US1139327A - Kiln. - Google Patents

Description

S. P. BEEBOUT & T. E. MORGAN.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED MAYI, 19m.

1,139,327. Patented May 11, 1915.

' I -2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

SQ Q

THE MORRIS PETERS Co., PHo7v-LITHO., WASHINGTON. D. c

S. P. BEEBOUT 6L T. E. MORGAN.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED MAYI. 1914.

1,139,327. Patented May 1I, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ATTORNEYS THE NORRIS PETERS C0., PHOTO-LITHO.. WASHINGTON. D, C,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC. i

SAMUEL` PLUMMER BEEBOUT, or' NNW OUMBERLAND, Wnsr VIRGINiA, AND THOMAS EvArvr MORGAN, or COLUMBUS, OHIO.

' KILN.

Speecation of Letters Patent.

Patented May 11, 1915.

Application led May 1, 1914. Serial No. 835,641.

BEEBOUT, a citizen of the United States, and

a resident of New Cumberland, in the county of Hancock and State of `West Virginia, and THOMAS EVART MORGAN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Columbus, in the county of Franklin and State of Ohio, have made certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention is an improvement in kilns, and has for its object to provide a kiln of .the circular stationary type, for use in burning sewer pipes, tiles, conduits, and other productsfrom shale and clay, wherein a novel arrangement of flues, passages and supporting floors is provided, so arranged as to obtain a uniform heat effect on the ware, throughout the interior of the kiln, to 1nsure uniform burning of the ware.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a longitudii nal vertical section of the improved kiln, Fig. 2 is a horizontal section with a part of the supporting floor broken away, Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the kiln, with parts broken away, Fig. 4 is a section through the inclosing wall at one of the fire boxes or furnaces, and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a portion of the annular flue and the covering therefor.

In the present embodiment of the invention, the kiln consists of an annular inclosing wall l, having a base 2 below the surface of the ground, and the said wall is provided near its upper end, and on its inner face with an annular shoulder or ledge 3, upon which rests the edgeof the arched roof 4, and the said roof is provided with a central outlet 5, which may be closed when desired.

Just below the level of the floor 6 which extends transversely of the kiln at a point below the ground level there is provided an annular passage 7, which extends entirely around the kiln at the inclosing wall 1, and this passage 7 is provided with a facing wall 8 fitting against the inner surface of y the inclosing wall 1, an inner wall 9 to be later described, and a cover composed of blocks 10 to be later described. The annular passage 7 communicates with a central chamber 10b arranged below the floor 6, by means of radial fiues 13, the said iiues being stack wall.

eight in number in the present instance. The flues 13 lead from the annular passage, as before stated, and open into the chamber 10b, as shown in Fig. 1, and a passage 14 leads from the bottom of the said chamber to thestack 15. The chamber 10b has an arched top, and a central opening 16 is provided in the top. The said opening registers with an opening in the floor of the kiln, thus placing the chamber in communication with the interior of the kiln beneath the oor that supports the ware. A sump 17 is provided adjacent the stack, and below the passage 14, and into which the said passage opens, and the said sump opens above the ground level, the opening being normally closed, however, by a cover plate 18. The

per 19 moves in guides 20 at that wall of the sump adjacent to the stack. The damper is supported in open position, by means of a link 21 which engages a hook 22 on the Bags or chimneys 23 are arranged above the annular passage 7 at spaced intervals, the said bags or chimneys being arranged between the radial passages.

Between the bags or chimneys 23 the annular passage 7 is covered by the blocks 10 before mentioned, and the said blocks are of a length to extend from approximate contact with the inner surface of the inclosing wall 1, to the center of the inner wall 9 of the said passage. At the lower ends of the bags or chimneys 23 the top of the annular passage 7 is imperforate. Each of the blocks 10 is provided in one side edge with a groove 24, and when the blocks are laid as shown in Fig. 3, with their side edges in contact, there will be a passage between each pair of adjacent blocks, for placing the interior of the annular passage 7 in communication with the interior of the kiln. The inner wall 9 of the annular passage is provided with openings 25 above the floor 6, and the said openings are of larger size at a point halfway between adjacent bags .or chimneys, and gradually decrease in size toward the chimneys at either side. Were the ends of the blocks 10 abutted against the inner surface of the inclosing wall there would be a dead space at this point from the outer ends of the grooves 24 to the kiln wall. To eliminate this space, the outer ends of the bricks 10 are spaced apart from ioor formed by the block 26, and on thel the inner surface of the kiln wall about two inches, and fire bricks 10a are arranged on end between the kiln wall and the ends -of the blocks 10, the said bricks 10a being spaced apart at their adjacent side edges to form vertical passages.

The bag walls are provided with live floors up to the walls in the same way. It will be evident that in laying the bricks 10, since they are of practically thesame cross section from end to end, they will be spaced apart slightly at their outer ends,- and the space between the said ends provides a passage to the spaces between the bricks 10a. In addition, the material forming the outer wall of the annular iiue 7 is chipped at the top, forming passages leading to the passages between the fire brick 10u. In this manner all of the space from the center to the inner surfacey of the inclosing wall of the kiln is live,7 and the ware will be burnt uniformly.

The ware supporting floor of the kiln is composed of blocks 26, each having a trans-l verse groove 27 in each side edge, or the said blocks may be similar to the blocks 10. The blocks 26 when used, are laid with their side edges adjacent, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and they are supported by cross walls 28. The walls 28 supporting the blocks 26, extend across the kiln, the ends of the walls engaging the wall 9 between openings 25, or if not so arranged, the said walls must be spaced at their ends from the wall 9. The walls 28 are formed of blocks or bricks, and are provided with openings 28 at regular intervals.

The openings of each wall 28 are staggered with respect to the openings of the adjacent walls, in such mannerfthat the products of combustion must follow a zigzag or sinuous course in traversing the space beneath the ware supporting floor. The walls 28 are composed of piers or columns, spaced apart from each other and connected by a top course of bricks or blocks laid end to end. The bloeks26. are supported by the before-mentionedtop course, and each of the blocks 26 extends at its ends to approximately the center of the adjacent walls, and the blocks of each course may contact at their ends with the blocks of the adjacent courses. The ware is supported on the blocks 10. Eight furnaces or fire boXes 29 are provided in the present instance, each furnace being at a bag or chimney and opening into the said bag or chimney at its inner end. Each furnace or fire boX has a solid or imperforate hearth or Hoor over the annular passage 7, and althougheach fire box or furnaceextends across the annular passage they do not communicate with the passage, nor do they have any connection with it in any manner.

yThe products of combustion from the fur'- nace 2-9 pass upwardly out `at the vopen yupper-ends of the bags or chimneys 23, to

the top of the kiln, and downwardly through the ware supported on the blocks 26and between said blocks, and between the blocks 10, and through the openings 25 into the annular passage 7. From the passage 7 the products pass to the central chamber 10"` by way of the radial passage 13, and from thence by way of the passage 14 to the stack.

The features of importance in the' construction are the annular or ring flue or passage 7, `the radial flues 13, the central chamber, the main flue 14, the sump 17, the arrangement of the bags or chimneys, and the grid floor for supporting the ware. It will be noted from an inspection of Fig. 1, that the radial flues 13 incline downwardly toward the'central chamber and open into the said chamber above the bottom thereof, and that the bottom of the annular passage, is at the level of the bottom of the radial passages, so that drainage is free and uninterrupted, to the main passage 14, and to the sump 17. rlhe arrangement of fines or passages also insures a uniform'and thorough distribution of the heated gases, the said gases traveling through every part of the interior of the kiln, and through the ware, insurfing thus complete and uniform burning of the ware. All of the flues are easily accessible for cleaning or repairs, and since the heat is so uniformly distributed, the full heat-value of the fuel is utilized, making it possible to burn a kiln more efficiently with the same amount of fuel than in the ordi- -nary kiln, The'particular arrangement of -supportingiioor for the ware provides a firm support the several elements of which cannot shift in any direction, since they j bear against all of the surrounding elements, while at the same time there is ample passage for the heated gases.

The openings in the walls 28 which support the grid floor are staggered with respect to the openings of the adjacent wall, so that the gases must travel laterally to pass through the openings of the neXt wall. The arrangement of the annular flue and the blocks 10 which cover said flue, provides `additional space in the kiln which is ordinarily lost. That space adjacent to the lining wall between the bags or chimneys is in the ordinary kiln dead, and ware placed here will not be burned, because of the fact that the heated gases are not directed into such space. lVith the improved construction however, the products of combustion may pass downwardly through the openings between the blocks 10, and ware arranged above said blocks between the bags or chimneys will be perfectly burnt. The ioor 6 may be of fire brick or tamped clay,

' lar flue to the space between the lire brick and it will beunderstood'that the number of ires or furnaces will depend upon the size of the kiln.

In operation, the heated gasesof combustion pass up through the bag iiues 23 to the interior of the kiln, and they are deflected downwardly through the ware, the gasesk discharged from any one bag mingling with the gases from all the other bags, so that the heat isuniform throughout the kiln. The gases pass down through the ware, and through the openings or passages of the grid floor, to the space between the said floor and the floor 6. Here the gases pass into the ring flue, and from thence through the radial flues to the central chamber and to the stack. The main passage or flue 14 from the central chamber to the stack inclines downwardly toward the sump, so that all drainage is toward the sump. The wall ofthe main flue next to the kiln wall is of fire brick, approximately four inches thick. The blocks 10 do not extend into contact with this wall, but are spaced apart at their outer ends about two inches from the said wall. The remaining two inches is taken up by fire bricks standing on end, and spaced about two inches apart, thus leaving openings through which the gases of combustion pass down at the wall of the kiln inside. Otherwise the iioor would be dead for four inches in width all around the kiln. Next to the wall inside the ware would not burn properly unless the space were so arranged. The back walls are provided with live floor up to the walls in the same way.

It will be noted from an inspection of Fig. 5, that the outer wall 8 of the annular flue is provided with notches or recesses 8a at its top which lead to the space between the fire brick 10a. The ends of the blocks 10l at the passages 8a arealso beveled or chipped, as shown at 8b, for coperating with the notches 8a to permit the passage of the products of combustion from the annu- 1. In a kiln,the combination with the annular inclosing wall, and the arched roof, the wall having openings, and furnaces at the openings, the kiln having an imperforate Hoor, of an annular flue or passage encircling the kiln at the inner surface of the inclosing wall, a central chamber arranged below the iniperforate ioor and having a central opening, the floor having an opening registering with the opening of the chamber, said kiln having radial fiues or passages leading from the annular passage to the central chamber, and having a main flue leading from the bottom of the central chamber to the stack, said kiln having a sump'in the said main passage adjacent to the stack, and a damper for controlling the said main passage atthe sump, bags or chimneys at each furnace inside the kiln, each bag communicating with the interior of the kiln at the upper end of the bag, transverse supporting walls arranged on the imperforate es.y

licor, and a grid floor for .the ware supported bythe supporting wall, said annular flue having a perforate top between the bags, said grid lfloor and the perforate top of the annular passage being composed of blocks laid alongside each other in courses, the ends of the blocks in the adjacent courses of the grid Hoor abutting, each block having transverse grooves in its vertical side edges for placing. the interior of the kiln in communication with the space below the grid floor, the inner wall'of the annular flue having openings, said openings being of greater size between the adjacent bags and gradually decreasing in size toward the adjacent bags.

2. In a kiln, the combination with the annular inclosing wall, and the arched roof, the wall having openings, and furnaces at the openings, the kiln having an imperforate floor, of an annular flue or passage encircling the kiln at the inner surface. of the inclosing wall, a central chamber arranged below the imperforate floor and hav'- ing a central opening, the floor having an,

the stack, and ardamper for controlling the said main passage at the sump bags or chimneys at each furnace inside the kiln, each bag communicating with the interior 'of the kiln at the upper end of the bag,

transverse supporting walls arranged on the imperforate loor, and a grid floor for the f ware supported by the supportingwalls, said annular flue having a perforate top Abetween the bags, said grid floor and the perforate top of the annular passage being composed of blocks laid alongside each other in courses, the ends of the blocks in the adjacent courses of the grid floor abutting, each block having transverse grooves in its vertical side edges for placing the interior of the kiln in communication with the-space below the grid floor, and the inner wall of the annular floor having openings.

8. In a kiln, the combination with the annular inclosing wall, and the arched roof, the wall having openings, and furnaces at the openings, the kiln having an imperforate floor, of an annular flue or passage encircling the kiln at the inner surface of the inclosing wall, a central chamber arranged below the imperforate floor and having a central opening, the floor having an opening registering with the opening of the chamber, saidV kiln having radial vHues or" passages leading from the annular'passage to the central chamber, and having a main Hue leading from the bottom ofthe central "chamber to the stack, said kiln having a imperforate Hoor, and a grid Hoor for the ware supported by the supporting wall, said annular Hue having a perforate top between the bags, the inner wall of the annular passage having openings leading to the space between the grid Hoor and the imperforate Hoor.

4l. A kiln having an inclosing Wall and an imperforate Hoor and a centrall chamber below the Hoor, and having an annular Hue or passage at the inclosing wall, and having radial Hues or passages leading from the annular Hue to the central chamber, and inclining downward toward said chamber, and having a main discharge Hue-leading Jfrom the bottom vof the central chamber, the inclosing wall being perforated at intervals for admitting the heated gases `i'rom the furnaces to the interior of the kiln, the kiln having bags or chimneys within the kiln at each of the said openings and communicating at their upper ends with the interior of the kiln, said kiln having a perforate Hoor for supporting the ware spaced above the imperforate Hoor and extending from the top of the annular Hue between the bags or chimneys, and having perforat'e cross walls for supporting the perforate Hoor, the inner wall of the annular Hue having openings between the bags, said openings being of greatest size intermediate the bags and decreasing in size 'toward the bags,- the central chamber having a central opening in its top and the imperforate Hoor having an opening registering therewith, the perforate Hoor consisting of blocksy laid inV courses, the

blocks of thev courses having their side edges abutting, and the members of each course abutting at their ends' against the members of the adjacent courses, each block'having a vertical groove in one of its side edges.

g A kiln having an inclosing wall and an imperforate Hoor and a central chamber below the Hoor, and having an annular Hue or passage at the inclosing wall, and having radial Hues or passages leading from the annular Hue to the central chamber, and inclining downwardly toward said chamber, and having a main discharge Hue leading from the bottom of the central chamber, the inclosing wall being perforated at intervals for admitting the heated gases from the furnaces to the interior of the kiln, the kiln Maasai" having bagsi'or chimneys'withinthe kiln at I' each of the said openings and communicat- K ing at their upper ends with the interior of the kiln, said kiln 'having a perforate Hoor for vsupporting the ware spaced above the imperforate Hoor and extending above the top lof the annular Hue between the bags or chimneys, and having perforate cross walls forsupporting the perorate Hoor, the inner wall of the annular Hue having openings between the bags, said openings being of greatest size intermediate the bags and decreasing in size toward the bags, the central chamber having a central opening in its top and the lmperforate Hoor having an'opening registering therewith.

6.,A kiln having an inclosing wall and an imperforate Hoor and a central chamber below the Hoor, and having an annular Hue or passage at the inclosing wall, and having radial Hues or passages leading from the anso i nular Hue to the central chamber, and in- `lclining downwardly toward said chamber,

and having a main discharge Hue leading from the bottom of the central chamber, the inclosing wall being perforated at intervals for admitting the heated gases from the furnaces to the interior of the kiln, the kiln having bags or' chimneys within the kiln at each of the said openings and communicating at their upper ends with theinterior of the kiln, said kiln v`having a perforate Hoor for supporting the ware spaced above the imperforate Hoor and extending above the top of the annular Hue between the bags or chimneys, and'having perforate cross walls for supporting the perforate Hoor, the inner wall of the annular Hue having openings between the bags.

7. A kiln having' an inclosing wall and an imperforate Hoor and a central chamber below the Hoor, and having an annular Hue or passage atthe inclosing wall, and having radial Hues or passages leading from the an- ;nular Hue to the central chamber, and having a Vmain discharge Hue leading from the ,bottom of the central chamber, said kiln having a perforate ware supporting Hoor spaced above the lmperforate Hoor and covv ering the topv of the annular Hue, the inner wall of theannular Hue having openings in its inner wall.

8. A kiln having an inclosing wall and an imperforate Hoor and a central chamber below the Hoor, and having an annular Hue or passage at the inclosing wall, and having radial Hues or passages leading from the annular Hue to the central chamber, and having a main discharge Hue leading from the bottom of the central chamber, the kiln having a perforate ware supporting Hoor forming the top of the annular passage.

9. A kiln` having an inclosing wall and an imperforate Hoor and a central chamber below the Hoor, and having4 an annular Hue or passageat the inclosing wall, and extending above and below the floor and having radial fines or passages beneath the floor leading from the annular flue to the central chamber, and having a main discharge flue leading from the bottom of the central chamber.

10. In a kiln having an inclosing wall and an imperforate Hoor, the inclosing wall having transverse openings at intervals for admitting the gases of combustion, said kiln having an annular flue at the inclosing wall and having bags or chimneys at the openings and above the annular flue, said kiln having a perforate ware supporting iioor forming the top of the annular flue between the bags, the annular flue having openings in its inner wall, and having a discharge flue with which the annular chamber communicates, said communication consisting of radial passages leading from the annular flue to the center of the kiln.

11. In a kiln having an inclosing wall and an imperforate floor, the inclosing wall having transverse openings at intervals for admitting the gases of combustion, said kiln having an annular iiue at the inclosing wall and having bags or chimneys at the openings and above the annular flue, said kiln having a perforate ware supporting floor forming the top of the annular flue between the bags, the annular flue having openings in its inner wall, and having a discharge flue with which the annular chamber communicates.

12. In a kiln of the character specified, the combination with the inclosing wall, of a continuous iiue or passage at the inclosing wall and extending entirely around the kiln, said kiln having a central chamber spaced below the bottom thereof, and having radial passages leading from the annular flue to the central chamber, said central chamber having a discharge opening leading from the bottom thereof, the inclosing wall having openings for admitting heated gases to the kiln, and having a bag or chimney communicating with the interior of the kiln 'at its upper end, the top of the first-named passage being perforated, and the hav- Gopes of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

ing a perforate ware supporting floor, and the inner wall of the first-named passage having openings communicating with the space beneath the ware supporting floor, said bags or chimneys being between adjacent radial flues.

13. In a kiln of the character specified, the combination with the inclosing wall, of a continuous flue or passage at the inclosing wall and extending entirely around the kiln, said kiln having a central chamber spaced below thebottom thereof, and having radial passages leading from the annular iue to the central chamber, said central chamber having a discharge opening leading from the bottom thereof, the inclosing wall having openings for admitting heated gases to the kiln, and having a bag or chimney communicating with the interior of the kiln at its upper end, the top of the first-named passage being perforate, and the kiln having a perforate waresupporting floor, and the inner wall of the iirst-named passage having openings communicating with the space beneath the ware supporting floor.

14. In a kiln of the character specified, the combination with the inclosing wall, of a continuous flue or passage at the inclosing wall and extending around the kiln, cross walls extending across the kiln and having transverse openings, the openings of each wall being staggered with respect to the openings of the adjacent walls, a perforate iioor supported by the cross walls and covering the top of the annular flue or passage, said floor consisting of blocks laid alongside each other, each block having a transverse groove in one side edge, the blocks being spaced apart from the inclosing wall, and brick arranged on end between the ends of the blocks and the inclosing wall and spaced apart to form passages for the products of combustion between the brick.

SAMUEL PLUMMER BEEBOUT. THOMAS EVART MORGAN. Witnesses:

D. A. MooN,

ALLENE MooN.

Washington, D. G.

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