EP2062317A1 - Brennstoffzellensystem und verfahren zum starten eines brennstoffzellensystems - Google Patents
Brennstoffzellensystem und verfahren zum starten eines brennstoffzellensystemsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2062317A1 EP2062317A1 EP07801204A EP07801204A EP2062317A1 EP 2062317 A1 EP2062317 A1 EP 2062317A1 EP 07801204 A EP07801204 A EP 07801204A EP 07801204 A EP07801204 A EP 07801204A EP 2062317 A1 EP2062317 A1 EP 2062317A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- fuel
- starting
- cell system
- supplied
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for starting a fuel cell system with a reformer and a fuel cell stack, wherein the reformer during a first start phase oxygen and fuel with a first the
- the invention relates to a fuel cell system with a reformer and a fuel cell stack, wherein
- the reformer during a first start phase oxygen and fuel with a first air-fuel ratio characterizing air ratio A 1 can be supplied, wherein the reformer during a second start phase oxygen and fuel with a second, the fuel-air ratio
- SOFC fuel cell systems (“Solid Oxide Fuel Cell”) have operating temperatures above 800 ° C. These must be achieved in a start-up phase.
- the required heat energy is made available to the fuel cell stack by the hot gases flowing out of the reformer and by preheated cathode feed air.
- the reformer provides a high heat yield available, if this is operated as a burner, that is, in particular with a fuel-air ratio characterizing air ratio ⁇ , which is above 1 ( ⁇ > 1). If a certain temperature is reached, so that there is a system that is fundamentally functional with regard to power generation, then the reformer is switched to the reforming mode, that is, to an air ratio below 1, for example 0.4 or below.
- the change in the air ratio can be effected, for example, by supplying additional fuel via a secondary fuel feed.
- Such a system with a secondary fuel supply is disclosed, for example, in DE 103 59 205 A1.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for starting a fuel cell system and such a fuel cell system available, so that • a reliable and virtually delay-free monitoring of the transition between the starting phases of a fuel cell system is achieved.
- the invention is based on the generic method in that the transition from the first start phase to the second start phase is monitored by detecting an electrical voltage supplied by the fuel cell stack.
- the electrical voltage supplied by the fuel cell stack depends largely on whether the reformer works in the manner of a burner or whether the reforming operation has already been successfully initiated. By providing a reduced air ratio, which is characteristic of the reforming operation, the cell voltage increases abruptly. If this increase is recognized, then the transition to the second start phase, which is already being reformed, was successful. Otherwise, the transition failed.
- electrical voltage for the monitoring of the starting phase the voltage supplied by the entire fuel cell stack be used. Alternatively, a single cell voltage or the voltages supplied by certain groups of fuel cells may serve the purpose of monitoring.
- the transition from the first start phase to the second start phase is initiated as a function of a temperature.
- an SOFC fuel cell stack can deliver a voltage that is critically dependent on the air ratio of the mixture fed to the reformer. Consequently, it is useful to limit the voltage-dependent monitoring of the starting process to temperatures above, for example, 300 ° C. This is useful anyway, as below these temperatures another burner operation is beneficial.
- the invention is further developed in a particularly advantageous manner in that a proper transition from the first to the second start phase is detected when the electrical voltage supplied by the fuel cell stack exceeds a predetermined voltage value.
- the absolute value of the voltage supplied by the fuel cell stack can thus be used as a criterion for the monitoring according to the invention.
- a proper transition from the first to the second start phase is detected when the voltage supplied by the fuel cell stack increases by a predetermined voltage value.
- the difference between the voltage supplied by the fuel cell stack during the first starting phase and the second starting phase can thus be used as a characteristic variable in the monitoring.
- the predetermined voltage value is determined on the basis of empirically determined values.
- the predetermined voltage value is fixed on the basis of a theoretically determined fuel cell voltage. According to the Nernst equation
- the invention is based on the generic fuel cell system in that the transition from the first starting phase to the second starting phase can be monitored by detecting an electrical voltage supplied by the fuel cell stack.
- the advantages and peculiarities of the method according to the invention are also realized in the context of a fuel cell system. This also applies to the following particularly preferred embodiments of the fuel cell system according to the invention.
- the fuel cell system has an electronic has control to monitor its launch.
- an electronic controller is preferably equipped with a memory. It either serves the sole control of the fuel cell system, or takes over control functions of components outside of the fuel cell system, for example in a vehicle.
- the electronic control can be integrated into another control of a motor vehicle, for example a so-called on-board computer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell system
- Figure 2 shows a temperature-time course and a dependent air-time course
- FIG. 3 shows a flow chart for explaining a method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell system comprises a fuel supply device 26, that is to say in particular a fuel pump, and an air feed 28, that is to say in particular a blower, which are coupled on the input side to a reformer 10.
- the reformer 10 is coupled to the anode side of a fuel cell stack 12.
- the cathode side of the fuel cell stack 12 is connected to an air supply device 30, that is to say in particular a blower, in connection.
- the fuel cell stack 12 is equipped with a temperature sensor 24.
- the fuel cell stack 12 is connected to an afterburner 32, which likewise communicates with an air supply device 34, that is to say in particular a blower.
- An electronic controller 20 is provided with a memory 22 which is in communication with sensors of the system, that is in particular the temperature sensor 24 of the fuel cell stack 12 for the reception of signals.
- the controller 20 is further connected to the fuel supply device 26 and the air supply lines 28, 30, 34 in connection to control their operation or influence in the context of a scheme.
- the controller is suitable for detecting the voltage of individual cells and / or the total voltage of the fuel cell stack 12.
- the fuel pump 26 and the air blower 28 convey fuel 14 and air 16 into the reformer 10.
- a hydrogen-rich reformate 18 is produced in the reformer, which is fed to the anode side 12 of the fuel cell stack.
- the cathode side of the fuel cell stack 12 is supplied with cathode feed air via the blower 30. This cathode feed is usefully preheated.
- the depleted in the fuel cell stack 12 reformate 36 is supplied to an afterburner 32, which is also supplied with air through the blower 34 for carrying out the preferably residue-free combustion.
- the afterburner 32 exits exhaust gas 38.
- the thermal energy of the exhaust gas 38 can be reintroduced into the heat balance of the exhaust gas 38
- Fuel cell system can be coupled, for example, to preheat the promoted via the blower 30 cathode feed.
- the air ratio ⁇ with which the reformer 10 is operated, depending on the temperature sensor 24 measured by the temperature of the fuel cell stack 12 by influencing the fuel pump 26 and / or the air blower 28 via the controller 20 is set .
- the adjustment is made so that non-critical air-temperature combinations are adjusted, in particular with regard to the deposition of soot in the Brennstoffzellensta- pel 12 and the oxidation of the anode material in the fuel cell stack 12, since at low temperatures and low air ratios, excessive soot formation, while At high temperatures and high air ratios undesirable oxidation of the fuel cell anode may occur.
- FIG. 2 shows a temperature-time profile and a dependent air-fuel time curve.
- the temperature T stack is based on an initial temperature value, for example, the room temperature, and then increases rapidly to temperatures in the range of 500 0 C, and then approach the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack of about 850 0 C.
- the air value values ⁇ which are to be set at certain temperatures T stack , are usefully stored in a control in the form of a table.
- Tg t ack can also be an empirically determined temperature Tstack be deposited in a memory of a controller as a function of time.
- a switchover between the burner operation and the reforming operation takes place at approximately 300 ° C.
- This switching can be done by abruptly lowering the air ratio or, as shown in Figure 2, gradual or continuous reduction of the air ratio. If a corresponding jump is registered in the voltage supplied by the fuel cell stack, then it can be assumed that the second starting phase has been properly initiated and thus ultimately also the reforming process. In the absence of such a voltage jump, the transition into the reforming process has failed.
- FIG. 3 shows a flow chart for explaining a method according to the invention.
- step S02 Burner operated (step SOl) during this first start phase, it is checked in step S02 whether the temperature of the system, for example, the temperature of the fuel cell stack, above a threshold temperature T 3 . If this is not the case, then the first start phase is continued according to step SO1. However, if the threshold temperature T s is exceeded, the fuel cell system is brought into the second start phase (step S03). whether this has been successful is checked in step S04, namely by comparing the cell voltage U with a threshold voltage U s . If the cell voltage exceeds the threshold voltage U s , it follows that the second starting phase, that is, the reforming operation, has been successfully initiated (step S05).
- step S06 If the value exceeds the value determined in step S04 If, however, the voltage was not applied to the threshold voltage U s , an unsuccessful initiation of the second starting phase, that is to say of the reforming operation, is determined according to step S06. This error can be reacted in various ways, for example by switching off the system, restarting the system, outputting an error message or the like.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006043349A DE102006043349A1 (de) | 2006-09-15 | 2006-09-15 | Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Starten eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
PCT/DE2007/001366 WO2008031382A1 (de) | 2006-09-15 | 2007-08-01 | Brennstoffzellensystem und verfahren zum starten eines brennstoffzellensystems |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2062317A1 true EP2062317A1 (de) | 2009-05-27 |
Family
ID=38723013
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07801204A Withdrawn EP2062317A1 (de) | 2006-09-15 | 2007-08-01 | Brennstoffzellensystem und verfahren zum starten eines brennstoffzellensystems |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100040917A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2062317A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2010503952A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101589497A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2007295724A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2662378A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102006043349A1 (de) |
EA (1) | EA200970220A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008031382A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021100954A1 (de) | 2021-01-19 | 2022-07-21 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Testsystem und Verfahren zum Einfahren und Testen von Brennstoffzellen |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5985474A (en) * | 1998-08-26 | 1999-11-16 | Plug Power, L.L.C. | Integrated full processor, furnace, and fuel cell system for providing heat and electrical power to a building |
JP2002543033A (ja) * | 1999-05-03 | 2002-12-17 | ヌーベラ ヒューエル セルズ | 一体化されたシフト床、優先酸化反応装置、補助反応装置及び装置制御機構を有する自己熱交換式改質装置 |
US7025903B2 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2006-04-11 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Reformer system process |
DE10142578A1 (de) * | 2001-09-02 | 2003-04-10 | Webasto Thermosysteme Gmbh | System zum Erzeugen elektrischer Energie und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Systems zum Erzeugen elektrischer Energie |
JP3826770B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-16 | 2006-09-27 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料改質システム |
JP3807361B2 (ja) * | 2002-02-08 | 2006-08-09 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料改質システムおよび燃料電池システム |
US6893756B2 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2005-05-17 | General Motors Corporation | Lambda sensing with a fuel cell stack |
US7147945B2 (en) * | 2002-09-16 | 2006-12-12 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | System for determining a gas composition within a shut down fuel cell power plant and method of operation |
DE10358933A1 (de) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-07-28 | Webasto Ag | Bestimmung des Lambdawertes von Reformat |
DE10359205B4 (de) * | 2003-12-17 | 2007-09-06 | Webasto Ag | Reformer und Verfahren zum Umsetzen von Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel zu Reformat |
DE102004001310A1 (de) * | 2004-01-07 | 2005-08-11 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Anlage zur Wasserdampfreformierung eines Kohlenwasserstoffgases |
-
2006
- 2006-09-15 DE DE102006043349A patent/DE102006043349A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2007
- 2007-08-01 CN CNA2007800339729A patent/CN101589497A/zh active Pending
- 2007-08-01 WO PCT/DE2007/001366 patent/WO2008031382A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-08-01 JP JP2009527684A patent/JP2010503952A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-08-01 CA CA002662378A patent/CA2662378A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-01 EP EP07801204A patent/EP2062317A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-08-01 US US12/440,217 patent/US20100040917A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-01 EA EA200970220A patent/EA200970220A1/ru unknown
- 2007-08-01 AU AU2007295724A patent/AU2007295724A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2008031382A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2007295724A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
CN101589497A (zh) | 2009-11-25 |
CA2662378A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
DE102006043349A1 (de) | 2008-03-27 |
JP2010503952A (ja) | 2010-02-04 |
EA200970220A1 (ru) | 2009-08-28 |
US20100040917A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
WO2008031382A1 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20090306 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
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AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA HR MK RS |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: ROSIN, HENRY Inventor name: GUENTHER, NORBERT Inventor name: KAEDING, STEFAN |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20090710 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20100824 |