EP1984147B1 - Verfahren zum satinieren eines harten materials - Google Patents

Verfahren zum satinieren eines harten materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1984147B1
EP1984147B1 EP07703829A EP07703829A EP1984147B1 EP 1984147 B1 EP1984147 B1 EP 1984147B1 EP 07703829 A EP07703829 A EP 07703829A EP 07703829 A EP07703829 A EP 07703829A EP 1984147 B1 EP1984147 B1 EP 1984147B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
workpiece
process according
abrasive
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07703829A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1984147A1 (de
Inventor
François Besson
Renato Gonano
Jocelyn Kohler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Comadur SA
Original Assignee
Comadur SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Comadur SA filed Critical Comadur SA
Priority to EP07703829A priority Critical patent/EP1984147B1/de
Publication of EP1984147A1 publication Critical patent/EP1984147A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1984147B1 publication Critical patent/EP1984147B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44CPERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C27/00Making jewellery or other personal adornments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/008Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding ceramics, pottery, table ware
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/14Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding turbine blades, propeller blades or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B21/00Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/14Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D2203/00Tool surfaces formed with a pattern

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of surface treatments. It relates more specifically to a method of satinizing a workpiece of a hard material, such as a ceramic, a cermet or a hard metal.
  • Satin is a finishing operation of a surface, intended to give it a particular appearance between the glossy aspect and the matte appearance. It can be made on materials as diverse as glass, metal, plastic or even wood.
  • the processes, aimed at obtaining a slight frosting of the surface, are of a chemical or mechanical nature, depending on the material to be treated.
  • the glazing of the glass is, for example, generally carried out by etching in a bath based on hydrofluoric acid.
  • metals such as steel, gold, brass, are usually satined by mechanical abrasion using a grinding wheel with grains of oxide or silicon carbide.
  • hard material materials having a Vickers hardness greater than 1000 HV. These materials are generally chemically very stable, difficult to machine and resist chemical etching. In watchmaking, they are used for their mechanical properties, in particular because they scratch hard. They serve, for example, to make pieces such as boxes or bracelet links. Their surface condition is usually polished, which gives them a shiny appearance.
  • the present invention provides this type of process.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain surfaces of hard material with a satin appearance.
  • the installation represented in figure 1 typically comprises a handpiece holder 10 on which is fixed a piece 12 of hard material or having at least one outer layer of hard material, and an abrasive tool 14.
  • the piece 12 is, for example, a watch strap link , of substantially parallelepipedal shape, the outer surface 16 is flat. Alternatively, the surface 16 could form a portion of torus, or sphere.
  • the hard material is, for example, a ceramic material such as an aluminum oxide (Al2O3), a zirconium oxide (ZrO2), a carbide, a nitride, a cermet, a hard metal or any other Vickers hardness material. greater than 1000 HV.
  • the piece 12 is previously polished by a method well known to those skilled in the art. In a variant of the process, it could be rough sintering or machining.
  • the abrasive tool 14 is formed of an endless abrasive belt 18 and two guide rollers 20a and 20b, axes respectively AA and BB, at least one of which is rotated by a motor not shown.
  • the strip 18 is mounted taut on the two guide rollers 20a and 20b distant by a distance greater than the sum of their radii, so as to be driven by the effect of friction.
  • It consists of a substrate 22, such as a ribbon, and an active portion 23 integral with the substrate 22 and formed of abrasive particles agglomerated with a binder. According to the invention, it has particular structural characteristics which will be explained later.
  • each particle of the strip 18 describes a path substantially in a plane perpendicular to the axes AA and BB.
  • P1 the family of planes parallel to each other, in which the trajectories of the abrasive particles are inscribed.
  • the abrasive belt 18 being driven by at least one of the guide rollers 20a and 20b, the surface 16 is brought into contact with it.
  • the longitudinal axis of the part 12 is positioned perpendicularly to the planes P1. Depending on the desired saturation effect, the longitudinal axis of the part 12 could also be arranged parallel to the direction of movement of the particles, or form any angle with it. Regardless of the orientation of the part 12 with respect to the direction of movement of the particles, it must remain substantially constant during the satinizing operation.
  • the part 12 is then slightly pressed against the abrasive belt 18 so as to engrave parallel micro-grooves, having a profile substantially V, about 2 microns depth.
  • the piece 12 is held motionless, or moves, in a controlled manner, along a path in a plane P2 substantially parallel to the planes P1.
  • This type of displacement of the part 12 makes it possible to form rectilinear grooves on the surface 16.
  • the part 12 moves in a controlled manner, in a plane P3 that is not parallel to the planes P1, which makes it possible to generate parallel grooves more or less curved on the surface 16.
  • the surface effect obtained is a satin effect with reflections according to the curves of the grooves.
  • the relative displacement of the part 12 and the abrasive belt 18 must be such that the superposition of non-parallel micro-grooves on the surface 16 is avoided. Indeed, such a superposition destroys the desired saturation effect. It will be noted, in particular, that a displacement of the part 12 in the plane of the abrasive belt 18, no parallel to the trajectory of the particles, produces a non-satin appearance unattractive, due to the superposition of non-parallel grooves between them.
  • a cam forming a gutter of radius of curvature R L or R I according to the orientation of the part 12 with respect to the strip 18, can be arranged behind the abrasive belt 18, so as to guide the latter and serve as a support in room 12.
  • the abrasive belt 18 used for the process of satinizing a ceramic part according to the invention is schematically represented in FIG. figure 2a . It is formed of a flexible substrate 22 of fortified paper, canvas or cardboard, and an active portion 23 integral with the substrate and formed of abrasive particles 24 agglomerated with a binder.
  • the abrasive particles 24 are calibrated diamond grains with a diameter of approximately 40 microns. Depending on the desired saturation effect, a grain size greater or less than 40 microns will be chosen.
  • the active part 23 comprising the abrasive particles 24, does not cover the substrate 22 uniformly, but non-uniformly and nonrandomly.
  • the active part 23 is distributed on the substrate 22 in aggregates forming patterns regularly distributed on its surface.
  • this distribution is periodic, as is the case in figure 2a where the active part 23 forms circular pellets 26 arranged staggered on the substrate 22.
  • the pellets 26 have a diameter of about 0.7 mm, and are 1 mm apart.
  • Each consists of a large number of particles 24 agglomerated together with a metal binder, in this case nickel.
  • the active part 23 is distributed on the substrate 22 in aggregates forming two horseshoes back to back. As before, these patterns are staggered on the substrate 22.
  • Such abrasive belts are sold by the company 3M under the references 6400 J N40 F and 6480 J N40, and the company Meister Abrasives under the references Dia-Pellet N40 and Dia-Link N40.
  • the use of these strips combined with the described procedure makes it possible to obtain, on pieces made of hard material, a particularly aesthetic satin effect.
  • the method according to the invention does not not limit to the use of the bands described above. Any other abrasive strip having a spatial distribution of the active portion 23 in regular aggregates distributed on the surface of the substrate, is within the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. figure 3 A photograph taken under a scanning electron microscope of a view of the surface 16 after the satinizing operation is given in FIG. figure 3 .
  • the surface 16 is striated with micro-grooves substantially parallel to each other, having a substantially V profile, a depth of between 0.1 and 2 microns and a width of between 1 and 30 microns. The interaction of the visible light with the micro-grooves produces the satin aspect of the surface 16.
  • FIG 4a schematically represents a first numerically controlled machining machine used for the automatic satin process according to the invention.
  • the machining machine conventionally comprises a cylindrical carrier 30 of axis CC and an abrasive tool 32 with cylindrical symmetry, axis DD parallel to the axis CC.
  • the part 12, with an outer surface 16, is fastened loosely to the workpiece holder 30, its longitudinal axis being parallel to the axis CC of the piece holder 30.
  • the radius R pp of the workpiece carrier 30 is such that the radius of curvature transverse R I of the workpiece 12, is equal to the sum of the radius of the workpiece carrier 30 and the thickness e of the workpiece 12.
  • the abrasive tool 32 is formed of a cylindrical support symmetrical aluminum, on which is attached an abrasive belt 18.
  • the abrasive belt 18 is of the type of strip used for the manual process described above.
  • the active part 23 is distributed on the substrate 22 in regularly distributed aggregates. These form patterns arranged periodically on the substrate 22.
  • the abrasive tool 32 is a grinding wheel formed of a support 34 having cylindrical symmetry of aluminum, and an active portion 23 integral with the support and consisting of particles 24 taken in a binder.
  • the distribution of the active part 23 on the support 22 is uniform.
  • the binder is vitrified. It is formed of a ceramic compound based on SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO and ZnO. This type of grinding wheel is known and marketed under the name vitreous bonded grinding wheel.
  • the piece holder 30 and the abrasive tool 32 are separated by an initial distance greater than the sum of their two radii. They are rotated about their respective axes CC and DD by a motor not shown.
  • the abrasive tool 32 mounted to move in translation along a path that is straight at first until it comes into contact with the workpiece 12, then circular so as to remain tangent to the workpiece 12.
  • the distance of the tool 32 to the carrier 30 is slightly less than the thickness e of the part 12, in order to exert a slight pressure thereon.
  • the distance d is set according to the desired saturation effect.
  • the workpiece holder 30 and the tool 32 rotate about their respective axes CC and DD, and simultaneously, the abrasive tool 32 moves in translation on its trajectory.
  • the particles and the part 12 describe trajectories forming in planes parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axes CC and DD.
  • Note P1 the family of planes in which the trajectories of the particles and P2 the plane in which the trajectory of the part is inscribed.
  • the satin process thus described is optimal for conditions of speed of rotation and advance of the tool 32, and speed of rotation of the workpiece carrier 30, determined.
  • the axes CC and DD respectively of the workpiece holder 30 and of the tool 32 can be arranged perpendicularly or in a completely different orientation, without leaving the framework of the invention.
  • the geometry of the workpiece carrier 30 and the tool 32 must be adapted to the chosen arrangement.
  • the satin obtained then has a particular effect, due to the curvature of the grooves.
  • the automatic glazing method according to the invention can also be applied to parts 12 whose outer surface 16 is flat.
  • the part 12 is fixed to the cylindrical carrier 30, or to a flat workpiece. Whatever type of workpiece holder is used, it is immobile.
  • the abrasive tool 32 is driven, as previously described, a rotational movement combined with a translational movement.
  • the trajectory of the abrasive tool 32 is rectilinear.
  • the workpiece holder 30 is arranged so that the surface 16 is placed on the trajectory of the tool 32, parallel to its speed of advance.
  • the profile of the tool 32 is straight so as to conform to the surface 16.
  • the optimum values of the rotational speed of the tool 32, and of the translation speed are possibly different from the values mentioned above.
  • FIG 5a schematically showing a second installation for the method of glazing a ceramic according to the invention.
  • the installation comprises a fixed holder 38 and an abrasive tool 32 as used for the automatic method described above.
  • the abrasive tool 32 is rotatably mounted on a fixed frame 40, its axis EE being disposed horizontally.
  • its axis EE is mounted mobile in translation along a path forming a circular arc of radius of curvature the transverse radius of curvature R I of the workpiece 12.
  • the workpiece holder 38 is disposed in the vicinity of the frame 40 so that the surface 16 of the part 12 is tangent to the tool 32 over the entire trajectory thereof.
  • the tool 32 sweeps its path in a movement back and forth, while turning on itself. It presses weakly on the part 12 so as to form rectilinear grooves parallel to each other on the entire surface 16. This then takes on a satin appearance.
  • the workpiece holder 38 is formed of a disk 42 of axis FF comprising four supports 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d regularly distributed at its periphery, as shown, in a view from above, on the figure 5b .
  • a part 12 is automatically loaded before the satinizing operation, and then discharged in the same way after this operation.
  • the disk 42 performs a quarter turn, in order to present a new part to the abrasive tool 32.
  • the second installation for a satin process according to the invention may, like the first one, be adapted for the satinization of flat surfaces.
  • the profile of the abrasive tool 32 is straight, and the path followed by its axis is rectilinear.
  • the automatic process of satinizing a piece of hard material can be performed using an abrasive tool 32 as used for the satinization of a metal part. It is possible, for example, to use a grinding wheel with diamond particles or silicon carbide, and a binder made of synthetic resin. However, the result obtained with such a grinding wheel is of a quality substantially lower than the quality obtained with the choice of abrasive tools according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren zum Satinieren eines Teils (12), das aus einem Material mit einer Vickers-Härte grösser als 1000 HV besteht, und eine zu bearbeitende Oberfläche (16) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die wesentlichen folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Sich mit einem Werkstücktrager (10, 30, 38) und einem Abschleifwerkzeug (14) ausstatten, das ein Substrat (22) und einen aktiven Teil (23) aufweist, wobei der aktive Teil (22) einstückig mit dem besagten Substrat ausgebildet ist, und von kalibrierten Partikeln (24) geformt ist, die mit Hilfe eines Binders zusammengepresst sind, und
    - Das Teil (12) an dem Werkstücktrager (10, 30, 38) befestigen,
    - Den besagten Teil (12) und das Abschleifwerkzeug (14) mit einer Relativbewegung in Bezug zueinander derart bewegen, dass die besagte Oberfläche (16) im Kontakt mit der besagten aktiven Teil (23) auf wenigstens einem Abschnitt der Bahnen des Teils (12) und des Abschleifwerkzeugs (14) steht, um im wesentlichen parallel zueinander verlaufende Rillen auf der besagten Oberfläche (16) zu formen,
    wobei der besagte aktive Teil (23) aus Aggregaten besteht, die regelmässig auf dem Substrat (22) verteilte Muster bilden, und wobei der besagte Binder metallisch ist.
  2. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten Partikel (24) Diamantpartikel sind.
  3. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verteilung der besagten Muster auf dem besagten Substrat (22) periodisch ist.
  4. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten Muster in versetzten Reihen auf dem besagten Substrat (22) angeordnet sind.
  5. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten Muster kreisförmige Pastillen (26) sind.
  6. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten Muster aus zwei aneinandergefügten Hufeisen bestehen.
  7. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das besagte Abschleifwerkzeug (14) folgendes umfasst:
    - ein Schleifband (18), das von einem flexiblen, das Substrat bildendes Band (22), und einem aktiven Teil (23) geformt ist, und
    - zwei Führungswalzen (20a, 20b), worauf das besagte Band (18) unter Spannung montiert ist.
  8. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das besagte Abschleifwerkzeug (32) folgendes umfasst:
    - ein Schleifband (18), das von einem flexiblen, das Substrat bildendes Band (22), und einem aktiven Teil (23) geformt ist, and
    - ein zylindersymmetrisches Gestell (34), auf dem das besagte Band (18) befestigt ist.
EP07703829A 2006-01-27 2007-01-12 Verfahren zum satinieren eines harten materials Not-in-force EP1984147B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07703829A EP1984147B1 (de) 2006-01-27 2007-01-12 Verfahren zum satinieren eines harten materials

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06100975A EP1813385A1 (de) 2006-01-27 2006-01-27 Verfahren zum Mattieren von hartem Material und verziertes Werkstück aus hartem, mattiertem Werkstoff
PCT/EP2007/050288 WO2007085537A1 (fr) 2006-01-27 2007-01-12 Procede de satinage d'un materiau dur
EP07703829A EP1984147B1 (de) 2006-01-27 2007-01-12 Verfahren zum satinieren eines harten materials

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1984147A1 EP1984147A1 (de) 2008-10-29
EP1984147B1 true EP1984147B1 (de) 2011-05-04

Family

ID=36580054

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06100975A Withdrawn EP1813385A1 (de) 2006-01-27 2006-01-27 Verfahren zum Mattieren von hartem Material und verziertes Werkstück aus hartem, mattiertem Werkstoff
EP07703829A Not-in-force EP1984147B1 (de) 2006-01-27 2007-01-12 Verfahren zum satinieren eines harten materials

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06100975A Withdrawn EP1813385A1 (de) 2006-01-27 2006-01-27 Verfahren zum Mattieren von hartem Material und verziertes Werkstück aus hartem, mattiertem Werkstoff

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1813385A1 (de)
JP (1) JP5053293B2 (de)
CN (1) CN101389447B (de)
AT (1) ATE507932T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602007014326D1 (de)
WO (1) WO2007085537A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH702731A1 (fr) * 2010-02-25 2011-08-31 Biwi Sa Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce comportant un revêtement élastomère et ladite pièce obtenue.
CN102729160B (zh) * 2011-03-30 2014-12-24 深圳市汉通实业有限公司 一种插片式柔性研磨带
DE112012002178T5 (de) 2011-05-20 2014-03-13 Shaw Industries Group, Inc. Musterschleifvorrichtung, System und Verfahren
CN102825527A (zh) * 2012-09-17 2012-12-19 潮州三环(集团)股份有限公司 一种拉丝陶瓷加工装置及其加工方法
ITVI20130168A1 (it) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-02 Errea Sistemi S N C Di Bedin Rober To E Ciscato A Procedimento per la lavorazione di diamantatura su oggetti aventi forma irregolare

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US3177628A (en) * 1961-06-26 1965-04-13 Engelhard Hanovia Inc Grinding of materials with hard abrasives
US3988866A (en) * 1975-03-25 1976-11-02 Westinghouse Electric Corporation High density ceramic turbine members
US4541842A (en) * 1980-12-29 1985-09-17 Norton Company Glass bonded abrasive agglomerates
JPS6150773A (ja) * 1984-08-10 1986-03-13 Goei Seisakusho:Kk ダイヤモンドエンドレスベルト
JPH0777702B2 (ja) * 1985-10-11 1995-08-23 キヤノン株式会社 回動体の研磨装置及び回動体の研磨方法
WO2001018275A1 (fr) * 1999-09-07 2001-03-15 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Ornement et son procede de preparation
JPH01127274A (ja) * 1987-11-11 1989-05-19 Kyoei Denko Kk 磁性研磨体及び表面加工方法
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DE69511068T2 (de) * 1994-02-22 2000-04-06 Minnesota Mining And Mfg. Co. Schleifartikel, verfahren zum herstellen derselben, und verfahren zum anwenden desselben bei endbearbeitung
US6928734B1 (en) * 1997-09-08 2005-08-16 Trent West Jewelry ring and method of manufacturing same
US6520833B1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2003-02-18 Lam Research Corporation Oscillating fixed abrasive CMP system and methods for implementing the same
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JP2004291218A (ja) * 2003-03-28 2004-10-21 Kurenooton Kk メタルボンドホイール
US20050166401A1 (en) * 2004-01-30 2005-08-04 Robert Jared J. Wear-resistant composite rings for jewelry, medical or industrial devices and manufacturing method therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1813385A1 (de) 2007-08-01
WO2007085537A1 (fr) 2007-08-02
JP5053293B2 (ja) 2012-10-17
DE602007014326D1 (de) 2011-06-16
EP1984147A1 (de) 2008-10-29
ATE507932T1 (de) 2011-05-15
CN101389447A (zh) 2009-03-18
CN101389447B (zh) 2010-08-11
JP2009526655A (ja) 2009-07-23

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