EP2059756A1 - Procédé et dispositif de déshydratation et de traitement spécifique du flux de substances, de déchets grossiers compatibles avec l'aération - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de déshydratation et de traitement spécifique du flux de substances, de déchets grossiers compatibles avec l'aération

Info

Publication number
EP2059756A1
EP2059756A1 EP07785636A EP07785636A EP2059756A1 EP 2059756 A1 EP2059756 A1 EP 2059756A1 EP 07785636 A EP07785636 A EP 07785636A EP 07785636 A EP07785636 A EP 07785636A EP 2059756 A1 EP2059756 A1 EP 2059756A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drying
air
cooling
tunnel dryer
waste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07785636A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Reinhard Schu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renusol Europe GmbH
Original Assignee
Ecoenergy Gesellschaft fuer Energie und Umwelttechnik mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ecoenergy Gesellschaft fuer Energie und Umwelttechnik mbH filed Critical Ecoenergy Gesellschaft fuer Energie und Umwelttechnik mbH
Publication of EP2059756A1 publication Critical patent/EP2059756A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/26—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating conveyors propelling materials over stationary surfaces; with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating shelves, sieves, or trays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B1/00—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly

Definitions

  • waste such as screen overflow from municipal waste or commercial waste, packaging waste, biomass, wood chips is required in the sense of a sustainable economy.
  • the recovery of valuable materials from waste takes place by separating the materially or energetically utilisable components contained therein.
  • the separation can be carried out, for example, by selective comminution with subsequent classification into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction.
  • the high-calorific coarse fraction can then be used directly without further treatment in a substitute fuel recycling plant.
  • a further treatment of the coarse fraction with the aim of obtaining fractions that can be recycled in terms of material or energy can be used.
  • This object is also pursued by the present invention, which provides a method and an apparatus for the drying and material-flow-specific treatment of aerated, coarse-grained waste, i. relates to a mixture of low bulk density.
  • the method can also be used, for example, for drying biomass, such as wood chips.
  • DE 196 49 901 A1 discloses the dry stabilization process as a cold air drying process.
  • the biological drying should be achieved here by using the self-heating of the waste mixture in conjunction with a forced ventilation and energy return by means of heat exchangers.
  • the energy for drying is mainly produced by oxidation of organic ingredients in the waste due to micro-bacterial processes (composting). Disadvantages of this method are a high exhaust air volume flow of 4,000 - 6,000 m 3 / Mg and a high residence time of 7-10 days to dry the waste.
  • the heat energy required for drying is primarily brought to the dry material from the outside by preheated air.
  • Waste management knows, for example, methods in which dryers are used, which are operated with the primary energy source natural gas. In this case, high hot air temperatures are often achieved, so that in the drying of heterogeneous waste, such as solvent-containing mixtures, fire hazard may exist.
  • an exhaust gas purification of the not small flue gases and a subset of the exhaust air from the dryer is required.
  • the hot air drying is a comminution of the material to a particle size below 40 mm ahead. However, this is disadvantageous for the subsequent fractionation with the aim of high-quality material recycling.
  • Intensive dryers with short residence times and high drying temperatures are already used today for drying domestic hot air and / or the high-calorific fraction from municipal waste.
  • the intensive dryers require a high degree of preparation of the material to be dried before drying.
  • Drum dryers are known, which are usually heated with the noble fuel natural gas.
  • the Exhaust air is cleaned by scrubber, fabric filter and regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO).
  • RTO regenerative thermal oxidation
  • the material must be shredded to a grain size ⁇ 40 mm for drum dryers. Due to the associated homogenization, subsequent material separation is hardly possible.
  • Due to the high temperatures there is an increased risk of fire as well as a negative change in the material properties of usable substances, for example recyclable plastics.
  • the waste is subjected to hot air drying in a tunnel dryer in a first step, followed by the further steps screening for separation of the fine material, preferably with a particle size ⁇ 40 mm, air classification, metal deposition and optical sorting and crushing of the residual fraction, preferably a grain size ⁇ 40 mm, and return the crushed residual fraction in the tunnel dryer follow.
  • the advantages of this method are essentially in an improvement of the separation properties, for example in the screening or air classification, and in achieving a storage stability of the separated recyclables by dry stabilization.
  • advantageous side effects are further to mention an increase in the calorific value in the energetic utilization and the setting of a favorable for a subsequent pelleting residual moisture content of about 8 to 12%.
  • the hot air drying is carried out substantially in the recirculation mode, wherein the supply air, that is, the circulating air supplied to the drying process, is preheated to temperatures of about 85 ° Celsius.
  • the supply air that is, the circulating air supplied to the drying process.
  • the use of low-temperature waste heat of less than 100 ° Celsius results in a reduction of the drying costs, which already account for about 50% of the energy costs.
  • the safety regulations with regard to the risk of fire and explosion in the event of the possible presence of solvents can be met by exceeding the maximum surface temperatures (see Directive 1999/92 / EC of 16 December 1999).
  • the recirculating air used as drying air must be dehumidified for reuse and then cooled down.
  • a two-stage cooling system is used for the exhaust air cooling, wherein the first stage of the cooling takes place via an air cooling and the second stage via a hybrid cooling.
  • the exhaust air i. in the first stage of cooling in a spray condenser or spray washer washed wet, with depending on the inlet temperature, a cooling to 40 to 45 ° Celsius (cooling limit temperature) takes place.
  • the dust and pollutants and odors contained in the circulating air e.g. Washed out ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.
  • the condensate / wash water of the first stage is pollutant-containing and must be treated prior to its discharge, depending on the wastewater discharge conditions.
  • the circulating air enters the condenser, which is designed as a hybrid cooling tower.
  • the circulating air is cooled to preferably less than 30 to 35 ° Celsius.
  • the resulting condensate is only slightly loaded and can be recycled after a wastewater treatment as cooling water in the hybrid cooling tower.
  • the cooled and dehumidified circulating air is now reheated to a drying temperature of more than 80 ° Celsius, preferably using waste heat at a temperature level of about 90 to 100 ° Celsius. If not enough waste heat is available, the use of a heat pump is optionally possible. After a preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the energy for heating and / or cooling of the circulating air is provided via the use of a heat pump.
  • the drying can also be operated largely free from exhaust air, whereby the exhaust air emissions are significantly reduced compared to other drying techniques. It just just creates as much exhaust air, as must be sucked out of the system for leaks.
  • the drying as well as the filling and / or emptying of the tunnel dryer can moreover be carried out fully automatically, whereby additionally the immission of dust and germs for the plant personnel and the environment is minimized.
  • the tunnel dryer is filled via a shaft with movable and reversible distribution belts.
  • the material to be dried simultaneously seals against the feed system.
  • the tunnel dryer in addition to a deduction system that can be carried out with a conveyor or scraper conveyor system, preferably has a pendulum flap, which is additionally metered with a reel system Discharge from the tunnel is provided and at the same time represents an air seal against the exit system. In this way, the burglary of false air is minimized and accordingly the amount of exhaust air is largely reduced.
  • the use of metering devices for metering the material discharge also allows effective and largely trouble-free operation of the other treatment units.
  • a pendulum floor system is used to promote the material to be dried through the tunnel dryer, which allows a mass flow of the dry matter carried by the system.
  • the dump height in the tunnel dryer is between 3 and 6 m, depending on the density.
  • a scraper arranged on the ceiling can be used.
  • the residence time in the tunnel dryer is preferably less than eight hours.
  • the proposed low-temperature drying is a prerequisite for high-quality recycling of the coarse fraction.
  • a maximized material recycling rate is made possible by the further development of positive sorting with fully automated optical recognition systems.
  • the further steps of the process following the drying include a comprehensive treatment, which starts with a sieving at 30 mm to 60 mm, preferably at 40 mm. It serves to separate the fine material, as this would worsen the cleanliness of the flying fraction.
  • the fines are dry-stabilized and suitable for energy recovery.
  • the fine grain having a size between 2 and 8 mm, preferably 5 mm, for example by means of a star screen can be separated from the screened fine fraction, since this is a significant pollutant carrier with respect to heavy metals and salts.
  • the fly fraction is dry-stabilized and can be recycled energetically or after further processing.
  • Another advantage of the previous drying is that the air sifter in dry waste significantly clears sharpener than wet waste.
  • the air classification takes place in two stages.
  • Fe and non-ferrous metals are separated in a further step via a metal separator.
  • the dust-free and dry heavy fraction which preferably has a particle size between 40 and 300 mm, is then fed to an optical sorting (near-infrared, X-ray).
  • optical sorting near-infrared, X-ray
  • all optically detectable recyclables such as PE, PP, PS, PET, PVC, wood, aluminum composites and the like, separated and discharged as recyclable product fractions.
  • Further processing of the product fractions takes place in a separate plant.
  • the remaining, unrecognized heavy fraction is crushed, preferably to a particle size ⁇ 40 mm, and fed back to the drying process to allow a better drying of the coarse materials, whereby an enrichment of fraction fractions can be excluded.
  • the process described above is preferably preceded by a pretreatment of the waste.
  • the stored in a deep or shallow bunker waste are first roughly crushed to a target grain size of ⁇ 150 mm to 350 mm and then by sieving into a nativ-organic and inertstoffreiche fraction ⁇ 40 mm to 120 mm, preferably ⁇ 60 mm to 80 mm , and separated into a high-calorific and plastic-rich superfraction. A metal separation in Gökomfr hope is not required.
  • the plastic-rich oversize or coarse fraction then passes into the tunnel dryer only to carry out the drying.
  • the invention likewise provides an apparatus for carrying out a method as described above.
  • the device is equipped with a tunnel dryer for hot air drying and a screening device, an air classifier, a metal separator and an optical sorting device for the preparation of the dried material and a crusher for the residual fraction attributable to the tunnel dryer.
  • the tunnel dryer has a two-stage cooling system consisting of air cooling and hybrid cooling to cool the exhaust air, i. the circulating air discharged from the tunnel dryer.
  • the tunnel dryer on a pendulum floor system for conveying the material to be dried and a scraper arranged on the ceiling side for adjusting the bed height and metering for a metered material discharge on.
  • the device additionally comprises a temperature detector, by means of which the entry of mica chips in the tunnel dryer can be avoided.
  • a temperature detector by means of which the entry of mica chips in the tunnel dryer can be avoided.
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic sequence of the method steps and the associated device components.
  • the waste consisting of a plastic-rich oversize or coarse fraction of a particle size between 40 and 300 mm is subjected to hot air drying 1 in a tunnel dryer 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the supply of the material in the tunnel dryer 10 via a shaft feed system 11 with traversable and reversible Verteilacib Sn 12 takes place, wherein the dry material 13 is simultaneously a seal against the supply system.
  • the tunnel dryer is designed as an automatically fillable and drainable tunnel.
  • the residence time of the material to be dried in the tunnel is less than eight hours.
  • the tunnel dryer according to FIGS. 2 and 3 is equipped with a pendulum floor system 14, which allows a mass flow of the dry material 13 carried by the system.
  • the dump height in the tunnel dryer is between 3 and 6 m, depending on the density.
  • the tunnel dryer is designed so that via a scraper 15, the bed height in the tunnel can be adjusted depending on the density of the material.
  • the discharge from the tunnel dryer takes place via a conveyor belt 16, wherein a discharge flap 17 ensures a metered discharge of the material.
  • the dosage allows light an effective and largely trouble-free operation of the other processing units 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (see Fig. 1).
  • Recirculating air is used as drying air.
  • the recirculation mode is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the exhaust air 100 from the tunnel dryer 10 is first washed in a spray condenser 110, while the approximately 40 to 45 ° Celsius warm air is cooled by air cooling 101 to about 35 to 38 ° Celsius.
  • the resulting condensate 102 is contaminant-containing and is treated prior to its discharge as wastewater 105 in the condensate treatment 120.
  • the spray condenser 110 After the spray condenser 110, the circulating air enters the condenser 130.
  • the circulating air is further cooled here by means of a hybrid cooling system 103.
  • the resulting condensate 104 is also fed to the condensate treatment 120.
  • the cooled to less than 30 ° C ambient air 106 is then heated again via a heat exchanger 140 to a drying temperature of> 80 ° Celsius.
  • the recirculation mode in addition to a fan 160 include a heat pump 150, which can provide both a portion of the cooling capacity 107 and a portion of the heating power 108.
  • a heat pump 150 is shown in dashed lines, as can be dispensed with the use of a heat pump, if sufficient waste heat 170 is present.
  • Fig. 4 the drying process of the circulating air drying is shown in the Mollier diagram. Evident is the heating of the circulating air to 85 0 CeIsJUS 1 whereby the relative humidity is reduced. The reduction of the circulating air to the cooling limit temperature by the drying and the condensation and thus dehumidification of the circulating air by cooling from the Kühigrenztemperatur to 37 ° Celsius and reheating to 85 ° Celsius are also recognizable.
  • the material flow-specific preparation which comprises the steps of screening 2, air classification 3, metal deposition 4, optical sorting 5 and comminution 6 of the residual fraction for recycling into the tunnel dryer 10, follows.
  • the screening 2 is performed by a screening device 20, wherein the screen is designed such that fines of a particle size ⁇ 30 mm to 60 mm, preferably ⁇ 40 mm are separated.
  • the dry fines 21 are suitable for energy recovery.
  • the air classifier 30 is used primarily for the separation of planar components such as films, paper, cardboard, cardboard and textiles.
  • the separated flight fraction 31 can be recycled either energetically or after further processing.
  • the metal separation 4 is followed by the wind sifting.
  • 40 Fe and non-ferrous metals 41 are deposited from the heavy material of the air sifter through the use of a metal separator.
  • the dust-free and dry heavy fraction with a particle size between 40 and 300 mm is then fed to an optical sorting 5.
  • an optical sorter 50 all optically detectable recyclables, such as PE, PP, PS, PET, PVC, wood, aluminum composites, etc., separated.
  • Usable product fractions 51 are discharged in one step.
  • the remaining, unrecognized heavy fraction is comminuted to a particle size ⁇ 40 mm 6, 60 and fed back to the tunnel dryer 10.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de déshydratation et de traitement spécifique du flux de substances, de déchets grossiers compatibles avec l'aération. Selon l'invention, au cours d'une première phase du procédé, les déchets subissent un séchage à l'air chaud (1) dans un dispositif de séchage en tunnel (10), puis le procédé comprend les phases suivantes : filtrage (2) pour séparer la matière fine de préférence ayant une granulométrie < 40 mm, criblage à l'air (3), dépôt des métaux (4) et triage optique (5) ainsi que fragmentation (6) de la fraction restante de préférence pour obtenir une granulométrie < 40 mm, et réintroduction de la fraction restante fragmentée dans le dispositif de séchage en tunnel (10).
EP07785636A 2006-09-06 2007-07-14 Procédé et dispositif de déshydratation et de traitement spécifique du flux de substances, de déchets grossiers compatibles avec l'aération Withdrawn EP2059756A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610042159 DE102006042159A1 (de) 2006-09-06 2006-09-06 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Trocknung und stoffstromspezifischen Aufbereitung von durchlüftungsfähigen, grobkörnigen Abfällen
PCT/DE2007/001264 WO2008028445A1 (fr) 2006-09-06 2007-07-14 Procédé et dispositif de déshydratation et de traitement spécifique du flux de substances, de déchets grossiers compatibles avec l'aération

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2059756A1 true EP2059756A1 (fr) 2009-05-20

Family

ID=38870605

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07785636A Withdrawn EP2059756A1 (fr) 2006-09-06 2007-07-14 Procédé et dispositif de déshydratation et de traitement spécifique du flux de substances, de déchets grossiers compatibles avec l'aération

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20090277040A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2059756A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2010502927A (fr)
DE (1) DE102006042159A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008028445A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11085697B2 (en) * 2014-05-04 2021-08-10 Nicolas Enrique Giraldo-Wingler Drying of organic materials
CN112161467A (zh) * 2020-10-28 2021-01-01 湖南旺佳环保智能科技有限公司 一种用于硅藻泥生产加工的高效干燥装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090277040A1 (en) 2009-11-12
DE102006042159A1 (de) 2008-03-27
JP2010502927A (ja) 2010-01-28
WO2008028445A1 (fr) 2008-03-13

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