EP2047198B1 - Refroidisseur pour liquide de refroidissement - Google Patents

Refroidisseur pour liquide de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2047198B1
EP2047198B1 EP08759324.0A EP08759324A EP2047198B1 EP 2047198 B1 EP2047198 B1 EP 2047198B1 EP 08759324 A EP08759324 A EP 08759324A EP 2047198 B1 EP2047198 B1 EP 2047198B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
cooling liquid
range
sheet metal
flat tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08759324.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2047198A1 (fr
Inventor
Frank Opferkuch
Jan BÖBEL
Axel Fezer
Klaus Mohrlok
Ulrich SCHÄFFER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Modine Manufacturing Co
Original Assignee
Modine Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Modine Manufacturing Co filed Critical Modine Manufacturing Co
Publication of EP2047198A1 publication Critical patent/EP2047198A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2047198B1 publication Critical patent/EP2047198B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
    • F28F1/128—Fins with openings, e.g. louvered fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to ade endlesskeitkühler for motor vehicles with a brazed cooling system of flat tubes and ribs, made of very thin aluminum sheets, and arranged at the ends of the flat tubes Sammet - or deflection boxes for flowing in the flat tubes coolant, by means of cooling air flowing through the Ribs flows, is cooled.
  • the cooling liquid cooler described in the introduction represents the standard which has been valid for years in such heat exchangers. With the invention described below, this standard is not to be fundamentally changed, but rather optimized in various respects.
  • Compact heat exchangers made of flat tubes and Venetian blind slats are known from the prior art for cooling the drive train of vehicles with internal combustion engines. These are able to achieve the highest cooling performance in the smallest space. In addition to a high volume-related power density but also the lowest possible pressure loss on the coolant side and a low weight are the goal of optimization. At the same time, for reasons of strength, in particular due to thermomechanical loads and by the loads of the cooling network by pressure from the cooling system of the vehicle, the minimum wall thicknesses, especially the flat tubes must be chosen so that the other destinations, such. As the weight reduction and the smallest possible cross-sectional constrictions on the coolant side and the cooling air side (compactness) with low pressure drop, not significantly counteract.
  • the flat tubes often have no or only 1 to 2 inner supports.
  • the pipe heights are in the range of 1.3 mm to 2.0 mm.
  • wall thicknesses greater than 0.20 mm are currently used.
  • the hydraulic diameter (4 x flow area / wetted circumference) is a characteristic variable for the hydraulic behavior. With the mentioned parameters of the pipes without internal use, hydraulic diameters of 1.3 mm to 3.0 mm typically arise on the coolant side.
  • Adeckentechnikkühler which has all but one feature all other features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from US 4,332,293 known.
  • the flat tubes are made of brass and the ribs of copper. Thisdeckenkeitkühler is therefore too heavy and too expensive.
  • the US 5,329,988 is known.
  • Another cooling liquid cooler is off US 4,693,307 known. In it, a solution is presented, which limits the cooling air-side pressure loss by special design of the ribs.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a cost-effectivechenkeitskühlers for motor vehicles whose properties such as in particular high heat transfer performance at comparatively low weight future needs of users should be able to cope in several ways.
  • Each flat tube consists of at least two formed sheet metal strips, wherein at least one of the sheet metal strips forms the wall of the flat tube and another sheet metal strip forms a corrugated, inner channels forming channels therein.
  • the ratio of the constriction factor on the coolant side to the constriction factor on the cooling air side is approximately in the range between 0.20 to 0.44.
  • the hydraulic diameter on the coolant side is approximately in the range between 0.8 to 1.5 mm.
  • each flat tube consists of three formed sheet metal strips, wherein two metal strips form the wall of the flat tube and the third sheet metal strip represents the corrugated, channels forming inner insert in the same.
  • the wall thickness of the flat tube is in the range of 0.10-0.20 mm.
  • the thickness of the inner insert is in the range of 0.03 - 0.10 mm. Because the inner liner can be made from thinner sheet metal, the possibility of weight reduction is extended without neglecting the strength.
  • the constriction factor On the coolant side, the constriction factor is in a range between 0.15 and 0.28. On the cooling air side, however, the constriction factor is in a range between 0.63 and 0.76.
  • the constriction factor is calculated as the ratio of the area through which flows through to the entire end face F of the respective media side.
  • A is the area flowed through.
  • U is the wetted circumference of the area through which it flows.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a view of a cooling liquid cooler according to the invention.
  • the Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a flat tube of the cooling liquid cooler according to the invention.
  • the 3 and 4 show sections of the cooling network of the inventiondeckenkeitskühlers.
  • Fig. 5 - 11 show diagrams showing the difference between the flat tubes of the inventiondeckenkeitskühlers and flat tubes of conventionaldeckenkeitskühlern in several respects.
  • the Fig. 12 shows another flat tube of another cooling liquid cooler according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 presents evaluations of extensive FEM investigations carried out by the inventors
  • Fig. 5 illustrates that the flat tubes 101 of the inventiondeinstallkeitskühlers because of its inner insert c, the is made of a metal strip which is about 0.03 - 0.10 mm thick is much lighter (ordinate) than conventional flat tubes ordeckenkeitkühler. At the same time, they can withstand higher internal pressures (abscissa). With regard to the internal pressure stability, the overlapping of the metal strips a, b, in the narrow sides S of the flat tubes 101 proves to be, which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the 6 and 7 represent the evaluation of extensive thermo-hydraulic calculations.
  • the Fig. 6 makes it clear that cooling liquid cooler according to the invention with such flat tubes 101, at approximately identical pressure loss have a significantly higher specific cooling capacity than the prior art.
  • the upper cloud results represents thedefactkeitkühler invention, including the prior art.
  • the Fig. 7 allows for an identical statement, in contrast to Fig. 6 in the Fig. 7 on the abscissa the pressure loss in the cooling air was considered.
  • the cooling capacity is related to the inlet temperature difference ETD and to the mass of the cooling network.
  • the operating point was a coolant flow of 160kg / (m 2 s) and a cooling air flow of 8.0 kg / (m 2 s).
  • the investigated cooling grid dimensions were 600 mm flat tube length, 445 mm net width and 32 mm net depth.
  • Fig. 8 is the hydraulic diameter on the coolant side, ie the flat tubes 1, on the abscissa, the constriction factor on the coolant side, on the ordinate, faced.
  • coolant was given, which means the cooling liquid in this case.
  • the left cloud with results shows the invention and the right-hand cloud of results represents examinations from the prior art. It can be concluded from the illustration that the hydraulic diameters in the flat tubes 101 of the inventive coolant radiator are generally smaller than in conventional coolant radiators.
  • thermo-hydraulic optimization calculation that in the shown flat tubes 101 with internal insert c with hydraulic diameters in the range between 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm and with a restriction factor on the coolant side in the range of 0.15, 0.28 can achieve the highest weight-specific and also volume-specific cooling performance with simultaneously low coolant-side pressure loss.
  • the advantageous limits were entered by dashed lines.
  • the Fig. 11 is intended to show that flat tubes 11 whose inner inserts c have a pitch T ( Fig. 2 ) between 1, 2 and 3, 5 mm, have occurred particularly frequently at a tube height h in the range between 1.1 mm and about 2.0 mm with respect to the advantageous properties described above.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a front view of the cooling liquid cooler according to the invention.
  • This area F is the end face which is used to determine the constriction factor on the cooling air side.
  • the counter is then the sum of the areas which are traversed by the cooling air, which are directed to the cooling air surfaces of all ribs 102, in other words, the end face F minus the areas occupied by the narrow sides of all flat tubes 101 of the cooling network.
  • the flat tube Fig. 2 was one of the flat tubes 1 of the cooling liquid cooler shown in cross section.
  • the flat tube Fig. 2 is made of three endless metal strips. Two rolled with arcuate edges wall parts are identical, but arranged "reversed", wherein the one edge of one part surrounds one edge of the other part and the other edge of one part is encompassed by the other edge of the other part.
  • the inner insert is inserted between the two wall parts.
  • the 3 and 4 show a section of the cooling network 1, consisting of flat tubes 101 and ribs 102.
  • the ribs 102 are so-called blind ribs 102, which have cuts in the rib edges.
  • the cuts are in 3 and 4 indicated by the numerous parallel line.
  • the rib height H was set between 3 and 8 mm, whereby for inserts in the car range 3 - 5.2 mm are cheaper. For commercial vehicles, for example, rib heights of up to 8 mm can be used.
  • the area F was indicated by a dashed line, which is used to determine the refrigerant flow constriction factor. This surface F corresponds approximately to the area which is encompassed by the collecting box 3 on the outside.
  • the sum of the areas occupied by the flat tube sections is set in relation to the area F and gives the constriction factor on the coolant side.
  • the Fig. 12 shows another flat tube of the cooling liquid cooler according to the invention, which is made of only two metal strips a, c.
  • the figure also shows some manufacturing steps and at the bottom of the finished flat tube 101.
  • the one endless metal strip a which is the wall of the flat tube.
  • a fold is incorporated.
  • a bend B is performed leading to the one narrow side S.
  • This metal strip a has a thickness of 0.12 mm.
  • the inner strip c forming sheet metal strip c is about 0.09 mm thick. It is wavy and created with its one longitudinal edge in the aforementioned bend B inside.
  • the flat tube is closed, wherein the second narrow side S is formed by nesting the formed longitudinal edges of a sheet metal strip a. All flat tubes have the advantage that their narrow sides S are very stable despite the low sheet thickness, as the two Figures 2 and 12 demonstrate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Refroidisseur de liquide de refroidissement pour véhicules automobiles doté d'un réseau de refroidissement brasé (1) composé de tubes plats (101) et d'ailettes (102), fabriqué à partir de tôles d'aluminium très minces (a,b,c) et comportant des caissons de collecte et de déviation (3) disposés aux extrémités des tubes plats (101) pour le liquide de refroidissement s'écoulant dans les tubes plats (101), qui est refroidi au moyen d'air de refroidissement, qui s'écoule à travers les ailettes (102), dans lequel chaque tube plat (101) est constitué d'au moins deux bandes de tôle (a,b,c) façonnées, dans lequel au moins une des bandes de tôle (a,b) forme la paroi du tube plat et l'autre bande de tôle forme dans ce dernier une garniture intérieure (c) ondulée, formant des canaux (10),
    dans lequel l'épaisseur de paroi (d) des tubes plats est comprise dans la plage de 0,10 - 0,25 mm et l'épaisseur de la garniture intérieure (c) est comprise dans la plage de 0,03 - 0,10 mm et dans lequel le diamètre hydraulique sur le côté du liquide de refroidissement est compris dans la plage entre 0,8 et 1,5 mm, caractérisé en ce que les tubes plats présentent dans leurs deux côtés étroits (S) un chevauchement, de sorte que les deux côtés étroits (S) aient une configuration stable et dans lequel le rapport du facteur de rétrécissement du côté du liquide de refroidissement sur le facteur de rétrécissement du côté de l'air de refroidissement est compris dans la
    plage entre 0,20 et 0,44, le facteur de rétrécissement étant le rapport de la surface parcourue par l'écoulement sur la surface avant du côté du fluide respectif.
  2. Refroidisseur de liquide de refroidissement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque tube plat (1) est constitué de trois bandes de tôle façonnées (a,b,c), deux bandes de tôle (a,b) formant la paroi du tube plat et la troisième bande de tôle (c) constituant la garniture intérieure ondulée dans ce dernier.
  3. Refroidisseur de liquide de refroidissement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le facteur de rétrécissement du côté du liquide de refroidissement est situé dans une plage préférée entre 0,15 et 0,28.
  4. Refroidisseur de liquide de refroidissement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le facteur de rétrécissement sur le côté de l'air de refroidissement est -situé dans une plage préférée entre 0,63 et 0,76.
  5. Refroidisseur de liquide de refroidissement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur des ailettes (2) n'est pas supérieure à 0,08 mm, la hauteur (H) des ailettes étant comprise dans la plage de 3, 0 - 8,0 mm.
  6. Refroidisseur de liquide de refroidissement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux parties de paroi (a,b) du tube plat (101) ont une configuration identique et présentent un bord longitudinal avec un arc plus grand et un deuxième bord longitudinal avec un arc plus petit, les parties de paroi (a,b) étant disposées en décalage latéral l'une par rapport à l'autre,
    en ce que les deux parties de paroi s'étendant parallèlement sont assemblées, la garniture intérieure ondulée (c) étant insérée entre les deux parties de paroi (a,b), les parties de paroi étant amenées en prise au niveau de leurs arcs, le plus grand arc d'une partie venant en prise autour d'une partie de l'arc plus petit de l'autre partie et l'arc plus petit d'une partie étant amené en prise sur son pourtour par l'arc plus grand de l'autre partie.
EP08759324.0A 2007-07-17 2008-06-24 Refroidisseur pour liquide de refroidissement Not-in-force EP2047198B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007033177A DE102007033177A1 (de) 2007-07-17 2007-07-17 Kühlflüssigkeitskühler
PCT/EP2008/005065 WO2009010155A1 (fr) 2007-07-17 2008-06-24 Refroidisseur pour liquide de refroidissement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2047198A1 EP2047198A1 (fr) 2009-04-15
EP2047198B1 true EP2047198B1 (fr) 2016-10-26

Family

ID=39735353

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08759324.0A Not-in-force EP2047198B1 (fr) 2007-07-17 2008-06-24 Refroidisseur pour liquide de refroidissement

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8522862B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2047198B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101755184B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0813528B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007033177A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009010155A1 (fr)

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DE102010001566A1 (de) * 2010-02-04 2011-08-04 Behr GmbH & Co. KG, 70469 Flachrohr für einen Niedertemperaturkühler
EP2670542B1 (fr) * 2011-01-31 2020-10-07 MAHLE International GmbH Procédé de fabrication de tube à double nez pour échangeur de chaleur
CN102116591A (zh) * 2011-03-09 2011-07-06 甘肃蓝科石化高新装备股份有限公司 一种空冷器用双面翅片板管结构
US20150144309A1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2015-05-28 Brayton Energy, Llc Flattened Envelope Heat Exchanger
PL228722B1 (pl) * 2014-12-30 2018-04-30 Valeo Autosystemy Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Żebro turbulizujące dla zespołu rurowo-żebrowego przystosowanego dla wymiennika ciepła, walec kształtujący żebro turbulizujące oraz zespół składający się z rury dla wymiennika ciepła i żebra turbulizującego oraz wymiennik ciepła
KR20170015146A (ko) * 2015-07-31 2017-02-08 엘지전자 주식회사 열교환기
JP2018009731A (ja) * 2016-07-13 2018-01-18 株式会社ティラド 熱交換器のコア部構造
NL2018753B1 (en) * 2017-04-20 2018-05-08 Apex Int Holding B V Gas Flow Conditioner Device for a Heat Exchanger
EP3473961B1 (fr) 2017-10-20 2020-12-02 Api Heat Transfer, Inc. Échangeur de chaleur
EP3521745B1 (fr) * 2018-02-06 2022-10-05 Valeo Autosystemy SP. Z.O.O. Ensemble ailette et tube plat d'un échangeur de chaleur

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US5185925A (en) * 1992-01-29 1993-02-16 General Motors Corporation Method of manufacturing a tube for a heat exchanger
JP2001165587A (ja) * 1999-12-06 2001-06-22 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 熱交換器用チューブ

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JPS56155391A (en) 1980-04-30 1981-12-01 Nippon Denso Co Ltd Corrugated fin type heat exchanger
US4693307A (en) 1985-09-16 1987-09-15 General Motors Corporation Tube and fin heat exchanger with hybrid heat transfer fin arrangement
US5329988A (en) 1993-05-28 1994-07-19 The Allen Group, Inc. Heat exchanger
JP2001165532A (ja) 1999-12-09 2001-06-22 Denso Corp 冷媒凝縮器
US20050045314A1 (en) * 2004-08-26 2005-03-03 Valeo, Inc. Aluminum heat exchanger and method of making thereof

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5185925A (en) * 1992-01-29 1993-02-16 General Motors Corporation Method of manufacturing a tube for a heat exchanger
JP2001165587A (ja) * 1999-12-06 2001-06-22 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 熱交換器用チューブ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0813528A2 (pt) 2014-12-23
DE102007033177A1 (de) 2009-01-22
WO2009010155A1 (fr) 2009-01-22
US8522862B2 (en) 2013-09-03
US20100218926A1 (en) 2010-09-02
CN101755184B (zh) 2013-01-23
CN101755184A (zh) 2010-06-23
BRPI0813528B1 (pt) 2019-02-05
EP2047198A1 (fr) 2009-04-15

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