WO2009013050A1

WO2009013050A1 - Ceiling shuttering

Info

Publication number: WO2009013050A1
Application number: PCT/EP2008/056683
Authority: WO
Inventors: Wolfgang Voigt
Original assignee: Otto Wulff Bauunternehmung Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date: 2007-07-26
Filing date: 2008-05-30
Publication date: 2009-01-29
Also published as: DE102007035454A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a ceiling and to a ceiling produced using the method. It is intended by means of the invention to improve the production of ceilings. To achieve this object, surfaces are provided with the aid of shuttering elements for the casting of a ceiling, wherein each surface comprises a plurality of mutually adjacent surface elements at its side adjacent to the ceiling to be cast. The surface elements may constitute the shuttering elements. However, they are preferably separate surface elements which in the case of a ceiling are placed on or fastened to the shuttering elements. As in the case of the prior art, the transitions from one surface element to the next surface element mean that gaps remain between two surface elements. Unlike in the prior art, these transitions are now overbonded or covered, specifically on that side which is adjacent to the ceiling to be produced. Narrow strips can be used for the overbonding or overlaying operation. It is simplest and best to carry out overbonding with a tape.

Description

ceiling board

The invention relates to a method for the production of a blanket and a blanket produced according to the method.

If a ceiling to be made by pouring concrete, so first a casing is provided. Rectangular formwork elements are set up with supports from the ground underneath. The formwork elements then form an area which is arranged parallel to an underlying floor. But it is also possible that the surface is inclined.

Shuttering elements have, for example, an OSB board with a frame made of aluminum, which protects the board from damage. The supports can be made of steel or aluminum. To set up a formwork element, for example, a support is used for each corner, so a total of four supports. The length of the columns can be changed.

It must be provided regularly spaces between the individual shuttering elements, since the room sizes vary, but the shuttering elements have fixed predetermined dimensions. The spaces are covered or closed, for example, with so-called Ausziehafeln. The extension panels are correspondingly thick woods, cut to size and placed in the spaces between formwork panels.

The surface formed by the flattening and extending panels is framed by shuttering elements mounted perpendicular thereto. Now concrete can be poured in to make the ceiling. If a ceiling has been produced, protruding ridges and other impressions remain in the region of the transitions from one shuttering element to the next or from a shuttering element to an outer panel. Because of these bumps, a blanket is in the rain! plastered, then the ceiling can be painted, for example.

For many different reasons, it does not succeed with the required reliability to permanently connect a plaster with a ceiling. Every now and then, Putz falls off a blanket.

By means of the invention, ceilings can be produced improved,

The object of the invention is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1 and with a cover comprising the features of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims. Unless otherwise stated below, the features known from the prior art may also be features of the invention described below, individually or in combination with one another,

To solve the problem, surfaces are provided by means of shuttering elements for the casting of a ceiling, each surface consists of a plurality of contiguous surface elements on its side adjacent to the ceiling to be cast ceiling. The surface elements may be the shuttering elements, but are preferably separate surface elements which are placed on the shuttering elements or attached thereto. Due to the transitions from one surface element to the next, as in the prior art, gaps or scratches remain between two surface elements. In contrast to the prior art, these transitions are now glued or covered over on the side adjacent to the cover to be produced or hang up narrow strips can be used. The easiest and best is to stick with a band, as it is commercially offered for example by the company Beiersdorf from Germany.

Following this, concrete and the like are poured into the casing in a known manner. Once the concrete has hardened, a blanket is made.

In contrast to the prior art, no burrs from a surface stand out. Instead, depressions remain due to the strips or bands.

If a smooth surface is now to be provided, then, in contrast to the prior art, it is only necessary to spatulate the depressions. Such a depression is regularly only a few centimeters wide, since such a width is sufficient to cover the transitions of the adjoining surface elements or to glue over. Above all a band is very thin and in particular thinner than a millimeter. So it only need to be filled with very small volume wells to obtain a smooth surface of the ceiling. In such a recess, the material used for the filling is kept much more reliable compared to an applied plaster,

Since a large-scale plastering can be completely eliminated in order to provide a smooth surface of a ceiling, the risk is removed that plaster dissolves and falls down.

In one embodiment, plates are applied to the shuttering elements, which are made of plastic. The panels can only be laid onto the formwork elements in the event of a ceiling being broken. The panels are placed so that they abut closely against each other to form a surface. The advantage is that plastic panels can be cut easily. It is thus possible, regardless of the dimensions of a ceiling and a wall to provide the necessary casing completely through the plastic sheets. Apart from the transitions, a uniform surface can be created by casting alone be obtained from concrete. Kunststotfplatten can otherwise be used repeatedly several times, If a plastic plate replaced due to a damaged surface or can not be used again, so arise only comparatively low cost and in particular compared to the case that a Verschaluπgselement must be replaced due to a defective surface ,

Such a plastic plate can be very thin, for example, only 3 to 7 mm thin. This reduces costs and simplifies trim when required.

In one embodiment of the invention, the plastic plates used have a middle layer which is reinforced with fibers, in particular glass fibers. This ensures that the plates by weathering, such. B. not forgiven by a strong sunlight or by very low temperatures, It is guaranteed as a uniform result in the production of blankets.

Such a middle layer is coated in particular with polypropylene. As a result, a suitably smooth, sufficiently resistant surface can be provided.

Extensible fibers contribute to the stiffening of the surface formed by the shuttering elements, in one embodiment of the invention this extraction leg is eliminated. However, in order to ensure the desired stability, in one embodiment of the invention the supports, for example made of tubular steel, are connected to one another by spacers. The spacers are preferably made of a thread. For example, DYWIDAG threaded rod is used. The threaded rod is firmly connected at one end with a vertically projecting mandrel. The mandrel is inserted through a designated hole of the support. A clip is provided around the mandrel. If the mandrel is pushed through the hole in the support, then the clamp clasps the support at the same time. In this way, the spacer is positively connected to the one side with a support. An appropriate one Mandrel and clamp is attached to the side of a screw sleeve. The screw sleeve is screwed onto the thread, and it is adjusted so the distance, Thereafter, the mandrel is passed through a corresponding further hole of another support and so the other side of the spacer positively connected to another support due to the clip.

In this way, a fixed distance between two supports is set, which support different Verschalungselemente.

The spacers are preferably mounted 1, 50 m to 1, 80 m above the ground. On the one hand, the spacers can then be attached to one another. On the other hand, a sufficient stability of the framework together with the shuttering is achieved at a normal height of the ceiling.

By providing the spacers, costs and labor are saved as compared to the case where extension panels are used to achieve the desired stability,

However, even in the absence of Ausziehafeln spacers are not mandatory. Because the mechanical stability can be achieved in the absence of Ausziehafeln in other ways and indeed particularly easy and fast in the manner described below, the aforementioned supports are provided with heads that are provided with sliding elements. The displaceable elements can be moved horizontally in the erected state of the supports in a desired position and then fixed in this position. The displaceable elements can also be connected to it supported or stored preferably form-fitting shuttering elements, so that a displacement of a surface element or, Verschalungseiements relative to the displaceable element in the horizontal direction is no longer possible, This is achieved for example by one or more protruding thorns of the displaceable element , from below into holes provided for the respective shuttering element can be put into it. Dismantling is no longer necessary to ensure mechanical stability of the construction.

In order to provide the supports with the desired copts, they have in one embodiment of the invention, a guide into which the upper ends of the supports are inserted. In principle, already in this way each head can be mounted sufficiently stable on each support. Preferably, however, it is possible hineinzustecken a locking pin seitiich through holes provided through each guide and support and secure that then each head is firmly connected to the support. This facilitates in particular the construction and dismantling of the construction.

Such a head is also preferably adapted to provide a horizontal surface thereon in the assembled condition, to which it can be placed, preferably between two displaceable elements or adjacent to a displaceable element of each head. If large-area plates, for example made of plastic, are deposited on the shuttering elements, such spacers may, if necessary, support these (plastic) plates in intermediate spaces which remain between two shuttering elements. Drawing boards can be omitted, which saves time and money.

In one embodiment of the invention, the large-area (plastic) plates have stapling devices. These staplers are placed around the edges of underlying shuttering elements and so the plastic sheets are attached to the shuttering elements.

It is also possible to use plates having a middle layer of metal, such as aluminum. The metal layer is then preferably coated from both sides with a suitable plastic such as polypropylene. However, if one side has been damaged, the plate may still be further used or reused by providing the undamaged side to form the surface adjacent the ceiling. However, a fiber reinforced middle layer plate has been found to be more suitable. To obtain a particularly supportable plate, a plate consists of two fiber-reinforced cover layers and a middle layer. Such a particularly suitable plate is commercially sold by the company Isosport under the name "iaminaeX ® ^w . More preferably, the thickness is 5, 7 mrn or more. If such a plate is at least 5, 7 mm thick, distances of up to 30 cm can be covered in housing construction. This applies to ceilings with a thickness of up to 20 cm, which are common in residential construction.

Preferably, the transitions are sealed with an adhesive tape that has grown in all weather conditions, ie wetness, dryness, solar radiation and so on.

The tape prevents burrs from forming. Instead, there is a slight imprint in the ceiling when it has been poured. These impressions can be easily filled with a spatula, otherwise the blanket is so even that it can be painted immediately. It is no longer necessary to plaster such a ceiling,

Alternatives were also tried and, for example, tests with a plastic film were carried out. The plastic film was laid over the entire surface of the shuttering elements. In the spring, however, temperatures of 50 degrees were created below the film due to sun exposure. This has led to a waviness of the film. Thus, it was not possible to produce the ceiling with the desired success by means of a foil,

The invention not only plastering can be avoided. The shuttering can be provided much faster compared to the prior art in the case of a ceiling, because with a circular saw or a table saw with a vidia sheet, the plastic plates can be cut quickly compared to the wood panels, especially since only a suitable compensation must be cut. Otherwise, standardized plastic plates can be used. The ceiling may have been provided next to concrete with usual further reinforcements, so with steel mesh.

According to the method, ceilings are formed which differ from prior art band-shaped recesses. The depressions are regularly less than 1 mm deep and only a few inches wide, such as 3 to 8 centimeters. The band-shaped depressions usually form rectangles, thus surfaces are framed, which are free of Strukturieruπgen or ridges, so form a desired smooth surface,

Figure 1 shows a plan view of a masonry]. You can see the formed from rectangular plastic plates 2 surface that serves as a shuttering. Edge regions of the formwork are filled with trimmed Kunststoffpiatten 3, 4 and 5, There remain column 6 between the individual plates 2, 3, 4 and 5, which form the transitions. A transition is already pasted over with a smooth, 0, 1 7 mm thick fabric tape 7 made of synthetic fibers with a tensile strength of 1 78 N / 25mm and an elongation at break of 9.5%. A natural rubber serves as an adhesive, which is temperature resistant up to 40 ^° C. Such an adhesive tape can be obtained commercially,

It must still glued the other transitions with the tape, then perpendicular to a peripheral shuttering is attached to the masonry 1 and the concrete ceiling is now conventionally produced by pouring concrete, etc.

Finally, the remaining impressions of the tapes are filled. There is now a spreadable, smooth surface of the ceiling. Complete plastering is no longer necessary to obtain a smooth, spreadable ceiling

Figure 2 shows a side view of plastic plates 2, which are mounted on shuttering elements 8. The shuttering elements 8 are held by supports 9 parallel to the floor 10. Spacers 1 1 connect two supports 9, the different Hold Verschöiungselemente 8. This ensures the necessary stability of the construction.

Figure 3 shows a detaiilierte representation of Abstandhaiters 1 1, this includes a thread 1 2. On the thread 1 2 a threaded sleeve 1 3 is screwed. At the threaded sleeve a mandrel 14 and a bracket 1 5 is attached. The mandrel 1 4 is inserted through a hole provided for this purpose in the support 9 shown in section, the clip 1 5 then surrounds the support 9, another mandrel and another clip are attached directly to the thread 1 2. Turning the threaded sleeve changes the distance between the two spikes. It can be easily adjusted and fixed the desired distance between two supports 9,

Figure 4 shows in section supports 9, which are positively connected with heads 1 6 above. Each support 9 is pushed through an opening of the head 1 6 to a stop. When the stopper, there is preferably a mandrel and / or a ring which projects into the support or that surrounds the support and thus helps that a head located on the support in the horizontal direction can not slip, by drilling at the opening of the head As well as the support a preferably lockable bolt can be pushed 1 7, with a complete formschlüsstge connection is achieved, In principle, such a head but can also be connected in other ways with the support, so for example by a cohesive or non-positive connection. The head comprises a rail 1 8, which may for example consist of aluminum, on each rail at least one displaceable element, preferably two displaceable elements 1 9 slidably mounted. The displaceable elements can be releasably fixed to the rail, for example by means of a screw. The displaceable elements are provided in the assembled state with upwardly projecting spikes 20, which are inserted into holes provided for this purpose in the formwork elements 8, respectively. A connection between shuttering element 8 and displaceable element 1 9, which fixes the two elements 1 8 and 1 9 in the horizontal direction relative to each other, but can also be achieved by more or less thorns or in other ways, on rails 1 8 supports 21 are turned off which, as shown, is located above it Plate 2 is supported, so as to prevent unwanted bending of the plate 2. Since, in the case of FIG. 4, two rails 8 adjoin one another, it is also not necessary, for example, to provide sufficient structural stability of the structure by means of spacers or extension panels.

Figure 5 shows the case that with only one support 9, two shuttering elements 8 are gehaifen at the same time and the desired distance between the two Verschalungselementen has been adjusted by appropriate displacement and subsequent fixing of the displaceable elements 1 9 on the rail 1 8. The fixing can be done for example by means of a screw. In the fixed state, a displaceable element can not be moved along the rail 1 8. Although there is a space between two shuttering elements in the case of Figure 5, a pull-out board or spacer is not required since the head 16 provides the desired mechanical stability of the structure.

Such a head 1 6 can also be used in a conventional production with the said advantages, Therefore, additional protection is claimed for a support and support with head, which is provided with sliding elements.

The method is primarily for the production of a blanket. In principle, however, it is possible, for example, for the method to be correspondingly transferred to the production of walls.

Claims

claims

1 . Method of making a ceiling or wall comprising the steps of:

a) providing surfaces by means of shuttering elements (8) for casting a ceiling, each surface consisting of a plurality of adjacent surface elements on its side adjacent to the ceiling to be cast, b) pasting or covering the transitions of the adjacent surface elements the side adjacent to the ceiling to be cast, with bands (7) or strips, c) making the ceiling by pouring and curing concrete into the casing,

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the shuttering elements (8) plates (2, 3, 4, 5) are applied, which form the adjacent surface elements.

3. A method according to the preceding claim, wherein the plates are made of plastic and preferably with fiber-reinforced cover layers and a middle layer of foamed foam of polypropylene.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the shuttering elements (8) are placed parallel to a bottom [1 0) by means of supports (9) and supports are interconnected with spacers (1 1),

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the transitions of the adjoining flat elements with a self-adhesive tape to be pasted over,

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the shuttering elements (8) are made parallel to a bottom (10) by means of supports (9) which are provided with a head, the one, preferably two displaceable elements (1 9) having.

7. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein a displaceable element is connected to a Verschaiungselement thereon, that in the mounted state, a shuttering element in the horizontal direction can not be moved relative to the displaceable element.

8. ceiling with band-shaped recesses and smooth surfaces adjacent to the band-shaped recesses,

9. A ceiling according to the preceding claim consisting of concrete or concrete with steel inserts and a filler in the band-shaped recesses, which differs from the concrete.

10. A blanket according to the preceding claim, wherein a paint is applied directly to the concrete and the filled cavities,

1 1. Ceiling according to one of the three preceding claims, in which the band-shaped depressions are in the form of rectangles,

1 2. A blanket according to one of the four preceding claims, wherein the band-shaped recesses are less than 1 mm deep.

1 3. A blanket according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the band-shaped depressions are less than 8 cm wide.

1 4, head for a support, which is provided with one, preferably with two displaceable elements.

5. support with head mounted thereon provided with one or two displaceable elements (1 9),

6, support according to the preceding claim, wherein on the displaceable element a Verschaiungselement (8) is mounted such that the Verschaiungselement can not be moved horizontally when the support is placed,

7. Support according to one of the two preceding claims with upside-down straps (21).