DE1122238B - Pyramidal component and structure composed of such components - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

E 04 b; c

B36814V / 37a

REGISTRATION DATE: AUGUST 10, 1955

NOTICE
THE REGISTRATION
AND ISSUE OF
EDITORIAL: JANUARY 18, 1962

The invention relates to pyramid-shaped components made of metal rods for spatial structures, especially for ceiling or roof constructions.

When building space-spanning structures, e.g. B. of roofs or ceilings with large Span, it is common to provide load-bearing main members made from suitable profile bars are composed and constructed so that the spanning of the storey or floor to be covered Roof area is possible. Usually, this process requires the manufacture of main beams beforehand or -trägem, the length of which is matched to the respective building structure. The previous production of such non-uniform structural members entail high costs for large buildings Span and requires extensive planning; the members so prepared are also large and bulky, and therefore costly to transport.

Spatial structures are already known which are composed of individual pyramid-shaped components are. The pyramid-shaped components are each made up of three individual parts composed of two triangular side parts and an X-shaped base part. These parts can be put together using screw connections. Also by screws as well these known components can be converted into one by means of belt bars attached to the pyramid tips In the direction of extending structures such as column arches or masts. It is further known to build a latticework of bars, in which the tubes are welded with joint parts and at the assembly are assembled to tetrahedra by means of sleeves and wedges. The pipes can be used as a component pre-assemble, and the individual parts of the latticework can be stacked for shipping.

It is the object of the invention to create a pyramid-shaped component of the type mentioned, which can take large loads, is easy to transport and also can be applied over a large area Can assemble structures. This aim is achieved according to the invention in that the The base of each pyramid-forming rods joined together to form a polygonal frame with a free inner opening are that the side bars delimiting the outer surfaces of the pyramid both with the Corners of the frame as well as in the pyramid tip are inextricably linked and that in the tip of the pyramid is a junction with connection means in different directions the lower chord bars is arranged.

Pyramid-shaped component

and from such components

composite structure

Applicant: Space Decks Limited, London

Representative: Dr.-Ing. F. Wuesthoff, Dipl.-Ing. G. Pulse and Dipl.-Chem. Dr. rer. nat. E. Frhr. v. Pechmann, patent attorneys, Munich 9, Schweigerstr. 2

John Bolton and Desmond Edward Hennessey.

London,
have been named as inventors

Because the bars of the component are permanently connected to one another, the element can do a lot are highly loaded without the risk of destroying the element. Despite the rigid structure several such elements can be easily stacked, as the base is free of cross braces. By The special design of the junction piece allows structures of various shapes to be attached Place the same components on individual or all side edges of the base.

The node pieces can be designed in various ways. So every knot piece can take the shape of a block with several hammer-like approaches distributed over the circumference of the block is provided, between which inwardly widening recesses or incisions for the Connection of the lower chord bars. The junction piece can also be fitted with turnbuckles for the Connection and bracing of the lower chord bars.

The shape of the base part and thus the number and the angular position of the profile elements forming the base part may vary depending on the intended use and requirements. In general it has

109 760/23

3 4

however, stack the rectangular shape for the base part as advantageous elements in such a way that their knot-like proven. points, as shown in Fig. 3, are close to one another; here-

The invention will be seen below with reference to the storage and transport of the elements

matic drawings on several execution economics. Furthermore, one can use the inventive

examples explained in more detail. 5 elements according to a pillar or tower

Fig. 1 and 2 show a pyramid-shaped building construction put together. To this end

element according to the invention, indicating that the elements are placed, as shown in FIG. 4,

Connection of other similar components, in pairs with their rectangular frames on top of each other

Fig. 2 the element in plan view and Fig. 1 in and fastened by connecting plates 23. Then

Shows section along section line AA in Fig. 2; io you screw on the pairs of components

Fig. 3 illustrates the stackability of the building their edges and completes the pillar or the

elements according to the invention; Pillar by putting adjacent nodes through

Fig. 4 shows a tower or pillar construction, connecting tension members 18 a to one another,
in which the new components can advantageously be used; FIGS. 5 and 6 show a further application; 15 example. This is similar to the exemplary embodiment

Figs. 5 and 6 show a modified embodiment of Fig. 1, the main difference being in the shape of the

example of a component according to the invention; Node elements and the formation of the

Fig. 7 and 8 show details of the component belt bars is located. Every node element is made up

according to FIGS. 5 and 6; from a block 33, which is a section of a strand

9 and 10 show a further modified 20 represents press profile, the cross-sectional shape of

Exemplary embodiment for a component according to FIG. 7 emerges; the block owns at its four

Invention, namely in Fig. 9 in side view and inwardly widening channels or

10 in plan view; Slots 34 to accommodate the appropriately designed

Fig. 11 illustrates an end support for a shaped ends 35 of the tension members 18 a in the form of

composed of components according to the invention - »5 metal rods. The four struts 15 a are through

adjustable ceiling while two metal tubes are formed in the middle and on

Fig. 12 the support of such a blanket are compressed flat from the ends. The flat

a vertical wall, while the pressed ends 36 of each tube are shown in FIG

13 to 16 modified individual parts of a pyramid at diagonally opposite corners of the

Show miden-shaped component. 30 frame made of angle steel welded on, while

The components according to the invention have the flattened middle sections 37 after

relatively small dimensions, e.g. B. has the Fig. 5 to the underside of the block 33 herum-

Base of a component bent into the shape of a square and attached to the block by means of screws 38

with a side length of about 75 cm. The building is strengthened. After screwing the components together

elements can therefore be produced in small workshops.

be made, they can be stacked to save space by the ends 35 of the tension members 18 a of

and the evacuation itself can be carried out into the correspondingly shaped contactors 34 by means of the bottom

small vehicles. the blocks 33 drives into it.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 Another embodiment for the invention

if the component has a rectangular component at the base, it is shown in side view in FIG. 9 and FIG

dratic, recessed frame 11 , which is shown from angle in Fig. 10 in plan. In this case

rods of such dimensions is formed that it has a the component has a square frame

Concrete slab 12 can accommodate. At the top of the with an outer edge length of about 1.20 m on;

Components are a long flat bar 13 and two it comprises four angle bars 101, 102, 103 and 104

shorter flat bars 14 upright in the form of a 45 with the dimensions of about 50X75X1.5 mm; the

Cross arranged in such a way that the arms of the cross bars are mitred at their ends

run parallel to the edges of the component. and there with the tubular struts 105, 106,

Welded between the frame corners 16 of the component 107 and 108 , which are made of steel tube with a

and the cross are four tubular struts 15 wall thickness of 3.7 mm with an outer diameter

consist of the same length with appropriately designed ends 5 ° knife of about 43 mm. The lower ends

inserted and welded so that a rigid of the struts are attached to a part of the junction piece

Node element is created. The opposing steel rod 109 with a length of approximately

overlying pairs of struts diverge from the 200 mm and a diameter of about 65 mm

Node and close an angle of welded on. This steel rod has an axial

about 80 ° . Bores on the four free 55 bore 110, which at one end 111 with a

Ends of the flat bars are provided, allow right-handed and at the other end 112 with one

it is provided with lower chord bars 18 or tension members on the flat left-hand internal thread. Furthermore,

to attach rods. the steel rod 109 has a transverse hole for mounting

The tension members for connecting the nodes would take a steel rod 113, 114 with a length

elements are appropriately rods, their 60 of about 190 mm and a diameter of about

The ends have 19 screw threads and are 30 mm with articulation.

pieces 20 are provided by nuts 21 in this rod is at its ends with a

their location. Holes in the ends are provided with external threads that extend over a distance

the articulation pieces allow the tension members to extend inward by about 70 mm and thus to

ends by means of screws 22 between the adjacent 65 a point which is just within the

Install and fasten nodes. Cross hole lies. The rod with the external thread

Since the components are an open rectangular shape, it is held in place by tack welds.

Frame, the above can be The above partial rod 113 has a right-hand thread,

5 6

while the protruding part rod 114 is provided with a left-hand hole so that the screws

thread carries. through these holes and through the holes 125

According to FIGS. 9 and 10, the frame can lead to the junction element in the angle bars,

four lower chord bars attached by means of the four threads; Furthermore, there is a continuous strip tape 138 with the lower chord bars 115 and 116 consist of flux 5 an edge on the horizontal leg of the

stole; they have a length of about 115 cm and angle bar 136 on, while the other edge of the

a diameter of about 30 mm; in the middle is strip tape embedded in the fascia wall 131.

a hexagon nut 117 or 118 welded on. It can be seen that the U-profile support 134 is a support

so that a wrench can be attached. form, on which you can place the angle bars 104 of the frame, the same size and shape lower io of the first structural elements of the rows,

Belt bars 115 and 116 have 119 at one end. The gaps between the U-shaped beams 134 take

a right-hand external thread and on the other the upper ends of the struts 106 and 108 .

At the end of 120 a left-hand male thread. Fig. 12 shows as an example in which way the

The other two lower chord bars 121 and 122 ceiling construction with a vertical wall 139 are also made of mild steel; they have a 15 can connect, which runs transversely to the last row of construction length of about 100 cm and a diameter of elements. About 30 mm is made in the wall 139; Similar to the rods 115, they carry zinc-coated tube 140 with a length of about 230 mm and 116, each with a nut in the middle (not shown) and an inside diameter of about 30 mm. The bars 121 and 122 are of the same type and concreted, this tube is greased on the inside to provide a sliding bearing for a tie rod or tie rod about 140 mm at each end, an external thread that can be created at one end 141 which is left-handed in the present and right-handed at the other end. Trap around one with the lower chord bars 121 and 122 Each of the lower chord bars 121 and 122 carries on each similar bar, but one of the ends of which is a junction element which has been removed from a six-joint socket. A square tube of about 135 mm length with internal thread 25 running angle bar 142 of about 60X60 mm is made. The junction element 123 (FIG. 10) has a right-hand thread with the angle bars 101 of the frame of the elements and the junction element 124 is screwed and a reinforced concrete slab delimits a left-hand thread. 143, which is made on the spot and whose

The structural elements of the outer rim 144 shown in FIGS. 10 and 9 in a slot in the wall 139

Kind can be as follows to a ceiling construction 3 °.

assemble: One combines a number of elements into a row, which extends over the surface to be covered in the recessed angular steel frame by placing a reinforced angled bar prefabricated from aerated concrete in each case according to Fig. 11 Insert 103 of the frame of an element with plate 145 . In order to make the ceiling resistant to the weathering angle bar 104 of the frame of the neighboring 35, a screed 146 element is connected by means of screws, which are put on by drilling 125 of the angle bars with three layers of roofing felt 147 , whereby one covers.

at the same time a set of lower chord bars 115, 116 Fig. 13 shows a further embodiment for screwed in. The carrier formed from the elements is a junction element that is placed next to each other when one is in such a way that they touch; 40 inventive component can be used. In this position they can each attach this case, there is a junction element from a rigid two-dimensional structure to a metal plate 148 corresponding to FIG. 13 zubilden by screws cut through the holes and is provided with a bore 149th 126 and 127 in the legs of the angle bars 101. The two legs 150 and 151 of the plate 148 and 102, the frame and also the supports 45 are used to weld on four struts, each side surface of which by means of a number of lower chord bars 121, 122 Leg connects a strut with each other. One brings these rods into their being welded. The middle piece 152 of the plate position, while the connecting sleeves are essentially between the legs, together with the borehole 149 screwed completely onto the external thread, as fastening means for the lower chord. Then you screw the connecting sleeves onto 50 bars. A structural element with a nodal point has the external threads of steel rods 113 and 114 . element according to Fig. 13 can be used in conjunction with Fig. 11 shows an embodiment for an end lower chord bars in the form of flat bars, support for a ceiling so produced. In this which extends over the entire length or width of the trap, the structural elements according to the invention form a flat roof composed of a set of such elements. 55 stretch. Fig. 14 shows a typical arrangement at

According to FIG. 11, the four tubular struts on the metal plate 148 lie on a building wall 128

an end beam 129 , which are pre-welded from concrete. Of these struts are shown in FIG

is cast and includes rebar 130. Only the two struts 153 and 154 can be seen. the

the end beam rest a blind wall 131 and lower chord bars, which are generally in the direction of

a back lining stone 132. At the back 60 plane of the metal plate 148 extending are in shape

feeding stone are provided by two flat steel rods 155 and 156 by means of anchor bolts 133 ,

U-profile beam 134 with a length of about 90 cm which is drilled in suitable places and by means of a

arranged so that their center lines are fixed with those screw 157. The perpendicular to the

the angle bars 104 of the frame of the structural elements plate 148 are made of extending lower chord bars

coincide. With the flat bars 158 and 159 running through 65 to the fascia wall 131 , which by means of

facing back surfaces of the U-profile girder is a screw 160 attached to a plate 161 ,

a continuous angle formed according to FIG. 15 and a slot 162 by means of screws 135

ledge 136 connected; this angle strip 136 is also provided with the center piece 152 of the plate 148

is inserted slidingly. The plate 161 has a hole 163 for receiving the screw 160. After the laying of a continuous Untergurtstabes with a set of spaced at intervals slotted plates according to Fig. 15 to a corresponding number 5 of metal plates according to FIG. 13 may be the slotted plates at 164 Weld in place electrically or otherwise.

Unless a high load-bearing capacity is required, a ceiling construction can also be composed of a number of elements that is less than the number of elements required to completely cover the area in question. In this case, a structure with a sufficient load-bearing capacity for the intended purpose can be created if some of the lower chord bars are omitted. In addition to elements according to the invention, ie those with node elements that have devices for the attachment of Untergurtstäben that extend in directions in which they prevent movement of the node elements in all directions parallel to the plane of the frame, you can use additional elements that only have unidirectional lower chord bars attached; you can z. B. use elements whose node elements are designed in the form of plates according to FIG. These node elements are similar to those according to FIG. 13, but the part for fastening the flat steel bars 155 and 156 has been omitted.

The structural elements according to the invention can be used not only in the manner described to form ceiling structures and put together pillars, but they are also suitable for bridge decks, transportable Bridges, falsework for masonry arches with large spans, crane scaffolding, scaffolding and helicopter platforms. For the construction of wall arches one can use the falsework, which is often bent must be, easily made from the elements according to the invention by lower chord bars from greater or lesser length used.

In the constructions made from the components according to the invention, the load-bearing capacity of the individual structural members are fully utilized, which is particularly important for two-dimensional ceiling structures applies where the overall height is reduced and a lightweight construction can be created. The components are comparatively light in weight and large two-dimensional Manufacture structures whose weight per square meter when using steel does not exceed 34 kg and even less when using light metal. The lower chord bars of the finished Construction form a suitable framework on which plastered ceilings can be hung if necessary can, as indicated in FIG. 5 at 41.

It is true that the components according to the invention are intended to primarily use compressive forces with the aid of the frame parts record, but it should be noted that in certain constructions, e.g. B. with cantilever or arched or bowl-shaped constructions, is required for the inclusion of opposite ones Take precautions against stresses. In such cases, the shear stresses must be applied Connecting links that normally prevent adjacent elements from shifting in the Be able to withstand the tensile forces that occur. This condition is fulfilled if one is in the described Way provides screws. Furthermore, the lower chord bars must have such a shape, for. B. be tubular or be provided with flanges that they can withstand compressive forces.

Claims (9)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Pyramid-shaped component made of metal rods for spatial structures, especially for ceiling or roof constructions, in which the rods forming the base of each pyramid lie in the upper chord level and are connected to the neighboring pyramids, while the pyramid tips lie in the lower chord level and are connected to one another by lower chord bars are, characterized in that the rods forming the base of each pyramid are joined together to form a polygonal frame (11) with a free inner opening, that the struts delimiting the outer surfaces of the pyramid are inseparable from one another both with the corners of the frame (11) and at the top of the pyramid are connected and that in the top of the pyramid a junction piece with means for connecting the lower chord bars lying in different directions is arranged. 2. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the junction piece has the shape of a block (33), which has several hammer-like lugs distributed over the circumference of the block is provided, between which inwardly widening slots (34) for the connection of the lower chord bars (Fig. 5 to 7). 3. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the junction piece with turnbuckles for the connection of the lower chord bars (18) is equipped (Fig. 1 and 2). 4. The component according to claim 1, characterized in that the junction piece is provided with threaded sleeves extending in opposite coaxial or parallel directions for connecting the lower chord bars (115, 116) and that one threaded sleeve of the pair has a left-hand thread and the other threaded sleeve has a right-hand thread (Fig. 10). 5. Component according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the base each pyramid-forming frame (11) consists of an angle profile, the vertical leg of which with recesses for receiving connecting links, e.g. B. screws, is provided, by means of their adjacent frames (11) are connected to one another. 6. Components according to claim 5, characterized in that in the angular cross-section Frame (11) concrete slabs (12) are used. 7. The component according to claim 6, characterized in that the thickness of the plates (12) so is chosen that these protrude over the upper edges of the frame (11) and that on the ceiling a concrete screed and a layer of roofing felt is applied. 8. The component according to claim 7, characterized in that the plates (12) and the screed consist of aerated concrete. 9. Composed of pyramid-shaped components according to one of claims 1 to 8 Structure, characterized in that each pyramid is connected to at least three other pyramids adjoins and that the lower chord bars connecting the pyramid tips - preferably in pairs - run at an angle to each other. 10 Considered publications: German patent application A14587 V / 37 b (published on 03.10.1955); "Baukunst und Werkform" magazine, year 1954, September issue, pp. 549 to 561. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings