EP1975291B1 - Loom and method for weaving single cloth uncut velvet - Google Patents

Loom and method for weaving single cloth uncut velvet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1975291B1
EP1975291B1 EP08356057A EP08356057A EP1975291B1 EP 1975291 B1 EP1975291 B1 EP 1975291B1 EP 08356057 A EP08356057 A EP 08356057A EP 08356057 A EP08356057 A EP 08356057A EP 1975291 B1 EP1975291 B1 EP 1975291B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
positions
loom
rods
warp
shed
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EP08356057A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1975291A1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Iltis
Guy Meersschaert
Henk Lambrecht
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Staubli Faverges SCA
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Staubli Faverges SCA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D39/00—Pile-fabric looms
    • D03D39/10—Wire-tapestry looms, e.g. for weaving velvet or Brussels or Wilton carpets, the pile being formed over weftwise wires
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03C—SHEDDING MECHANISMS; PATTERN CARDS OR CHAINS; PUNCHING OF CARDS; DESIGNING PATTERNS
    • D03C13/00—Shedding mechanisms not otherwise provided for
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03C—SHEDDING MECHANISMS; PATTERN CARDS OR CHAINS; PUNCHING OF CARDS; DESIGNING PATTERNS
    • D03C3/00—Jacquards
    • D03C3/12—Multiple-shed jacquards, i.e. jacquards which move warp threads to several different heights, e.g. for weaving pile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03C—SHEDDING MECHANISMS; PATTERN CARDS OR CHAINS; PUNCHING OF CARDS; DESIGNING PATTERNS
    • D03C3/00—Jacquards
    • D03C3/20—Electrically-operated jacquards
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03C—SHEDDING MECHANISMS; PATTERN CARDS OR CHAINS; PUNCHING OF CARDS; DESIGNING PATTERNS
    • D03C3/00—Jacquards
    • D03C3/20—Electrically-operated jacquards
    • D03C3/205—Independently actuated lifting cords

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a simple tablecloth loom for a pile velvet fabric, and to a method of weaving such a velvet fabric.
  • a pile fabric may have, in the same row parallel to the weft, loops and bristles, as described in US-A-2 981 292 .
  • the so-called "pinned velvet" trades are simple tablecloth looms whose chain includes both bottom threads and threads intended to form loops or bristles. These trades have superimposed crowds.
  • the lower crowd allows the insertion of a frame carried by lances, while a higher crowd allows the insertion of a rod around which some of the warp son form a loop.
  • the rods are moved by a device located on one side of the fabric, which device inserts during a pick a rod that it removed from the fabric during a previous pick.
  • Different rods, moved by a device located on one side of the loom can carry a blade at one of their ends, this blade cutting the loop when removing the rod forming two hairs.
  • Velvet looms pinned allow to mix, on the same row parallel to the frame, loops and hairs of different heights.
  • a first method for achieving this objective is shown schematically in Figures 1 and 2 . It requires four knocks A, B, C and D. Two warp threads 1 1 and 1 2 form the bottom of the fabric with weft threads 2. Another warp thread 1 3 forms, during the blow A, a loop around a rod 31, before being incorporated in the bottom of the fabric until the fourth blow D. A fourth warp 1 4 forms a loop around the rod 31 and a rod 32 equipped with a blade, this second rod being inserted at the third stroke C above the bottom of the fabric.
  • the comb stroke subsequent to the insertion of the second bead wire 32 at the cut C places the second bead wire 32 above the first bead wire 31.
  • Another method is to insert an organ called "double iron” which has two superimposed rods, one to form a loop and the other, superimposed on the first, to form the bristles. It is then necessary to form three crowds to simultaneously insert a bottom frame and two rods, which requires the use of shedding means for placing warp son in four different positions.
  • US-A-5,522,435 also plans to obtain four positions from a three-position Jacquard combined with a mobile stand. If such material is used with rods, during the extraction of the rods, the warp son can be placed below or above the frame, and between the rods. When the insertion stroke of the rods, the son can be placed below or above the hair rod, or above the frame. Such an approach does not allow placing a pile yarn or loop below the weft to create a background effect.
  • two Jacquard devices can be assembled in three positions.
  • the crowd of the first device is set so as to be able to control the loop threads, while the crowd of the second device is adjusted so as to be able to control the pile threads.
  • the invention intends to remedy more particularly by proposing a new loom for pinned velvet whereby loops and bristles can be easily obtained, with a high production rate and limited risk of defects.
  • the use of individually controlled electric actuators makes it possible to distribute warp yarns so as to form at least three superimposed crowds dedicated respectively to the insertion of the weft threads and to the insertion of the two rods of guiding, so that, during the same duite, a weft and two rods can be set up in these three crowds.
  • the individually controlled electric actuators make it possible to adjust the profiles of movement of the rails, so that the formed crowds are optimized with respect to the passage of the guide lances of the weft threads, on the one hand, and the rods, on the other hand.
  • the actuators are capable of conferring on the rails at least four positions defining the crowds such that the difference between two of these positions, taken perpendicularly to an insertion plane of the weft threads, is different from the gap. caught between two other of these positions.
  • At least one of the loom rods can be equipped with a cutting blade loops formed around it, which allows to create bristles.
  • the actuators are advantageously capable of imparting to certain slats at least one movement profile such that the distance, taken at the level of a comb of the loom, between two plies of warp threads remains constant during the insertion of the rods. This optimizes the available volume for the insertion of the rods and limits the risk that the rods pass through the warp son forming the webs.
  • the simple tablecloth M represented schematically in the figure 3 is equipped with warp yarns 1 each passing through an eyelet 36 of a yoke 3 animated by a movement of vertical oscillations represented by the double arrow A 1 , this movement being generally perpendicular to the direction of movement of the weft yarns represented by the double arrow A 2 .
  • Each arm 3 is connected by a cord 4 to a pulley 5 driven in rotation by an electric actuator 6, for example a servomotor of the type described in FIG. FR-A-2,772,791 .
  • each rail is connected to a return spring 8 integral with the frame 9 of the trade M.
  • the number of actuators 6 of the trade M can be very large, for example of the order of 10,000 or more.
  • a central computer C 11 is used, in conjunction with several remote computers C 21 , C 22 , C 23 ... C 2i .
  • Each computer C 2i is disposed near the servomotors 6 that it controls, while being connected to the central computer C 11 by means of an electrical connection L 2i .
  • the computer C 11 receives a signal S 1 representative of the instantaneous position of the loom M in its cycle, for example the instantaneous angular position ⁇ of its main shaft 10.
  • the calculator C 11 is also linked to a unit U 1 in which the references of the desired armor are stored. Depending on the armor to be produced, the computer C 11 receives from the unit U 1 a signal S 2 representative of the type of movement profile that must follow each rail 3 actuated by each servomotor 6 controlled by one of the computers C 2i .
  • a flexible lance 11 is provided for introducing a weft yarn 2 into a shed F 1 defined between two plies of warp yarn 1.
  • the weft yarn 2 comes from a feeding device 21, while the spear 11 is controlled in its movement through a gear wheel 12.
  • Other means of driving the lance 11 to the crowd F 1 or extraction of the lance relative to this crowd may be provided.
  • the lance 11 is equipped with a claw 13 for hooking the weft thread 2.
  • the loom M also comprises a device 30 for inserting two rods 31 and 32 in two other crowds formed by the warp yarns 1 above the shed F 1 .
  • the two rods 31 and 32 are mounted on a support 33 driven parallel to the insertion direction of the weft son in the crowd, represented by the double arrow A 2 , by a jack 34.
  • Other means of driving the support 33 parallel to the double arrow A 2 are possible.
  • the rod 31 has a circular section over its entire length. Alternatively, the section of the rod 31 may be rectangular throughout its length.
  • the rod 32 carries, at its end opposite the support 33, a blade 35 for cutting the warp threads 1.
  • Two warp threads 1 1 and 1 2 form the binding chain of the fabric being manufactured and constitute with the weft son 2 the bottom of the fabric.
  • Three other warp threads 1 3 , 1 4 and 1 5 are used to form loops and bristles extending upwardly from the bottom of the fabric.
  • the thread 1 3 passes over the two rods 31 and 32, before passing under the weft thread 2 at the stroke C, then between the rods 31 and 32 at the stroke D, before being incorporated at the bottom of the fabric from the stroke E.
  • the wire 1 4 pass, meanwhile, between the rods 31 and 32 at the stroke B then in the bottom of the fabric between the strokes C and E, before passing respectively over the rod 32 during the stroke F and above the rod 31 during the stroke H.
  • the wire 1 5 is integrated at the bottom of the fabric until the stroke C, then passes over the rod 32 at the shot D before being integrated in the bottom of the fabric during the stroke F and then iron over the rod 32 at the stroke H.
  • the device 30 comprises several supports 33 equipped with rods 31 and 32 and controlled by a jack or the like, which makes it possible to keep the rods 31 and 32 engaged between the warp threads for a few strokes after the part of the fabric in which which they are in place has exceeded the point of striking P F.
  • the stroke C of the different smooth 3 is a function of the angle of the trade ⁇ .
  • the curves C 1 , C 2 represent respectively the position of the son 1 1 and 1 2 in the configuration of the figure 5 .
  • the respective low and high dead points of the curves C 1 and C 2 define the position of two plies N 1 and N 2 of warp yarns arranged in the loom M by defining between them the shed F 1 in which are successively introduced strands of frame 2.
  • D 1 is the amplitude of the crowd F 1 , this amplitude being equal to the distance between the plies N 1 and N 2 .
  • the distance between the plane ⁇ and the layer N 1 and 12 the distance between the plane ⁇ and the layer N 2.
  • the distance d 11 is less than the distance d 12 , so that the plane ⁇ is closer to the ply N 1 than the ply N 2 .
  • the profile of the curves C 1 and C 2 is asymmetrical, which makes it possible to adapt the shape of the lower part of these curves, that is to say of the portion between the plane ⁇ and the web N 1 , to guide the lance 11 in its movement inside the crowd F 1 .
  • the geometry of the crowd F 1 makes it possible to improve the stability of the lance during its movements along the arrow F 2 .
  • the curve C 3 represents the position of the control rod of the wire 1 3 of the figure 5 .
  • This curve makes it possible to define a third ply N 3 corresponding to the position of a warp when it has to pass between the rods 31 and 32.
  • the curve C 3 tangents the ply N 3 during the blow D.
  • D 2 the distance between the sheets N 2 and N 3 .
  • the curve C 3 also makes it possible to define, by its highest point, a sheet N 4 corresponding to the position of a warp when it must pass over the rod 32.
  • Note D 3 the distance between the layers N 3 and N 4 .
  • the plies N 1 to N 4 thus correspond to four positions of the eyelet 36 of a rail 3 controlled by a servomotor 6. These positions, that is to say the values of the distances d 11 , d 12 , D 2 and D 3 are easily adjustable by means of calculators C 11 , C 21 ... C 2i .
  • the distances D 1 , D 2 and D 3 are different by being adapted to the geometry of the pieces passing respectively in the crowd F 1 , in a crowd F 2 , defined between the sheets N 2 and N 3 , and in a crowd F 3 , defined between the sheets N 3 and N 4 . More precisely, the distance D 1 is determined as a function of the height of the claw 13, while the distances D 2 and D 3 are determined respectively as a function of the height of the rods 31 and 32.
  • the notion of height corresponds to the dimension of an object taken perpendicular to the plane ⁇ .
  • the curve C 3 comprises a portion C 3A which tangents the position of the sheet N 4 forming an upper plate generally corresponding to the maintaining a maximum shed height H 3 with respect to the sheet N 2 over a range of occupation angle centered around the value 180 °. This keeps the crowd F 3 open long enough to ensure a smooth passage of the rod 32.
  • the curve C 3 has a second plate C 3B in which the crowd height H 2 is kept substantially constant over a range of angle centered around an angle ⁇ equal to 900 °.
  • curves C 1 , C 2 are identical to those shown in FIG. figure 6 .
  • Curve C 3 has, in the vicinity of the sheet N 4, an inflection C ' 3A which corresponds to a momentary decrease in the opening angle of the crowd F 3 , that is to say the height of the crowd H 3 .
  • a zone of inflection C ' 3B is provided on the curve C 3 in the vicinity of the sheet N 3 , which corresponds to a momentary decrease in the opening angle of the crowd F 2 , that is, that is, the height H 2 .
  • ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 the opening angles of the crowds F 1 , F 2 and F 3 .
  • h 2 the height of the crowd F 2 , taken between the sheet N 2 and a point P 3 input of the sheet N 3 in a comb 40 belonging to the trade M.
  • h 3 the height of the crowd F 3 taken between the sheet N 2 and an entry point P 4 of the sheet N 4 in the comb 40.
  • the comb 40 is driven by a tilting movement represented by the double arrow A 3 , this comb moving away from the point of striking P F when the angle of work approaches in increasing of the value of 180 °.
  • the position of the figure 8 corresponds to a business angle of 110 °
  • the position of the figure 9 corresponds to a business angle of 180 °.
  • a smooth 3 must reach its position of maximum height, represented for the values of 110 ° and 830 ° to the figure 7 at the beginning of the insertion of the rods 31 and 32. Then it can go down slightly, which represent the zones of inflection C ' 3A and C' 3B , until the comb reaches its extreme rear position shown in FIG. the figure 9 . Then, the arm goes up to a second maximum high position it joins, at a business angle value of about 250 ° or 970 °, while the insertion of the rods ends.
  • the warp threads are individually controlled by the actuators 6, it is possible to assign different amplitudes or movement profiles to the stringers according to their position in the width of the fabric.
  • the profiles of the movement of the smooth edges of the fabric can, in the embodiment at the figure 6 , presenting plateau areas C ' 3 and C " 3 with an angular amplitude greater than that used for the rest of the tissue, in other words, the plateau areas C' 3 and C" 3 represented in FIG. figure 6 may be wider for the rails near the edges of the fabric, at least on the insertion side of the rods 31 and 32.
  • the second method shown in FIG. figure 7 it is the spacing between the zones of maximum heights of the curve C 3 which can be increased in the vicinity of this edge.
  • the invention has been shown in the case of a fabric which has, on a row, cut hairs and loops.
  • the height of the hairs is greater than that of the loops.
  • the rods 31 and 32 are or not provided with a cutting blade, such as the blade 35, at their respective ends.
  • the invention has been shown in the case where a support 33 carries two rods 31 and 32 and is moved on one side with respect to the crowds. Satisfactory results can also be obtained in a trade where two devices for setting up and removing the separate rods are used, for example each placed on one side of the craft.
  • the actuators 6 of the craft can generate more than four positions of the rails 3, that is to say more than three crowds, which makes it possible to envisage introducing three or more rods in three crowds adding to the background crowd F 1 of the fabric. It is then possible to obtain three heights of loops or different hairs.
  • the shedding device is a wire-in-line Jacquard consisting of independent actuators 6.
  • the invention also relates to a pinned velor loom associated with a shedding device consisting of independent actuators each connected to several smooth, by means of cords extending in parallel or through a frame such as that we know in the trades equipped with dobbies or cam mechanisms.

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Description

L'invention a trait à un métier à tisser simple nappe pour un tissu velours épinglé, ainsi qu'à un procédé de tissage d'un tel tissu velours. Un tel tissu velours peut présenter, selon une même rangée parallèle à la trame, des boucles et des poils, comme décrit dans US-A-2 981 292 .The invention relates to a simple tablecloth loom for a pile velvet fabric, and to a method of weaving such a velvet fabric. Such a pile fabric may have, in the same row parallel to the weft, loops and bristles, as described in US-A-2 981 292 .

Les métiers dits « velours épinglé » sont des métiers à tisser simple nappe dont la chaîne comporte à la fois des fils de fond et des fils destinés à former des boucles ou des poils. Ces métiers présentent des foules superposées. La foule inférieure permet l'insertion d'une trame portée par des lances, alors qu'une foule supérieure permet l'insertion d'une tringle autour de laquelle certains des fils de chaîne forment alors une boucle. Les tringles sont mues par un dispositif situé sur un côté du tissu, lequel dispositif insère au cours d'une duite une tringle qu'il a retiré du tissu au cours d'une duite précédente. Différentes tringles, déplacées par un dispositif situé sur un côté du métier, peuvent porter une lame à l'une de leurs extrémités, cette lame coupant la boucle lors du retrait de la tringle en formant deux poils. En alternant des tringles avec et sans lame, il est possible de produire un tissu présentant à la fois des boucles et des poils.The so-called "pinned velvet" trades are simple tablecloth looms whose chain includes both bottom threads and threads intended to form loops or bristles. These trades have superimposed crowds. The lower crowd allows the insertion of a frame carried by lances, while a higher crowd allows the insertion of a rod around which some of the warp son form a loop. The rods are moved by a device located on one side of the fabric, which device inserts during a pick a rod that it removed from the fabric during a previous pick. Different rods, moved by a device located on one side of the loom, can carry a blade at one of their ends, this blade cutting the loop when removing the rod forming two hairs. By alternating rods with and without a blade, it is possible to produce a fabric having both loops and bristles.

Dans le domaine de l'ameublement, il existe une forte demande pour des tissus présentant à la fois des effets de fond, des boucles et des poils. Les métiers velours épinglé permettent de mélanger, sur une même rangée parallèle à la trame, des boucles et des poils de hauteurs différentes.In the field of furniture, there is a strong demand for fabrics having both background effects, loops and hairs. Velvet looms pinned allow to mix, on the same row parallel to the frame, loops and hairs of different heights.

Une première méthode pour atteindre cet objectif est représentée schématiquement aux figures 1 et 2. Elle requiert quatre coups métier A, B, C et D. Deux fils de chaîne 11 et 12 forment le fond du tissu avec des fils de trame 2. Un autre fil de chaîne 13 forme, lors du coup A, une boucle autour d'une tringle 31, avant d'être incorporé au fond du tissu jusqu'au quatrième coup D. Un quatrième fil de chaîne 14 forme une boucle autour de la tringle 31 et d'une tringle 32 équipée d'une lame, cette deuxième tringle étant insérée au troisième coup C au-dessus du fond du tissu. En utilisant une armure de fond appropriée, telle que « 4/4 » ou « 2/2 », et en n'introduisant aucun fil de trame lors des second et troisième coups B et C, le coup de peigne consécutif à l'insertion de la seconde tringle 32 au coup C place la seconde tringle 32 au-dessus de la première tringle 31. Après retrait des première et deuxième tringles 31 et 32, on forme une rangée comportant des poils P constitués à partir du fil 14 et qui s'étendent, par rapport à un plan Π médian du fond du tissu, à une hauteur supérieure à celle des boucles BO. Cette méthode est peu productive car elle nécessite quatre coups du métier pour produire une rangée de boucles et de poils.A first method for achieving this objective is shown schematically in Figures 1 and 2 . It requires four knocks A, B, C and D. Two warp threads 1 1 and 1 2 form the bottom of the fabric with weft threads 2. Another warp thread 1 3 forms, during the blow A, a loop around a rod 31, before being incorporated in the bottom of the fabric until the fourth blow D. A fourth warp 1 4 forms a loop around the rod 31 and a rod 32 equipped with a blade, this second rod being inserted at the third stroke C above the bottom of the fabric. Using appropriate bottom armor, such as "4/4" or "2/2", and not introducing no weft yarn during the second and third strokes B and C, the comb stroke subsequent to the insertion of the second bead wire 32 at the cut C places the second bead wire 32 above the first bead wire 31. After removal of the first and second rods 31 and 32, forming a row having bristles P formed from the wire 1 4 and which extend, relative to a median plane du of the fabric bottom, to a height greater than that of the loops BO. This method is not very productive because it requires four strokes of the craft to produce a row of curls and bristles.

Une autre méthode consiste à insérer un organe dénommé « fer double » qui comporte deux tringles superposées, l'une pour former une boucle et l'autre, superposée à la première, pour former les poils. Il est alors nécessaire de former trois foules pour insérer simultanément une trame de fond et deux tringles, ce qui impose d'utiliser des moyens de formation de la foule permettant de placer des fils de chaîne dans quatre positions différentes. On doit alors utiliser des mécaniques Jacquard quatre positions, telles que connues par exemple de EP-A-0 665 312 , qui utilisent un système relativement complexe et volumineux de mouffles. Le prix de revient et la complexité de ces mécaniques sont tels qu'ils sont, en pratique, peu utilisés.Another method is to insert an organ called "double iron" which has two superimposed rods, one to form a loop and the other, superimposed on the first, to form the bristles. It is then necessary to form three crowds to simultaneously insert a bottom frame and two rods, which requires the use of shedding means for placing warp son in four different positions. We must then use four-position Jacquard machines, as known for example from EP-A-0 665 312 , who use a relatively complex and bulky system of muffles. The cost price and the complexity of these mechanisms are such that they are, in practice, little used.

US-A-5 522 435 prévoit par ailleurs d'obtenir quatre positions à partir d'un Jacquard à trois positions combiné avec un support mobile. Si un tel matériel est utilisé avec des tringles, lors du coup d'extraction des tringles, les fils de chaîne peuvent être placés en dessous ou au-dessus de la trame, ainsi que entre les tringles. Lors du coup d'insertion des tringles, les fils peuvent être placés en dessous ou au-dessus de la tringle de poils, ou au-dessus de la trame. Une telle approche ne permet pas de placer un fil de poil ou boucle en dessous de la trame afin de créer un effet de fond. US-A-5,522,435 also plans to obtain four positions from a three-position Jacquard combined with a mobile stand. If such material is used with rods, during the extraction of the rods, the warp son can be placed below or above the frame, and between the rods. When the insertion stroke of the rods, the son can be placed below or above the hair rod, or above the frame. Such an approach does not allow placing a pile yarn or loop below the weft to create a background effect.

Selon une autre approche, on peut assembler deux dispositifs Jacquard à trois positions. La foule du premier dispositif est réglée de façon à pouvoir commander les fils de boucles, alors que la foule du second dispositif est réglée de façon à pouvoir commander les fils de poils. Cette solution réduit les possibilités de tissage puisque les fils de chaîne de boucles ne peuvent pas être utilisés pour former des poils et vice versa.According to another approach, two Jacquard devices can be assembled in three positions. The crowd of the first device is set so as to be able to control the loop threads, while the crowd of the second device is adjusted so as to be able to control the pile threads. This solution reduces weaving possibilities since loop warp threads can not be used to form bristles and vice versa.

Ainsi, les possibilités de tissage avec des dispositifs connus sur un métier de velours épinglé sont limités à la fois en ce qui concerne la flexibilité et la productivité obtenues.Thus, the possibilities of weaving with known devices on a pinned velvet loom are limited both with regard to the flexibility and productivity obtained.

C'est à ces inconvénients qu'entend plus particulièrement remédier l'invention en proposant un nouveau métier à tisser pour velours épinglé grâce auquel des boucles et des poils peuvent être obtenus aisément, avec une cadence de production élevée et des risques de défauts limités.It is these drawbacks that the invention intends to remedy more particularly by proposing a new loom for pinned velvet whereby loops and bristles can be easily obtained, with a high production rate and limited risk of defects.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un métier à tisser simple nappe pour tissu velours épinglé, ce métier comprenant des moyens d'insertion de fils de trame dans une première foule formée par des fils de chaîne ainsi que :

  • des actionneurs électriques commandés individuellement et aptes à amener chacun au moins une lisse de guidage d'un fil de chaîne dans l'une d'au moins quatre positions définissant au moins trois foules de fils de chaîne et
  • des moyens d'insertion simultanés, dans chacune des foules autres que la première foule, d'une tringle de guidage de fils de chaîne pour la formation de boucles ou de poils.
To this end, the invention relates to a simple tablecloth loom for pinned velvet fabric, this loom comprising means for inserting weft threads into a first shed formed by warp threads, as well as:
  • electrical actuators individually controlled and adapted to bring each at least one guide rail of a warp in at least one of four positions defining at least three crowds of warp yarns and
  • simultaneous insertion means, in each of the crowds other than the first crowd, a wire guide rod for the formation of loops or bristles.

Grâce à l'invention, l'utilisation d'actionneurs électriques commandés individuellement permet de répartir des fils de chaîne de façon à former au moins trois foules superposées dédiées respectivement à l'insertion des fils de trame et à l'insertion des deux tringles de guidage, de telle sorte que, au cours d'une même duite, un fil de trame et les deux tringles peuvent être mis en place dans ces trois foules. En outre, les actionneurs électriques commandés individuellement permettent d'ajuster les profils de déplacement des lisses, de telle sorte que les foules formées sont optimisées par rapport au passage des lances de guidage des fils de trame, d'une part, et des tringles, d'autre part.Thanks to the invention, the use of individually controlled electric actuators makes it possible to distribute warp yarns so as to form at least three superimposed crowds dedicated respectively to the insertion of the weft threads and to the insertion of the two rods of guiding, so that, during the same duite, a weft and two rods can be set up in these three crowds. In addition, the individually controlled electric actuators make it possible to adjust the profiles of movement of the rails, so that the formed crowds are optimized with respect to the passage of the guide lances of the weft threads, on the one hand, and the rods, on the other hand.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse, les actionneurs sont aptes à conférer aux lisses au moins quatre positions définissant les foules telles que l'écart entre deux de ces positions, pris perpendiculairement à un plan d'insertion des fils de trame, est différent de l'écart pris entre deux autres de ces positions.According to an advantageous characteristic, the actuators are capable of conferring on the rails at least four positions defining the crowds such that the difference between two of these positions, taken perpendicularly to an insertion plane of the weft threads, is different from the gap. caught between two other of these positions.

En outre, une au moins des tringles du métier peut être équipée d'une lame de coupe des boucles formées autour d'elle, ce qui permet de créer des poils.In addition, at least one of the loom rods can be equipped with a cutting blade loops formed around it, which allows to create bristles.

Les actionneurs sont avantageusement aptes à conférer à certaines lisses au moins un profil de mouvement tel que la distance, prise au niveau d'un peigne du métier, entre deux nappes de fils de chaîne demeure constante pendant l'insertion des tringles. Ceci permet d'optimiser le volume disponible pour l'insertion des tringles et limite le risque que les tringles passent au travers des fils de chaîne formant les nappes.The actuators are advantageously capable of imparting to certain slats at least one movement profile such that the distance, taken at the level of a comb of the loom, between two plies of warp threads remains constant during the insertion of the rods. This optimizes the available volume for the insertion of the rods and limits the risk that the rods pass through the warp son forming the webs.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de tissage de velours épinglé simple nappe qui peut être mis en oeuvre avec un métier tel que décrit précédemment et, plus spécifiquement, un procédé dans lequel on insère des fils de trame dans une première foule formée par des fils de chaîne et qui comprend des étapes consistant à :

  1. a) contrôler la position de fils de chaîne au moyen d'actionneurs électriques commandés individuellement, en amenant au moins une lisse de guidage d'un fil de chaîne dans l'une d'au moins quatre positions définissant au moins trois foules et
  2. b) insérer simultanément, dans chacune des foules autres que la première foule, une tringle de guidage de fil de chaîne pour la formation de boucles ou de poils.
Selon des aspects avantageux mais non obligatoires de l'invention, un tel procédé peut incorporer une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :
  • L'écart entre deux des au moins quatre positions, pris perpendiculairement à un plan d'insertion des fils de trame, est différent de l'écart pris entre deux autres de ces quatre positions. Dans ce cas, les écarts entre les positions définissant respectivement les foules dans lesquels sont insérés, d'une part, les fils de trame et, d'autre part, les tringles, sont adaptés, d'une part, à la hauteur de la ou des lances d'insertion des fils de trame et, d'autre part, à la hauteur de chacune des tringles, ces hauteurs étant prises perpendiculairement au plan d'insertion des fils de trame.
  • Le profil de la foule dans laquelle sont insérés les fils de trame est asymétrique et adapté à la géométrie de la ou des lances d'insertion des fils de trame.
  • Le profil de mouvement de certaines lisses au moins comprend un plateau supérieur correspondant sensiblement au maintien d'une hauteur de foule maximale sur une plage angulaire donnée de mouvement de l'arbre métier.
  • Le profil de mouvement de certaines lisses au moins est tel qu'une distance, prise au niveau d'un peigne du métier et entre deux nappes de fils de chaîne, demeure sensiblement constante pendant l'insertion des tringles. Dans ce cas, on peut prévoir que le profil de mouvement de certaines lisses au moins comprend une partie supérieure présentant une inflexion induisant une diminution momentanée de la hauteur de foule, en synchronisme avec le passage du peigne dans une partie de sa course correspondant à un écartement maximal par rapport au point de frappe.
  • Les amplitudes et/ou les profils de mouvement des lisses sont variables en fonction de leur position dans la largeur du tissu.
The invention also relates to a method of weaving single pile napkin velvet that can be implemented with a loom as described above and, more specifically, a method in which we insert weft threads in a first shed formed by yarns. and includes steps of:
  1. a) controlling the position of warp yarns by means of individually controlled electric actuators, by bringing at least one guidewire of a warp yarn into one of at least four positions defining at least three crowds and
  2. b) simultaneously inserting, in each of the crowds other than the first crowd, a warp guide bar for the formation of loops or bristles.
According to advantageous but non-mandatory aspects of the invention, such a method can incorporate one or more of the following features:
  • The difference between two of the at least four positions, taken perpendicular to a weft son insertion plane, is different from the difference between two other of these four positions. In this case, the gaps between the positions respectively defining the crowds in which are inserted, on the one hand, the weft son and on the other hand, the rods, are adapted, on the one hand, to the height of the or insertion lances of the weft son and, secondly, at the height of each of the rods, these heights being taken perpendicularly to the insertion plane of the weft son.
  • The profile of the crowd in which the weft threads are inserted is asymmetrical and adapted to the geometry of the weft insertion lance or lances.
  • The movement profile of at least some of the slats comprises an upper plate corresponding substantially to maintaining a maximum shed height over a given angular range of motion of the business tree.
  • The movement profile of at least some smooth is such that a distance, taken at a comb of the trade and between two layers of warp son, remains substantially constant during the insertion of the rods. In this case, it can be provided that the movement profile of at least some smooth members comprises an upper portion having an inflection inducing a momentary decrease in the shed height, in synchronism with the passage of the comb in a portion of its stroke corresponding to a maximum distance from the point of impact.
  • The amplitudes and / or the movement profiles of the slats are variable depending on their position in the width of the fabric.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lumière de la description qui va suivre de deux modes de réalisation d'un métier et d'un procédé conformes à l'invention, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • les figures 1 et 2 sont des représentations schématiques de principe d'un procédé de tissage de l'état de la technique
  • la figure 3 est une représentation schématique de principe d'un métier à tisser conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue de côté d'un ensemble de deux tringles utilisées dans le métier de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5 est une représentation schématique de la position de différents fils de chaînes au cours du tissage sur le métier de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 6 est une représentation de la course de certaines lisses lors des quatre premiers coups métier représentés à la figure 5 ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue analogue à la figure 6 pour un procédé conforme à un second mode de réalisation de l'invention.
  • la figure 8 est une représentation schématique de côté d'un métier à tisser conforme à l'invention dans une première configuration correspondant à un premier angle métier dans le cadre du procédé de la figure 7, et
  • la figure 9 est une vue analogue à la figure 8 lorsque le métier est dans une deuxième configuration correspondant à un second angle métier.
The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the following description of two embodiments of a trade and a method according to the invention, given only to by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the Figures 1 and 2 are schematic representations of the principle of a weaving process of the state of the art
  • the figure 3 is a schematic representation of a weaving machine according to the invention;
  • the figure 4 is a side view of a set of two rods used in the craft of the figure 3 ;
  • the figure 5 is a schematic representation of the position of different warp yarns during weaving on the craft of the figure 3 ;
  • the figure 6 is a representation of the race of some smooth during the first four shots represented at the figure 5 ;
  • the figure 7 is a view similar to the figure 6 for a method according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the figure 8 is a schematic side view of a loom according to the invention in a first configuration corresponding to a first business angle in the context of the method of the invention. figure 7 , and
  • the figure 9 is a view similar to the figure 8 when the loom is in a second configuration corresponding to a second business angle.

Le métier à tisser simple nappe M représenté schématiquement à la figure 3 est équipé de fils de chaîne 1 traversant chacun un oeillet 36 d'une lisse 3 animée d'un mouvement d'oscillations verticales représenté par la double flèche A1, ce mouvement étant globalement perpendiculaire à la direction de mouvement des fils de trame représenté par la double flèche A2. Chaque lisse 3 est reliée par un cordon 4 à une poulie 5 entraînée en rotation par un actionneur électrique 6, par exemple un servomoteur du type décrit dans FR-A-2 772 791 . Dans sa partie inférieure, chaque lisse est reliée à un ressort de rappel 8 solidaire du bâti 9 du métier M.The simple tablecloth M represented schematically in the figure 3 is equipped with warp yarns 1 each passing through an eyelet 36 of a yoke 3 animated by a movement of vertical oscillations represented by the double arrow A 1 , this movement being generally perpendicular to the direction of movement of the weft yarns represented by the double arrow A 2 . Each arm 3 is connected by a cord 4 to a pulley 5 driven in rotation by an electric actuator 6, for example a servomotor of the type described in FIG. FR-A-2,772,791 . In its lower part, each rail is connected to a return spring 8 integral with the frame 9 of the trade M.

En pratique, le nombre d'actionneurs 6 du métier M peut être très important, par exemple de l'ordre de 10 000 ou plus.In practice, the number of actuators 6 of the trade M can be very large, for example of the order of 10,000 or more.

Pour commander les actionneurs 6, un calculateur central C11 est utilisé, en conjonction avec plusieurs calculateurs déportés C21, C22, C23 ... C2i. Chaque calculateur C2i est disposé à proximité des servomoteurs 6 qu'il commande, tout en étant relié au calculateur central C11 au moyen d'une liaison électrique L2i. Le calculateur C11 reçoit un signal S1 représentatif de la position instantanée du métier M dans son cycle, par exemple la position angulaire instantanée θ de son arbre principal 10.To control the actuators 6, a central computer C 11 is used, in conjunction with several remote computers C 21 , C 22 , C 23 ... C 2i . Each computer C 2i is disposed near the servomotors 6 that it controls, while being connected to the central computer C 11 by means of an electrical connection L 2i . The computer C 11 receives a signal S 1 representative of the instantaneous position of the loom M in its cycle, for example the instantaneous angular position θ of its main shaft 10.

Le calculateur C11 est également lié à une unité U1 dans laquelle sont stockées les références de l'armure recherchée. En fonction de l'armure à réaliser, le calculateur C11 reçoit de l'unité U1 un signal S2 représentatif du type de profil de déplacement que doit suivre chaque lisse 3 actionnée par chaque servomoteur 6 commandé par l'un des calculateurs C2i.The calculator C 11 is also linked to a unit U 1 in which the references of the desired armor are stored. Depending on the armor to be produced, the computer C 11 receives from the unit U 1 a signal S 2 representative of the type of movement profile that must follow each rail 3 actuated by each servomotor 6 controlled by one of the computers C 2i .

II est ici fait application de l'enseignement technique de FR-A-2 865 741 , étant entendu que d'autres approches peuvent être utilisées pour commander individuellement les servo-moteurs 6.Here, the technical education of FR-A-2,865,741 , it being understood that other approaches can be used to control servo motors 6 individually.

Une lance flexible 11 est prévue pour introduire un fil de trame 2 dans une foule F1 définie entre deux nappes de fil de chaîne 1. Le fil de trame 2 provient d'un dispositif d'alimentation 21, alors que la lance 11 est commandée dans son déplacement grâce à une roue dentée 12. D'autres moyens d'entraînement de la lance 11 vers la foule F1 ou d'extraction de la lance par rapport à cette foule peuvent être prévus. La lance 11 est équipée d'une griffe 13 d'accrochage du fil de trame 2.A flexible lance 11 is provided for introducing a weft yarn 2 into a shed F 1 defined between two plies of warp yarn 1. The weft yarn 2 comes from a feeding device 21, while the spear 11 is controlled in its movement through a gear wheel 12. Other means of driving the lance 11 to the crowd F 1 or extraction of the lance relative to this crowd may be provided. The lance 11 is equipped with a claw 13 for hooking the weft thread 2.

Le métier M comprend également un dispositif 30 d'insertion de deux tringles 31 et 32 dans deux autres foules formées par les fils de chaîne 1 au-dessus de la foule F1. Les deux tringles 31 et 32 sont montées sur un support 33 entraîné parallèlement à la direction d'introduction des fils de trame dans la foule, représentée par la double flèche A2, par un vérin 34. D'autres moyens d'entraînement du support 33 parallèlement à la double flèche A2 sont envisageables.The loom M also comprises a device 30 for inserting two rods 31 and 32 in two other crowds formed by the warp yarns 1 above the shed F 1 . The two rods 31 and 32 are mounted on a support 33 driven parallel to the insertion direction of the weft son in the crowd, represented by the double arrow A 2 , by a jack 34. Other means of driving the support 33 parallel to the double arrow A 2 are possible.

La tringle 31 présente une section circulaire sur toute sa longueur. En variante, la section de la tringle 31 peut être rectangulaire sur toute sa longueur. La tringle 32 porte, à son extrémité opposée au support 33, une lame 35 de coupe des fils de chaîne 1.The rod 31 has a circular section over its entire length. Alternatively, the section of the rod 31 may be rectangular throughout its length. The rod 32 carries, at its end opposite the support 33, a blade 35 for cutting the warp threads 1.

En référence à la figure 5, on considère huit coups du métier référencés respectivement A à H, chaque coup s'étendant sur une rotation de 360° de l'arbre 10. On prend arbitrairement, comme position de référence, θ = 0° de l'arbre 10, le passage entre les coups A et B.With reference to the figure 5 eight shots are considered respectively referenced A to H, each shot extending over a rotation of 360 ° of the shaft 10. It is arbitrarily taken, as a reference position, θ = 0 ° of the shaft 10, the passage between strokes A and B.

Deux fils de chaîne 11 et 12 forment la chaîne de liage du tissu en cours de fabrication et constituent avec les fils de trame 2 le fond du tissu. Trois autres fils de chaîne 13, 14 et 15 sont utilisés pour former des boucles et des poils s'étendant vers le haut à partir du fond du tissu.Two warp threads 1 1 and 1 2 form the binding chain of the fabric being manufactured and constitute with the weft son 2 the bottom of the fabric. Three other warp threads 1 3 , 1 4 and 1 5 are used to form loops and bristles extending upwardly from the bottom of the fabric.

Pendant le coup B, le fil 13 passe au-dessus des deux tringles 31 et 32, avant de passer sous le fil de trame 2 lors du coup C, puis entre les tringles 31 et 32 au coup D, avant d'être incorporé au fond du tissu à partir du coup E. Le fil 14 passe, quant à lui, entre les tringles 31 et 32 au coup B puis dans le fond du tissu entre les coups C et E, avant de passer respectivement au-dessus de la tringle 32 pendant le coup F et au dessus de la tringle 31 pendant le coup H. Le fil 15 est intégré au fond du tissu jusqu'au coup C, puis passe au-dessus de la tringle 32 lors du coup D avant d'être intégré au fond du tissu lors du coup F puis de repasser au-dessus de la tringle 32 lors du coup H.During the stroke B, the thread 1 3 passes over the two rods 31 and 32, before passing under the weft thread 2 at the stroke C, then between the rods 31 and 32 at the stroke D, before being incorporated at the bottom of the fabric from the stroke E. The wire 1 4 pass, meanwhile, between the rods 31 and 32 at the stroke B then in the bottom of the fabric between the strokes C and E, before passing respectively over the rod 32 during the stroke F and above the rod 31 during the stroke H. The wire 1 5 is integrated at the bottom of the fabric until the stroke C, then passes over the rod 32 at the shot D before being integrated in the bottom of the fabric during the stroke F and then iron over the rod 32 at the stroke H.

Bien entendu, d'autres combinaisons sont envisageables en fonction du motif à réaliser.Of course, other combinations are possible depending on the pattern to be made.

Lorsque les tringles 31 et 32 sont retirées des foules dans lesquelles elles sont engagées, les fils passant au-dessus de la tringle 32 sont coupés par la lame 35, de telle sorte qu'ils forment des poils, comme expliqué pour les poils P en référence à la figure 2. Les fils passant uniquement au-dessus des tringles 31 forment des boucles qui demeurent dans le tissu.When the rods 31 and 32 are removed from the crowds in which they are engaged, the son passing over the rod 32 are cut by the blade 35, so that they form bristles, as explained for the bristles P en reference to the figure 2 . The son passing only above the rods 31 form loops that remain in the fabric.

En pratique, le dispositif 30 comprend plusieurs supports 33 équipés de tringles 31 et 32 et commandés par un vérin ou équivalent, ce qui permet de maintenir engagées les tringles 31 et 32 entre les fils de chaîne pendant quelques coups après que la partie du tissu dans lesquelles elles sont en place a dépassé le point de frappe PF.In practice, the device 30 comprises several supports 33 equipped with rods 31 and 32 and controlled by a jack or the like, which makes it possible to keep the rods 31 and 32 engaged between the warp threads for a few strokes after the part of the fabric in which which they are in place has exceeded the point of striking P F.

Comme il ressort plus particulièrement de la figure 6, la course C des différentes lisses 3 est fonction de l'angle métier θ. On considère un plan Π dans lequel sont insérés les différents fils de trame 2 au cours des coups successifs de fonctionnement du métier. Les courbes C1, C2 représentent respectivement la position des fils 11 et 12 dans la configuration de la figure 5. Les points morts bas et haut respectifs des courbes C1 et C2 définissent la position de deux nappes N1 et N2 de fils de chaîne disposés dans le métier M en définissant entre elles la foule F1 dans laquelle sont successivement introduits des fils de trame 2. On note D1 l'amplitude de la foule F1, cette amplitude étant égale à la distance entre les nappes N1 et N2. On note par ailleurs d11 la distance entre le plan Π et la nappe N1 et d12 la distance entre le plan Π et la nappe N2. La distance d11 est inférieure à la distance d12, de sorte que le plan Π est plus proche de la nappe N1 que de la nappe N2. En d'autres termes, le profil des courbes C1 et C2 est asymétrique, ce qui permet d'adapter la forme de la partie inférieure de ces courbes, c'est-à-dire de la partie située entre le plan Π et la nappe N1, pour guider la lance 11 dans son mouvement à l'intérieur de la foule F1. Ainsi, la géométrie de la foule F1 permet d'améliorer la stabilité de la lance lors de ses mouvements selon la flèche F2.As is clear from the figure 6 the stroke C of the different smooth 3 is a function of the angle of the trade θ. Considering a plane Π in which are inserted the different weft son 2 during the successive strokes of operation of the trade. The curves C 1 , C 2 represent respectively the position of the son 1 1 and 1 2 in the configuration of the figure 5 . The respective low and high dead points of the curves C 1 and C 2 define the position of two plies N 1 and N 2 of warp yarns arranged in the loom M by defining between them the shed F 1 in which are successively introduced strands of frame 2. D 1 is the amplitude of the crowd F 1 , this amplitude being equal to the distance between the plies N 1 and N 2 . We also note 11 of the distance between the plane Π and the layer N 1 and 12 the distance between the plane Π and the layer N 2. The distance d 11 is less than the distance d 12 , so that the plane Π is closer to the ply N 1 than the ply N 2 . In other words, the profile of the curves C 1 and C 2 is asymmetrical, which makes it possible to adapt the shape of the lower part of these curves, that is to say of the portion between the plane Π and the web N 1 , to guide the lance 11 in its movement inside the crowd F 1 . Thus, the geometry of the crowd F 1 makes it possible to improve the stability of the lance during its movements along the arrow F 2 .

La répartition asymétrique des nappes N1 et N2 de part et d'autre du plan Π ne serait pas possible avec un dispositif Jacquard classique à double lève qui imposerait un profil symétrique pour les courbes C1 et C2. Ainsi, grâce à l'utilisation des servomoteurs 6, qui peuvent être programmés aisément pour obtenir les courbes C1 et C2, les mouvements des lisses peuvent être définis sans compromis pour optimiser la circulation des fils de trame 2.The asymmetrical distribution of the N 1 and N 2 plies on both sides of the Π plane would not be possible with a conventional double lift Jacquard device that would impose a symmetrical profile for the curves C 1 and C 2 . Thus, thanks to the use of the servomotors 6, which can be easily programmed to obtain the curves C 1 and C 2 , the movements of the heddles can be defined without compromise to optimize the flow of the weft yarns 2.

A la figure 6, la courbe C3 représente la position de la lisse de commande du fil 13 de la figure 5. Cette courbe permet de définir une troisième nappe N3 correspondant à la position d'un fil de chaîne lorsqu'il doit passer entre les tringles 31 et 32. La courbe C3 tangente la nappe N3 lors du coup D. On note D2 la distance entre les nappes N2 et N3.To the figure 6 , the curve C 3 represents the position of the control rod of the wire 1 3 of the figure 5 . This curve makes it possible to define a third ply N 3 corresponding to the position of a warp when it has to pass between the rods 31 and 32. The curve C 3 tangents the ply N 3 during the blow D. We note D 2 the distance between the sheets N 2 and N 3 .

La courbe C3 permet également de définir, par son point le plus haut, une nappe N4 correspondant à la position d'un fil de chaîne lorsqu'il doit passer au-dessus de la tringle 32. On note D3 la distance entre les nappes N3 et N4.The curve C 3 also makes it possible to define, by its highest point, a sheet N 4 corresponding to the position of a warp when it must pass over the rod 32. Note D 3 the distance between the layers N 3 and N 4 .

Les nappes N1 à N4 correspondent ainsi à quatre positions de l'oeillet 36 d'une lisse 3 commandé par un servomoteur 6. Ces positions, c'est-à-dire les valeurs des distances d11, d12, D2 et D3 sont aisément ajustables au moyen des calculateurs C11, C21 ... C2i.The plies N 1 to N 4 thus correspond to four positions of the eyelet 36 of a rail 3 controlled by a servomotor 6. These positions, that is to say the values of the distances d 11 , d 12 , D 2 and D 3 are easily adjustable by means of calculators C 11 , C 21 ... C 2i .

De façon avantageuse, les distances D1, D2 et D3 sont différentes en étant adaptées à la géométrie des pièces passant respectivement dans la foule F1, dans une foule F2, définie entre les nappes N2 et N3, et dans une foule F3, définie entre les nappes N3 et N4. Plus précisément, la distance D1 est déterminée en fonction de la hauteur de la griffe 13, alors que les distances D2 et D3 sont déterminées respectivement en fonction de la hauteur des tiges 31 et 32.Advantageously, the distances D 1 , D 2 and D 3 are different by being adapted to the geometry of the pieces passing respectively in the crowd F 1 , in a crowd F 2 , defined between the sheets N 2 and N 3 , and in a crowd F 3 , defined between the sheets N 3 and N 4 . More precisely, the distance D 1 is determined as a function of the height of the claw 13, while the distances D 2 and D 3 are determined respectively as a function of the height of the rods 31 and 32.

Dans ce qui précède, la notion de hauteur correspond à la dimension d'un objet prise perpendiculairement au plan Π.In what precedes, the notion of height corresponds to the dimension of an object taken perpendicular to the plane Π.

Au voisinage de son point le plus haut, c'est-à-dire à proximité de la nappe N4, la courbe C3 comprend une partie C3A qui tangente la position de la nappe N4 en formant un plateau supérieur correspondant globalement au maintien d'une hauteur de foule maximale H3 par rapport à la nappe N2 sur une plage d'angle métier centrée autour de la valeur 180°. Ceci permet de maintenir la foule F3 ouverte suffisamment longtemps pour garantir un passage sans heurt de la tringle 32.In the vicinity of its highest point, that is to say in the vicinity of the sheet N 4 , the curve C 3 comprises a portion C 3A which tangents the position of the sheet N 4 forming an upper plate generally corresponding to the maintaining a maximum shed height H 3 with respect to the sheet N 2 over a range of occupation angle centered around the value 180 °. This keeps the crowd F 3 open long enough to ensure a smooth passage of the rod 32.

De même, lorsqu'elle tangente la nappe N3, la courbe C3 présente un second plateau C3B dans lequel la hauteur de foule H2 est maintenue sensiblement constante sur une plage d'angle métier centrée autour d'un angle θ égal à 900°.Similarly, when it tangents the sheet N 3 , the curve C 3 has a second plate C 3B in which the crowd height H 2 is kept substantially constant over a range of angle centered around an angle θ equal to 900 °.

Dans la variante du procédé de l'invention représentée à la figure 7, les courbes C1, C2 sont identiques à celles représentées à la figure 6. La courbe C3 présente au voisinage de la nappe N4 une inflexion C'3A qui correspond à une diminution momentanée de l'angle d'ouverture de la foule F3, c'est-à-dire de la hauteur de foule H3. De même, une zone d'inflexion C'3B est prévue sur la courbe C3 au voisinage de la nappe N3, ce qui correspond à une diminution momentanée de l'angle d'ouverture de la foule F2, c'est-à-dire de la hauteur H2.In the variant of the process of the invention shown in figure 7 , curves C 1 , C 2 are identical to those shown in FIG. figure 6 . Curve C 3 has, in the vicinity of the sheet N 4, an inflection C ' 3A which corresponds to a momentary decrease in the opening angle of the crowd F 3 , that is to say the height of the crowd H 3 . Likewise, a zone of inflection C ' 3B is provided on the curve C 3 in the vicinity of the sheet N 3 , which corresponds to a momentary decrease in the opening angle of the crowd F 2 , that is, that is, the height H 2 .

En se reportant plus particulièrement à la figure 8, on note Φ1, Φ2 et Φ3 les angles d'ouverture des foules F1, F2 et F3. On note par ailleurs h2 la hauteur de la foule F2, prise entre la nappe N2 et un point P3 d'entrée de la nappe N3 dans un peigne 40 appartenant au métier M. De la même manière, on note h3 la hauteur de la foule F3 prise entre la nappe N2 et un point P4 d'entrée de la nappe N4 dans le peigne 40. Le peigne 40 est animé d'un mouvement de basculement représenté par la double flèche A3, ce peigne s'éloignant du point de frappe PF lorsque l'angle métier s'approche en croissant de la valeur de 180°. La position de la figure 8 correspond à un angle métier de 110°, alors que la position de la figure 9 correspond à un angle métier de 180°.With particular reference to the figure 8 , we note Φ1, Φ 2 and Φ 3 the opening angles of the crowds F 1 , F 2 and F 3 . Note also h 2 the height of the crowd F 2 , taken between the sheet N 2 and a point P 3 input of the sheet N 3 in a comb 40 belonging to the trade M. Similarly, we note h 3 the height of the crowd F 3 taken between the sheet N 2 and an entry point P 4 of the sheet N 4 in the comb 40. The comb 40 is driven by a tilting movement represented by the double arrow A 3 , this comb moving away from the point of striking P F when the angle of work approaches in increasing of the value of 180 °. The position of the figure 8 corresponds to a business angle of 110 °, whereas the position of the figure 9 corresponds to a business angle of 180 °.

La géométrie de la courbe C3 avec les zones d'inflexion C'3A et C'3B à la figure 7 induit que, lorsque l'angle métier passe de la valeur de 110° à la valeur de 180°, les angles d'ouverture Φ1 et Φ3 des foules F2 et F3 décroissent pour atteindre des valeurs Φ' 2 et Φ'3 représentées à la figure 9, alors que le peigne 40 bascule en s'éloignant du point de frappe PF et que les hauteurs h2 et h3 demeurent constantes.The geometry of the curve C 3 with the zones of inflection C ' 3A and C' 3B at the figure 7 induced that, when the angle of the trade passes from the value of 110 ° to the value of 180 °, the angles of opening Φ 1 and Φ 3 of the crowds F 2 and F 3 decreases to des ' 2 and Φ' 3 values represented at figure 9 , while the comb 40 tilts away from the strike point P F and the heights h 2 and h 3 remain constant.

Il en résulte un bon guidage des tringles 31 et 32 qui évoluent dans un espace, à savoir respectivement les parties des foules F2 et F3 comprises entre le point de frappe PF et le peigne 40, dont la hauteur h2 ou h3 ne varie pas ou varie peu au cours du temps.This results in a good guidance of the rods 31 and 32 which evolve in a space, namely respectively the parts of the crowds F 2 and F 3 between the point of striking P F and the comb 40, the height h 2 or h 3 does not vary or varies little over time.

Concrètement, une lisse 3 doit atteindre sa position de hauteur maximale, représentée pour les valeurs de 110° et 830° à la figure 7, au début de l'insertion des tringles 31 et 32. Ensuite, elle peut redescendre légèrement, ce que représentent les zones d'inflexion C'3A et C'3B, jusqu'à ce que le peigne atteigne sa position extrême arrière représentée à la figure 9. Puis, la lisse remonte jusqu'à une deuxième position haute maximale qu'elle rejoint, à une valeur d'angle métier d'environ 250° ou 970°, alors que l'insertion des tringles se termine.Specifically, a smooth 3 must reach its position of maximum height, represented for the values of 110 ° and 830 ° to the figure 7 at the beginning of the insertion of the rods 31 and 32. Then it can go down slightly, which represent the zones of inflection C ' 3A and C' 3B , until the comb reaches its extreme rear position shown in FIG. the figure 9 . Then, the arm goes up to a second maximum high position it joins, at a business angle value of about 250 ° or 970 °, while the insertion of the rods ends.

Par ailleurs, comme les fils de chaîne sont commandés individuellement par les actionneurs 6, il est possible d'attribuer des amplitudes ou des profils de mouvement différents aux lisses suivant leur position dans la largeur du tissu. Par exemple, pour favoriser l'insertion des tringles, les profils du mouvement des lisses des bords du tissu peuvent, dans le mode de réalisation à la figure 6, présenter des zones C'3 et C"3 formant plateau avec une amplitude angulaire supérieure à celle utilisée pour le reste du tissu. En d'autres termes, les zones de plateau C'3 et C"3 représentées à la figure 6 peuvent être plus larges pour les lisses proches des bords du tissu, au moins du côté d'insertion des tringles 31 et 32. Dans le cas du deuxième procédé représenté à la figure 7, c'est l'écartement entre les zones de hauteurs maximales de la courbe C3 qui peut être augmenté au voisinage de ce bord.Moreover, since the warp threads are individually controlled by the actuators 6, it is possible to assign different amplitudes or movement profiles to the stringers according to their position in the width of the fabric. For example, to promote the insertion of the rods, the profiles of the movement of the smooth edges of the fabric can, in the embodiment at the figure 6 , presenting plateau areas C ' 3 and C " 3 with an angular amplitude greater than that used for the rest of the tissue, in other words, the plateau areas C' 3 and C" 3 represented in FIG. figure 6 may be wider for the rails near the edges of the fabric, at least on the insertion side of the rods 31 and 32. In the case of the second method shown in FIG. figure 7 it is the spacing between the zones of maximum heights of the curve C 3 which can be increased in the vicinity of this edge.

L'invention a été représentée dans le cas d'un tissu qui présente, sur une rangée, des poils coupés et des boucles. La hauteur des poils est plus grande que celle des boucles. Il est toutefois possible dans le cadre de la présente invention, d'obtenir, sur une même rangée, uniquement des poils de hauteurs différentes ou uniquement des boucles de hauteurs différentes suivant que les tringles 31 et 32 sont ou non pourvues d'une lame de coupe, telle que la lame 35, à leurs extrémités respectives.The invention has been shown in the case of a fabric which has, on a row, cut hairs and loops. The height of the hairs is greater than that of the loops. However, it is possible in the context of the present invention to obtain, on the same row, only hairs of different heights or only loops of different heights. next that the rods 31 and 32 are or not provided with a cutting blade, such as the blade 35, at their respective ends.

L'invention a été représentée dans le cas où un support 33 porte deux tringles 31 et 32 et est déplacé sur un seul côté par rapport aux foules. Des résultats satisfaisants peuvent également être obtenus dans un métier où deux dispositifs de mise en place et de retrait des tringles distincts sont utilisés, par exemple placés chacun d'un côté du métier.The invention has been shown in the case where a support 33 carries two rods 31 and 32 and is moved on one side with respect to the crowds. Satisfactory results can also be obtained in a trade where two devices for setting up and removing the separate rods are used, for example each placed on one side of the craft.

Selon un aspect de l'invention qui n'est pas représenté, les actionneurs 6 du métier peuvent générer plus de quatre positions des lisses 3, c'est-à-dire plus de trois foules, ce qui permet d'envisager d'introduire trois tringles ou plus dans trois foules s'ajoutant à la foule de fond F1 du tissu. Il est alors possible d'obtenir trois hauteurs de boucles ou de poils différentes.According to one aspect of the invention which is not shown, the actuators 6 of the craft can generate more than four positions of the rails 3, that is to say more than three crowds, which makes it possible to envisage introducing three or more rods in three crowds adding to the background crowd F 1 of the fabric. It is then possible to obtain three heights of loops or different hairs.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit ci-dessus, le dispositif de formation de la foule est un Jacquard fil à fil constitué d'actionneurs 6 indépendants. Toutefois, l'invention concerne également un métier velours épinglé associé à un dispositif de formation de la foule constitué d'actionneurs indépendants connectés chacun à plusieurs lisses, au moyen de cordons s'étendant en parallèle ou par l'intermédiaire d'un cadre tel qu'on en connaît dans les métiers équipés de ratières ou de mécaniques à cames.In the exemplary embodiment described above, the shedding device is a wire-in-line Jacquard consisting of independent actuators 6. However, the invention also relates to a pinned velor loom associated with a shedding device consisting of independent actuators each connected to several smooth, by means of cords extending in parallel or through a frame such as that we know in the trades equipped with dobbies or cam mechanisms.

Claims (12)

  1. A single-web loom (M) for loop velvet fabric, the loom comprising means (11-13) for inserting weft yarns (2) in a first shed (F1) formed by warp yarns (11, 12) and being wherein it further comprises:
    electric actuators (6) under individual control (C11, C2i) and each suitable for moving at least one heddle (3) for guiding a warp yarn into one of at least four positions (N1, N2, N3, N4) defining at least three warp yarn sheds (F1, F2, F3); and
    means (33, 34) for simultaneously inserting into each of the sheds (F2, F3) other than the first shed (F1) a respective warp yarn guide rod (31, 32) for forming loops or pile.
  2. A loom according to claim 1, wherein the actuators (6) are suitable for imparting to the heddles (3) at least four positions (N1, N2, N3, N4) defining sheds (F1, F2, F3) such that the distances (D1, D2, D3) between pairs of these positions measured perpendicularly to a weft yarn insertion plane (Π) is different from the distance measured between two other ones of these positions.
  3. A loom according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the rods (32) is fitted with a blade (35) for cutting the loops that are formed around the rod.
  4. A loom according to one of the previous claims, wherein the actuators (6) are suitable for imparting at least one motion profile (C3) to some of the heddles such that the distance (h2, h3) between two webs (N3- N2, N4-N2) of warp yarns, as measured at a comb (40) of the loom (M), remains constant during insertion of the rods (31, 32).
  5. A method of weaving single-web loop velvet in which weft yarns (2) are inserted in a first shed (F1) formed by warp yarns (11, 12), wherein the method comprises steps consisting in:
    a) controlling the positions of the warp yarns (I3, 14, 15) via individually-controlled (C11, C2i) electric actuators (6), by bringing at least one warp-yarn guide heddle (3) into at least four positions (N1, N2, N3, N4) defining at least three sheds (F1, F2, F3); and
    b) inserting simultaneously, into each of the sheds F2, F3) other than the first shed (F1), a respective guide rod (31, 32) for guiding warp yarns (13, 14, 15) for forming loops or pile.
  6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the distance (D1, D2, D3) between two of the at least four positions (N1, N2, N3, N4) measured perpendicularly to an insertion plane (Π) for weft yarns (2) is different from the distance measured between two other ones of these positions.
  7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the distances (D1, D2, D3) between the positions (N1, N2, N3, N4) defining respective sheds (F1, F2, F3) into which there are inserted, on the one hand, the weft yarns (2) and, on the other hand, the rods (31, 32), are adapted, on the one hand, to the height(s) of the weft yarn insertion rapier(s) (11), and, on the other hand, to the height of each of the rods (31, 32), these heights being measured perpendicularly to the weft yarn insertion plane (Π).
  8. A method according to one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the profile (C1, C2) of the shed (F1) into which the weft yarns (2) are inserted is asymmetrical and adapted to the shape of the weft yarn insertion rapier(s) (11).
  9. A method according to one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the motion profile (C3) of some heddles (3) includes at least one top plateau (C'3, C"3) corresponding substantially to maintaining a maximum shed height (H3, H2) over a given angular range of the movement of the loom shaft (10).
  10. A method according to one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the motion profile (C3) of at least some heddles (3) is such that the distance (h2, h3) between two webs (N3-N2, N4-N2) of warp yarns, as measured at a comb (40) of the loom, remains substantially constant during rod insertion.
  11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the motion profile (C3) of at least some heddles includes a top portion presenting an inflection (C'3, C"3) inducing a momentary reduction in the shed height (H3, H2) synchronously with the passage of the comb through a portion (θ = 180°) of its stroke corresponding to a maximum spacing from the beat-up point (PF).
  12. A method according to one of claims 5 to 11, wherein the heddle motion amplitudes and/or profiles are variable as a function of the positions of the heddles (3) across the width of the fabric.
EP08356057A 2007-03-30 2008-03-28 Loom and method for weaving single cloth uncut velvet Active EP1975291B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0702336A FR2914321B1 (en) 2007-03-30 2007-03-30 WOVEN WEAVING AND METHOD OF Weaving VELVET SINGLE PINE

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CN (1) CN101275331B (en)
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NL1036870C2 (en) * 2009-04-17 2010-10-19 Ten Cate Itex B V DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING A FIBER MAT BY WEAVING.
CN105442140A (en) * 2015-11-12 2016-03-30 丹阳市春明漳绒有限公司 Automatic jacquard weave device of velvet weaving machine and special heddle assembly for automatic jacquard weave device
CN106702565B (en) * 2016-12-09 2017-12-19 江苏宋和宋智能科技有限公司 A kind of frame electronics heald jacquard attachment
CN209555469U (en) * 2017-04-28 2019-10-29 爱世伴公司 The heddle (heald) system and actuator system of loom and loom
EP3916140B1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2023-10-18 STÄUBLI BAYREUTH GmbH Rapier, method for drawing in a weft yarn with such a rapier and weaving loom comprising such a rapier

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DE553898C (en) * 1929-10-26 1932-07-01 Krefelder Teppichfabrik Akt Ge Device for the production of a rod fabric
US2141152A (en) * 1938-01-21 1938-12-20 Collins & Aikman Corp Apparatus and method for the manufacture of pile fabrics
US2477248A (en) * 1946-10-29 1949-07-26 Masland C H & Sons Process of weaving pile fabric
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CN1019212B (en) * 1987-01-08 1992-11-25 李秉仁 Warp printing double-faced plush fabric
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FR2715666B1 (en) 1994-01-28 1996-05-03 Staubli Verdol Weave mechanics capable of generating four positions of warp threads in a loom.
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FR2795434B1 (en) * 1999-06-25 2001-08-10 Staubli Sa Ets METHOD AND DEVICE FOR POSITIONING CHAIN THREADS OF A WEAVING MATERIAL AND WEAVING MATERIAL EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE
FR2808812B1 (en) * 2000-05-15 2002-07-19 Staubli Sa Ets METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING ABNORMALITY IN THE CROWD OF A JACQUARD BUSINESS
FR2865741B1 (en) * 2004-01-29 2006-03-17 Staubli Sa Ets CROWN FORMING DEVICE, WOVEN WEAVING EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE AND METHOD IMPLEMENTED WITH SUCH A DEVICE

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US20080236700A1 (en) 2008-10-02
US7721768B2 (en) 2010-05-25
EP1975291A1 (en) 2008-10-01
CN101275331B (en) 2011-08-24
CN101275331A (en) 2008-10-01
FR2914321A1 (en) 2008-10-03
FR2914321B1 (en) 2009-05-08

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