Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
  • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
  • F16H61/0437—Smoothing ratio shift by using electrical signals
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D48/00—External control of clutches
  • F16D48/06—Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
  • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
  • F16H61/68—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
  • F16H61/684—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive
  • F16H61/688—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive with two inputs, e.g. selection of one of two torque-flow paths by clutches
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
  • F16D2500/10—System to be controlled
  • F16D2500/108—Gear
  • F16D2500/1086—Concentric shafts
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
  • F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
  • F16D2500/304—Signal inputs from the clutch
  • F16D2500/30406—Clutch slip
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
  • F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
  • F16D2500/304—Signal inputs from the clutch
  • F16D2500/3042—Signal inputs from the clutch from the output shaft
  • F16D2500/30421—Torque of the output shaft
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
  • F16D2500/70—Details about the implementation of the control system
  • F16D2500/702—Look-up tables
  • F16D2500/70252—Clutch torque
  • F16D2500/70264—Stroke
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
  • F16D2500/70—Details about the implementation of the control system
  • F16D2500/706—Strategy of control
  • F16D2500/70605—Adaptive correction; Modifying control system parameters, e.g. gains, constants, look-up tables
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
  • F16H59/36—Inputs being a function of speed
  • F16H59/46—Inputs being a function of speed dependent on a comparison between speeds
  • F16H2059/465—Detecting slip, e.g. clutch slip ratio
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H2306/00—Shifting
  • F16H2306/40—Shifting activities
  • F16H2306/44—Removing torque from current gears
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H2306/00—Shifting
  • F16H2306/40—Shifting activities
  • F16H2306/52—Applying torque to new gears
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
  • F16H59/36—Inputs being a function of speed
  • F16H59/46—Inputs being a function of speed dependent on a comparison between speeds

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and a device for adapting the control of the clutches of a dual-clutch transmission.
• FIG. 8 shows schematically the structure of such a dual-clutch transmission:
• One of an engine 10, such as an internal combustion engine, driven drive shaft 12 is connected via a clutch K1 with a first partial transmission 14 and via a clutch K2 with a second partial transmission 16 of a clutch formed by the clutches and the partial transmission dual clutch transmission.
• the outputs of the partial transmissions 14 and 16 act on a common shaft 18 which drives a differential 20 wheels of a motor vehicle.
• the partial transmission 14 includes, for example, the odd gears of the dual clutch transmission, the partial transmission 16 includes the even gears of the dual clutch transmission.
• an electronic control device 22 For controlling the clutches K1 and K2 and for engaging the gears in the partial transmissions 14 and 16, an electronic control device 22 is provided whose outputs are connected to actuators for the clutches and the partial transmissions and whose inputs are connected to sensors or other control devices of the vehicle, which receive signals relevant to the control of the clutches and the engagement and disengagement of gears in the sub-transmissions.
• Figure 9 shows an example of a circuit, wherein the abscissa represents the time and the ordinate torques.
• the dotted line represents the example set via an accelerator pedal driver request torque M FW , which is located on the drive shaft 12.
• the dashed line shows the transferable from the clutch K1 clutch torque M «i.
• the solid line shows the transmittable by the clutch K2 clutch torque MK. 2
• the vehicle is traveling in third gear, which is engaged in the partial transmission 14, wherein the clutch K1 is closed.
• the fourth gear is engaged and the clutch K2 is open. If a shift from third gear to fourth gear is to be triggered at the time T 0 , the clutch K1 is controlled by the control device 22 is opened and the clutch K2 is closed.
• the circuit should be completed, ie the vehicle then drives in fourth gear with torque transmission via the clutch K2.
• the clutch K1 is opened so that a different gear can be preselected or engaged in the partial transmission 14.
• the opening and closing of the clutches takes place substantially linearly between the times T 0 and Ti, wherein the torque transmittable by the clutch K 2 at the end of the shift can be equal to the engine torque present before the shift assuming an engine torque existing at time T 1 or, as shown, may be adapted to a changing during the circuit engine torque or driver's desired torque.
• the slope with which the clutch K2 is closed may then change during the shift.
• T 1 After the time T 1 , when the clutch K1 is fully open and the clutch K2 is closed so far that a predetermined clutch torque can be transmitted, the slip of the clutch K2 is detected and the clutch K2 further controlled such that with a predetermined slip is driven or the slip gradually decreases to zero.
• the period between T 0 and T 1 for example, only between 0.1 and 0.4 seconds, so that very rapid, traction interruption-free circuits are possible.
• the change of the engine torque or driver desired torque occurring between T 0 and Ti is therefore i. A. small.
• the speed change of the engine should also be small, so that slip existing at time T 0 exists between the input shaft of the partial transmission and the crankshaft of the engine until time T 1 can stay constant.
• the clutch torque transmittable by both clutches at the time breaks down through interaction between the clutch actuations or other influences, or increases in an unforeseen manner so that it does not correspond to the illustrated commanded desired torque where the dotted curve is approximately equal to the sum of the dashed and dashed lines the continuous curve is drawn.
• This can lead to an undesirable run-up of the motor during the shift or to an undesired decrease in speed, which leads to further problems due to dynamic effects.
• the engine may undesirably turn up when the transmissible torque of the clutch K2 achieved at time T2 is too low.
• the invention has for its object to provide remedial measures for the aforementioned problems.
• This object is achieved with a method for adapting the control of the clutches of a dual-clutch transmission, wherein in a circuit the transmittable torque of the opening clutch and the transmittable torque of the closing clutch are controlled according to desired curves during the circuit, a difference between a desired value and an actual value is determined and the setpoint curve of at least one of the clutches for a subsequent circuit in the sense of reducing the difference between the desired value and the actual value is adapted.
• the difference between the transmittable desired clutch total torque and the actual total torque can be determined.
• the actual sum torque is, for example, equal to the sum of static and dynamic engine torque introduced into the transmission from a drive motor.
• the static engine torque may be equal to the driver's desired torque entered via an accelerator pedal.
• the slip of the opening clutch is compared with a desired slip, and the target torque of the closing clutch is increased as the slip increases.
• the setpoint curve of the closing clutch is adapted in accordance with a deviation of the slip of the opening clutch present at the end of an overlapping circuit.
• the setpoint curve of the closing clutch can be corrected, for example, with a correction factor which is adapted as a function of the driver input torque entered via an accelerator pedal and the slip at the end of an overlapping circuit.
• An apparatus for adapting the control of clutches of a dual-clutch transmission includes an actuator for each of the clutches and an electronic control device for controlling the opening of one of the clutches and simultaneously closing the each - A - Weil's other clutch during an overlapping phase, wherein the control device is adapted to control the clutches according to one of the aforementioned methods.
• FIG. 1 shows transmittable coupling torques
• FIG. 2 shows a speed increase of the motor resulting from the torque intrusion of FIG.
• Figure 3 shows torque and speed curves for explaining an inventive
• FIG. 4 shows a flow chart for explaining the method according to the invention
• FIG. 5 shows speed curves for explaining a further cause for an engine speed increase
• Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 1 to illustrate the avoidance of a
• FIG. 7 shows a flowchart for explaining a further method according to the invention
• Figure 8 is a block diagram of a known dual-clutch transmission
• Figure 9 is a simplified schematic representation of a circuit known per se.
• Figure 1 illustrates torque curves in a train upshift, is switched, for example, from the first gear to the second gear or from the second gear to the third gear.
• M s ⁇ g represents the torque which can be transmitted by the outgoing (opening) clutch and which is connected according to a program stored in the control device. T 0 and Ti decreases linearly. With M sK ⁇ the torque which can be transmitted by the coming (closing) clutch and stored in the control device is represented by the dashed line.
• M s ⁇ ⁇ denotes the transmittable coupling sum moment, which results from the sum of M s ⁇ g and M s ⁇ k .
• the torque transmittable by the on-going clutch before the start of the intersection circuit is advantageously set to a value slightly less than the applied engine torque so that the outgoing clutch has a predetermined slip at time T 0 which has elapsed during the intersection circuit T 1 ) advantageously remains substantially constant. From the time T 1 , at which the next clutch takes over the torque transmission, the control of the next clutch is switched to slip control, so that the transmittable clutch torque is first increased to reduce the engine speed and then controlled to a value at which the new clutch transmits the engine torque substantially slip-free.
• the overlapping phase between T 0 and T 1 is subdivided into areas with interpolation points S 1 to S 5 .
• Each of these nodes is assigned a coupling error ⁇ Sn, which is continuous as following is determined:
• a clutch error is determined based on measured at the support points slip speeds.
• a slip increasing between two interpolation points S n and S n + i indicates that the clutch torque is too low. This can be corrected by increasing the controlled clutch torques at this interpolation point in a subsequent circuit.
• a slip decreasing between two successive interpolation points points to an excessive clutch torque, which can be corrected in a subsequent circuit by a withdrawal of the controlled clutch torque at the respective time.
• a coupling error can also be determined by comparing the curve M s ⁇ «, which represents the sum of the controlled clutch torque, with the actual instantaneous total clutch torque determined from engine parameters, which reads as follows:
• Mwidy n M M + I M ⁇ d ⁇ / dt, where M M is the static engine torque, which is determined from the steady state map of the engine and the position of its load actuator, and I M x d ⁇ / dt the dynamic component of the engine torque where I M is the moment of inertia of the motor and d ⁇ / dt is its speed change.
• any desired fixed value or a variable reference variable such as, for example, the driver's desired torque, can be used as the basis.
• the clutch cumulative torque can be determined using the aforementioned formula. This would also possibly occurring inaccuracies of the control, such as dead times of the actuators, be adapted.
• the errors calculated according to one of the methods described above are averaged over a certain period and assigned to the interpolation points S 1 to S 5 .
• a possible time shift between the detection of the error and the time of adjustment of the desired clutch torque, which should be present at the respective support point, should be taken into account.
• Such a shift can come about through signal filtering, signal averaging or dead times of the system.
• the errors can be stored in an error map and used in the next circuit for adapting the desired clutch torque.
• the respective error should be stored depending on the coupling, since each coupling can have a different fault pattern.
• the error between the nodes S 1 to S 5 is linearly interpolated.
• the stored fault map is advantageously applied to the overlap on only one of the two clutches advantageously the upcoming clutch, to avoid instabilities. It is also possible to split the error between both clutches.
• FIG. 1 illustrates an adaptation.
• the clutches are controlled according to the lines M s ⁇ g and IVIs Kk . This results in the illustrated deviation between the stored clutch cumulative torque M s ⁇ and the currently measured clutch cumulative torque M a ⁇ -
• the correction of the controlled clutch characteristics leads to corrected clutch characteristics M k ⁇ g or M k ⁇ k> which for the subsequent circuit is effective in which the error denoted by ⁇ is minimized.
• both clutch characteristics are adapted. It is advantageous to measure the slip at the opening or outgoing clutch to determine the error and to adapt the controlled clutch torque of the coming clutch.
• FIG. 4 shows a flow chart for explaining the described method:
• step 60 an adaptation routine begins, which is preferably performed on each circuit.
• step 62 the interpolation points S 1 to S n are set in the time interval between T 0 and T- t .
• step 64 it is determined whether there is slip at the outgoing clutch. If this is the case, the clutch cumulative torque error ⁇ K is calculated in step 66. This calculation is carried out at a system frequency which is generally significantly greater than the distance between two adjacent support points accordingly.
• step 68 it is checked whether a support point has been reached. If this is the case, in step 70 the current clutch summation error is assigned to the current support point.
• step 72 the clutch cumulative torque error measured at a time interval of the clock frequency is interpolated accordingly. If the end of the overlap is subsequently determined in step 74, ie, that the time T 1 at which the torque transmission is taken over by the coming clutch, then in step 76 steps 70 and 72 are made plausible, that is, for example, to check whether the The values of the coupling sum error assigned to the individual interpolation points and the intermediate points are plausible, for example wise can be connected by a smooth curve. If so, the stored clutch torques corresponding to which the clutches are controlled are updated in step 78, advantageously updating the control core line of the upcoming clutch and being available for a subsequent shift.
• step 74 If the end of the overlap is not detected in step 74, the correction can be made without plausibility.
• step 80 If no slip is detected in step 64, it is checked in step 80 whether there is an overpressure of the outgoing clutch. If so, the system immediately proceeds to step 68 without performing step 66. If no overpressure is detected in step 80, the clutch cumulative torque error, which in this case can not be calculated, is set below 100%.
• the plausibility step 76 can be omitted and also step 72 can be omitted. Since there is generally a large amount of time between two circuits in relation to the time interval between T 0 and T 1 , the values of the clutch cumulative torque error recorded during a shift can be overall processed into a plausible smooth curve according to general mathematical methods, corresponding to those described in US Pat electronic control device stored control curve is updated for each subsequent circuit.
• FIG. 5 shows the effects of an actual value, deviating from planned setpoint values, of the torques transmittable by the clutches on the basis of the course of the engine speed.
• rotational speeds are plotted against time, with the curve indicating the engine speed being denoted by ⁇ M , and the curves indicating the rotational speeds of the input shafts of the outgoing transmission and the coming transmission are designated nc g and nc k .
• ⁇ M the curves indicating the rotational speeds of the input shafts of the outgoing transmission and the coming transmission
• nc g and nc k the curves indicating the rotational speeds of the input shafts of the outgoing transmission and the coming transmission.
• the characteristic curves for the control of the clutches during the overlapping circuit are designed in such a way that the slippage of Until the end of the cross-over circuit clutch remains approximately constant at the value it has at the beginning of the overlap circuit.
• the desired torque of the coming clutch is determined according to a raw value M ⁇ r oh and an adaptive correction factor k adp .
• the raw value of the target torque for the upcoming clutch depends on the torque of the outgoing clutch and the engine torque, or better the driver's desired torque, and is determined by the overlapping strategy:
• MkKk Mkkroh * k a dp
• the calculation and adaptation of the adaptive factor kadp takes place, for example, at the end of the overlap.
• the currently existing slip n s (T1) is measured and compared with a target value nsaei.
• a typical target for the slip at the end of the overlap is between 50 and 100 min -1 . If the slip is greater, the correction factor must be increased, if it is smaller or even if the outgoing clutch sticks during the overlap, the correction factor must be reduced ,
• a reference torque M ref is calculated from the course of the driver's desired torque M F w during the shift, which is for example the mean value of the driver's desired torque during the shift.
• the adaptive correction factor can be recalculated from the slip at the end of the overlap:
• the start value should be 1 for the first system commissioning.
• the adaptive correction factor may be advantageously limited to values between, for example, 0.75 and 1.25.
• FIG. 6 shows the course of the controlled characteristic curve M sKk of the coming clutch before a shift which leads to the torque increase according to FIG.
• the double-dashed line shows the adaptive factor corrected clutch characteristic, which means that the speed increase according to Figure 5 no longer occurs.
• FIG. 7 shows a flow chart for explaining the described method:
• step 100 starts an adaptation cycle, which is triggered for example by a command for switching the transmission.
• step 102 it is checked whether an overlapping circuit is active, i. there is an instruction to perform an intersection circuit for the purpose of a speed change.
• step 104 it is checked in step 104 whether the system is in an overlapping phase, ie between the times T 0 and Ti according to FIG. 5. If this is the case, the reference moment for the current circuit is calculated in step 106. With the aid of the reference torque, the correction factor is adapted in step 108 and the clutch is actuated accordingly. Thereafter, the system comes to an end (step 110).
• step 102 If it is determined in step 102 that no overlap circuit is active, the system immediately proceeds to step 110.
• step 112 If it is determined in step 104 that the overlap phase is not active, it is checked in step 112 whether the system is at the end of an overlap phase, i. is located at a time T1. If this is the case, then in step 114 the torque error of the coming clutch is determined from the slip deviation at the end of the overlap circuit, and in step 116 the correction factor corresponding to the slip deviation is adapted. The adapted correction factor is then stored and is available for a new circuit.
• step 112 If it is determined in step 112 that the system is not at the end of an overlap circuit, it proceeds immediately to step 110.
• the described system can be modified or further developed in many ways.
• the calculation result may be discarded for new k, when the driver's desired torque than a predetermined value, for example 30% change during a shift by more.
• the reference torque may be the driver command torque at the end of the overlap, at the beginning of the overlap, an average during the crossover circuit, or another filtered value derived from the course of the driver command torque.
• the correction factors may vary for part load, medium load and full load.
• a load and gear-dependent correction factor map can be stored.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

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Cited By (1)

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• 2007
  • 2007-04-02 DE DE112007000849.0T patent/DE112007000849B4/de active Active
  • 2007-04-02 KR KR1020087026178A patent/KR20080111102A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-04-02 WO PCT/DE2007/000594 patent/WO2007124710A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2007-04-02 EP EP07722152A patent/EP2016312A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2008
  • 2008-10-24 US US12/288,870 patent/US8577572B2/en active Active

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