US1913599A - Kiln - Google Patents

Description

June 13, 1933.

H. C. KLEYMEYYER KILN Filed March 50 v1952 '7 Sheets-Sheet l HENRY QKEYMEYER,

A'r-ronuns June 13, 1933.( H. c. KLEYMEYER 1,913,599

KILN

Filed March so, 19:52 vsheets-sheet 4 l: HENRY C. KLEYMEYER,

D @Y Y I AT'ToRuEvs June 13, 1933; H. c. KLEYMEYER 9 1,913,599

KILN

Filed March so, 1932 #sheets-sheet 5 Flan?. 26 23 [Nl/Enron HENRY C. KLEYMEYER,

59AM 75ML@ K A TroRNEYS Junge 13, 1933. H, c, KLEYMYEYER 1,913,599

FIG. 11.

KILN

Filed March. so, 1932 7 Sheets-sheet s [Nv/Enron HENRY c. KLB/MEYER,

Imm *SIMM #1T-romans June 13, 1933. H. c. KLEYMEYER 1,913,599

KILN

Filed March 50, 1932 l- 7 Sheets-Sheet 'T lNvl-:NToR HENRY c, msvMeyfR,

ATTORNEYS Patented June 13, 1933 UNITED STATES HENRY C. KLE'YMEYER, OF vEVAN'S'VILLE, INDIANA KILN Application fnedMarch 3o, 1932. serial No. 602,041.

'lhisinvention relates to improvements in kilns and in the arrangement and connection of a plurality of kilns and the method of heating the `kilns in continuous sequence.

It is an object of this invention to provide, in connection with a kiln, means for producing heat and distributing the heat in equal streams around the interior of the kiln, and conducting the heat streams toward the center, and downwardly through the bottom of the kiln, For this purpose there is provided within the kiln, aud spaced Jfrom the walls t.hereof,'a flash wall providing a combustion chamber intowhich individual burners project. Immediatelyy above each burner and supported by the flash wall in connection with the main wall, arev spaced tiles or slabs forming openings for the distribution ofthe heat as it risesbetween the two walls.

It is also au object. of this invention to provide. in connection with a plurality of interconnected kilns, means adapted to be associated with one kiln for withdrawing heat from another kiln and for water smoking or preheating` purposes.

It is another object of this invention to provide, in connection with a plurality of kilns, means for withdrawing heat from a `eooling kiln liy causing a current of air through the kiln in a direction reverse to the heating current, and directing the stream of hot air thereby created linto a kiln for water smoking purposes. The heated air taken from a cooling kiln may also Abe used for forced draft in firing a kiln with coal or natural gas, or it may he conveyed to a drying'chamber or dryer to dry the green ware as it is made.

It is a further object of this invention to provide, in connection with a pluralityof kilns, a waste heat collecting and distributing flue having a connecting flue to each kiln to serve a dual purpose, one to take waste heat out oit the kiln that is cooling; the other to allow waste heat to enter the kiln for wat-er smoking purposes. In each connecting flue is a plurality of dampers arranged to prevent the leakage of conihustion gas into the waste heat collecting and distributing lue during the tiring operation. These plural dampers are so situated that each one aids the other inpreventing the escape of the combustion gas from the kilnbeing fired into the waste heat'iue.

It is also an object of this invention to pro` 55 vide a method of heating one or more kilns by drawing therethrough the waste heat or combustion gases from anl adjacent or a remote kiln which is burning or being cooled. The method includes the step of drawing cool air through a cooling kiln and the step of forcing the cool air, heated by passing through said cooling kiln, into another kiln for water smoking purposes. It also includes the step of heating one kiln and the Step of 65 I preheating another kiln by drawing the com- `loustion gases from the kiln being heated through the kiln to loe preheated. Y These and other advantages will appear from the following description taken in 'con- 70 nection with the drawings. y

rReferring to the drawings:

Figure l shows a series of kilns arranged according to the preferred plan `in a single row. 75

Figure 2 shows a double row or series of kilns arranged in a modified plan,` so there may be a coiitinuolis operation of the kilns without any interruption.

Figure 8 is a. vertical` longitudinal section through one of the kilns.

Figure 4 is a top plan view of one of the kilns.

Figure 5 is a vertical section through one side of one of the kilns, showing the con- 85 struction of the kiln away from the distributing flue.

Figure 6 is a top plan View of one of the kilns and part ot' another, with sections thereof broken away to show .the interior con- 90 struction of the kiln.

Figur-e 7 .is a fragn'ientary view showing a horizontal section through one side of one of the kilns, just beneath the surface Vof the ground, so that the draft flue and a part of the combustion chamber are shown.

Figure 8 is a vertical section through one side of the. kiln showing the application of "the burner to the kiln.

Figure is a horizontal section through a part of the waste heat tunnel, an adjacent part of the kiln and the connection between the waste heat tunnel and the kiln.

Figure 10 is a section on the line 10-10 of Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a rear elevation of the fan truck.

Figure 12 is a side elevation of the far. truck.

Figure 13 is a vertical section through one side of the kiln, showing another form of spreader.

Figure 14 is a vertical section on the line 14-14 of Figure 13.

Figure 15 is a view similar to Figure 13 but showing a slightly modified form of preader from that shown in Figures 13 and Figure 16 is a section on the line 16-16 of Figure 15.

In Figure 1 there is shown a. series of kilns arranged in line and connected lto one another. These kilns are indicated'by the letters A, B, C, D, E and F.

In Figure 2 a ring series of kilns is shown. In this series, in addition to the kilns shown in Figure l, there are tive other kilns designated G, H, I, J and K, connected to each other in the same manner that the kilns of Figure 1 are, and connected to the kilns of Figure 1 at the end of the series.

In Figure 3 there is shown a longitudinal, vertical section of one of the kilns. Each kiln has the usual wall 1` which is circular in shape, with a base 2 made of brick, or other suitable material. T he walls are usually made of brick. The fioor of the` kiln is indicated bythe numeral 3, which has openings 4 extending downwardly and terminating in branches 5 that converge into a central chamber 5a, from which there is an outlet or distributing flue 5b.

This flue 5b is connected to the inlet flue 6 of an immediately adjacent kiln. This inlet {'lue terminates on the inside of the wall of the kiln in a circular chamber 7. Immediately above the circular chamber, and between a flash wall 8 which surrounds the floor of the kiln and the wall of the kiln proper, is a combustion chamber 9. This combustion chamber is separated from the circular chamber 7 by means of a floor or partition 7a,

which has a plurality of equally spaced holes or openings 7 b therein for the passage of hot gases. This partition 7 a. with the equally spaced holes therein aids in the distribution of the combustion gases for preheating purposes, and also in withdrawing the hot air from the kilns for cooling purposes.

Arranged at suitable points around the upper edge, and between the wall 1 land the flash wall 8, are horizontal spreaders 10 or arcuate spreaders 10a and 10b, as shown in Figures 13 to 16, inclusive, which serve to divide the incoming hot gases into a large number of small streams that pass upwardly and engage the dome or crown 11, which is concave in .shape and tends to cause the streams of rising gases to converge towards the top of the dome,` and take a downward course through the material being burned,

and out through the openings 4 in the floor,

into the branches 5, to the central chamber 5a and outlet 5b, which leads into the inlet of the adjacent kiln.

On top of the dome or crown is an opening or hole, closed let flue is a damper 13, operated from the ground level. There is a similar damper 14 in the outlet flue 5b. Between the flues 5b and 6 are openings or fan connections 33, later to be described.

For the purpose of providing gas to the kilns a gas main 15 is provided on one side of the single row of kilns, or on both sides of the double row of kilns. From these gas mains a branch 16 extends to a kiln main 17 for each kiln. These kiln mains extend in a circle around the top of the wall, and have extending therefrom a plurality of branches 18, each having a valve 19 therein to control the flow of gas therein. Each branch 18 terminates in a burner 20, which projects through the wall of the kiln, as snown in Figure 3.

Around each kiln and below the ground surface is an air pipe or draft Hue 21, which has extending upwardlytherefrom a branch 22 for each burner. come together in the burner in a manner similar to that of a Bunsen burner.

In order that preheated air may be supplied through the draft flue, there is connected with each draft flue a fan base 23, which'is adapted to support thereon a fan 24 having an outlet pipe 25 from an inlet 26 into the draft flue. By means of this fan and its connection with the .draft .'flue, preheated air is provided to the draft flue for combustion purposes for either natural gas or other kind of fuel.

Adjacent one side of the series of kilns as shown in Figure 1, or between the two rows of kilns as shown in Figure 2, there is a waste heat Hue or tunnel 27 connected to the interior of each kiln by means of a connecting flue 28 leading to the combustion chamber 9. In each connecting flue there are three dampers 29, arranged in spaced relationship to each other, as shown in Figures 9 and 10. These dampers extend through slots 31 in the roof or top of the connecting flue and lit in slots 30 in the sides and in the bottom thereof.

The roof or top of the connecting flue between the dampers has a limited amount of open space to the atmosphere controlled by sliding plates, which prevent or break the suction createdl on either side of the dampers in the connecting flue. These dampers are primarily for the purpose of preventing the by a lid or cap 12. In the inthe fan, and

Vkiln to the Waste heat liie 2T lobe used fora dual purpose. First. to draw the waste heat out of a cooling kiln int-o flue 27: second. to provide an inlet from the waste heat flue 2T into the kiln for water smoking purposes.

Branching ott from the waste heat fine or tunnel is a flue 34 for eoiiveying hot air or,

Waste heat to a drying chamber. This flue is controlled by three dampers 35. similar to the dampers 29. The fan for withdrawing hot air or combustion gases from 'onev kiln and delivering them to another is shown in Figures 11 and 12, and consists of a fan 37, supported on a truck 36. This fanhas an inlet 38 adapted to be connected to an outlet `33 in a passageway formed by the fines 5b.

and 6 or to an outlet 32 aty one'side of the waste heat flue.

In operation the various kilns are in different heat conditions at any time of operation. In order to clearly bring out the operation of the series of kilns, it is supposed that kiln B is burning; lhln A is cooling; kiln C is preheated kiln D is Water smoking, while kiln E is vbeing filled and kiln F is being emptied. At this stage of operation one of the fans is forcing air into the draft fine, and for that purpose is attached to the fan platform, as shown in Figure 4.

The kiln A has its damper 13 close-d and damper 14 open so that fresh air passes iu beneath the tloor of the kiln, up through the floor, down through the combustion chainber and out in to the, waste heat tunnel for preheating, Water smoking and drying purposes.

During the time that the kiln B is burning a fan isapplied to the outlet of kiln C so that hot gases are drawn from kiln B, through the kiln vfor preheating purposes. The. burning kiln has been heated to a temperature of about two thousand degrees, and by dra-Wing the hot gases from the burning kiln, through the preheating kiln, the temperature of the preheating kiln is raised to about 800 degrees. This operation continues until the burning in kiln B is finished and the material in kiln C has been preheated tor burning purposes. At the same. time hot air and Waste heat are being drawn 'from the. Vcooling kiln A, and driven into the wat-er smoking kiln D. By means of thephot air and the waste heat this kiln is heated to a temperature of about 200 degrees. This is sufficient to remove the remaining moisture from the material in the kiln preparatory for the step of preheating.

After the burning has been finished in .kiln B, kiln C becomes the burning kiln; kiln D becomes the preheating kiln, and kiln E becomes the water smoking kiln; kiln F is the filling kiln and kiln A becomes the -emptying kiln and kiln B is the cooling kiln. The process described in connection with the burning ofkiln B is repeated.

By means of the arrangen'ient of kilns herein set out, no or avery small loss of heat takes place because the heat is conducted from one kiln directly to another, Where the heat is used for various purposes. In order to facilitate this movement of hot gases from one kiln to another, movable fans are provided, which directly drawnthe hot air and' gases from one kiln into an adjacent kiln,

Aor another kiln colsely adjacent.

By this means there provided a method by which the hot gases from a burnlng kiln are directly conveyed to another kiln for preheating purposes and the hot air from a recently burned kiln to still another kiln for ater smoking. The essential. or primary steps in their preferred sequence are as follows: Drawing cool air from the atmosphere `through a flue 5t) at the opening 33, leading it through the bottoni draft thi-e'system of a cooling kiln, through the ware, therein` where the cool air Ais heated, and the step ot' vinducing this air, thus heated, through another kiln for water smoking or drying purposes; and also ot the step ot' tiring a. kiln to a highv temperature and drawing all of the heat therefrom through another kiln for preheating. It is particularly a part ot the present method to take, by appropriate steps, heat from one kiln` and cause it to pass through one or more other kilns without having passed through intervening kilns. No

long circuitous iues are necessary, and no long coiine ting 'flues or tunnels are used at tion such modifications as may be embraced within my claims andthe scope of my inveiition.

Having thus fully described my invention, what l claim fas new and desire to secure by vLetters Patent, is:

1. vIn a kiln. a burning chamber having a tioor with openings therein` a wall around the floor and au arcuate. dome on the wall, and means associateil with the wall for delivering heat equally to all parts of thel dome adjacent the wall. `said means coniiprising a. flash wall and spaced blocks between said walls.

2. ln a kiln, a floor having openings therein` an annular chamber having an inlet flue, anoutlet. flue beneath the floor having connections with said openings. a uiaiii wall having a dome thereon around the floor, a tiash wall spaced from the main wall and forming therewith a combustion chamber. and a partition between the two chambers having openings leading from one to the other.

3. ln a kiln, a floor having openings therein. an annular chamber havingr an inlet. an outlet beneath the floor having connections with .said openings, a main wall having a flonie thereon, a. flash Wall spaced from the main wall and forming therewith'a combustion chamber connected to the annular chamber by small spaced openings, and means in the combustion chamber for producing heat and distributing it equally to all parts of the dome adjacent the main Wall.

4. In a kiln, a floor having openings therein, an outlet beneath the floor having connections with the openings, a main wall around the floor, a dome on the main wall, a flash wall spaced from the main wall and forming therewith a combustion chamber, a plurality of burners in said main wall around the combustion chamber, a gas pipe having a connection with each burner, an air pipe havinga connection with each burner, and a portable fan adapted to-be connected to the air pipe for delivering fresh air thereto.

5. In a kiln structure, a plurality of kilns, each kiln consisting of a main wall, a dome on the main wall, a flash wall spaced from the main wall and forming therewith a combustion chamber` and a fiaor having openings therein. an inlet for each kiln leading to the combustion chamber, and an outlet for each kiln connected to the openings in the floor and connected to the inlet of an adjacent kiln.

6. In a kiln structure, ay plurality of kilns, each kiln consisting of a main wall, a dome on the main wall, a flash wall spaced from the main wall and forming therewith a combustion chamber and a floor having openings therein, an inlet for each kiln leading to the combustion chamber, an outlet for each kiln connected to the openings in the fioor and connected to the inlet of an adjacent kiln, and a waste heat Hue connected to each kiln.

7. In a kiln structure, a plurality of kilns,

each kiln consisting of a main wall, a dome on the main wall, a flash wall spaced from the main wall and forming therewith a combustion chamber and a floor having openings therein, an inlet for each kiln leading to the combustion chamber, an outlet for each kiln connected to the openings in the floor and connected toA the inlet of an adjacent kiln, a. waste heatlue, and a flue having a damper therein connecting each kiln to the waste heat Hue.

8. In a kiln structure, a plurality of kilns, a. waste heat flue, a. branch flue between each kiln and the waste heat flue, and a triple damper means in each branch iiue..

9. In a kiln structure, a plurality of kilns, a waste heat flue, a branch flue between each kiln and the waste heat flue, and a triple damper means in each branch flue, said triple damper means having a limited amount of open space to the atmosphere controlled by a movable plate to break the suction created on either side of the damper.

10. In a kilnrstructure, a plurality of kilns, a. waste heat flue, al branch flue between each kiln and the waste heat flue, and a ,triple damper means in each branch flue, said triple damper means having a limited amount of free space to the atmosphere controlled by an iron plate which may be moved to give the proper opening to break the suction in the 11. In a kiln structure, a main Wall, a flash wall spaced from the main wall to form a combustion chamber, a plurality of burners projecting through the main wall to the combustion chamber. and spreaders between the wall for each burner to divide the hot gases into streams. A

12. In a kiln structure, a main Wall having a dome. a Hash wallr within and spaced from the main wall, a plurality of burners projecting through the main wall, means between the the walls to direct the hot gases upwardly, and spreaders adjacent the upper edge of the ash wall to divide the hot gases from each burner into small dispersed streams.

In 'testimony whereof, I affix my signature.

HENRY C. KLEYMEYER.

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