EP2032673A1 - Floor construction for horizontal coke ovens - Google Patents

Floor construction for horizontal coke ovens

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Publication number
EP2032673A1
EP2032673A1 EP07725552A EP07725552A EP2032673A1 EP 2032673 A1 EP2032673 A1 EP 2032673A1 EP 07725552 A EP07725552 A EP 07725552A EP 07725552 A EP07725552 A EP 07725552A EP 2032673 A1 EP2032673 A1 EP 2032673A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
coke oven
gaps
horizontal
flue gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07725552A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2032673B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Hippe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Uhde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE200610026521 external-priority patent/DE102006026521A1/en
Application filed by Uhde GmbH filed Critical Uhde GmbH
Priority to PL07725552T priority Critical patent/PL2032673T3/en
Publication of EP2032673A1 publication Critical patent/EP2032673A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2032673B1 publication Critical patent/EP2032673B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B29/00—Other details of coke ovens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B29/00—Other details of coke ovens
    • C10B29/02—Brickwork, e.g. casings, linings, walls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B15/00—Other coke ovens
    • C10B15/02—Other coke ovens with floor heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B5/00—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B5/00—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers
    • C10B5/06—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with horizontal heating flues
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0043—Floors, hearths

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coke oven in horizontal construction, a so-called non-recovery or heat-recovery coke oven, wherein the coke oven floor is constructed of at least two layers and the layers of the same or different refractory materials are formed.
  • the first layer seen from the furnace chamber is formed of a solid material and the second layer has a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps or the like, wherein the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, gaps or the like are connected to the gas space of the underlying flue gas channel ,
  • the invention relates to a floor segment comprising at least these two layers and a method in which one or more of said coke ovens are used.
  • the heating of heat-recovery coking ovens is usually carried out by combustion of the resulting gas during coking.
  • the combustion is controlled so that a portion of the gas burns above the coal charge with primary air in the furnace chamber.
  • This partially combusted gas is fed via channels, which are also referred to as "downcomer", the heating cables of the sole of the furnace chamber and completely burned here by adding further combustion air, the secondary air.
  • the coal charge heat is supplied directly from above and indirectly from below, which has an advantageous effect on the coking rate and thus on the performance of the furnaces.
  • the invention therefore achieves the object by means of a horizontal coke oven comprising a coke oven chamber, a coke oven bottom and a plurality of horizontally extending flue gas ducts arranged below the coke oven bottom in the region of the furnace brine.
  • the coke oven bottom located between the coke oven chamber and the flue gas channel is at least in the vertical direction built two layers and supported on the walls of the flue gas ducts. Each of these layers is formed of the same or different refractory materials, such as silica, chamotte, etc.
  • the coke oven according to the invention is characterized in that the first layer seen from the furnace chamber is formed of a solid material, and the second layer has a multiplicity of openings, gaps, gaps, small channels or the like, the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, Gaps, channels or the like are connected to the gas space of the underlying flue gas duct.
  • the second layer has a vaulted-like curved shape and the first layer has at least one flat top on which lies in the normal operation of the coke cake or the coal or coke charge during the cooking time.
  • the coke oven can be further improved to the effect that between the first and second layer at least one further layer or transition elements are arranged.
  • the second layer is formed of molded bricks made of solid material and arranged such that openings, gaps, gaps or the like are formed between adjacent shaped bricks or the wall.
  • the advantage of this design is the simple implementation, since the identical, wedge-shaped ceiling tiles can be used, which are already used for the full-surface and known in the art duct ceiling.
  • An optimization of the coke oven is that the second layer is formed from molded bricks, each individual shaped brick having at least one opening, column, gap, channel or the like and ideally each individual shaped brick more openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like having.
  • the two abovementioned possibilities for producing gaps or shaped blocks with channels can be combined with full-bodied molded blocks.
  • the open cross section of the openings, gaps, gaps or channels in the underlayer may be different. Different cross-sections of the openings allow an optimization of the gas flow and the heat flow. Thus, in particular, it may happen that the open cross section of said devices in the region of the doors and the furnace walls is increased in order to allow a uniform distribution of the heat flow in the entire region of the gas delivery channel.
  • their cross sections can be calibrated. Thereby, depending on the embodiment of the invention, the cooking process of the coke over the entire length of the furnace can be made uniform. In addition, heating defects can be compensated with this type of opening design.
  • a further improvement of the heat transfer can be achieved if at least one further layer is arranged between the first and second layer, wherein the molded block forming the first layer itself comprises a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like and forms this additional intermediate layer
  • the intermediate layer or transition stones which are provided to compensate for different contours of the layers, consists of molded blocks, which have at least one opening, a gap, gap, channel or the like.
  • the coke oven bottom formed from many individual stones must be bricked with a high expenditure of time. This expenditure of time can be considerably reduced by means of a further variant of the coke oven according to the invention are when the coke oven bottom is formed in the vertical direction of only a full ground segment comprising a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer having a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like.
  • these floor segments are shaped so that they have a concave curvature on the underside.
  • the underlayer of these floor segments can also form the ceiling of the flue gas duct in the embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the coke cake or the coke bed are on the top layer of Koksofenbo- dens.
  • the cover layer is therefore usually not arched shaped, but has a horizontal horizontal design.
  • the bottom molds advantageously already in their outer form the contour of the finished floor.
  • the provided for the second layer floor blocks may already have a vaulted like curved shape as individual components.
  • the provided for the first layer floor blocks have as individual blocks on its upper side advantageously a flat expression.
  • the floor blocks can also be shaped and dimensioned in size, that they are adapted in their entire extent to the width of the respective flue gas duct and to the thickness of the flue gas duct walls.
  • Each individual floor tile then spans the flue gas channel in its entire width and lies with its ends on the flue gas duct walls.
  • a plurality of paralleled on the flue gas duct Bodenformsteinen then spans the flue gas duct.
  • the invention comprises a method for producing coke, in which a coke oven is used in one of the aforementioned embodiments.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a known coke oven 1 in a horizontal design.
  • the actual coke oven chamber 2 is enclosed by the outer walls 3 and is supplied via the primary air duct 9 with combustion air.
  • the combustion gases are discharged from the coke oven chamber 2 via a wall duct, the so-called downcomer 4, into the flue gas inlet.
  • Ie 5 passed, which run below the Koksofenbodens 11.
  • the flue gas channels 5 are separated by partitions 6, but are in a manner not shown with each other.
  • Below the flue gas ducts 5 run secondary air ducts 8, via which the combustion in the flue gas ducts 5 can be controlled.
  • the coal bed or the coke 10 is the intended operation as a bed or pressed cake on the coke oven bottom 11th
  • the sectional view Fig. 2a shows the coke oven bottom 11 in detail.
  • the coke oven bottom 11 constructed of the two layers 11a and 11b is placed on the partitions formed of partition wall blocks 20.
  • the actual surface of the coke oven bottom 11 is formed of flat bottom plates 15, which are placed on the horizontal transition stones 13. These horizontal transition blocks 13 form the vertical end of the partitions 6.
  • Below the transition brick 13 two support stones 17 are arranged, which in turn rest on the masonry crowns of the respective partition 6.
  • the partition 6 is formed from cuboid shaped stones 20.
  • the ceiling 12 of the flue gas duct 5 is supported, which is formed as an arc and formed from a plurality of wedge-shaped ceiling stones 16.
  • the ceiling tiles 16 are arranged so that between the ceiling tiles 16 always a gap 18 or channel is formed, as shown in the bottom view of the ceiling 12 in Fig. 2a. It is a further advantage of the invention to be seen in that the latticework in the lower layer 11 b less building material is needed, which is economically advantageous.
  • Fig. 3a the structure of the coke oven bottom is shown in a sectional view when the ground segments 19 of the invention are used.
  • the floor segment 19 is formed in the vertical direction as a continuous molded block and, when installed, rests on two partition walls 6 each.
  • openings, channels 18 or the like have been provided on the production side.
  • the unilaterally open channels 18 communicate with the gas space of the flue gas channel 5 in connection.
  • the channels 18 do not run perpendicular to the first layer 11a, but are arranged in a fan-like manner, so that only the smallest possible areas of the first layer 11a remain without connection to the ends of the channels 18.
  • Fig.3b the bottom view of the bottom segment 19 is shown.
  • the shadow edges of the ceiling channels 18 are shown due to the better clarity only for a number of the ceiling channels 18 as dashed lines.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Commercial Cooking Devices (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

A horizontal coke oven has a floor with an upper layer (11a) and a lower layer (11b), each made of firebrick. The layers are made of the same or different types of material. The top layer is made of solid material. The lower layer incorporates a series of channels, gaps or cracks open to the ambient air. The upper surface of the top layer is flat. The downward-facing profile of the lower layer is domed. The thickness of the open channels is determined in accordance with the thickness of the main sidewalls.

Description

Bodenkonstruktion für horizontale Koksöfen Floor construction for horizontal coke ovens
[0001] Die Erfindung betrifft einen Koksofen in horizontaler Bauweise, einen so genannten Non-Recovery- oder Heat-Recovery-Koksofen, bei welchem der Koksofen- boden aus mindestens zwei Schichten aufgebaut ist und die Schichten aus demselben oder unterschiedlichen feuerfesten Materialien gebildet sind. Die vom Ofenraum aus gesehen erste Schicht ist aus einem vollen Material gebildet und die zweite Schicht weist eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken oder dergleichen auf, wobei die Gasräume dieser Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken oder dergleichen mit dem Gasraum des darunter verlaufenden Rauchgaskanals verbunden sind. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Bodensegment, dass mindestens diese beiden Schichten umfasst sowie ein Verfahren, bei welchem einer oder mehrere der genannten Koksöfen zum Einsatz kommen.The invention relates to a coke oven in horizontal construction, a so-called non-recovery or heat-recovery coke oven, wherein the coke oven floor is constructed of at least two layers and the layers of the same or different refractory materials are formed. The first layer seen from the furnace chamber is formed of a solid material and the second layer has a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps or the like, wherein the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, gaps or the like are connected to the gas space of the underlying flue gas channel , Furthermore, the invention relates to a floor segment comprising at least these two layers and a method in which one or more of said coke ovens are used.
[0002] Die Beheizung von Heat-Recovery-Verkokungsöfen erfolgt üblicherweise durch Verbrennung des bei der Verkokung entstehenden Gases. Die Verbrennung wird dabei so gesteuert, dass ein Teil des Gases oberhalb der Kohlecharge mit Primärluft in der Ofenkammer verbrennt. Dieses teilverbrannte Gas wird über Kanäle, welche auch als "Downcomer" bezeichnet werden, den Heizzügen der Sohle der Ofenkammer zugeführt und hier durch Zugabe weiterer Verbrennungsluft, der Sekundärluft, vollständig verbrannt. Auf diese Weise wird der Kohlecharge Wärme direkt von oben und indirekt von unten zugeführt, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Verkokungsgeschwindigkeit und damit auf die Leistung der Öfen auswirkt.The heating of heat-recovery coking ovens is usually carried out by combustion of the resulting gas during coking. The combustion is controlled so that a portion of the gas burns above the coal charge with primary air in the furnace chamber. This partially combusted gas is fed via channels, which are also referred to as "downcomer", the heating cables of the sole of the furnace chamber and completely burned here by adding further combustion air, the secondary air. In this way, the coal charge heat is supplied directly from above and indirectly from below, which has an advantageous effect on the coking rate and thus on the performance of the furnaces.
[0003] Diese bekannten Koksöfen arbeiten prinzipiell zuverlässig, weisen aber den Nachteil auf, dass lange Garungszeiten von bis zu 60 Stunden benötigt werden, um den Kokskuchen auszugaren. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es somit, einen Koksofen und ein Verfahren zu offenbaren, mittels welchem kürzere Garungszeiten erreicht werden.These known coke ovens work in principle reliable, but have the disadvantage that long cooking times of up to 60 hours are required to bleed the coke cake. The object of the invention is thus to disclose a coke oven and a method, by means of which shorter cooking times can be achieved.
[0004] Es konnte gefunden werden, dass eine Ursache für die Garungszeit der massive Ofenboden darstellt, der die Kohleschüttung tragen muss. Dieser weist einen erheblichen Wärmeleitwiderstand auf, so dass die Unterseite der Kohleschüttung deut- lieh langsamer ausgart als die Oberseite. Daher löst die Erfindung die Aufgabe durch einen horizontalen Koksofen, der eine Koksofenkammer, einen Koksofenboden und mehrere unterhalb des Koksofenbodens angeordnete horizontal verlaufende Rauchgaskanäle im Bereich der Ofensole umfasst. Der zwischen Koksofenkammer und Rauchgaskanal befindliche Koksofenboden ist in vertikaler Richtung aus mindestens zwei Schichten aufgebaut und auf die Wände der Rauchgaskanäle gestützt. Jede dieser Schichten ist aus dem selben oder unterschiedlichen feuerfesten Materialien, wie Silikamaterial, Schamott, etc. gebildet. Der erfindungsgemäße Koksofen zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die vom Ofenraum aus gesehen erste Schicht aus einem vollen Material gebildet ist, und die zweite Schicht eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, kleine Kanäle oder dergleichen aufweist, wobei die Gasräume dieser Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, Kanäle oder dergleichen mit dem Gasraum des darunter verlaufenden Rauchgaskanals verbunden sind.It could be found that a cause of the cooking time is the massive furnace floor, which must carry the coal bed. This has a considerable thermal resistance, so that the underside of the coal bed significantly longer cooked ausg more than the top. The invention therefore achieves the object by means of a horizontal coke oven comprising a coke oven chamber, a coke oven bottom and a plurality of horizontally extending flue gas ducts arranged below the coke oven bottom in the region of the furnace brine. The coke oven bottom located between the coke oven chamber and the flue gas channel is at least in the vertical direction built two layers and supported on the walls of the flue gas ducts. Each of these layers is formed of the same or different refractory materials, such as silica, chamotte, etc. The coke oven according to the invention is characterized in that the first layer seen from the furnace chamber is formed of a solid material, and the second layer has a multiplicity of openings, gaps, gaps, small channels or the like, the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, Gaps, channels or the like are connected to the gas space of the underlying flue gas duct.
[0005] Idealerweise weist die zweite Schicht eine gewölbeartig geschwungene Form auf und die erste Schicht hat mindestens eine ebene Oberseite, auf welcher im bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb der Kokskuchen bzw. die Kohle- oder Koksschüttung während der Garungszeit liegt. Dabei kann der Koksofen dahingehend weiter verbessert werden, dass zwischen der ersten und zweiten Schicht noch mindestens eine weitere Schicht oder Übergangselemente angeordnet sind.Ideally, the second layer has a vaulted-like curved shape and the first layer has at least one flat top on which lies in the normal operation of the coke cake or the coal or coke charge during the cooking time. In this case, the coke oven can be further improved to the effect that between the first and second layer at least one further layer or transition elements are arranged.
[0006] Bei den vorliegenden Temperaturen um 8000C sind die konvektiven Anteile des Wärmetransports nachrangig gegenüber dem strahlungsbedingten Anteil des Wärmetransports, so dass kein Gas in den Öffnungen, Kanälen etc. strömen muss. Mit dem Einsatz der zweiten Schicht in Form eines derartigen Gitterwerkes wird die Statik des Ofens daher nur minimal beeiπflusst, aber die Stärke des tragenden Koksofenbo- dens kann um bis zu 40 % verringert werden. Dies führt zu einer erheblichen Verringerung des mittleren Wärmeleitwiderstandes des Koksofenbodens und in der Folge zu einer ebenfalls erheblichen Verkürzung der Garungszeit beziehungsweise Erhöhung der Ofenleistung. Ein positiver Begleiteffekt entsteht dadurch, dass die erhöhte Oberflächenrauhigkeit der Rauchkanaldecke zu einer lokalen Verringerung der Strömungs- geschwindigkeit führt, wodurch pro Zeiteinheit ebenfalls eine Vergrößerung der übertragbaren Wärmemenge erfolgt.At the present temperatures around 800 ° C., the convective components of the heat transport are subordinate to the radiation-related component of the heat transport, so that no gas has to flow in the openings, channels, etc. With the use of the second layer in the form of such a latticework, therefore, the statics of the furnace are minimally affected, but the strength of the supporting coke oven bottom can be reduced by up to 40%. This leads to a significant reduction in the average thermal resistance of the coke oven bottom and, as a result, to a likewise considerable shortening of the cooking time or increase in the oven output. A positive concomitant effect arises from the fact that the increased surface roughness of the smoke channel ceiling leads to a local reduction of the flow velocity, which also results in an increase in the transmittable heat quantity per unit time.
[0007] Eine weitere Optimierung besteht darin, dass die zweite Schicht aus Formsteinen gebildet ist, die aus Vollmaterial bestehen und derart angeordnet werden, dass zwischen benachbarten Formsteinen oder der Wand Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken oder dergleichen gebildet werden. Vorteil dieser Konstruktion ist die einfache Umsetzung, da die identischen, keilförmigen Deckenformsteine verwendet werden können, die bereits für die vollflächige und im Stand der Technik bekannte Kanaldecke verwendet werden. [0008] Eine Optimierung des Koksofens besteht darin, dass die zweite Schicht aus Formsteinen gebildet ist, wobei jeder einzelne Formstein mindestens eine Öffnung, Spalte, Lücke, Kanal oder dergleichen aufweist und idealerweise jeder einzelne Formstein mehrere Öffnungen, Spalte, Lücken, Kanäle oder dergleichen aufweist. Dabei können je nach konstruktiven Erfordernissen auch die beiden vorgenannten Möglichkeiten zur Erzeugung von Lücken oder Formsteine mit Kanälen mit vollmaterialigen Formsteinen kombiniert werden.Another optimization is that the second layer is formed of molded bricks made of solid material and arranged such that openings, gaps, gaps or the like are formed between adjacent shaped bricks or the wall. The advantage of this design is the simple implementation, since the identical, wedge-shaped ceiling tiles can be used, which are already used for the full-surface and known in the art duct ceiling. An optimization of the coke oven is that the second layer is formed from molded bricks, each individual shaped brick having at least one opening, column, gap, channel or the like and ideally each individual shaped brick more openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like having. Depending on the design requirements, the two abovementioned possibilities for producing gaps or shaped blocks with channels can be combined with full-bodied molded blocks.
[0009] Für bestimmte Anforderungen kann der offene Querschnitt der Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken oder Kanäle in der Unterschicht unterschiedlich sein. Unterschiedliche Querschnitte der Öffnungen erlauben eine Optimierung der Gasführung und des Wärmestromes. So kann es insbesondere vorkommen, dass der offene Querschnitt der besagten Einrichtungen im Bereich der Türen und der Ofenwände erhöht ist, um eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Wärmestromes im gesamten Bereich des Gasausführungskanals zu ermöglichen. Zur genauen Dimensionierung der Öffnungen können deren Querschnitte kalibriert werden. Dadurch kann, je nach Ausführungsart der Erfindung, der Garungsprozess des Kokses über die gesamte Länge des Ofens gleichmäßig gestaltet werden. Zudem können mit dieser Art der Öffnungsgestaltung Beheizungsmängel kompensiert werden. Eine weitere Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangs kann erreicht werden, wenn zwischen der ersten und zweiten Schicht mindestens eine weitere Schicht angeordnet ist, wobei der die erste Schicht bildende Formstein selbst eine Deckschicht und eine Unterschicht umfasst, wobei die Deckschicht aus Vollmaterial gebildet ist und die Unterschicht eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, Kanälen oder dergleichen aufweist und diese zusätzliche Zwischenschicht bildetFor certain requirements, the open cross section of the openings, gaps, gaps or channels in the underlayer may be different. Different cross-sections of the openings allow an optimization of the gas flow and the heat flow. Thus, in particular, it may happen that the open cross section of said devices in the region of the doors and the furnace walls is increased in order to allow a uniform distribution of the heat flow in the entire region of the gas delivery channel. For exact dimensioning of the openings, their cross sections can be calibrated. Thereby, depending on the embodiment of the invention, the cooking process of the coke over the entire length of the furnace can be made uniform. In addition, heating defects can be compensated with this type of opening design. A further improvement of the heat transfer can be achieved if at least one further layer is arranged between the first and second layer, wherein the molded block forming the first layer itself comprises a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like and forms this additional intermediate layer
[0010] Wenn die erste Schicht zwei planparallele Seiten aufweist und die zweite Schicht bogenähnlich gewölbt konstruiert wurde, ist es in der Regel erforderlich, eine ausgleichende Zwischenschicht oder Übergangselemente vorzusehen, damit sich die erste Schicht ideal auf der zweiten Schicht abstützen kann. In diesem Fall besteht eine verbesserte Ausführungsvariante darin, dass die Zwischenschicht oder Übergangssteine, die zum Ausgleich von unterschiedlichen Konturen der Schichten vorgesehen sind, aus Formsteinen besteht, welche mindestens eine Öffnung, einen Spalt, Lücke, Kanal oder dergleichen aufweisen.When the first layer has two plane-parallel sides and the second layer has been arcuately curved, it is usually necessary to provide a compensating interlayer or transition elements so that the first layer can be ideally supported on the second layer. In this case, an improved embodiment is that the intermediate layer or transition stones, which are provided to compensate for different contours of the layers, consists of molded blocks, which have at least one opening, a gap, gap, channel or the like.
[0011] Der aus sehr vielen Einzelsteinen gebildete Koksofenboden muss mit hohem Zeitaufwand gemauert werden. Dieser Zeitaufwand kann mittels einer weitergehenden Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Koksofens erheblich vermindert werden, wenn der Koksofenboden in vertikaler Richtung aus nur einem vollstückigen Bodensegment gebildet ist, das eine Deckschicht und eine Unterschicht umfasst, wobei die Deckschicht aus Vollmaterial gebildet ist und die Unterschicht eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, Kanälen oder dergleichen aufweist.The coke oven bottom formed from many individual stones must be bricked with a high expenditure of time. This expenditure of time can be considerably reduced by means of a further variant of the coke oven according to the invention are when the coke oven bottom is formed in the vertical direction of only a full ground segment comprising a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer having a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like.
[0012] Idealerweise sind diese Bodensegmente so geformt, dass diese auf der Unterseite eine konkave Wölbung aufweisen. Die Unterschicht dieser Bodensegmente kann in der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung des Verfahrens auch die Decke des Rauchgaskanals bilden. Beim bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb der Vorrichtung befinden sich der Kokskuchen oder die Koksschüttung auf der Deckschicht des Koksofenbo- dens. Die Deckschicht ist deswegen in der Regel nicht gewölbt geformt, sondern besitzt eine horizontal waagrechte Bauart.Ideally, these floor segments are shaped so that they have a concave curvature on the underside. The underlayer of these floor segments can also form the ceiling of the flue gas duct in the embodiment of the method according to the invention. During normal operation of the device, the coke cake or the coke bed are on the top layer of Koksofenbo- dens. The cover layer is therefore usually not arched shaped, but has a horizontal horizontal design.
[0013] Zur Erleichterung der konstruktiven Herstellung des Koksofens besitzen die Bodenformsteine vorteilhafterweise in ihrer äußeren Form bereits die Kontur des fertigen Bodens. So können die für die zweite Schicht vorgesehenen Bodenformsteine bereits als Einzelbauteile eine gewölbeartig geschwungene Form besitzen. Die für die erste Schicht vorgesehenen Bodenformsteine besitzen hingegen als Einzelbausteine auf ihrer Oberseite vorteilhafterweise eine ebene Ausprägung.To facilitate the constructive production of the coke oven, the bottom molds advantageously already in their outer form the contour of the finished floor. Thus, the provided for the second layer floor blocks may already have a vaulted like curved shape as individual components. The provided for the first layer floor blocks, however, have as individual blocks on its upper side advantageously a flat expression.
[0014] Zur besonderen konstruktiven Erleichterung der Bauweise können die Bodenformsteine auch so geformt und in ihrer Größe dimensioniert sein, dass sie in ihrer gesamten Ausdehnung an die Breite des jeweiligen Rauchgaskanals und an die Dicke der Rauchgaskanalwände angepasst sind. Jeder einzelne Bodenformstein überspannt dann den Rauchgaskanal in seiner gesamten Breite und liegt mit seinen Enden auf den Rauchgaskanalwänden auf. Eine Vielzahl von parallel auf dem Rauchgaskanal aufliegenden Bodenformsteinen überspannt dann den Rauchgaskanal.For particular constructive relief of the construction, the floor blocks can also be shaped and dimensioned in size, that they are adapted in their entire extent to the width of the respective flue gas duct and to the thickness of the flue gas duct walls. Each individual floor tile then spans the flue gas channel in its entire width and lies with its ends on the flue gas duct walls. A plurality of paralleled on the flue gas duct Bodenformsteinen then spans the flue gas duct.
[0015] Weiterhin ist von der Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Koks umfasst, bei welchem ein Koksofen in einer der vorgenannten Ausführungsformen eingesetzt wird.Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for producing coke, in which a coke oven is used in one of the aforementioned embodiments.
[0016] Nachstehend sollen anhand der Figuren 1 bis 3b beispielhaft einige Ausführungsvarianten näher beschrieben werden. Fig. 1 zeigt in einer Schnittdarstellung einen bekannten Koksofen 1 in horizontaler Bauform. Die eigentliche Koksofenkammer 2 ist von den Außenmauern 3 umschlossen und wird über den Primärluftkanal 9 mit Verbrennungsluft versorgt. Die Verbrennungsgase werden aus der Koksofenkammer 2 über einen Wandkanal, die so genannten Downcomer 4, in die Rauchgaskanä- Ie 5 geleitet, welche unterhalb des Koksofenbodens 11 verlaufen. Die Rauchgaskanäle 5 sind durch Trennwände 6 separiert, stehen aber in nicht dargestellter Weise miteinander in Verbindung. Unterhalb der Rauchgaskanäle 5 verlaufen Sekundärluftkanäle 8, worüber die Verbrennung in den Rauchgaskanäle 5 gesteuert werden kann. Die Kohleschüttung beziehungsweise der Koks 10 liegt beim bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb als Schüttung oder gepresster Kuchen auf dem Koksofenboden 11.Below, by way of example, some embodiments are described in more detail with reference to Figures 1 to 3b. Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a known coke oven 1 in a horizontal design. The actual coke oven chamber 2 is enclosed by the outer walls 3 and is supplied via the primary air duct 9 with combustion air. The combustion gases are discharged from the coke oven chamber 2 via a wall duct, the so-called downcomer 4, into the flue gas inlet. Ie 5 passed, which run below the Koksofenbodens 11. The flue gas channels 5 are separated by partitions 6, but are in a manner not shown with each other. Below the flue gas ducts 5 run secondary air ducts 8, via which the combustion in the flue gas ducts 5 can be controlled. The coal bed or the coke 10 is the intended operation as a bed or pressed cake on the coke oven bottom 11th
[0017] Die Schnittdarstellung Fig. 2a zeigt den Koksofenboden 11 im Detail. Der aus den beiden Schichten 11a und 11b aufgebaute Koksofenboden 11 ist auf den Trennwänden aufgelegt, die aus Trennwandsteinen 20 gebildet sind. Die eigentliche Oberfläche des Koksofenbodens 11 wird aus flachen Bodenplatten 15 gebildet, die auf den horizontalen Übergangssteinen 13 aufgelegt sind. Diese horizontalen Übergangssteine 13 bilden den vertikalen Abschluss der Trennwände 6. Unterhalb des Übergangssteins 13 sind zwei Stützsteine 17 angeordnet, die ihrerseits auf den Mauerkronen der jeweiligen Trennwand 6 ruhen. Die Trennwand 6 ist aus quaderförmigen Formsteinen 20 gebildet. An den Flanken der Stützsteine 17 ist die Decke 12 des Rauchgaskanals 5 abstützt, die als Bogen geformt und aus einer Vielzahl von keilförmigen Deckensteinen 16 gebildet ist. Die Deckensteine 16 sind so angeordnet, dass zwischen den Deckensteinen 16 immer eine Lücke 18 oder Kanal entsteht, wie in der Untersicht der Decke 12 in Fig. 2a dargestellt. Es ist ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung darin zu sehen, dass bei dem Gitterwerk in der Unterschicht 11 b weniger Baumaterial benötigt wird, was wirtschaftlich von Vorteil ist.The sectional view Fig. 2a shows the coke oven bottom 11 in detail. The coke oven bottom 11 constructed of the two layers 11a and 11b is placed on the partitions formed of partition wall blocks 20. The actual surface of the coke oven bottom 11 is formed of flat bottom plates 15, which are placed on the horizontal transition stones 13. These horizontal transition blocks 13 form the vertical end of the partitions 6. Below the transition brick 13 two support stones 17 are arranged, which in turn rest on the masonry crowns of the respective partition 6. The partition 6 is formed from cuboid shaped stones 20. On the flanks of the supporting stones 17, the ceiling 12 of the flue gas duct 5 is supported, which is formed as an arc and formed from a plurality of wedge-shaped ceiling stones 16. The ceiling tiles 16 are arranged so that between the ceiling tiles 16 always a gap 18 or channel is formed, as shown in the bottom view of the ceiling 12 in Fig. 2a. It is a further advantage of the invention to be seen in that the latticework in the lower layer 11 b less building material is needed, which is economically advantageous.
[0018] In Fig. 3a ist in einer Schnittzeichnung der Aufbau des Koksofenbodens gezeigt, wenn die erfindungsgemäßen Bodensegmente 19 verwendet werden. Das Bodensegment 19 ist in vertikaler Richtung als ein durchgängiger Formstein ausgebil- det und ruht im eingebauten Zustand auf je zwei Trennwänden 6. In dem Bodensegment 19 sind herstellungsseitig Öffnungen, Kanäle 18 oder dergleichen vorgesehen worden. Die einseitig offenen Kanäle 18 stehen mit dem Gasraum des Rauchgaskanals 5 in Verbindung. Die Kanäle 18 verlaufen in dem gezeigten Beispiel nicht lotrecht auf die erste Schicht 11a zu, sondern sind fächerartig angeordnet, so dass nur mög- liehst kleine Bereiche der ersten Schicht 11a ohne Verbindung zu den Enden der Kanäle 18 verbleiben. In Fig.3b ist die Untersicht des Bodensegments 19 dargestellt. Die Schattenkanten der Deckenkanäle 18 sind aufgrund der besseren Übersichtlichkeit nur für eine Reihe der Deckenkanäle 18 als gestrichelte Linien gezeigt. [0019] BezugszeichenlisteIn Fig. 3a, the structure of the coke oven bottom is shown in a sectional view when the ground segments 19 of the invention are used. The floor segment 19 is formed in the vertical direction as a continuous molded block and, when installed, rests on two partition walls 6 each. In the floor segment 19, openings, channels 18 or the like have been provided on the production side. The unilaterally open channels 18 communicate with the gas space of the flue gas channel 5 in connection. In the example shown, the channels 18 do not run perpendicular to the first layer 11a, but are arranged in a fan-like manner, so that only the smallest possible areas of the first layer 11a remain without connection to the ends of the channels 18. In Fig.3b the bottom view of the bottom segment 19 is shown. The shadow edges of the ceiling channels 18 are shown due to the better clarity only for a number of the ceiling channels 18 as dashed lines. [0019] List of Reference Numerals
1 Koksofen1 coke oven
2 Koksofenkammer2 coke oven chamber
3 Außenmauer 4 Downcomer3 outer wall 4 downcomers
5 Rauchgaskanal5 flue gas duct
6 Seitliche Trennwand des Rauchgaskanals6 Side partition of the flue gas duct
7 Koksofenfundament7 coke oven foundation
8 Sekundärluftkanal 9 Primärluftkanal8 secondary air duct 9 primary air duct
10 Kokskuchen, -schüttung10 coke cake, pouring
11 Koksofenboden11 coke oven bottom
11a erste Schicht, Deckschicht 11 b zweite Schicht, Unterschicht 12 Decke des Rauchgaskanals11a first layer, cover layer 11b second layer, lower layer 12 ceiling of the flue gas channel
13 Horizontaler Übergangsstein13 Horizontal transition stone
14 Vertikaler Übergangsstein14 Vertical transition stone
15 Bodenplatte15 base plate
16 Deckenstein des Rauchgaskanals 17 Stützstein16 ceiling tile of the flue gas channel 17 support stone
18 Deckenkanal, Lücke, Öffnung18 ceiling duct, gap, opening
19 Formstein, Bodensegment 0 Formstein der Trennwand 19 Form stone, floor segment 0 Form stone of the partition wall

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Horizontaler Koksofen, umfassend eine Koksofenkammer, einen Koksofenboden und mehrere unterhalb des Koksofenbodens angeordnete horizontal verlaufende Rauchgaskanäle, wobei der zwischen Koksofenkammer und Rauchgaskanal befindliche Koksofenboden in vertikaler Richtung aus mindestens zwei Schichten aufgebaut und auf die Wände der Rauchgaskanal gestützt ist, und jede Schicht aus dem selben oder unterschiedlichen feuerfesten Materialien gebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vom Ofenraum aus gesehenA horizontal coke oven comprising a coke oven chamber, a coke oven bottom, and a plurality of horizontally extending flue gas channels below the coke oven bottom, the coke oven bottom located between the coke oven chamber and flue gas channel being vertically constructed of at least two layers and supported on the walls of the flue gas channel, and each layer the same or different refractory materials is formed, characterized in that seen from the oven room
- erste Schicht eine Deckschicht darstellt, die aus einem vollen Material gebildet ist und- First layer represents a cover layer, which is formed of a solid material and
- die zweite Schicht eine Unterschicht darstellt, die eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken oder dergleichen aufweist, wobei die Gasräume dieser Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken oder dergleichen mit dem Gasraum des darunter verlaufenden Rauchgaskanals verbunden sind.- The second layer is a lower layer having a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps or the like, wherein the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, gaps or the like are connected to the gas space of the underlying flue gas duct.
2. Horizontaler Koksofen nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Schicht eine gewölbeartig geschwungene Form hat und die erste Schicht mindestens eine ebene Oberseite aufweist.2. Horizontal coke oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the second layer has a vaulted-like curved shape and the first layer has at least one flat top.
3. Horizontaler Koksofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen der ersten und zweiten Schicht noch mindestens eine weitere Schicht oder Übergangselemente angeordnet sind.3. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that between the first and second layer nor at least one further layer or transition elements are arranged.
4. Horizontaler Koksofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Schicht aus Formsteinen gebildet ist, die aus Vollmaterial bestehen und derart angeordnet sind, dass zwischen benachbarten Formsteinen Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken oder dergleichen gebildet sind.4. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second layer is formed of molded blocks, which consist of solid material and are arranged such that openings, gaps, gaps or the like are formed between adjacent molded blocks.
5. Horizontaler Koksofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Schicht aus Formsteinen gebildet ist, wobei jeder einzelne Formstein mindestens eine Öffnung, Spalte, Lücke, Kanal oder dergleichen aufweist und idealerweise jeder einzelne Formstein mehrere Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, Kanäle oder dergleichen aufweist.5. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second layer is formed from molded bricks, each individual shaped brick having at least one opening, column, gap, channel or the like and ideally each individual molded block a plurality of openings, columns, Has gaps, channels or the like.
6. Horizontaler Koksofen nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Schicht aus vollmaterialigen Formsteinen und Formsteinen gemäß Anspruch 5 gebildet ist. 6. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the second layer is formed from full-bodied shaped bricks and shaped bricks according to claim 5.
7. Horizontaler Koksofen nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Schicht eine Kombination aus dem Schichtenaufbau gemäß den beiden Ansprüchen 4 oder 5 ist.7. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the second layer is a combination of the layer structure according to the two claims 4 or 5.
8. Horizontaler Koksofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen der ersten und zweiten Schicht mindestens eine weitere Schicht angeordnet ist, wobei der die erste Schicht bildende Formstein selbst eine Deckschicht und eine Unterschicht umfasst, wobei die Deckschicht aus Vollmaterial gebildet ist und die Unterschicht eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken oder dergleichen aufweist und diese Zwischenschicht bildet.8. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that between the first and second layer at least one further layer is arranged, wherein the forming the first layer forming block itself comprises a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer formed of solid material and the underlayer has a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps or the like and forms this intermediate layer.
9. Horizontaler Koksofen nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenschicht oder Übergangssteine, die zum Ausgleich von unterschiedlichen Konturen der Schichten vorgesehen sind, aus Formsteinen besteht, welche mindestens eine Öffnung, Spalte, Lücke, Kanal oder dergleichen aufweisen.9. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the intermediate layer or transition stones, which are provided to compensate for different contours of the layers, consists of molded blocks, which have at least one opening, column, gap, channel or the like.
10. Horizontaler Koksofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Koksofenboden in vertikaler Richtung aus nur einem vollstückigen Segment gebildet ist, das eine Deckschicht und eine Unterschicht umfasst, wobei die Deckschicht aus Vollmaterial gebildet ist und die Unterschicht eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, Kanälen oder dergleichen aufweist.10. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coke oven bottom is formed in the vertical direction of only a full segment comprising a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer a plurality of Has openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like.
11. Horizontaler Koksofen nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die den Koksofenboden bildenden Formsteine auf der Unterseite konvex gewölbt sind.11. Horizontal coke oven according to claim 10, characterized in that the coke oven bottom forming molding blocks are convexly curved on the bottom.
12. Horizontaler Koksofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der offene Querschnitt der Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, Kanälen oder dergleichen in der Unterschicht pro Quadratmeter unterschiedlich ist.12. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the open cross-section of the openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like in the lower layer per square meter is different.
13. Horizontaler Koksofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der offene Querschnitt der Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, Kanälen oder dergleichen pro Quadratmeter im Bereich der Türen und/oder der Ofenwände ohne Nachbarofen erhöht ist.13. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the open cross-section of the openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like per square meter in the region of the doors and / or the furnace walls is increased without adjacent furnace.
14. Horizontaler Koksofen nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Öffnungen, Spalten und Lücken zur gezielten Beheizung der Grundfläche der Ofensohle mit unterschiedlich kalibrierten Öffnungsquerschnitten versehen werden.14. Horizontal coke oven according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the openings, gaps and gaps for the targeted heating of the base surface of the furnace sole are provided with differently calibrated opening cross-sections.
15. Bodenformstein für Koksöfen in Horizontalbauweise, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser Formstein ein vollstückiges Bodensegment bildet, das eine Deckschicht und eine Unterschicht umfasst, wobei die Deckschicht aus Vollmaterial gebildet ist und die Unterschicht eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, Kanä- len oder dergleichen aufweist und im bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb15. Floor molding block for coke ovens in horizontal construction, characterized in that this shaped brick forms a complete ground segment, which comprises a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer, a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, Kanä- len or the like and in normal operation
- der Kokskuchen oder die Koksschüttung auf die Decksicht gefüllt wird und- the coke cake or the coke bed is filled on the deck view and
- die Unterschicht die Decke des Rauchgaskanals bildet.- the lower layer forms the ceiling of the flue gas channel.
16. Bodenformstein nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die äußere Kontur der zweiten Schicht eine gewölbeartig geschwungene Form hat und die erste Schicht mindestens eine ebene Oberseite aufweist.16. Floor molding stone according to claim 15, characterized in that the outer contour of the second layer has a vaulted-like curved shape and the first layer has at least one planar upper side.
17. Bodenformstein nach einem der Ansprüche 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser in der Breite an den jeweiligen Rauchgaskanal und die Dicke der Rauchgaskanalwände angepasst ist, so dass jeder Bodenformstein den jeweiligen Rauchgaskanal überspannt und auf den Rauchgaskanalwänden aufliegen kann, wobei am bestimmungsgemäßen Einbauort eine Vielzahl von parallelen Bodenformsteinen einen Rauchgaskanal überdecken.17. Floor molding stone according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that it is adapted in width to the respective flue gas duct and the thickness of the flue gas duct walls, so that each floor paving spans the respective flue gas duct and can rest on the flue gas duct walls, wherein the intended installation location a plurality of parallel bottom mold bricks cover a flue gas duct.
18. Formstein für Koksöfen in Horizontalbauweise gemäß einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unterschicht auf der Unterseite konkav zur Deckschicht hin gewölbt ist.18 molded block for coke ovens in horizontal construction according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the lower layer is concavely curved on the underside of the cover layer.
19. Verfahren zum Herstellen von Koks, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Koksofen in horizontaler Bauweise nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 eingesetzt wird. 19. A method for producing coke, characterized in that a coke oven in horizontal construction according to one of claims 1 to 11 is used.
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DE200610026521 DE102006026521A1 (en) 2006-06-06 2006-06-06 Horizontal oven for the production of coke, comprises a coke oven chamber, and a coke oven base that is arranged in vertical direction between the oven chamber and horizontally running flue gas channels and that has cover- and lower layer
DE202006009985U DE202006009985U1 (en) 2006-06-06 2006-06-06 Horizontal coke oven has a flat firebrick upper layer aver a domed lower layer incorporating channels open to ambient air
PCT/EP2007/004656 WO2007140891A1 (en) 2006-06-06 2007-05-25 Floor construction for horizontal coke ovens

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JP2009540024A (en) 2009-11-19
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RU2008152773A (en) 2010-07-20
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KR101476454B1 (en) 2014-12-24
EP2032673B1 (en) 2009-09-02
US9115313B2 (en) 2015-08-25
DE202006009985U1 (en) 2006-10-12
WO2007140891A1 (en) 2007-12-13
DE502007001456D1 (en) 2009-10-15
TW200823283A (en) 2008-06-01
RU2441898C2 (en) 2012-02-10
PT2032673E (en) 2009-11-13
AU2007256495A1 (en) 2007-12-13
PL2032673T3 (en) 2010-02-26
AU2007256495B2 (en) 2011-10-20
KR20090015104A (en) 2009-02-11
ES2330975T3 (en) 2009-12-17
CA2653512A1 (en) 2007-12-13
US20090283395A1 (en) 2009-11-19
JP5274452B2 (en) 2013-08-28
ATE441697T1 (en) 2009-09-15
BRPI0711959A2 (en) 2011-12-20

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