolt according to claim 8 with a lateral bracing. Lattice boom with a lateral bracing according to one of the preceding claims. Crane with lattice boom with a lateral bracing according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tensile stress generated by the clamping means can advantageously be varied via the crane control. Method for operating a crane with a lattice boom with lateral bracing,
characterized,
that the tension in the lateral bracing is varied in dependence on the luffing angle of the lattice boom, the tension being advantageously higher at a steep position of the lattice boom than at a less steep position. The method of claim 12, wherein the lattice boom is first completely assembled, then a first tension in the lateral bracing is generated, then the lattice boom is erected and then the tension is increased to a second value. The method of claim 13, wherein the tension is reduced again at a shallower boom angle. Crane control software, in particular on a data carrier or in a data storage stored crane control software over which the tension can be varied in a lateral bracing a lattice boom, in particular for performing a method according to any one of the preceding claims.

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