EP2037057B1 - Formwork elements for ceilings and method - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a system of formwork elements for the shelling of concrete masses. The invention further relates to a method for producing a blanket.

Formwork elements comprise a formwork panel, which may be made of wood or plastic. For example, steel frame for formwork panels are known to protect formwork panels against side damage. Below the formwork panels there are longitudinal and transverse beams that provide the required mechanical stability. Shuttering elements are commercially available and are for example in the publications DE 028481 54 A1 or DE 102004050564 A1 described.

A formwork element, which is used for the production of a concrete wall, must be much more stable compared to a formwork element, which is used for the production of a ceiling. When producing a blanket, only the weight of the concrete mass applied directly above it rests on a single formwork element. The weight thus depends on the thickness of the concrete layer, which is usually only a few 10 centimeters. Formwork elements for a wall, which are located in the lower part of a wall formwork, must be able to cope with the pressure of a liquid concrete mass, which is regularly 2.70 m high. Correspondingly higher is the pressure exerted on formwork elements for walls.

In contrast, however, teaches the document DE 29 27 116 the use of such panels, which are sufficiently stable for the production of walls, but not sufficiently stable for the production of ceilings. In order to use such insufficiently stable wall formworks for the production of ceilings, a ceiling formwork system is provided with a lowering head restraint assembly with cross members in a deeper level.

For reasons of cost, shuttering elements are therefore designed differently stable for the intended use. Shuttering elements for walls therefore preferably comprise a frame made of steel and steel longitudinal and transverse beams, wherein the distance between two parallel carriers is relatively small in order to stabilize the shuttering panel sufficiently. With the same thickness of a formwork panel, the distances between parallel supports in a formwork element for ceilings are relatively large, since the formwork panel is exposed to lower pressures. Also, the carriers for a formwork element for a ceiling regularly made of wood. Overall, a formwork element for a ceiling is therefore significantly cheaper compared to a formwork element for a wall.

A system of formwork elements comprises formwork elements with different sized surfaces. Large-area formwork elements are used to cover large areas. Smaller formwork elements are needed in order to be able to cover the remaining small areas to be boarded. As far as to verschalende surfaces remain that can not be boarded with the existing formwork elements for reasons of space, Individually sawn plates are used.

To be able to manage with the smallest possible number of relatively expensive formwork elements for the production of walls, a building is planned so that these shuttering elements are used as far as possible for the production of the planned walls, this is especially true for large-scale formwork elements. As far as beyond shuttering elements for ceilings are required, these therefore consist of less stable, cheaper formwork elements, so as to minimize costs. DE 3 013 496 A1 discloses a system of clip-on plates that can be used for both ceiling crawling and wall-crawling.

The assignee of this patent application leases large formwork elements for walls which have an area of 2.70 mx 2.40 m cover. A formwork element for a wall is usually no longer than the height of a conventional wall. Since a wall height of 2.70 m is common, a shuttering element for a wall is currently not more than 2.70 m in principle. If such a shuttering element comprises, for example, a 15 mm thick plate made of wood or a suitable plastic material, the distance between the steel cross braces immediately adjacent to the shuttering plate is 30 cm. The smallest formwork elements leased by the applicant for the production of walls typically cover an area of 0.30 mx 1.20 m, in order to be able to fill gaps in a shuttering. The steel longitudinal members of such a formwork element lie in the same plane as the cross member and are welded to them. The overall height is 12 cm.

For the manufacture of ceilings, the Applicant of this patent application leases shuttering elements comprising panels reinforced with wood beams. These are double T-beams, which have a height of 20 to 24 cm. A total of four side members are arranged in pairs below cross members. The cross beams are also made of wood double T-beams with a height of 20 to 24 cm. On the crossbeams a 2 cm thick plate is fastened with the help of screws. Overall, the height is up to 50 cm. This requires a lot of space. As ceilings regularly cover lengths of more than 2.70 m, large-area formwork elements for ceilings are usually longer compared to formwork elements for walls. For example, the patent applicant leases shuttering elements for ceilings that are up to 5 meters long and up to 2.50 meters wide. The side members are then each 4.90 m long. The cross members are then up to 2.50 m wide. The distance between the cross members is about 50 cm. Such a formwork element is the burdens in the production of a ceiling grown, but not the stresses in the production of a wall. A formwork element for ceilings also differs in the rule of formwork elements for walls by connecting elements, which are mounted below the carrier, and that usually below the side members. The connection elements are designed so that supports can be attached to it and preferably hinged, so as to be able to set up a shuttering for a ceiling can. The connection elements are usually made of steel.

The invention has for its object to further optimize the production of blankets.

This object is achieved by a system of formwork elements for the production of a ceiling with the features of claim 1, which comprises large-scale formwork elements for a ceiling and relatively small-scale formwork elements, due to their stability for the production of walls and that of 2.70 m high walls can be used. The large-area formwork elements are not sufficiently stable to be used for the production of walls and that of 2.70 m high walls to accommodate the hydrostatic concrete pressure. In addition, the large-area elements with at least one side exceed a length of 2.70 m, preferably of at least 3.50 m. The minimum distance between mutually parallel carriers is in a small-scale formwork element, which can also be used for the production of a wall, basically smaller compared to the minimum distance of mutually parallel carriers of a large-scale formwork element, which is not sufficiently stable for the production of Wall is. Exceptions may be present if z. B. the particular formwork panels used are different stable.

For example, if a formwork element for a ceiling is 2.40 x 5.40 meters and the board used, which is made of commonly used plastic materials, is 15 mm thick, for example, the minimum distance between supports is typically 43 cm, compared to FIG cm, which must not regularly be exceeded in a formwork element for the production of a wall.

The system of formwork elements makes it possible to combine large, relatively inexpensive formwork elements for ceilings with small formwork elements for walls. Although large-scale formwork elements for walls are constantly used on a construction site. Small formwork elements, which only serve to fill in gaps, are regularly not used continuously. These can now be used for the production of a blanket. Overall, the number of shuttering elements required for the production of ceilings and walls on a construction site can be reduced.

In one embodiment of the invention, the formwork elements are provided with such, in particular existing steel frame that a frame of a large-scale formwork element can be connected to the frame of a small-area frame member, for example, with clamps or clamps. Are large-scale formwork elements set up and remaining spaces are filled with small-scale formwork elements, it is sufficient to connect the respective frame together. It is then not necessary to provide small-area frame elements also with means for attaching supports. The formwork panels are preferably mounted in the frame so that it is able to protect the formwork panels laterally against damage. If a formwork panel is laterally protected by a metal frame and a high-quality plastic panel is used as a formwork panel, the formwork panels can be used up to 200 times instead of 12 to 15 times before the formwork panels need to be replaced or repaired.

A claim according formwork element preferably comprises steel longitudinal and transverse beams, which lie in a plane. Overall, such a frame construction is comparatively thin, for example, only 12 cm thick. This results in a saving of space in the Storage and transport in comparison to such formwork elements comprising wooden beams.

To formwork elements for the wall area, which are relatively small, to be able to connect particularly stable with formwork elements for the ceiling area by means of clamps, pliers and the like, the frame of the formwork elements each have an inboard slope, which increases in the direction of the panel. A tooth of a clamp or pliers used for the connection then sits on the slope. If the clamp or pliers increasingly compressed, so the tooth slips on the slope maximally upward to finally press the two frames of the shuttering elements to be joined together so particularly firm and reliable together.

Alternatively or additionally, small formwork elements for the production of a wall with in particular large formwork elements for the production of a ceiling by additional support are connected to each other, which are fixed below the two formwork elements to this.

In order to be able to fasten a projecting, additional support below a, for example, large-area formwork element for a ceiling, have the cross member and / or side members of the formwork element, but in particular the cross member holes. A pin with an associated thread can be pushed through such a hole. An additional carrier can be attached with this thread below the support structure of a formwork element. The additional support then extends beyond the edge of the formwork element, for example, to be able to insert an adjacent formwork element, which can be used for the production of a wall in the casing.

Even if only the cross member of a formwork element holes for the attachment of an additional carrier, such an additional carrier both longitudinally and transversely to the cross members be attached. In one case, there are then two parallel adjacent cross member to which, for example, each thread are attached. Then, an additional carrier can be mounted perpendicular to the cross members of a formwork element.

The formwork elements for walls are preferably constructed in the same way. So here also have the cross member holes on to easily attach such additional support can.

The side members of formwork elements for ceilings preferably also have holes in order to be able to positively connect means with which supports can preferably be fastened in a hinged manner. The supports are used for horizontal installation of formwork elements.

In one embodiment of the invention have circumferential steel frame of a formwork element for ceiling holes and in particular long holes. If required, hook elements and the like can be fitted in these oblong holes in order to be able to transport such a cover formwork with the aid of a crane. The holes also serve the attachment of railing elements. In addition, screws can be laterally mounted with screws that do not reach up to the surface of the formwork panels, but instead have a spacing that is typically 15 mm to 21 mm. Thus, a support surface is provided, can be placed on the separate plates of 15 mm to 21 mm thickness, which have been cut accordingly to fill gaps that could not be filled with the available formwork elements.

In one embodiment of the invention, the system includes as accessories a square hollow section, which can be attached to the frame element with holes therein, for example, can be screwed. To fix this square hollow profile vertically reliable, this has on the bottom of a projecting plate which engages under a horizontally positioned frame member when the square profile on the frame z. B. is screwed. This projecting plate is so dimensioned and arranged that the vertical position is ensured. In this way, a slot for a square support can be provided, which is part of a railing.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a transport hook or eyelet with a mandrel is offered as an accessory. The mandrel can be pushed into a slot and fastened so as to provide a means of transport by means of a crane hook. Preferably, such a transport hook (-öse) is used, which secures independently when it is attached to the frame member as intended.

Includes a system formwork elements that are suitable only for the production of a ceiling and always exceed on one side at least a length of 2.70 m and also formwork elements that can be used for the production of a wall, but then no side with Have a length of more than 2.70 m, so confusions are easily avoided, which would lead to the damage of a formwork panel in case of incorrect use. This is particularly the case when the walls to be produced are not higher than 2.70 m. If the walls to be produced are larger or smaller, the limit of 2.70 m shifts accordingly.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures.

FIG. 1 shows a formwork element with an existing plastic shuttering panel 1, which is protected by a circumferential, made of steel frame 2 from side damage. The steel frame 2 is laterally provided with slots, which are provided for the attachment of accessories.

An example of accessories will be in FIG. 2 shown. A square hollow tube 4 is provided with a vertically projecting thread 5. Below the square tube 4, a vertically projecting plate 6 is mounted, and indeed in the same direction as the thread 5. The thread 5 can by a Slotted hole 3 and attached to the frame 2 by means of a nut 7, as in FIG. 3 is shown in section. In the assembled state, the plate 6 extends under the frame 2 and is applied to this. The square tube extends vertically upwards when mounted. In this a support can now be pushed in, which is part of a railing.

The frame 2 is internally provided with a circumferential groove which includes a bevel 8. This bevel 8 is provided for the engagement of teeth 9 of a ferrule 10, as in FIG. 4 shown section illustrates. Two formwork elements are connected to each other, wherein one of the formwork elements is relatively large and is suitable for stability reasons only for the production of a blanket, whereas the other formwork element is relatively small and is also suitable for the production of a wall.

This in FIG. 4 shown relatively large formwork element comprises a longitudinal member 11 which is provided with a bore 1 2. With the help of a thread and a nut, a folding means 13 is attached to the side rail. On the folding means 13, a support 14 is fixed, which can be pivoted relative to the shuttering element. Such a support 14 can now be omitted in the relatively small formwork element, since this is held by the ferrule 10.

FIG. 5 shows a view of a formwork element from below. A multiplicity of cross members 15 cause a formwork panel 1 to cope with the loads. The distance of the carrier Is tuned to the stability of the formwork panel 1 chosen so that the formwork panel is up to the intended loads. In a formwork element for a wall of the distance and stability of the carrier is tuned to the thickness of the formwork panel and stability of the material as a whole chosen so that the formwork panel has grown higher loads Compared to a formwork panel of a formwork element for a ceiling. The wall formwork elements used to make a ceiling are much smaller compared to the largest slab formwork elements.

Claims (11)

1. A system of formwork elements (1, 2) for the manufacture of a ceiling, comprising at least one formwork element which is only suitable for the manufacture of a ceiling as well as at least one formwork element which is suitable for the manufacture of a ceiling and a wall, in which the formwork element only meant for the manufacture of the ceiling has a large surface area in comparison to the formwork element meant for the manufacture of the ceiling and the wall, wherein the formwork element only meant for the manufacture of the ceiling comprises a length of more than 2.70 m, in particular a length of more than four meters, and the formwork element which is suitable for the manufacture of a ceiling and a wall is no longer than 2.70 m, wherein the formwork element having a large surface area is not sufficiently stable for being used for the manufacture of walls having a height of 2.70 m, and the formwork element having a small surface area is sufficiently stable for being used for the manufacture of walls having a height of 2.70 m.
2. A system according to claim 1, in which the minimum distance between longitudinal beams (11) or between cross beams (15) of the formwork element meant for the manufacture of a wall is smaller in comparison to the minimum distance between longitudinal beams (11) or between cross beams (15) of the formwork element meant for the manufacture of a ceiling.
3. A system according to one of the preceding claims, in which the formwork element meant for the manufacture of a ceiling is provided with folding means (13), to which supports (14) for setting up the formwork element can be fastened or are fastened.
4. A system according to one of the preceding claims, in which the formwork elements are provided with circumferential frames (2) which are in particular made of steel, wherein frames of different formwork elements are designed to be compatible with each other such that a formwork element meant for the manufacture of a wall can be fastened or is fastened to a formwork element meant for the manufacture of a ceiling by means of a clamp (10) and/or an additional support.
5. A system according to one of the preceding claims, comprising formwork elements which are provided with frames (2), wherein the frames of the formwork elements respectively comprise an inner beveled surface (8) which ascends into the direction of the formwork panels (1).
6. A system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein frames and/or supports of the formwork elements are provided with holes (3).
7. A system according to one of the preceding claims, comprising means (4, 5, 6) for fastening a railing to a frame (2) of a formwork element.
8. A system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the formwork elements which are only suitable for the manufacture of a ceiling always comprise a side which is longer than 2.70 m, and wherein the formwork elements which can also be used for the manufacture of a wall comprise no side having a length of more than 2.70 m.
9. A system according to one of the preceding claims, comprising means for fastening a hook or an eyelet to a frame of a formwork element.
10. A method for manufacturing a ceiling, comprising a system according to one of the preceding claims, in that formwork elements (1, 2) are set up horizontally by means of supports (14) and one other formwork element for the manufacture of a ceiling, which is suitable for the manufacture of a wall, will be fastened to at least one horizontally set up formwork element.
11. A method according to the preceding claim, comprising the manufacture of walls, wherein formwork elements, which are only suitable for the manufacture of a ceiling, always comprise a side having a length which exceeds the height of the manufactured walls or walls to be manufactured.

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