US733872A - Coke-oven. - Google Patents

Description

- PATBNTBD JULY 14, 1903. -G. S. RAMSAY. CUKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 31, 1902.

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@JOM/mfc o a c o No. 733,872. I PATENTED JULY 14, 1903. G. S'. RAMSAY.

COKE OVEN.

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G. s. RAMSAY. COKE ovN. APPLICATION 'FILED HAY 31, 1902.

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UNITED STATES rammed July '14, 190s.

PATENT OFFICE.

COKE-OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 733,872, dated-July 14, 1903.

Application filed May 31, 1902. `Serial No. 109,754. (No model.)

T0 a/ZZ whom t may concern:

Beit known that I, GEORGE SHARPE RAM- sAY, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Marys, in the county of Elk and State of Pennsylvania, have'invented a new and useful Coke-Oven, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to coke-ovens, and particularly to the beehive type of oven, and has for its object to provide for coking a maximum amount of coal in a minimum of time, toobviate the production of a black spongy coke at the bottom of the oven, and to produce a hard-bodied coke with a fullydeveloped cellular structure which is substantially uniform throughout the entire mass of coke.

Prior to drawing coke from the oven it is cooled by being sprayed with water, whereby in the ordinary beehive form of oven the iioor is also cooled, and when the ovenis recharged,

the temperature of ,the door being low, the coal does not ignite uniformly throughout the mass for the reason that as the top of the charge is the hottest the coal burns down-l wardly from the top of the mass, thereby resulting in an uneven development of the cellular structure and producing a black spongy coke at the bottom of the oven. In View of this disadVant-ageit is a further object of the present invention to obviate cooling of the Hoor by the water employed in cooling the coke and to maintain a uniform temperature throughout the oven, so as to hasten the ignition of the coal, todry up the water which collects upon the door of the oven, and thereby to obviate the usual layer of damp black spongy coke at the bottom of the mass.

In carrying out the objects just mentioned it is designed to collect the gases and products of combustion within the interior of the oven and to -carry the same back and forth beneath the floor, so as to maintain the latter in a heated condition. In this connection provision is made to prevent the gases and products of combustion from rentering the oven and mixing with the material therein, as such remixing of the gases with the coal is detrimental to the best results of the oven. It is furthermore designed to give convenient access to the flues or passages for carrying the gases and products 0f combustion from the iuteriorof the oven to thespace below the door of the oven in order that such iiues or passages may be conveniently cleansed, and it is also designed to give access to the flues or passages beneath the door of the oven, so that said passages may be cleansed and also to admit' external air beneath the floor for the purpose of supplying oxygen to the gases for promoting combustion thereof beneath the floor of the furnace.

With these and other objects in View the presentinvention consists in the combination and arrangement of parts, as will be hereinafter more fully described, shown in the accompanying drawings,and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that changes in the form, proportion, size,- and minor details may be made within the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

In the. drawings, Figure l is a vertical sectional view taken in the plane of the stack or chimney of a coke-oven constructed and arranged in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan section taken through a pair of adjacent ovens in different horizontal planes, one of these planes being across the top of the floor of one oven and the other being beneath the floor of the other oven to Vshow the dues or passages beneath the door. Fig. 3 is a Vertical sectional view taken on the lineB 3 of Fig. 2.

Like characters of reference designate corresponding parts in all of the figures of the drawings.

For an adequate understanding of the present invention there has been shown in the accompanying drawings a coke-oven 1, which is preferably circular in shape,`as shown in Fig. 2, and has a dome-shaped top, as in the ordinary beehive type of oven. While it is possible to use the ovens singly, it is preferred to arrange them side by side in close proximity and to Wall up the fronts of the ovens `with masonry 2, there being a wall of masonry 3 at each end .of the series of ovens. The spaces intervening between the masonry and the ovens and also between adjacent ovens are filled with loam 4., so as to retain the heat within the ovens and to strengthen the entire structure. At the center of the dome of each oven there is provided an opening 6, through which coalis introduced in charging the oven, and a doorway 7 is formed through the front wall of masonry for convenience in drawing the coke from the oven, this doorway being normally sealed when the oven is in operation.

The oor of the oven consists ot upper and lower layers of tile 8 and 9, with a filling of sand 10 between the two layers of tile, there also being an asbestos lining 11 between the sand and the lower layer of tile. The asbestos is fibrous, and the sand, which is granular, is supported by the asbestos, which prevents the sand from sifting through the cracks of the'layers of tile and producing openings. By this construction the gases are effectually prevented from rentering the oven after they have passed out of the same. While I prefer asbestos, it will of course be understood that other fireproof material may be employed.

Beneath the tioor of the oven and extending rearwardly is a diametric discharge-Hue 12, the front end of which opens outwardly through the front wall of masonry directly below the oven-door and is provided with a damper-door 13 to give access to the flue and also to admit external air thereto. This main discharge Hue leads rearwardly from the oven and communicates with the lower end of a stack or chimney 14, so as to carry olf the smoke and products of combustion. As best indicated in Fig. 2 of the drawings, it will be seen that the flue 12 is provided with a longitudinal upstanding partition 15, which extends from the front end of the iiue and terminates short of the rear end thereof, thereby dividing the tine into opposite longitudinal sections, both of which communicate with the stack or chimney. It will be noted that the discharge-tine is disposed diametrically from front to rear of the oven, and the partition 15 is located centrally of the flue, so that the fine-sections lie in the opposite half portions of the space below the tloor of the oven.

In addition to the main discharge-flue there are a plurality of radial ues located below the floor of the oven. Each half-section of the space below the ovenfioor is provided with a central radial Hue 16, which is disposed substantially at right angles to the main ue 12 and communicates at its inner end therewith, there being other radial tiues 17, preferably two in number, which have their inner ends terminated short of the main flue. The central flue 16 is connected with the other radial fines by transverse passages or fines 18, which intersect the iiues 17 and communicate with the main tine 12. The transverse fines are preferably disposed in arcs which are substantially concentric with respect to the vertical axis of the oven in order that there may be no angles to form abrupt shoulders, which might interfere with the free passage of the gases beneath the Hoor of the oven. The bottom iiues cause the bottom of the oven to be thoroughly subjected to the heating action of the gases without retarding the passage of the latter to the stack and without interfering with the draft, the gases being permitted to pass directly from the lower ends of the upright exterior tlues to the stack at the back of the oven. It will here be noted that the lower layer of tile 9 forms the tops of the iiues or passages beneath the floor of the oven, and the asbestos lining lies upon the top of this layer of tile, so as to eifectually prevent the gases from rising through the oor and entering the interiorof the oven, thereby to prevent deterioration of the coke by a remixing of the gases therewith. This is a veryimportant feature of the present invention, as it is very detrimental to the best results of the oven to have the gases reenter the same and mingle with the coke, since it impairs the cellular structure thereof and materially decreases the hardness of the coke.

To set up a communication between the interior of the oven and the flues or passages beneath the floor thereof, there is provided a plurality of upstanding flues 19, preferably four in number, which are located in diametrically opposite pairs, with two iiues at opposite sides of the main horizontal flue. Each of the upstanding ilues is built upon the exterior of the oven and conforms to the curvature of the dome, the upper end portion of the due being curved or bowed inwardly, as at 20, so as to communicate with an opening 21 in the dome, whereby the gases within the oven are adapted to be led outwardly through the several openings 21 and thence downwardly through the upstanding iiues 19 and into communication with the fines beneath the floor of the oven at the points of intersection between the outer ends ofthe radial lines 17 and the outermost transverse flues 1S. The upper end of each flue 19 is open at a point slightly above the opening 21 and is normally closed by means of a plate or tile 22, removably resting upon the top of the flue and held in place by the loam packed thereon, it being designed to remove the loam and the plate or tile whenever it is desired to have access to the interior of the Hue for cleansing the same. i

In operating the present form of oven it is charged with coal introduced through the opening 6 in the top of the dome to the level indicated hy the dotted line in each of Figs. l and Sof the drawings and designated coallevel, after which the mass is ignited, and as the coal burns the gases and products of combustion pass outwardly through the openings 21, as indicated by the arrows in Figs. 1 and 3, thence downwardly through the flues 19, thence into the network of iues beneath the floor, and, finally, out through the main fine 12 to the chimney. By this arrangement of tiues it will be apparent that the door of the oven is maintained in a highly-heated condition, whereby the coking of the coal IIO IIS

commences at the bottom as well as at the top and a highly-intensified temperature is maintained throughout the entire interior of the oven and the primary stages of coking are materially accelerated.

In order that the best results may be attained, ithas been determined by experiment that the openings 2l, which communicate with the tlues 19, should be located ina plane above the upper level of the coal and at a point above the door about three-fourths of the distance from the floor to the top of the dome. It is preferred to take the gases from a comparatively loW point rather than from the uppermost extremity of the oven, as the gases in the lower zone are in a better condition to unite with .oxygen and produce combustion in the iiues beneath the floor of the oven, and therefore the peculiar location of the gas-discharge openings in the dome of the oven is a very important feature of the present device. In connection with the heating of the floor of the oven it will be noted that the gases are conducted at each halfsection of the space at two points which are substantially at opposite extremities ot' the space, and from these points the tlues lead both directly and indirectly to themain iiue, whereby the gases are' quickly and evenly distributed and attack the Hoor of the oven substantially simultaneously throughout the entire area thereof and the gases are not held below the oor longer than they are capable of imparting heat thereto.

From the foregoing description it will be understood that it is designed to take the gases from the interior of the oven in a predetermined zone and to conduct these gases below the door of the oven so as to heat the latter from beneath, and it is also designed to eectually preventthe gases from entering the oven and mixing with the coal and coke. Furthermore, by the provision of the damper-door 13 at the front end of the main discharge-due l2 external air may be admitted to the iiues beneath the Hoor, so as to supply the desired quantity of loxygen to promote' combustion of the gases. This damper-door is also very useful to admit large quantities of cold external airinto the lues beneath the floor of the oven in the inal stages of the coking process to aid in cooling the coke prior to drawing the same through the door 7. The draft through the tlues may be further controlled by means of a damper 23 in the chimney or stack.

By having the coking process begin at the bottom of the mass as well as at the top thereof the lower portion ot' the coal becomes coked before the upper portion becomes impervious to the volatile mattei' disassociated from the said lower portion,whereby the product ot' the oven has a very low percentage of sulfur, as the latter rises from the bottom of the oven and escapes through the openings 2l Moreover, as the coal burns with a higher temperature any deposits of carbon-dust or soot are converted into coke and any carbon in the volatile gases will be deposited in the coke, thereby raising the percentage of fixed carbon and materially reducing the ashes and tine unmarketable coke. Another important advantage is that after one charge of coke has been withdrawn and the oven recharged the heated bottom of the oven dries up the water whichV is collected thereon from the cooling of the .previous charge, so that when coking commences there is no oceluded water in the coal tolcause eX- pansion of the coal, and thereby the production of a porous coke. As the oven is thoroughly dried before the coking commences, there is less waste in discolored sides and black butts where the coal rests against the sides and bottom of the oven.

l. A coke-oven provided with bottom tlues and having a iioor provided with a gas-excluding packing composed ot' fibrous and granular material, the former being adapted to hold the latter, substantially as described.

2. A coke-oven having bottom ues and providedwith a tloor having a gas-excluding packing composed of fibrous material and sand supported by the fibrous material,where bythe sand is prevented from sifting through the door, substantially as described.

3. A coke-oven having i'lues located below the iioor thereof and in communication with the interior of the oven to receive gases and products of combustion, tiling covering the upper sides of the lues, a packing of asbestos upon the tiling, a layer ot sand supported by the asbestos, and a layer of tiling upon the sand to form the floor of the oven, substantially as described. V

4. A coke-oven having a stack, a main iiue disposed centrally and transversely beneath the i'loor of the oven and in communication with the stack at one end and piercing the front Wall of the oven and communicating with the outside air at the other end, other iiues at opposite sides of the main ilue and in communication therewith, and exterior upstanding iiues having their upper ends piercing the wall of the oven with their lower ends in communication with the tlues at the opposite sides of the main flue, said upstanding iiues being located at opposite sides of th'e main ilue and at the front and back of the oven, substantially as described.

' 5. A coke-oven having a stack, a main flue communicating with the stack at one end and with the outer air at the other end, a plurality of substantially radial lues beneath the iioor communicating with the main flue, other tlues connecting the radial lines, and one or more upstanding ilues communicating with the interior of the oven and with the tlues beneath the tloor of the oven, substantially as described. Y f

6. A coke-oven having a stack, a central transverse main flue disposed beneath the floor and communicating with the stack at- IOO IIO

one end and with the outer air at the other end, substantially radial iues arranged beneath the floor and communicating with the main lue, transverse lines connecting the radial iiues and also communicating with the main Hue, and upstanding lues com municating with the interior of the oven and with the flues beneath the door thereof, substantially as described.

7. A coke-oven having a stack, a main flue arranged beneath the floor and communicating with the stack at one end and with the outer air at the other, substantially radial flues, some of which communicate with the main liue and others terminating short thereof, transverse flues conn ectin g the radial lines and also communicating with the main flue, and upstanding flues communicating at their lower ends with the points of intersection of some of the radial lilies and the outermost transverse flues, the upper ends of the upstanding lues being in communication with the interior of the oven, substantially as described.

8. A coke-oven having la main central flue located beneath the floor thereof with its outer end piercing the front of the oven and provided with a door, a stack in communication with the rear end of the main liuc, other flues beneath the floor at opposite sides of and in communication with the main liue, and dues communicating from theinterior of the oven to the lues beneath the floor, substantially as described. i

9. A coke-oven having acharging-opening at the top thereof, a door in the front of the oven for withdrawing the coke, a stack located in rear of 'the oven, a main flue located centrally below the floor of the oven with its front end piercing the front of the ovenwall and its rear end in communication with the stack, a damper-door for the front end of the flue, substantially radial ues at opposite sides of and in communication with the main flue and permitting the products of combustion to pass directly to the stack, other radial fines terminated short of the main flue, transverse lines connecting the radial lues4 and also in communication with the main fine, and independent upstanding flues upon the exterior of the oven-wall with their upper ends piercing the oven-wall for communication with the interior of the oven and their lower ends in communication with the flues beneath the lioor at the points of intersection between the outermost transverse ues and those radial iues which terminate short of the main ue, the upstanding lues being located at opposite sides of the main flue and `at the front and rear ot' the oven, substan tially as described.

10. A coke-oven having flues beneath the floor thereof, an upright flue located exteriorly of the oven to reinforce the same, with its upper end in communication with the interior of the oven and its lower end communicating with the ues beneath the floor, and

'maeva upright liues exteriorly of the oven to reinforce the same and conforming to the shape thereof,the upper end of each flue being bowed inwardly and piercing the dome of the oven, with the lower end of the liuc in communica tion with the ues beneath the floor, and a removable plate closing the upper rounded portion of the flue which is exterior of the oven, substantially as described.

12. A coke-oven having a dome, flues beneath the floor thereof, independent upstanding exterior lues having their upper ends piercing the dome below the charging-opem ing and their lower ends in communication with the fines beneath the lloor, said upstanding flues having their inner walls built against and following the curvature of the outside wall and dome of the oven, substantially as described.

13. A coke-oven having lines beneath the door thereof, independent upstanding exterior tlues having their upper ends piercing the oven-wall at the top below the chargingopening and their lower ends in communica tion with the liues beneath the floor, said upstanding flues having their inner walls fitted against and following the curvature of the outside wall of the oven, the top of the lues extending above the oven and covered by a removable closure, substantially as described.

14. A coke-oven having a stack, flues beneath the floor thereof, said flues being composed of a main flue, communicating with the stack and provided with a longitudinal partition, one end of the main line being in communication with the outer air, and a series ot' radial and concentric iues on each side of the main flue and communicating therewith.

15. A coke-oven having a charging-opening at the top thereof, a door in the front of the oven for withdrawing the coke, a stack located in rear of the oven, a main liue located centrally below the floor of the oven with its front end piercing the front of the oven-wall and its rear end in communication with the stack, a damper-door for the front end of the flue, substantially radial liues communicating with the main flue, and independent upstanding lues upon the exterior of the ovenwall with their upper ends piercing the ovenwall for communication with the interior of the oven and their lower ends in communication with the iiues beneath the loor, substantially as described.

16. A coke-oven having a dome-shaped top provided with a central charging-opening and a flue-opening piercing the dome and located below thel charging-opening, lines beneath the floor, means to admit air to the flues, a stack in communication with the flues, an upright lue built upon the exterior of the oven to reinforce the same with its upper end reg- IOO IIO

istered with the fiue-opening of the dome and its lower end projected beneath the floor and in communication with the lues, said upright fines being adapted to expand and contract with the oven, and soil packed about the oven and the upright flue and also upon the top of the dome, substantially as described.

17. A coke-oven having a dome-shaped top provided with a central charging-opening and a flue-opening piercing the dome below the charging-opening, fines beneath the floor of the oven, means to admit air to the fines, a main discharge-flue extending from beneath the iioor to the exterior ofthe oven, a stack in communication with the main flue, a door for drawing the coke, an upright iiue built upon the exterior of the oven and conformv 'a stack, a centrally-arranged main ilue 1oing to the shape of the same with its upper end registered with the flue-opening in the dome land its lower end extended beneath the floor and in communication with the dues, said upright ue being adapted to expand and contract with the oven, and soil packed about the oven and the iiues and also upon the top of the dome, substantially as described.

18. A coke-oven provided with a stack, a centrally-arranged main flue located beneath the fioor of the oven and piercing the front of the latter and communicating at itsrear end with the stack and provided with a longitudinal partition extending from its front end to the stack, a door arranged at the front end of the main iiue, other flues located beneath the floor and communicating with the main flue at opposite sides of the said partition, and upstanding lues communicating with the interior of the oven and with the flues beneath the floor, substantially as deflue, upstanding ilues communicating with 1 the interior of the oven, and radial 'lues located beneath the floor of the oven and extending from the upstanding fines to the main flue to permit the products of combustion to pass directly to the stack,.su`bstan tially as described.

20. A coke-oven provided at its back with cated beneath the ioor of the oven and extending from the front of thel latter to the stack and provided with a longitudinal partition, means for controlling the draft through the main flue, exteriorly-arranged upstanding ues communicating with the interior of the oven, and bottom ues located beneaththe floor and extending from the exterior ilues tothe main flue to permitthe products of combustion to pass directly from the upstanding fines to the stack, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

GEORGE SHARPE RAMSAY.

Witnesses:

C. J. RENWICK,

D. J. DRIsooLL.

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