US1756170A - Retort structure - Google Patents

Description

April 29, 1.930. E. G. BLACKWELL RETORT STRUCTURE Filed Sepl'l /7/7 Z5 fl/ INVENTOR GBlackwclZ,

Zavwz BY l @jg/Wm l ATTORNEY Patented Apr. V29, v19.30

' ljtgit EDWIN nnacxwnnn, or New YORK, N.Y.

i .niiron'r STRUCTURE' y Animaties niet' september ze, iear.y serial No. 221,243.

This inventionrelates to retorts o r cham- Y bers and more particularly to retortsfor the carboni'zation of coal ingas manufacture though it is notedv that theinvention is not ziy limited to'retorts or heatingchambers, and theword retort as herein used coversy chambers fory vother purposes. 'A Y, .f

Y -My present invention is directed to 'an improved form of retort forv the manufacture ofgas by thel carbonization of coal, and has to do, specifically,withy the details of building the retort proper, in single or plural combinations, for eliminating faults at present existing in suchre'torts,

In plants, for the carbonization of coal 'and other materials, comprising retorts or ovens of vertical, inclined or horizontal types `the material undergoing treatment may expand fduring carbonizationnor upon the application of heat and exert an outwardbursting stress on the retort walls.` The'heat applied may be either by conduction through .the retort or oven wallsor by internal heating ar l rangements, kor by a combination of the two.

wall for a chamber of this kind which will re- `videa wall of this' kindfhavi'ngcourses respectivelyfforjoutward and inward pressure. Other objects ofthe invention are to'imofsuchll walls and to provide a wall of this kind which is durable andre'iliable'4 in opera- Ytion, and economical to construct. Still other objects ofthe invention will appearas the description proceeds and while fherein details of thei'nvention are'V described these, since many and various'changes may -be made without departing from the scope ofthe invention as' claimed in the ybroader claims. f

While herein they inside off the retort vis rshown as 'approximating anellipse rather than rectangular or other shapes,A and the brick walls are insectio'ns rather than solid `rings and havev plain rather than tongue. and

asfat present constructed.

' One object of the invention is to provide av prove'generally the simplicity and efficiency faces.

vention is" not concerned with or'limit'ed to these details.

The present invention contemplates the,

'building of the oven or retort walls of arch like 'construction with the top or back of the groove connections it is noted that the in- I,

archagainst ythe contained material'insuch Y manner as to resist the bursting stress, which Vin lretorts or ovens of present construction `has rhad the tendency to either distort the lretort or ovenshape or to actually dislocate individual sections ofthe material entering "into the retort or oven construction..

The inventivey features for the accomplishment of these and other objects are shown'. herein in connection with an improved re- Itort which, briefly stated, includes 'opposed abut-ment members having abutment faces between which is disposed aretort comprising elongatedv courses of brickV including end bricks disposed against said abutment faces,

abutment faces converging in the direction of the forces acting on the retort side wall.r

' inasmuch as ret-Orts of this general nature the'side brick of courses being laid vend-for- I are usually similar, asl to lthe arrangement" ofsetting, flues and retort proper, have only l disclosed suiicient structure herein to illus- `trate my improvement and the underlying functions and advantages thereof.

i In the accompanying drawing showing, by

way of example, one of many possible embed' iments of theinvention,

'Fig 1l is a fragmentaryside elevation Vof myretortfs'tructure;

Figs. 2 tod are horizontal Vsectional views taken respectively on thel lines 2-4-2, 3-3 and 1f-4 of Fig.1 looking in the direction of y 90 diagrammatic view illustrating and claimed, the invention is notlimited to the 'manner in which my structure opposesk certain forces; and Fig. 6 is a fragmentary abutment thearrows;

Fig. 5 is a view showing the. angles of the walls, parallel to each other. If the retort is vertical these tiles are vertical but are horizontal or inclined if the retort 10 is horizontal or inclined. The opposing face of each tile is longitudinally divided at its middle axis into a pair of immovable abutment faces 16 slightly inwardly converging toward the rear face or main plane of the tile.

The retort 10 is between said walls and comprises elongated approximately elliptical courses 17, 18 and 19 of refractory brick staggered relative to the brick of the adjacent course and laid in planes transverse to said tiles, with the end bricks disposed flat against said abutment faces 16.

Each alternate course 18` (Fig. coinprises a central end brick 2O having inclined meeting faces meeting at said axis 15 and lying vflat against-said abutment faces 16, and corner bricks 21 adjacent to said central brick and having fiat faces contacting and extending to the outei'side edges 22 of said I Y abutment faces 16. 1

rIjhe intervening' course-s 19 (F ig. 3) comprise corner brick 25 meeting above the center of the brick 2O at said axis 15 and having fiat faces extending to said edges 22.

The outer face of each corner brick may be provided with a recess 26, 27 to increase vthe `lightness and heat-conductivity of the brick.

The side brick, 30, 81 of all the courses are laid' end-for-end between said corner brick and all have end abutment faces 33 engaging adjacent side brick and said corner bricks. All of said abutment faces l16 and 33, lie substantially in imaginary converging planes 3st (Fig. 6) all radial to a remote imaginary line parallel to and equidistant from said tiles ontlie side of the re-tort side-wall toward which the forcesindicated by the arrows 35 Y V(Figp), acting on the wall tend to push said side wall. In this way said corner and side bricks all act as a keystone and tend to `wedge, with forces represented by the arrows 36, against adjacent brick or said tile to prevent the retort wall or any brick from being displaced Yby said forces.

' W'hile herein the tiles 12 are shown as mounted against the ,walls 11, and only one retort'is shown between the walls 11, rather than two or more retorts placed end to end,

as Vinusual construction, it is understood that Athe invention is not thus limited.

lVhere division walls or iioor tiles support the retort and themselves resist outward bursting forces and in turnl exert an inward YVbursting face, the above described courses'lS and 19 serve to resist these inward. forces,

since the outer and inner faces of the side and corner brick 21', 25, 30,31 converge tothe course,

retort side wall all lie in a plane passing through said bases and the associated abutment face 16, of the wall tiles, whereby the bricks of the side wall, because of the fric- 4disposed against said abutment faces are not so wide as the brick21. In this form, the forces to be overcome are from the outside and the abutment faces 16 and 33 converge inwardly, which is in the direction of the outsideforces acting on the retort side wall.

Vhile the .drawings do not so disclose it, they being ofaso'mewhat conventional, diagrammatic showing, it is understood that in the usual customary practice of erect-ion of these liereindescribed retorts, that the bricks forming the completed retort are cemented onbonded together by a suitable fire-proof bond, in the usual manner.

I claim as my invention:

1. .In combination vwith spaced vertical walls, a retort abuttt-ing said walls comprising courses ofiire vabutting bricks laid in planes transverse to said ,walls including vertical planes of contact between each of said bricks and Abricks contiguous thereto, the vertical planes of contact of said bricks on two opposite sides of each brick convergingtoward the exterior of said retort.

2. In combination `with opposed spaced walls, a Vvertical Vretort abutting said walls comprisinga plurality of courses of bricks laid in planes transverse to the vertical axis of saidretort having vertical planes of contact between each of thev bricks and bricks contiguous thereto, the vertical planes of contact of said bricks on two opposite sides .ing a plurality of course of brick laid iii planes transverse to an aXis through the center of saidretort, said bricks having vertical planes of Contact between each of the bricks and bricks contiguous thereto, the planes of contact of certain of the bricks on two opposite sides'of each brick converging towards the exterior of said retort.

4. In combination with opposite spaced walls, lopposite tile lmembers abutting said walls, a 'retortdisposedf between and abutting d said-tile members comprising courses of brick laid in planestra-Iis-verse to said walls having vertical planes of contact betweeneach of the I bricks and bricks contiguous Vvthereto with "certain of the bricks'iii4 each @Oursedsposed j against ,said tile members, the vertical planes of contact of the remaining bricks having opy posed sides of each brick in Yeach course converging towards the exterior of said retort.

5. In combination with opposed vertical walls,'opposite tile members abutting said walls, a retort abutting said tile members, said retort comprising courses of brick laid in planes transverse to said walls having vertical plane of contact between each kof the bricks and bricks contiguous theretd, the vertical vplanes ofVcont-act of certain of the bricks having two opposed sides of each brick in each course converging towards the exterior of said retort.

6. In combination with walls, abutting said walls, said tiles having faces abutting the retort converging towards the walls, said retort comprising a plurality of substantially elliptical courses of brick laid in planes transverse to saidtiles, said bricks having vertical plane of contact between each of the bricks and bricks contiguous thereto, the end bricks in each course contacting with sai'd converged faces, thevertical planes of contact of the remaining bricks having two opposed sides of each brick in eachV course opposed verticalv a retort,lopposite vertical wall tiles abutment faces and vcorner bricks adjacent to said central brick and having flat faces contacting and extending to the outer side edges of said'abutment faces; the intervening courses comprising corner brick havingv flat faces extending to said edges; rthe side brick of the courses being disposed end-for-end to rovide abutment faces. A

igned at New York in the county of New York and State of New York this 20 day of September A. D. 1927. f.

' EDWIN G. BLACKWELL.

converging towards'the exterior of said retort.

7. In combination with opposed vertical walls, a retort abutting said walls comprising a plurality of coursesof brick laid in planes transverse to the vertical axis of the retort, said bricks having vertical plane of contact between each of the bricks and bricks contiguous thereto, the vertical planes of contact of certain of the bricks in each course converging towards .the 'exterior of the retort, certain of the bricks in each course bey ing provided with a recess to' increase the lightness and heat conductivity of the brick.

8. In combination with opposed vertical walls, a vertical retortv abutting said walls comprising a plurality of courses of vbrick laid in planes transverse to the vertical axis of the retort, said bricks having vertical planes of contact between each vof the bricks and bricks contiguous thereto, thel vertical planes of-contact of certain of the bricks in successive series of courses converging tovwards-the exterior of the retort, andthe planesof contactof certain of the bricks in ybeneath the series'converging towards the interior of said retort.

9'. In combination, opposed vertical wall members, opposite tile members abutting the opposing faces of said wall members and being provided with-a pair of abutment faces `slightly inwardly converging towards [said Vwall'fme1r1bers, a retort between said tile members comprising transverse courses of brick including end bricks disposed against Y -said abutment faces, each alternate course comprising a central end-brick having incllned meeting faces lying flat against vsaid

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