EP2031343B1 - Cartouche - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2031343B1
EP2031343B1 EP07115570A EP07115570A EP2031343B1 EP 2031343 B1 EP2031343 B1 EP 2031343B1 EP 07115570 A EP07115570 A EP 07115570A EP 07115570 A EP07115570 A EP 07115570A EP 2031343 B1 EP2031343 B1 EP 2031343B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
cartridge
set forth
energy
propellant charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07115570A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2031343A1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Brügger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bruegger & Thomet AG
Original Assignee
Bruegger & Thomet AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bruegger & Thomet AG filed Critical Bruegger & Thomet AG
Priority to EP07115570A priority Critical patent/EP2031343B1/fr
Priority to DE502007005620T priority patent/DE502007005620D1/de
Priority to AT07115570T priority patent/ATE487918T1/de
Publication of EP2031343A1 publication Critical patent/EP2031343A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2031343B1 publication Critical patent/EP2031343B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/02—Stabilising arrangements
    • F42B10/22—Projectiles of cannelured type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/38—Range-increasing arrangements
    • F42B10/42—Streamlined projectiles
    • F42B10/46—Streamlined nose cones; Windshields; Radomes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F42B12/745—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body the core being made of plastics; Compounds or blends of plastics and other materials, e.g. fillers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cartridge for a handgun comprising a projectile comprising a front head and a carrier, a housing and a drive element comprising a propellant charge.
  • a variety of sublethal and non-lethal projectiles are known as carriers of kinetic energy designed for relatively short-range clashes, which typically range from 7 to 15 meters.
  • a high ballistic precision is not required at these ranges. Rather, it is quite possible to achieve a sufficient probability of hit even with an aerodynamically unstable projectile. However, the hit probability drops significantly when this range is exceeded. This circumstance is based on inconsistent aerodynamic forces caused by unstable projectile shapes.
  • Non-lethal projectiles consists of a single or several circular cylindrical bodies, commonly referred to as rubber bullets, which are typically made of a hard rubber, foam, plastic or wood. It is possible to achieve aerodynamic stability with such a projectile, but only if it is impressed with the correct angular momentum. However, the majority of these projectiles are shot out of a barrel with a smooth inner wall so that they show a staggering unstable motion during flight. In addition, these have Projectiles have a flat front side, which also has a negative effect on the stability of the trajectory.
  • a baton is known with which a projectile can be fired.
  • fins are mounted within the hollow body of the projectile.
  • the projectile consists of a hollow cylindrical, open back carrier, on whose front side wall of the compressible head is placed.
  • the carrier is formed at its rear end so that a substantially likewise hollow cylindrical housing can be placed on the end.
  • the hollow cylindrical housing is open at its front, connectable to the carrier end and also closed at its rear end after receiving a propellant charge in an opening in its rear end wall, so that the connection between the carrier and the housing creates a closed chamber into which the combustion gases of the propellant charge penetrate to drive the projectile out of the barrel of the handgun.
  • this object is achieved in a cartridge of the type mentioned in that the projectile has adapted to a uniform delivery of recorded in the firearm kinetic energy surface.
  • the cartridges used according to the invention have projectiles with high accuracy and at the same time low dispersion, ie deviation in the target point predetermined distance of the projectiles. These are able to cover considerably larger distances than conventional projectiles due to their streamlined shape, while at the same time preserving the accuracy of the aim, even over long distances.
  • the head is formed from an elastic material.
  • the resilient head also modifies the momentum imparted to the object by acting over conventional projectiles over an extended period of time, reducing the momentum of the pulse at the same time.
  • the head is formed from a plastic, in particular a hard plastic, a rubber, in particular a sponge rubber, and / or a compressible material, in particular a foam-like material, combinations thereof and the like.
  • a plastic in particular a hard plastic
  • a rubber in particular a sponge rubber
  • a compressible material in particular a foam-like material, combinations thereof and the like.
  • the head of the projectile is rounded on its front in the direction of flight of the projectile side, in particular hemispherical.
  • an aerodynamically optimized shape is created, which allows a uniform flight, on the other hand, this is a particularly suitable for hitting the target object form.
  • the head of the projectile has depressions on its surface, at least on its front side in the direction of flight. These are especially designed as pits, dents or dimples.
  • a further stabilization of the projectile causes a large silence of the projectile generates and thus allows much greater ranges than are possible with projectiles according to the prior art.
  • the arrangement of the pits ensures that the head of the projectile is precisely directed forward during the flight and thus also when striking. Only by this measure can be achieved with certainty that the momentum of the projectile defined above the head and as possible exclusively by this is delivered to the target object. By this measure, it is thus effectively prevented that the carrier of the projectile, which usually consists of a less elastic material than the head, emits the pulse to the target object, whereby at least increased injuries could be caused.
  • the carrier of the projectile is also formed from a plastic.
  • the overall projectile can be manufactured with a relatively low weight, which favors a large projectile range and further reduces the risk of injury from the projectile.
  • a projectile whose carrier has fins, fins or other stabilizing elements at its rear end.
  • the fins like the entire shape of the outer contour of the projectile, help to stabilize the projectile.
  • the rotation around itself and the surface structure of the projectile avoids an energy-consuming and significantly increases the air friction tumbling motion of the projectile.
  • the fins extend substantially in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and do not protrude beyond the outer circumference of the carrier of the projectile. Also by this measure, the wind resistance of the projectile is reduced.
  • the fins protrude backwards in a sawtooth shape. It can be provided with advantage that the fins each have a first flank with a large pitch and a second flank with a small pitch.
  • first flanks each extend at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the carrier of the projectile.
  • the second flanks may have a convex shape.
  • the cartridge can be powered by various forms of propellant charges.
  • the propellant can be configured in the form of a blank cartridge, preferably with a blowing agent from the group of black powder, nitrocellulose, combinations thereof and the like.
  • Black powder can be ignited, for example, by an ignition charge which can be ignited by blow.
  • black powder has the advantage of good and complete combustion, but the disadvantage that it leaves heavily corrosive residues in the barrel of the firearm, which require careful cleaning and attack the metal of the firearm.
  • the cartridge according to the invention can also be driven by other propellant charges, in particular by nitrocellulose or by mixtures containing nitrocellulose.
  • the structure of the cartridge is selected so that the combustion gases of the propellant build up a maximum pressure of 250 bar through a nozzle located between the propellant and the projectile. These combustion gases then form a high energy current which drives the projectile substantially in the barrel of the handgun.
  • the cartridge is preferably designed such that the housing has a recess on the rear side for receiving the propellant charge, for example in the form of a blank cartridge.
  • the cartridge is assembled so that the projectile is not part of a closed pressure chamber; it is not driven by the pressure force, but by the impulse transmitted by an open explosion jet.
  • the explosive gases ejected from the propellant remain in the barrel of the handgun until the bullet has left the mouth of the barrel, they increase the total amount of gases in the closed volume of the barrel and thus the pressure in the barrel.
  • the high energy gas stream will produce 80% of the bullet's kinetic energy and the gas pressure building up in the barrel will add up to the remaining 20%. Since with the increasing amount of gas also the available volume increases by the forward movement of the projectile, the gas pressure in the barrel remains at the relatively low level of 5 bar with a maximum of about 10 bar at the beginning of the process.
  • a positive side effect of this special internal ballistic process is that the cartridge shows very little noise, which proves to be a significant advantage in many tactical missions in terms of user safety, environmental awareness and discretion when using the weapon, etc.
  • the drive of the projectile is essentially caused by a high-energy driving beam of the propellant charge.
  • the high-energy driving jet is preferably caused by the arrangement of a nozzle between the propellant charge and the projectile. Sonach results in an advantageous manner that the drive of the projectile is effected in a ratio of about 80% by the Hochenergytreibstrahl and about 20% by a gas pressure.
  • the projectile is stabilized by an internal rotation about the longitudinal axis and / or by the surface structure.
  • the design and the shape of the surface structure results in the formation of a thin turbulent intermediate layer between the surface structure of the projectile and the laminar air flow surrounding the projectile during its flight.
  • the projectile energy density in the sense of a non-lethal ammunition is selected so that the projectile is not able to penetrate into the surface of a target.
  • the projectile having an energy density of the projectile between 0.001 J / mm 2 and 1 J / mm 2 , preferably between 0.01 J / mm 2 and 0.1 J / mm 2 and more preferably between 0.065 J / mm 2 and 0.095 J / mm 2 , from the barrel of Firearm shot, so that the target distance is preferably between 0 and 60 m.
  • a projectile encompassed by the cartridge according to the invention is characterized in that it creates around its head a turbulent boundary layer which is much closer to and closer to the body of the projectile than a boundary layer on a projectile after State of the art is able to do.
  • the fins are formed at the rear end of the projectile for guiding the air flow in the rear region of the projectile and therefore reduce the slowing effect of the so-called. Air flow around the projectile around.
  • a cartridge 1 suitable for a handgun ie a firearm such as a pistol or a rifle (US Pat. Fig. 1, 2 ) comprises a projectile or projectile 2, a housing 3 and a drive system 4, which essentially comprises a propellant charge, all of which are inserted into one another prior to the activation of the cartridge 1 by a mechanical action on the drive system 4.
  • the projectile 2 in turn comprises a head 5 and a support 6.
  • the head 5 consists of an elastic and / or at least partially compressible material, for example a rubber, in particular a hard rubber, a plastic, a foam, a spongy material and the like or a Mixture of such materials.
  • the head 5 also has, at its front end in the direction of flight, an at least substantially hemispherical shape, which merges rearwardly into a cylindrical shape adjoining the carrier 6.
  • the head 5 is provided with pits 7, depressions, or dimples, which in one embodiment are immediately adjacent to one another, but which are also spaced apart from each other, as in FIG Fig. 1 represented, can be arranged.
  • the pits 7 are concave recesses in the spherical surface of the head 5 and form, for example, ball sections.
  • the pits 7 contribute significantly to the fact that the projectile 2 has a long range with stable flight and a uniform delivery of its kinetic energy during flight and a high positional stability.
  • the shape of the carrier 6 also contributes to these properties.
  • the carrier 6 has an adapted to achieve a spin or angular momentum outer wall shape. This has, for example, a circumferential bead 8.
  • the carrier 6 has a longitudinally extending flange 9.
  • This thickening 10 has essentially the task of enabling a latching connection between the carrier 6 and the housing 3, which in turn has a pointing in the direction of the support 6 cylindrical projection 11 ,
  • the projection 11 has a cooperating with the thickening 10 and corresponding recess 12, so that before the explosion of the propellant such a stable connection between the housing 3 and the projectile 2 is that it can be separated solely by the explosion.
  • the rear end side of the drive system 4 is introduced into the housing 3 such that an explosion of the drive system covered by the propellant drive apart the housing 3 and the projectile 2 and the propellant contained in the chemical energy the projectile 2 is transmitted at least substantially substantially completely or to a predetermined extent.
  • the projectile 2 is provided to support the stability of its trajectory at its rear end with projections, fins 13 or fins extending at least substantially in the longitudinal direction of the projectile 2.
  • the fins 13 jump out in a wedge or jagged manner. But they can also be effected by notched material removal at the rear end of the carrier 6.
  • the fins 13 therefore essentially each have a longitudinal edge 14, an inclined flank 15 and a substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the carrier 6, d. H. in the tangential direction, extending intermediate piece 16 between the two flanks 14, 15.
  • the housing 3 remains with an outer shell 22 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) of the drive system 4 in the barrel 17 of the handgun, while the projectile 2 leaves the barrel 17 at its mouth.
  • the drive takes place, as well as in FIG. 3 represented essentially by a high-energy gas jet 19, which is generated during the combustion or explosion of the propellant.
  • a nozzle 20 which is arranged between the propellant charge and the projectile and in particular also causes the focusing and alignment of the propulsion jet with respect to the projectile underside 21, serves to generate the high-energy propulsion jet.
  • the inner surface of the barrel 17 may be formed in a conventional manner so that the formation of a spin of the projectile 2 is promoted.
  • the projectile 2 thus preferably also has a spin stabilization and thereby also ensures a high probability of hit.
  • the macro-shape of the projectile 2 is on The ballistics are optimized close to the target and adjusted to the fact that their external ballistics are adapted and focused on their microstructure.
  • a turbulent boundary layer 18 (FIG. Fig. 4 below), which is much closer to the body of the projectile 2 and better follows this than a laminar boundary layer 18 '(FIG. Fig. 4 above) on a projectile 2 'according to the state of the art.
  • the arrows A indicate the air directed against the flight of the projectiles 2, 2 '.
  • the fins 13 are formed at the rear end of the projectile 2 for guiding the air flow in the rear region of the projectile 2 and therefore reduce the slowing effect of the air flow 18.
  • the upper floor 2 ' according to the prior art has the same macro-shape as the projectile 2 according to the invention in contrast to this a flat rear end, while the projectile 2 is characterized by its equipped with pits 7 head 5 and its tail fins 13 and thereby exposed to a reduced air resistance.
  • the flight stability is increased, so that it is ensured that the head 5 of the projectile 2 as possible strikes the target object straight first and not inclined and thereby unfolds a much less effective than in the prior art possible injury.
  • a projectile 2 which is at least substantially more stable than lateral forces and other influences, is thus created which acts on the reacted by the propellant kinetic energy reacts. Because of its low energy density, it preferably can not penetrate a living target, such as a human's skin, and preferably emits all of its energy at the surface of the target. A small amount of energy is used to deform the head 5 of the projectile 2. The remainder predominantly deforms the outer wall or skin of the target. If this target is a human, the projectile 2 generates enough pain to discourage the aggressor and to divert him from his intention.
  • the energy of the projectile 2 is preferably not sufficiently great, in particular, to destroy or fragment the head 5 when the projectile 2 is fired onto a wall of concrete.
  • a table shows by way of example the course of the height H, measured in millimeters [mm], of the projectile 2 as a function of the distance D, measured in meters [m].
  • Fig. 6 shows the ballistic curve or trajectory that results with these values, again plotting the height H measured in centimeters [cm] as a function of the distance D measured in meters [m]. This results in a target point 0 at a distance of 30 m.
  • FIG. 7 In another illustration ( Fig. 7 ) are for different values of distances, measured in meters [m], velocities v [m / s], the energies E, measured in joules [J], the energy densities ED, measured in [J / mm 2 ], and the diameters d, measured in [mm], from circles with a hit probability of 99% for a projectile 2 according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Cartouche non létale (1) pour une arme de poing avec un projectile (2) comprenant une tête de face (5) et un support (6), un carter (3) et un propulseur (4) comprenant un élément d'impulsion
    où
    le projectile (2) présente une surface élastique, laquelle est adapté de façon à ce qu'une émission régulière de l'énergie cinétique absorbée dans l'arme à feu au niveau de la cible se produise, caractérisé en ce que la surface élastique présente des renfoncements et que le projectile présente des éléments de stabilisation à son extrémité arrière agencés en forme d'anneau s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale du projectile (2) pour stabilisation.
  2. Cartouche (1) selon revendication (1) caractérisé en ce que la tête (5) est constituée d'un matériau élastique.
  3. Cartouche (1) selon revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la tête (5) est formée de matière plastique, en particulier de matière plastique dure, d'un caoutchouc, en particulier d'un caoutchouc cellulaire, et/ou d'un matériau compressible, en particulier un matériau comme une mousse, combinaison de ceux-ci.
  4. Cartouche (1) selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la tête (5), sur sa partie avant, dans la direction de vol du projectile (2), est arrondie, en particulier est hémisphérique.
  5. Cartouche (1) selon une des revendications 1 à 4 , caractérisé en ce que la tête (5) présente sur sa surface des renfoncements (7), au moins sur sa partie avant dans le sens de vol.
  6. Cartouche (1) selon revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les renfoncements (7) sont des fosses, des creux ou des renfoncements.
  7. Cartouche (1) selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le support (6) du projectile (2) est également formé de matière plastique.
  8. Cartouche (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le support (6) du projectile (2) présente sur sa partie arrière des nageoires (13), des ailerons ou autres éléments de commande.
  9. Cartouche (1) selon revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les nageoires (13) s'étendent pour l'essentiel dans le sens longitudinal du projectile (2) et ne dépassent pas sur le pourtour extérieur du support du projectile (2).
  10. Cartouche (1) selon revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que les nageoires (13) s'élèvent en dents de scie vers l'arrière.
  11. Cartouche (1) selon revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les nageoires (13) présentent respectivement un premier flanc (14) avec une forte inclinaison, et un deuxième flanc (15) avec une inclinaison moins importante.
  12. Cartouche (1) selon revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les premiers flancs (14) s'étendent respectivement, au moins approximativement, parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal du support (6) du projectile (2).
  13. Cartouche (1) selon revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que les deuxièmes flancs (15) présentent une forme convexe.
  14. Cartouche (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la charge de propulsion est conçue sous forme d'une cartouche à blanc, de préférence avec un moyen de propulsion du groupe de poudre noire, nitrocellulose, ou leur combinaison.
  15. Cartouche (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le carter (3) présente sur son côté arrière un évidement pour recevoir la charge de propulsion.
  16. Cartouche (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la propulsion du projectile (2) soit pour l'essentiel provoquée par faisceau propulseur à haute énergie de la charge de propulsion.
  17. Cartouche (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le faisceau propulseur à haute énergie (19) soit provoqué par l'agencement d'une buse (20) entre la charge de propulsion et le projectile (2).
  18. Cartouche (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la propulsion du projectile (2) soit provoquée dans une proportion d'env. 80 % par le faisceau propulseur à haute énergie et d'env. 20 % par une pression de gaz.
  19. Cartouche (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le projectile (2) soit stabilisé par une rotation propre autour de l'axe longitudinal et/ou par la structure de la surface.
  20. Cartouche (1) selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la structure de la surface créé une mince couche intermédiaire turbulente entre la structure de la surface supérieure du projectile (2) et l'écoulement d'air laminaire qui entourent le projectile pendant son vol.
  21. Cartouche (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la densité d'énergie du projectile (2) se situe entre 0.001 J/mm2 et 1 J/mm2, de préférence entre 0.01 J/mm2 et 0.1 J/mm2 particulièrement de préférence entre 0.065 J/mm2 et 0.095 J/mm2 pour une distance de la cible entre 0 et 60 m.
EP07115570A 2007-09-03 2007-09-03 Cartouche Active EP2031343B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07115570A EP2031343B1 (fr) 2007-09-03 2007-09-03 Cartouche
DE502007005620T DE502007005620D1 (de) 2007-09-03 2007-09-03 Patrone
AT07115570T ATE487918T1 (de) 2007-09-03 2007-09-03 Patrone

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07115570A EP2031343B1 (fr) 2007-09-03 2007-09-03 Cartouche

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2031343A1 EP2031343A1 (fr) 2009-03-04
EP2031343B1 true EP2031343B1 (fr) 2010-11-10

Family

ID=38969549

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07115570A Active EP2031343B1 (fr) 2007-09-03 2007-09-03 Cartouche

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2031343B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE487918T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502007005620D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008039000A1 (de) * 2008-08-21 2010-02-25 Martin Hibbing Skorpion-Munition
DE102015007617A1 (de) 2015-06-16 2016-12-22 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Munition zum Markieren einer Zielperson

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5233774A (en) * 1991-01-10 1993-08-10 Joel Leibowitz Baton gun
US5200573A (en) * 1991-05-28 1993-04-06 Blood Charles L Projectile having a matrix of cavities on its surface
US6041712A (en) 1997-12-11 2000-03-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Non-lethal cartridge with spin-stabilized projectile
US20050066849A1 (en) * 2003-09-29 2005-03-31 Kapeles John A. Frangible non-lethal projectile

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Publication number Publication date
ATE487918T1 (de) 2010-11-15
DE502007005620D1 (de) 2010-12-23
EP2031343A1 (fr) 2009-03-04

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