CN101755184B - 冷却流体冷却器 - Google Patents

冷却流体冷却器 Download PDF

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CN101755184B
CN101755184B CN200880025070.5A CN200880025070A CN101755184B CN 101755184 B CN101755184 B CN 101755184B CN 200880025070 A CN200880025070 A CN 200880025070A CN 101755184 B CN101755184 B CN 101755184B
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flat tube
cooling
coolant
wall components
sheet metal
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CN101755184A (zh
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弗兰克·奥普佛赫
简·博贝尔
阿克塞尔·菲泽尔
克劳斯·莫赫劳克
乌尔里克·舍弗尔
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Modine Manufacturing Co
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/126Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
    • F28F1/128Fins with openings, e.g. louvered fins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的冷却剂冷却器,其具有由用非常薄的铝片(a,b,c)制成的扁管(101)和肋片(102)组成的焊接冷却网络(1),并且在扁管(101)的端部具有用于在扁管(101)中流动的冷却剂的集流器或折流器盒(3),其由流动穿过肋片(102)的冷却空气冷却。该冷却剂冷却器具有突出的冷却能力和轻的重量。根据本发明,这是通过如下实现的:每一个扁管由至少两个成型片状金属条带(a,b,c)构成,其中,片状金属条带中的至少一个(a,b)形成所述扁管的壁,另一个片状金属条带构成波纹状内部插件(c),在其中形成管道(10),冷却剂侧的收缩因子与冷却空气侧的收缩因子的比值大致处于0.20-0.44范围内,冷却剂侧的液力直径大致处于0.8mm-1.5mm的范围内。

Description

冷却流体冷却器
技术领域
本发明涉及用于机动车辆的冷却剂冷却器,其具有由用非常薄的铝片制成的扁管和肋片组成的焊接冷却网络,并且具有用于在扁管中流动的冷却剂的并由流动穿过肋片的冷却空气冷却的集流器或折流器盒,所述集流器或折流器盒布置在扁管的端部。
背景技术
开头部分描述的冷却剂冷却器是多年来一直适用于这类热交换器的标准。下面将描述的本发明的目的并非在本质上改变该标准,而是在多个方面对其进行优化。
从现有技术可知由扁管和百叶窗板式的薄片构成的紧凑型热交换器,其用于冷却具有内燃机的车辆的动力系。其能够在极小的安装空间中获得极高的冷却能力。优化的目标不仅仅是获得与大容量相关的功率密度,而且获得最小的冷却剂侧压力损失和小的重量。同时,由于强度的原因,特别是由于热机械应力和来自车辆的冷却系统的压力的冷却网络的应力,必须被选择最小壁厚,特别是扁管的最小壁厚,使得其不会明显阻碍其它目标,例如减小重量以及实现冷却剂侧和冷却空气侧的最小的可能横截面收缩(紧凑性),同时具有低的压力损失。在现有技术中,扁管通常没有内部支撑件,或者仅仅具有1-2个内部支撑件。管高度在1.3mm-2.0mm的范围内。由于强度和腐蚀的原因,目前使用大于0.20mm壁厚。液力直径(4×流通面积/润湿面积)是液力性能的特征变量之一。对于没有内部插件的管的上述参数而言,在冷却剂侧通常具有1.3mm-3.0mm的液力直径。具有5.1mm-9.5mm的典型高度的薄片和介于60μm-120μm的范围内的壁厚一起使得收缩因子(流通面积与端面积的比值)处于0.05-0.28的范围内。
还已知的是,内部插件可以用来显著提高扁管耐内部压力和热机械载荷的能力。但是,问题在于具有内部插件的扁管的液力直径通常明显小于没有内部插件的扁管的液力直径,结果压力损失提高。
由US 4 332 293可知一种冷却剂冷却器,其具有权利要求1的前述部分中的除一个特征以外的其它所有特征。其扁管由黄铜制成,肋片由铜制成。由此导致该冷却剂冷却器太重并太难完成。由US 5 329 988可知的冷却剂冷却器具有同样的问题。由US 4 693 307可知另一种冷却剂冷却器。在所述文件中,提出了通过肋片的特殊实施方式限制冷却空气侧的压力损失的方案。
由于在所引用的资料中,所示出和描述的扁管没有任何特定特征,所以看起来到目前为止,用于冷却剂冷却器的扁管的实施方式没有受到特别关注。
发明内容
本发明的目的是获得具有成本效率的用于机动车辆的冷却剂冷却器,其性能(尤其是诸如高传热能力连同相当地低重量)将在许多方面适用于用户的未来要求。
根据权利要求1的前述部分实现的冷却剂冷却器通过其具有权利要求1的区别特征的构造,得到了解决该问题的创造性方案。
每一个扁管由至少两个成型片状金属条带构成,其中,片状金属条带中的至少一个形成扁管的壁,另一个片状金属条带构成波纹状内部插件,在其中形成管道。冷却剂侧的收缩因子与冷却空气侧的收缩因子的比值大致处于0.20-0.44范围内。冷却剂侧的液力直径大致处于0.8mm-1.5mm的范围内。本发明人发现具有这些特征的冷却剂冷却器在具有优异的传热能力的同时具有可接受的压力损失。获得的单位重量的功率特别有利,也就是说,该冷却剂冷却器具有明显更低的重量。内部插件保证了相应的高水平耐受性(特别是对于内部压力)。
根据一种有利的设计,每一个扁管由三个成型片状金属条带构成,其中,两个片状金属条带形成扁管的壁,第三片状金属条带构成波纹状内部插件,在其中形成管道。具体地,扁管的壁厚处于0.10mm-0.20mm的范围内。内部插件的厚度处于0.03mm-0.10mm的范围内。因为内部插件可以由较薄的片状钢材制造,所以增加了减小重量而不会不利地影响强度的可能性。
在冷却剂侧,收缩因子处于0.15-0.28的范围内。另一方面,在冷却空气侧,收缩因子处于0.63-0.76的范围内。
收缩因子被计算为相应的介质侧的流通面积与整个端面积F的比值。
液力直径dh按如下计算:dh=4×A/U。A是流通面积。U是流通面积的润湿面积。其它特征可以在从属权利要求中找到。
附图说明
下面将参考附图描述本发明的示例性实施方式。该描述包含可能将被证明是意义显著的其它特征和优点。
图1示出了根据本发明的冷却剂冷却器的视图。
图2示出了根据本发明的冷却剂冷却器的扁管的横截面。
图3和4示出了根据本发明的冷却剂冷却器的冷却网络的细节。
图5-11示出了根据本发明的冷却剂冷却器的扁管和常规冷却剂冷却器的扁管之间在多个方面的不同之处。
图12示出了根据本发明的另一冷却剂冷却器的不同扁管。
具体实施方式
图5示出了由发明人进行的大量FEM试验的评价。图5清楚地示出了由于其由大约0.03-0.10mm厚的片状金属条带制成的内部插件c,根据本发明的冷却剂冷却器的扁管101明显轻于(横坐标)冷却剂冷却器的常规扁管。同时,其可以耐受较高的内部压力(纵坐标)。片状金属条带(a,b)在扁管101的窄侧S的交叠也证明具有内部压力稳定性,这将在下面进行更详细描述。
图6和7表示大量的热-液力计算的评价。图6示明了在大致相同的压力损失的情况下,本发明的具有这样的扁管101的冷却剂冷却器的比冷却能力明显高于现有技术。第一组结果代表根据本发明的冷却剂冷却器,处于下方的结果代表现有技术。图7提供了相同的信息,与图6不同的是,图7中的横坐标表示冷却空气的压力损失。对于比冷却能力,冷却能力是指输入温度差ETD,并参比冷却网络的质量。工作点为160kg/(m2s)的冷却剂流量,以及8.0kg/(m2s)的冷却空气流量。所研究的冷却网络尺寸为600mm扁管长度,445mm网络宽度和32mm网络深度。
在图8中,以冷却剂侧的(即扁管1的)液力直径为横坐标,冷却剂侧的收缩因子作为纵坐标,进行作图。在附图中,使用了术语“冷却剂(cooling agent)”,而在此情况下,“冷却剂(coolant)”指同一事物。左侧的一组结果示出了本发明,右侧的一组结果示出了根据现有技术的试验。从该图示可以得到如下结论:根据本发明的冷却剂冷却器的扁管101的液力直径在所有情况下都小于常规的冷却剂冷却器。通过热-液力优化计算,发明人业已发现:利用所示的具有内部插件c的扁管101,采用处于0.8mm-1.5mm的范围内的液力直径和处于0.15-0.28的范围内的冷却剂侧收缩因子,可以实现最高的基于重量的比冷却能力以及基于体积的比冷却能力,同时可以获得低的冷却剂侧压力损失。利用虚线标记了有利的极限值。
在图9中,将冷却空气侧的收缩因子对液力直径进行了作图。
在图10中,以两个收缩因子的比值为纵坐标,对冷却剂侧的液力直径(横坐标)进行了作图。在液力直径大致处于0.8mm-1.5mm的范围内并且上述比值处于0.20-0.44的范围内的情况下,表明了关于紧凑设计、重量轻的结构和性能的最优化。
图11意在示出其内部插件c具有1.2-3.5mm之间的间距T(图2)、管高度h在1.1mm到约2.0mm的范围内的扁管11尤其常见地具有上述的有利性能。
图1示出了根据本发明的冷却剂冷却器的正视图。冷却空气流过的冷却网络的面积由虚线绘出了轮廓。然后,此面积F是用于确定冷却空气侧的收缩因子的端面积。冷却空气的流通面积(即,所有朝向冷却空气定向的肋片102的面积)的总和,即端面积F减去由冷却网络的所有扁管101的窄侧所占据的面积。
图2示出了冷却剂冷却器的一个扁管101的横截面。扁管的高度h乘以扁管的长度乘以扁管101的数量得到上述的窄侧S的面积。图2的扁管由三个无端片状金属条带制造。被辊轧成具有弯曲边缘的两个壁部件具有相同的设计,但是被横向地倒置,使得一个部件的一个边缘包住第二部件的一个边缘,而第二部件的另一个边缘包住第一部件的另一个边缘。内部插件被引入两个壁部件之间。
图3和4示出了由扁管101和肋片102构成的冷却网络1的细节。肋片102是在肋片边缘具有锯齿的所谓百叶窗板式肋片102。锯齿在图3和4中由许多平行线示出。介于3-8mm之间的高度H被选择用于肋片,而对于客车领域中的插件,3-5.2mm是更有利的。最高达8mm的肋片高度例如可以用于多用途运载车。在所述运载车中,面积F也被用虚线示出,其用于确定冷却剂侧收缩因子。此面积F大致对应于在外侧由集流器盒3占据的面积。将由扁管的横截面占据的面积的总和与面积F作比,并且得到冷却剂侧的收缩因子。平面(就是说,未成型板侧B)允许与百叶窗板肋片102的完美的焊接连接,并且显著地有助于获得高传热能力,其也证明是扁管101的有利的结构特征。
图12示出了根据本发明的冷却剂冷却器的另一扁管,其由仅仅两个片状金属条带a,c制成。该图还示出了多个制造步骤,并且在图正底部示出了完成的扁管101。在构成扁管的壁的一个无端片状金属条带a中形成折叠部。在该折叠部中形成弯折部B,其得到一个窄侧S。此片状金属条带a具有0.12mm的厚度。形成内部插件c的片状金属条带c大约0.09mm厚。其被形成为波纹状,并以其纵向边缘承受在前述弯折部B的内侧上的方式布置。通过将片状金属条带a的成型纵向边缘中的一个布置在另一个中来收紧第二窄侧S,将扁管闭合。如图2和12所示的,所有扁管具有其窄侧S非常稳定的优点,尽管片状金属的厚度很小。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于机动车辆的冷却剂冷却器,其具有由用非常薄的铝片(a,b,c)制成的扁管(101)和肋片(102)组成的焊接冷却网络(1),并且具有用于在所述扁管(101)中流动的冷却剂的、并由流动穿过所述肋片(102)的冷却空气冷却的集流器或折流器盒(3),所述集流器或折流器盒(3)布置在所述扁管(101)的端部,其特征在于:
每一个扁管由三个成型片状金属条带(a,b,c)构成,其中,所述片状金属条带中的两个(a,b)形成所述扁管的壁,第三个片状金属条带构成波纹状内部插件(c),在其中形成管道(10),
其中,冷却剂侧的收缩因子与冷却空气侧的收缩因子的比值大致处于0.20-0.44范围内,
其中,冷却剂侧的液力直径大致处于0.8mm-1.5mm的范围内,
其中,所述扁管(101)的两个壁部件(a,b)具有相同的结构,其中所述两个壁部件(a,b)具有拥有较大弧部的纵向边缘和拥有较小弧部的第二纵向边缘,其中所述两个壁部件(a,b)横向地并且彼此相对地布置,使得平行延伸的所述两个壁部件接合,其中所述波纹状内部插件(c)被引入到所述两个壁部件(a,b)之间,其中所述两个壁部件在其弧部处配合,一个壁部件的所述较大弧部包住另一个壁部件的所述较小弧部,所述另一个壁部件的所述较大弧部包住所述一个壁部件的所述较小弧部。
2.如权利要求1所述的冷却剂冷却器,其特征在于,所述扁管的壁厚(d)处于0.10mm-0.25mm的范围内,所述内部插件的厚度处于0.03mm-0.10mm的范围内。
3.如权利要求1-2中任何一项所述的冷却剂冷却器,其特征在于,所述冷却剂侧的收缩因子处于0.15-0.28的优选范围内。
4.如权利要求1-3中任何一项所述的冷却剂冷却器,其特征在于,所述冷却空气侧的收缩因子处于0.63-0.76的优选范围内。
5.如权利要求1所述的冷却剂冷却器,其特征在于,所述肋片(102)的厚度不大于0.08mm,其中所述肋片的高度(H)处于3.0-8.0mm的范围内。
CN200880025070.5A 2007-07-17 2008-06-24 冷却流体冷却器 Expired - Fee Related CN101755184B (zh)

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BRPI0813528A2 (pt) 2014-12-23
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CN101755184A (zh) 2010-06-23
US8522862B2 (en) 2013-09-03

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