US1535260A - Brickkiln - Google Patents

Description

J. F. SHERBAHN BRICKKILN April 28, 1925. 1,535,260

Filed Jan. 16, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet l April 2a, 1925. 1,535,260

J. F. SHERBAHN BRICKKILN Filed Jan. 53, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 awn I 5mm A ril 28, 1925.

1,535,260 J. F. SHERBAHN BRICKKILN Filed Jan. 16, 1924 3 Sheetsheet 5 2 7?. 5?

JE'SherZa EYZ Patented Apr. 28, 19250 JOHN F. I SHEB-EBAI'TN, t F WICOOOIK, NEBRASKA.

BRICKKILN.

Application filedfllanuary' 16; 1924.

T 0 all whom it may concern: Be it knowuthat I, JOHN F: SHERBAIIN, a "citizen of the "United"States; residing at ltlcGook inthe county ot' Redwillow and State of Nebraska, have invented" certain n ew a nd usei'ul liiiprovements in 'Briekkilns, oi which the "following is a specification.

This intention relates to'brick kilns and has for its'objecttheprovision of a-kiln which may be extendedtoany desired reasonable capacity without departing :troin the basicprinciples of its construction." Another object of the invention is toprovide novel means for hntintaining a draft through the kilnandut'ilizingsaid drattto carry otl the 'products of conlbustion toget-henavith the obnoxious fumes Which may be created during the process otburning" the brickl and a further, object of the invention is to provide a construction whereby the" desired draft will 'be* maintained with a stack of 'n'iiniinuinheight. @therolojects of the invention will appear incidentally in the course of the -following description, and the invention resides in certain novel features which will be hereinafter fully set forth and particularly defined.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate oneen'ibodiinent of the invention, Figure 1 is a:vieWfpartlv-hi plan and partly in liorizontal.section of my *in'lprovcd brick kiln; Fig. 2 is 'aYviewJpartly in side elevation andpartly in "longitiidinal vertical section, along the irregular line 22 0t 1; l ig. 3 is'an enlarged detail'view' of one oi the dampers;

Fig. t is a central longitudinal vertical section;

Fig. 5 is atransverse section on the line 55 of Fig. at; and r Fig. 6 is a 'leta'il transverse section on the line GG of Fig". t.

A kiln constructed in accordance with my intention embodies a :tron't wall 1, side walls 2 extending for any desired length accordinn to the intended capacity of the. kiln. and a back wall 8, the front and back walls connecting the side walls at the ends of the same as will be readily understood upon reference to Fig. '1. These several walls are erected upon a foundation or substriu-ture t which may be formed of concrete or brick or other suitable material, and the said substructure is of. such form that it'provides a central longitudinal tlue 5 extending}; from Serial. 686,622.

end to end of the kiln parallel with the side walls-and transverse walls-6 havingr'tlues E' therein establishing communication between the said central line 5 and chambers or short. vertical lines 60 in the side walls, the door of the kiln, indicated at 8, covering, all of the said lines. and the vertical 't'tues 60 having lateral openings 9 through the side walls to establish coinniiuiicatiou with. the'burning chamber. At intermediate points in the heights of the vertical fines, and )retlerably about at the'level of the floor 8, rings or collars 10 are set in said fines, and a filling ll o'tsandis placed around the said collars and supported by the laterally expanded annular bases 12 which carry the cohars. 'lhebases 12 maybe built into the sides of the said ilues or otherwise supported fixedly them in. Above each collar 10 a damper ill at airinvertcd cup form, shown'most clearly in Fig. 3. is provided, the rim portion ct this damper being of such diaineter that it is adapted to tit around the collar 10 and chilled its lower edge port-ion within the sand 11 so that, when the damper is lowered the line will be closed andsealed. The damper is operated by a rod 14L extending upwardly through the side wall of the kiln and projecting above the to 'rthereoflas shown in Fig. 2, a guiding and bearing plate lB-beiugr provided at the top of the side wall for the dainperrod, and a handle 16 being provided at theupper extremity of the rod. Doors 1'"? are provided in the sidewalls to permit the introduction of the brick to be burned and the removal of the burned bricln and tl'iese doorswilhot course, be closed while the burning proceeds.

ln'the front wall 1, I provide a plurality of lireboxes 18, and the said front wall is so formed, as shown at 19 that openings or passages will be'provided through which the heat from the'several tire-boxes may pass into the kiln. 'lly referring to Fig. 2 it will be noted that the lire-lion oompr es a grate 20 set in the front wall of the furnace and having an'ash pit 21 below the grate. while the passages 22 formed in the said front wall establish direct communication between the several fire-boxes and the interior of the kiln. It will also be noted upon reterrius: to Fig. lthat the lirebo?-:es are disposed in a'series extending entirely across the front wall with intervening: partitions so that. while the desired heat may be readily gen ated and carried into the burning chamber the wall will be strong enou h to remain intact for a long period.

The return flue 5 opens through the rear wall 3 and the ground around the same is removed, as indicated at 2*}, so that access may be had to the flue whenever desired. A stack is provided at some distance from the front wall of the kiln, and the flue 5 extends into the bottom of the stack, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. In that side of the stack facing the front wall of the kiln, I provide a fire-box 26 including a grate 2? with an ash pit 28 below the grate.

In use, the bricks or other wares to be burned, indicated at 31, are piled within the kiln until they reach a level just below the top of the same, spaces being left at intervals, as indicated at 29 and 30, to define flues extending longitudinally through the lower portion of the piled brick and vertically extending fire holes, respectively. Over all the piled ware, I place two flat layers of burned brick, 32, and these layers of fiat brick are covered with sand, as indicated at 33, openings being left through the flatting or burned brick and sand to receive fire pots 3st closing the vertical fire holes at their upper ends. The vertical fire holes and, of course, the fire pots are preferably arranged at regular intervals forming transverse rows from end to end of the kiln. The rear wall 3 is hollow, having a cham ber 35 therein which extends nearly to its top and communicates with the interior of the kiln through openings 36 in the front side of the wall. The foundation or substructure includes a transverse flue 7 under the rear wall communicating with the chamber 35 through openings 37 in the floor thereof, as shown in Figs. 4t and 6, short chambers (described above) being pro vided at the ends of the chamber 35. While it is more economical to fill the kiln for a burning, it is not necessary and the kiln may be fired when only partly filled. When the were has been piled and covered as above described, the top of the kiln is air-tight and no heat can escape therethrough, the draft being horizontal and down. After a burning, the sand or dirt n'iay be scraped off and stored on the walls of the kiln for use in the next burning. The burning is started at the front or furnace end of the kiln by building fires upon the grates 20. all the dampers 13 being raised. The fire on the grates is maintained and increased for several days until the ware attains a white heat, the time required depending on the moisture content of the green ware. ll hen the ware attains a white heat, the tires upon the grates are per mitted to gradually die out and firing is accomplished through the fire pots in the top. This top firing begins at the row of fire pots next the front end of the kiln and right above the grates, the dampers at and immediately in rear of said fire pots being closed. This row of fire pots is fired for five or six hours whereupon the second row is fired and succeeding rows in order until the eighth row is reached, at which time the fires in the first row are allowed to die out. The firing is thus carried progressively through the length of the furnace, the dampers bein closed in advance of the firing. When the firing has been carried to the rear wall of the kiln,'the chamber and the openings leading into and from the same provide the draft necessary to complete the burning.

In the process of burning, the heavy moist air is drawn off through the openings 5), the vertical flues and the cross flues 7 into the main fine 5 so as to pass out through the stack. By kindling a fire in the fire-box of the stack, a direct draft through the stack is established, and this draft creates a strong suction through the central line 5 so that the moisture from the green bricks will be carried off effectually with a stack of less height than is now generally required.

Having thus described the invention, I claim:

1. The combination of a brick kiln having a fire-box in its front wall in direct communication with the interior of the kiln, a stack in spaced relation to the front wall of the kiln, a lire-box in said stack, and a return flue extendin longitudinally under the floor of the kiln and establishing communi cation between the kihi and the base of the stack.

2. A brick kiln comprising side walls, a front wall and a back wall, a foundation upon which said walls are erected, a return flue extending longitudinally through the foundation and opening through the front and back ends of the foundation, transverse fiues establishing communication between the said return flue and the burning chamber of the kiln, a firebox at the front end of the kiln, a stack at the front end of the return flue, and a fire-box in said stack.

A brick kiln comprisin a front wall, a back wall, end walls connecting the front and back walls, a foundation extending under all the walls and providing a floor for the entire kiln, a central return line in said foundation, vertical flues in the lower portions of the side walls opening through the inner faces of the side walls into the interim; of the kiln, transverse flues connecting the several vertical lines with the central return line, dampers in said vertical lines whereby to control. the circulation through the same, a fire-box at the front end of the kiln, a stack in direct communication with the front end. of the return line, and a tire-box in said stack.

it. A kiln having a fire-box in its front Wall, an escape flue extending longitudinally through the foundation of the kiln and open at both ends, and fines extending transversely through the foundation of the kiln to connect the interior of the kiln With the escape flue.

5. A kiln comprising a front Wall, a back Wall, and side walls connecting the front and back Walls, a plurality of fire-boxes in JOHN F. SHERBAHN. 1 e]

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