EP1967668A2 - Smoke extractor device opening by translation - Google Patents

Smoke extractor device opening by translation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1967668A2
EP1967668A2 EP08003838A EP08003838A EP1967668A2 EP 1967668 A2 EP1967668 A2 EP 1967668A2 EP 08003838 A EP08003838 A EP 08003838A EP 08003838 A EP08003838 A EP 08003838A EP 1967668 A2 EP1967668 A2 EP 1967668A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
vault
mechanisms
pulleys
sides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08003838A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1967668A3 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Alaux
Alain Carcaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcaud SA
Original Assignee
Alcaud SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcaud SA filed Critical Alcaud SA
Publication of EP1967668A2 publication Critical patent/EP1967668A2/en
Publication of EP1967668A3 publication Critical patent/EP1967668A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/03Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights
    • E04D13/035Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights characterised by having movable parts
    • E04D13/0358Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights characterised by having movable parts the parts moving, in their own plane, e.g. rolling or sliding, or moving in parallel planes with or without an additional movement, e.g. both pivoting and rolling or sliding
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/03Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights
    • E04D13/035Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights characterised by having movable parts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/50Power-operated mechanisms for wings using fluid-pressure actuators
    • E05F15/57Power-operated mechanisms for wings using fluid-pressure actuators for vertically-sliding wings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/606Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/62Synchronisation of suspension or transmission members
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/644Flexible elongated pulling elements
    • E05Y2201/654Cables
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/148Windows
    • E05Y2900/152Roof windows
    • E05Y2900/154Skylights

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the design and manufacture of smoke extraction apparatus and equipment which are generally associated with them. More specifically, it relates to smoke extraction apparatus of the sunroof member type which can be mounted in vertical translation on a fixed structure.
  • smoke extraction devices are widely used in the building industry, in particular to evacuate fumes produced during a fire. They operate by opening a flue gas duct which is normally closed by application of the opening element on a cooperating fixed frame. It is on the roof of buildings that they are found most often, at the top of stairwells or other risers in multi-family buildings, or on the terrace above industrial buildings and public buildings. This facilitates opening because the opening element is subjected to the pressure of the hot, smoke-laden air, which tends to rise. It follows that the device can function properly in smoke extraction under the simple effect of natural convection. But the invention does not exclude other situations, nor the use of fans or other means of assistance to the flow of stale air to evacuate.
  • the opening element In smoke devices of the translating roof element type, the opening element, often referred to as a "dome” or “vault", is placed under the control of lifting means which lift it vertically away from it. a receiver frame on which it rests in the closed position.
  • Particularly suitable lifting means involve two similar mechanisms acting on two opposite sides of the arch member.
  • cooperating elements, arch element and receiver frame which are of quadrangular shape, preferably with right angles between the adjacent sides, are considered. It will therefore be admitted here, for the sake of clarity, that the two opposite sides on which the lifting mechanisms act are parallel; and that they are advantageously symmetrical with respect to a median axis of the quadrangular shape.
  • the two sides in question will here be called lateral sides, or lifting sides. They are symmetrical, on either side of the median axis, or longitudinal axis.
  • any smoke extraction device must be able to open easily at any time, in complete safety, and remain available and ready to perform its duties effectively for many years.
  • any defect of stability of the element of vault during its displacements is because of vibrations which are likely to cause a blockage of the mechanisms of lifting, from where an incapacity to function correctly thereafter.
  • the invention proposes to combine lifting means for controlling the movements of the arch element relative to the fixed curb with means for stabilizing the arch element during its movements. , which all the better complement the effects of the lifting means when they are advantageously of the type with deployable mechanisms acting symmetrically on two lateral sides of the vault element to lift it away from the curb and control its return in closed position on it, as is known per se from a prior art which is illustrated, for example, by the patent document EP 0 801 183 .
  • the invention proposes to act to do this by balancing between two opposite sides of the vault element, in terms of distance traveled with respect to its receiving structure in the closed position, by using wire elements forced to describe circuits multiplying efforts.
  • stabilizing means it is possible to maintain the equality of the distances traveled by these two opposite sides of the arch element during the movements of the latter between its extreme positions, closed position at rest on the fixed receiver frame and open position. after uprising: maximum.
  • These two sides of the vault may be the two transverse sides which, in a quadrangular form, are complementary to the two lifting sides between their respective ends, but most often it will be preferable to acting in stabilization of the vault on the same lateral sides of the latter as in uprising, especially since it is advantageous for these lateral sides to be reinforced by means of stiffening which are then not necessary on the transverse sides.
  • the wire elements are constituted in particular by cables, where appropriate by two different cable sections or by two different parts of the same cable,
  • said stress reducing circuits can be formed on the same closed loop path in which there are two symmetrical parts which are respectively associated with the two balancing sides of the vault element.
  • the invention also proposes to combine control means of a different nature to, respectively, ensure the lifting by action on the lifting sides and ensure stabilization by acting on the balancing sides. It thus provides, in particular, in preferred embodiments, to act on the former by the effect of fluid pressure, in particular using lifting mechanisms with articulated elements deployable under the control of pneumatic cylinders, and to act on the second directly by mechanical equilibrium displacement means: each of the balancing sides with respect to a fixed reference level can thus benefit at best from the power advantages that it is known to appreciate pneumatic cylinders while overcoming their shortcomings thanks to the fineness of precision that can provide the balancing means constructed and operated in accordance with the present invention.
  • the stabilizing means consist essentially of a wire element, of the cord or cable type, of constant length, which is kept moving on itself on a closed loop circuit comprising two parts. symmetrical respectively associated with the two balancing sides of the vault element, each of said parts being subject to present a fixed point relative to the curb on a vertical component portion of its path.
  • the circuit imposed on the cable is preferably of the stress reduction type.
  • the invention is expressed by the fact that such a wire element is made in the form of two similar cable sections, so that the stabilization means comprise at least one cable section extending between two points.
  • fixed references located respectively on each side of the apparatus by describing multiplier circuits of effort in opposite directions, one having effect in the direction of the rise, the other in the direction of the descent of the element of vault.
  • the smoke extraction apparatus responds to various secondary characteristics, which apply separately or in combination in the same research to meet the needs of industrial practice, particularly in terms of reliability of construction. and operation of the apparatus as a whole and absence of harmful vibrations during the lift or the vault element.
  • the figures all refer to the position of the apparatus when it is mounted on a horizontal terrace constituting the roof of a building
  • the vault element is represented in the form of a dome 1 of conventional shape, around rectangular, and more particularly square, which is movable in vertical translation over a bay formed through the roof and surrounded by a curb complementing the dome.
  • the dome In the rest position, when the device is normally closed, the dome rests on the curb, in waterproof support by its four sides on the four homologous sides of the curb.
  • the two lifting mechanisms 2 and 3 control the smoke extraction device by vertical translation of the dome.1 in both directions, the opening to move away from the curb by lifting and closing to bring it to rest in a sealed position on it. For this, they each act respectively on a corresponding lateral side 4 or 5 of the dome.
  • the dome 1 covers a rectangular area, or more particularly square, and both opposite sides of the dome (4 and 5) are straight and horizontal, in a symmetrical arrangement with respect to a median axis that will be said here longitudinal. Their orientation remains horizontal during their displacement.
  • the corresponding sides of the receiving frame of the curb (not shown) are therefore also horizontal.
  • Each lifting mechanism for example the one on the left bearing the reference 2 on the figure 1 is essentially constituted by a deployable mechanism with articulated rods bearing, on the one hand on the corresponding lateral side 4 of the dome, rigidified for this purpose by an edge iron, and on the other hand on a fixed support 6 (or 7 for mechanism 3 on the right of the figure 1 ).
  • a deployable mechanism with articulated rods bearing on the one hand on the corresponding lateral side 4 of the dome, rigidified for this purpose by an edge iron, and on the other hand on a fixed support 6 (or 7 for mechanism 3 on the right of the figure 1 ).
  • a fixed support 6 or 7 for mechanism 3 on the right of the figure 1
  • the latter is part as the curb of the fixed structure of the smoke extraction apparatus. It is of course the same for the other fixed support 7, arranged symmetrically in a corresponding situation with respect to the mechanism 3 driving the opposite side 5 of the dome 1.
  • the deployable mechanism is illustrated on the figure 1 by a realization in double cross of rods articulated between them.
  • the figure 1 still shows, and there better on the left side than on the right side, a cylinder 14, which is generally embodied by a double-acting pneumatic cylinder whose piston slides vertically in the fixed piston body.
  • the mechanism 2 is deployed or retracted under the action of this jack, whose piston rod is connected to the movable casing 11 in the middle of the side, 4 of the dome; so that it drives the latter and thus controls the movements of the upper case 11 of the articulated rod mechanism relative to its fixed lower case 12.
  • a double cross similar to that of the figure 1 is combined with an articulated parallelogram, by adding two articulated rods to close the parallelogram between two parallel articulated rods respectively from each cross of the double cross.
  • This solution provides better stability in the longitudinal direction of the dome by allowing longer reach supports at both ends of the support articulated structure.
  • the dome translation control means comprise for each of its lateral sides a deployable structure of articulated rods designed for balanced motion transmission in the longitudinal direction along the corresponding lateral side of the dome.
  • the mechanism On each side of the apparatus, the mechanism then integrates longitudinal stabilization means of the dome during its movements, the effects of which are advantageously combined with those of the means according to the invention ensuring a transverse stabilization between the two lateral sides of the dome. as it will now be described.
  • the means of the stabilization device have not been represented on the figure 1 to better show the constitution of the lifting means, while the latter is in itself conventional. It will be noted, however, that we are here in a situation in which, for a dome of rectangular (and more particularly square) right-of-way, the complementary sides to the lifting sides are curved. Therefore, it is also these lifting sides that will play the role of balancing sides for transverse stabilization. Furthermore, there are provided two crosspieces 17 and 18 rigidly connecting the two sides 4 and 5 in a horizontal plane, for questions relating to the strength of the dome and the accuracy of its movement controlled by the two lifting mechanisms.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are there to represent the stabilization means that complete the lifting mechanisms in accordance with the invention. There is no representation of the deployable mechanisms and we have only symbolically illustrated the dome 1. On the other hand, it was recalled the presence of the two supports 6 and 7, which are fixed under the roof which is equipped with the smoke evacuation device described, because these two support supports of the lifting mechanisms also constitute fixed reference points for the stabilization device.
  • the means provided herein, according to the invention, for stabilizing the dome during its movements: and to prevent the parts of the smoke extraction device as a whole from suffering from vibration phenomena, comprise two symmetrical parts 8 and 9, which act respectively on the side 4 of the dome for the left part 8, visible on the left of the figures, and on the side 5 of the dome for the opposite right part 9.
  • the fixed support 7 associated with the latter was only mentioned, by dashed lines; to not hide the elements of the stabilization device. These elements are indeed behind the support 7 on this side, while the elements of the left part 8 are visible in front of the fixed support 6.
  • the stabilizing device consists essentially of a continuous cable 20, which is seen to buckle on itself by describing a closed-loop circuit following a path imposed by two sets of pulleys respectively of the two symmetrical parts 8 and 9.
  • it is provided on each side of the device to pass the cable around three pulleys, each in free rotation about its axis, but as in a hoist, the pulleys could be more numerous on each portion of circuit thus defined.
  • each set of pulleys has two upper pulleys; rotatably mounted about a longitudinal axis integral with the edge iron of the corresponding side of the dome respectively 4 on the left and 5 'on the right
  • the references 24 and 25 have been attributed to the pulleys which guide the strand 21, visible forwards in the figures, between the left part and the right part of the stabilizing device, while the homologous pulleys guiding the rear section 22 carry the references 26 and 27.
  • the force reduction circuit imposed on the cable is materialized by a third pulley, visible at 28 for the left part of the stabilization device and at 29 for the right part.
  • the distance between this lower pulley and the upper pulleys is constant, the three pulleys being mounted on the same movable support moving relative to the fixed curb at the same time as the opening of the device.
  • this distance between the two pulley levels is the same on both sides of the device.
  • each set of pulleys comprises in the upper part two pulleys in free rotation on axes which are fixed on the edge of the corresponding lateral side of the dome and an intermediate pulley on the cable path that is carried at the lower end of a support bar oriented vertically from the lateral side of the dome and secured to the latter.
  • This is how we represented on Figures 2 and 3 four uprights constituting such supports pulleys, in particular the uprights 31 and 32 visible on the right of the figures.
  • the rear amount 32 is chosen for example.
  • it is also visible on the right side of Figures 2A and 3A , it is bent at right angles to its upper end to be welded to the edge iron consolidating the dome on its corresponding lateral side. The corresponding set of pulleys is thus secured to the opening.
  • the cable In operation, the cable never travels the entire circuit in a closed loop. Its movements on itself are limited to a movement back and forth of each of the two strands, one from a fixed point of its own, the other to another fixed point of its own. . In their part following the transverse direction of the dome, each one moves on itself alternately in one direction and in the other depending on whether the opening dome moves up or down
  • the cable 20 is fixedly attached to a stud 34 which is provided for this purpose on the wall of the support 6, and that on the other side, it is also fixedly attached to another stud 35, which is integral with the fixed support 7.
  • the assembly divides the cable 20 into two sections of equal lengths each extending from one to the other of the fixed points respectively following two force reduction circuits, the ascending parts and descendants are distributed in a complementary manner on each side of the moving dome.
  • the invention is in no way limited by the features which have been specified in the foregoing description.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)

Abstract

The apparatus has lifting mechanisms (2, 3) controlling displacements of a vault element (1) i.e. bulged dome, with respect to a skylight frame. Stabilization units stabilize the element in displacement, by balancing between opposed sides of the element using cables that describe effort demultiplier circuits during displacement of the element. The units have straight and horizontal lateral sides (4, 5) that are driven by deployable mechanisms i.e. articulated rod mechanisms (16) of the mechanisms (2, 3).

Description

La présente invention concerne la conception et la réalisation des appareils de désenfumage et des équipements qui leur sont généralement associés. Elle se rapporte plus précisément aux appareils de désenfumage du type à élément de toit ouvrant se montant mobile en translation verticale sur une structure fixe.The present invention relates to the design and manufacture of smoke extraction apparatus and equipment which are generally associated with them. More specifically, it relates to smoke extraction apparatus of the sunroof member type which can be mounted in vertical translation on a fixed structure.

D'une manière générale, les appareils de désenfumage sont très utilisés dans l'industrie du bâtiment, pour servir notamment à évacuer les fumées produites lors d'un incendie. Ils fonctionnent par ouverture d'un conduit d'évacuation des fumées qui est normalement fermé par application de l'élément ouvrant sur un dormant fixe coopérant. C'est en toiture des bâtiments qu'on les trouve le plus souvent, au sommet des cages d'escalier ou autres colonnes montantes dans les immeubles collectifs, ou en terrasse au-dessus des bâtiments industriels et des halls de bâtiments publics. Cela facilite l'ouverture du fait que l'élément ouvrant se trouve soumis à la pression de l'air chaud chargé de fumée, qui tend à s'élever. Il s'ensuit que l'appareil peut fonctionner correctement en désenfumage sous le simple effet de la convection naturelle. Mais l'invention n'exclut pas pour autant d'autres situations, ni le recours à des ventilateurs ou autres moyens d'assistance à la circulation de l'air vicié à évacuer.In general, smoke extraction devices are widely used in the building industry, in particular to evacuate fumes produced during a fire. They operate by opening a flue gas duct which is normally closed by application of the opening element on a cooperating fixed frame. It is on the roof of buildings that they are found most often, at the top of stairwells or other risers in multi-family buildings, or on the terrace above industrial buildings and public buildings. This facilitates opening because the opening element is subjected to the pressure of the hot, smoke-laden air, which tends to rise. It follows that the device can function properly in smoke extraction under the simple effect of natural convection. But the invention does not exclude other situations, nor the use of fans or other means of assistance to the flow of stale air to evacuate.

Dans les appareils de désenfumage du type à élément de toit s'ouvrant par translation, l'élément ouvrant, souvent appelé "dôme", ou "voûte", est placé sous la commande de moyens de levage qui le soulèvent verticalement en l'éloignant d'un cadre récepteur sur lequel il repose en position fermée. Des moyens de levage particulièrement appropriés impliquent deux mécanismes similaires qui agissent sur deux côtés opposés de l'élément de voûte. Dans la pratique industrielle courante, on considère des éléments coopérants, élément de voûte et cadre récepteur, qui sont de forme quadrangulaire, avec de préférence des angles droits entre les côtés adjacents. On admettra donc ici, pour la clarté de l'exposé, que les deux côtés opposés sur lesquels agissent les mécanismes de levage sont parallèles; et qu'ils sont avantageusement symétriques par rapport à un axe médian de la forme quadrangulaire. Les deux côtés en question seront ici appelés côtés latéraux, ou côtés de levage. Ils sont symétriques, de part et d'autre de l'axe médian, ou axe longitudinal.In smoke devices of the translating roof element type, the opening element, often referred to as a "dome" or "vault", is placed under the control of lifting means which lift it vertically away from it. a receiver frame on which it rests in the closed position. Particularly suitable lifting means involve two similar mechanisms acting on two opposite sides of the arch member. In current industrial practice, cooperating elements, arch element and receiver frame, which are of quadrangular shape, preferably with right angles between the adjacent sides, are considered. It will therefore be admitted here, for the sake of clarity, that the two opposite sides on which the lifting mechanisms act are parallel; and that they are advantageously symmetrical with respect to a median axis of the quadrangular shape. The two sides in question will here be called lateral sides, or lifting sides. They are symmetrical, on either side of the median axis, or longitudinal axis.

D'une manière générale, la conception des moyens de levage utilisés pour soulever l'élément de voûte hors de son cadre récepteur coopérant et pour le laisser retomber dessus pose de sérieuses difficultés, que la présente invention vise à résoudre mieux qu'il n'a été fait dans les différents systèmes qui ont pu être proposés à ce jour.In general, the design of the lifting means used to lift the arch member out of its cooperating receiving frame and to let it fall over poses serious difficulties, that the present invention aims to solve better than it does. has been done in the different systems that have been proposed to date.

En particulier, tout appareil de désenfumage doit pouvoir s'ouvrir aisément à tout instant, en toute sécurité, et rester disponible et prêt à remplir efficacement son office pendant de longues années. Or tout défaut de stabilité de l'élément de voûte pendant ses déplacements est cause de vibrations qui risquent fort de provoquer un blocage des mécanismes de levage, d'où une incapacité de fonctionner correctement par la suite. De plus, il est difficile d'assurer que l'élément de voûte revienne exactement dans sa position de repos sur le cadre récepteur, et la moindre erreur de positionnement dans la manoeuvre empêche son retour en situation de fermeture étanche de l'appareil en dehors des périodes de fonctionnement en désenfumage. A supposer même que l'on puisse parfois tolérer ce handicap pour des appareils de désenfumage à usage unique se déclenchant uniquement en cas d'incendie et pour une ouverture complète, le problème devient des plus sensible quand on souhaite aussi pouvoir utiliser l'appareil de manière répétitive en aération, d'autant qu'en plus on l'utilise alors en général dans une position intermédiaire d'ouverture.In particular, any smoke extraction device must be able to open easily at any time, in complete safety, and remain available and ready to perform its duties effectively for many years. However any defect of stability of the element of vault during its displacements is because of vibrations which are likely to cause a blockage of the mechanisms of lifting, from where an incapacity to function correctly thereafter. In addition, it is difficult to ensure that the vault element returns exactly in its rest position on the receiving frame, and the slightest positioning error in the maneuver prevents its return to the closed position of the device outside operating periods in smoke extraction. Even assuming that this handicap can sometimes be tolerated for single-use smoke extraction devices that are triggered only in case of fire and for a complete opening, the problem becomes more acute when it is also desired to be able to use the repetitively in aeration, especially since it is then generally used in an intermediate position of opening.

Pour satisfaire aux impératifs de la pratique industrielle, l'invention propose de combiner des moyens de levage pour la commande des déplacements de l'élément de voûte par rapport à la costière fixe avec des moyens de stabilisation de l'élément de voûte pendant ses déplacements, qui viennent d'autant mieux compléter les effets des moyens de levage lorsque ceux-ci, de manière avantageuse, sont du type à mécanismes déployables agissant symétriquement sur deux côtés latéraux de l'élément de voûte pour le soulever en l'éloignant de la costière et contrôler son retour en position fermée sur- celle-ci, comme il est connu en soi d'un art antérieur qui est illustré, par exemple, par le document de brevet EP 0 801 183 .To meet the requirements of industrial practice, the invention proposes to combine lifting means for controlling the movements of the arch element relative to the fixed curb with means for stabilizing the arch element during its movements. , which all the better complement the effects of the lifting means when they are advantageously of the type with deployable mechanisms acting symmetrically on two lateral sides of the vault element to lift it away from the curb and control its return in closed position on it, as is known per se from a prior art which is illustrated, for example, by the patent document EP 0 801 183 .

L'invention propose d'agir pour ce faire par équilibrage entre deux côtés opposés de l'élément de voûte, en termes de distance parcourue par rapport à sa structure réceptrice en position fermée, en ayant recours à des éléments filaires obligés à décrire des circuits démultiplicateurs d'efforts. Par de tels moyens de stabilisation on peut maintenir l'égalité des distances parcourues par ces deux côtés opposés de l'élément de voûte au cours des déplacements de ce dernier entre ses positions extrêmes, position fermée au repos sur le cadre récepteur fixe et position ouverte après soulèvement: au maximum. Ces deux côtés de la voûte, que l'on dira ici d'équilibrage, peuvent être les deux côtés transversaux qui, dans une forme quadrangulaire, sont complémentaires des deux côtés de soulèvement entre leurs extrémités respectives, mais le plus souvent il apparaîtra préférable d'agir en stabilisation de la voûte sur les mêmes côtés latéraux de celle-ci qu'en soulèvement, dans la mesure notamment où l'on a intérêt à ce que ces côtés latéraux soient renforcés par des moyens de raidissement qui ne sont alors pas nécessaires sur les côtés transversaux.The invention proposes to act to do this by balancing between two opposite sides of the vault element, in terms of distance traveled with respect to its receiving structure in the closed position, by using wire elements forced to describe circuits multiplying efforts. By such stabilizing means it is possible to maintain the equality of the distances traveled by these two opposite sides of the arch element during the movements of the latter between its extreme positions, closed position at rest on the fixed receiver frame and open position. after uprising: maximum. These two sides of the vault, which will be described here as balancing, may be the two transverse sides which, in a quadrangular form, are complementary to the two lifting sides between their respective ends, but most often it will be preferable to acting in stabilization of the vault on the same lateral sides of the latter as in uprising, especially since it is advantageous for these lateral sides to be reinforced by means of stiffening which are then not necessary on the transverse sides.

D'une manière générale, les éléments filaires sont constitués en particulier par des câbles, le cas échéant par deux tronçons de câbles différents ou par deux parties différentes d'un même câble,In general, the wire elements are constituted in particular by cables, where appropriate by two different cable sections or by two different parts of the same cable,

De manière similaire, les dits circuits démultiplicateurs d'efforts peuvent être ménagés sur un même trajet en boucle fermée dans lequel on distingue deux parties symétriques qui sont associées respectivement aux deux côtés d'équilibrage de l'élément de voûte.Similarly, said stress reducing circuits can be formed on the same closed loop path in which there are two symmetrical parts which are respectively associated with the two balancing sides of the vault element.

Dans le même souci d'amélioration des conditions de fonctionnement des appareils de désenfumage s'ouvrant par translation de l'élément de voûte, l'invention: propose encore de combiner des moyens de commande de nature différente pour, respectivement, assurer le soulèvement par action sur les côtés de levage et assurer la stabilisation par action sur les côtés d'équilibrage. C'est ainsi qu'elle prévoit en particulier, dans des formes de mise en oeuvre préférées, d'agir sur les premiers par effet de pression fluidique, en utilisant notamment des mécanismes de levage à éléments articulés déployables sous commande de vérins pneumatiques, et d'agir sur les seconds directement par des moyens mécaniques d'équitibrage des déplacements: de chacun des côtés d'équilibrage par rapport à un niveau de référence fixe On peut ainsi bénéficier au mieux des avantages de puissance que l'on sait apprécier des vérins pneumatiques tout en palliant à leurs insuffisances grâce à la finesse de précision que peuvent apporter les moyens d'équilibrage construits et exploités en conformité avec la présente invention.In the same concern to improve the operating conditions of the smoke evacuation devices opening by translation of the arch element, the invention also proposes to combine control means of a different nature to, respectively, ensure the lifting by action on the lifting sides and ensure stabilization by acting on the balancing sides. It thus provides, in particular, in preferred embodiments, to act on the former by the effect of fluid pressure, in particular using lifting mechanisms with articulated elements deployable under the control of pneumatic cylinders, and to act on the second directly by mechanical equilibrium displacement means: each of the balancing sides with respect to a fixed reference level can thus benefit at best from the power advantages that it is known to appreciate pneumatic cylinders while overcoming their shortcomings thanks to the fineness of precision that can provide the balancing means constructed and operated in accordance with the present invention.

Suivant des caractéristiques secondaires de l'invention, les moyens de stabilisation sont essentiellement constitués par un élément filaire, du type cordon ou câble, de longueur constante, qui est maintenu à se déplacer sur lui-même sur un circuit en boucle fermée comportant deux parties symétriques associées respectivement aux deux côtés d'équilibrage de l'élément de voûte, chacune desdites parties étant assujettie à présenter un point fixe par rapport à la costière sur une portion à composante verticale de son trajet. Sur chacune de ces portions, le circuit imposé au câble est de préférence de type démultiplicateur d'effort. En variante, l'invention s'exprime par le fait qu'un tel élément filaire est réalisé sous la forme de deux tronçons de câble similaires, de sorte que les moyens de stabilisation comportent au moins un tronçon de câble s'étendant entre deux points de référence fixes situés respectivement sur chacun des côtés de l'appareil en décrivant des circuits démultiplicateurs d'effort de sens opposés, l'un ayant effet dans le sens de la montée, l'autre dans le sens de la descente de l'élément de voûte.According to secondary features of the invention, the stabilizing means consist essentially of a wire element, of the cord or cable type, of constant length, which is kept moving on itself on a closed loop circuit comprising two parts. symmetrical respectively associated with the two balancing sides of the vault element, each of said parts being subject to present a fixed point relative to the curb on a vertical component portion of its path. On each of these portions, the circuit imposed on the cable is preferably of the stress reduction type. As a variant, the invention is expressed by the fact that such a wire element is made in the form of two similar cable sections, so that the stabilization means comprise at least one cable section extending between two points. fixed references located respectively on each side of the apparatus by describing multiplier circuits of effort in opposite directions, one having effect in the direction of the rise, the other in the direction of the descent of the element of vault.

Dans ses modes de réalisation préférés, l'appareil de désenfumage suivant l'invention répond à diverses caractéristiques secondaires, qui s'appliquent séparément ou en combinaison dans la même recherche de satisfaire aux besoins de la pratique industrielle, notamment en termes de fiabilité de construction et de fonctionnement de l'appareil dans son ensemble et d'absence de vibrations nocives pendant la levée ou l'élément de voûte.In its preferred embodiments, the smoke extraction apparatus according to the invention responds to various secondary characteristics, which apply separately or in combination in the same research to meet the needs of industrial practice, particularly in terms of reliability of construction. and operation of the apparatus as a whole and absence of harmful vibrations during the lift or the vault element.

Ces caractéristiques ressortiront des explications qui suivent et de la description détaillée d'un appareil suivant l'invention, tel qu'il est illustré par les figures ci-après, concernant un mode de réalisation qui est particulièrement avantageux pour bien des cas d'application, bien que non limitatif'de la mise en oeuvre de l'invention.These characteristics will emerge from the explanations which follow and from the detailed description of an apparatus according to the invention, as illustrated by the figures below, relating to an embodiment which is particularly advantageous for many application cases. although not limiting of the implementation of the invention.

Dans ces figures :

  • La figure 1 illustre schématiquement la constitution de l'appareil choisi pour illustrer l'invention, dans une vue en perspective se limitant aux moyens de commande de la translation de l'élément de coûte;
  • La figure 2 montre plus particulièrement le circuit du câble qui assure la fonction de stabilisation de l'élément de voûte, en supposant que l'appareil est en cours d'ouverture au départ de sa position fermée, l'élément de voûte s'élevant alors comme illustré par la flèche M ;
  • La figure 2A se réfère à la même position fermée que la figure 2 mais elle représente une simple vue de face de l'appareil ;
  • La "figure 3 est une vue en perspective comme la figure 2, mais dans la situation inverse où le dôme quitte sa position ouverte pour revenir vers la position fermée, en s'abaissant verticalement comme illustré par la flèche D ;
  • La figure 3A est l'homologue de la figure 2A, dans une vue de face de l'appareil supposé en position fermée.
In these figures:
  • The figure 1 schematically illustrates the constitution of the apparatus chosen to illustrate the invention, in a perspective view limited to the control means of the translation of the cost element;
  • The figure 2 shows more particularly the cable circuit which provides the stabilization function of the vault element, assuming that the apparatus is being opened from its closed position, the vault element then rising as illustrated by the arrow M;
  • The Figure 2A refers to the same closed position as the figure 2 but it represents a simple front view of the device;
  • The " figure 3 is a perspective view like the figure 2 , but in the opposite situation where the dome leaves its open position to return to the closed position, lowering vertically as illustrated by the arrow D;
  • The figure 3A is the counterpart of the Figure 2A , in a front view of the apparatus assumed in the closed position.

Les figures se réfèrent toutes à la position qu'a l'appareil quand il est monté sur une terrasse horizontale constituant le toit d'un bâtiment L'élément de voûte est représenté sous la forme d'un dôme 1 de forme classique, à pourtour rectangulaire, et plus particulièrement carré, qui est mobile en translation verticale au-dessus d'une baie ménagée à travers le toit et entourée d'une costière complémentaire du dôme. En position de repos, quand l'appareil est normalement fermé, le dôme repose sur la costière, en appui étanche par ses quatre côtés sur les quatre côtés homologues de la costière.The figures all refer to the position of the apparatus when it is mounted on a horizontal terrace constituting the roof of a building The vault element is represented in the form of a dome 1 of conventional shape, around rectangular, and more particularly square, which is movable in vertical translation over a bay formed through the roof and surrounded by a curb complementing the dome. In the rest position, when the device is normally closed, the dome rests on the curb, in waterproof support by its four sides on the four homologous sides of the curb.

On n'a pas représenté sur les figures le toit sur lequel se monte l'appareil de désenfumage, ni le cadre récepteur fixe constituant la costière sur laquelle l'élément ouvrant repose quand il est en position fermée. On a, par contre, clairement: représenté cet ouvrant, réalisé sous la forme du dôme bombé 1, ainsi que soit les deux mécanismes de levage qui lui sont associés sur la figure 1, soit l'ensemble de stabilisation qui les complète sur les:figures 2 et 3.There is not shown in the figures the roof on which the smoke extraction apparatus is mounted, nor the fixed receiver frame constituting the curb on which the opening element rests when it is in the closed position. On the other hand, it is clearly represented: this opening, made in the form of the domed dome 1, as well as the two lifting mechanisms associated with it on the figure 1 , the stabilization set that completes them on: Figures 2 and 3 .

Les deux mécanismes de levage 2 et 3, commandent l'appareil de désenfumage par translation vertical du dôme.1 dans les deux sens, à l'ouverture pour l'éloigner de la costière en le soulevant et à la fermeture pour le ramener au repos en situation étanche sur elle. Pour cela, ils agissent chacun respectivement sur un côté latéral correspondant 4 ou 5 du dôme.The two lifting mechanisms 2 and 3 control the smoke extraction device by vertical translation of the dome.1 in both directions, the opening to move away from the curb by lifting and closing to bring it to rest in a sealed position on it. For this, they each act respectively on a corresponding lateral side 4 or 5 of the dome.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'appareil de l'invention, qui est à la fois le plus simple et le plus Courant pour un fonctionnement en translation verticale, le dôme 1 couvre une aire rectangulaire, ou plus particulièrement carrée, et les deux côtés latéraux opposés du dôme (4 et 5) sont droits et horizontaux, dans une disposition symétrique par rapport à un axe médian que l'on dira ici longitudinal. Leur orientation reste horizontale pendant leur déplacement. Les côtés correspondants du cadre récepteur de la costière (non représentés) sont donc également horizontaux.In a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the invention, which is both the simplest and the most current for operation in vertical translation, the dome 1 covers a rectangular area, or more particularly square, and both opposite sides of the dome (4 and 5) are straight and horizontal, in a symmetrical arrangement with respect to a median axis that will be said here longitudinal. Their orientation remains horizontal during their displacement. The corresponding sides of the receiving frame of the curb (not shown) are therefore also horizontal.

Chaque mécanisme de levage, par exemple celui de gauche portant la référence 2 sur la figure 1, est essentiellement constitué par un mécanisme déployable à tiges articulées prenant appui, d'une part sur le côté latéral correspondant 4 du dôme, rigidifié à cet effet par un fer d'arête, et d'autre part sur un support fixe 6 (ou 7 pour le mécanisme 3 sur la droite de la figure 1). A chaque extrémité du mécanisme 2, on observe sur la figure 1 des demi-coffres de rangement opposés, respectivement 11 sur l'arête du dôme et 12 sur le support 6. Ce dernier fait partie comme la costière de la structure fixe de l'appareil de désenfumage. Il en est bien entendu de même pour l'autre support fixe 7, disposé symétriquement en situation correspondante par rapport au mécanisme 3 entraînant le côté opposé 5 du dôme 1.Each lifting mechanism, for example the one on the left bearing the reference 2 on the figure 1 is essentially constituted by a deployable mechanism with articulated rods bearing, on the one hand on the corresponding lateral side 4 of the dome, rigidified for this purpose by an edge iron, and on the other hand on a fixed support 6 (or 7 for mechanism 3 on the right of the figure 1 ). At each end of the mechanism 2, we observe on the figure 1 opposite storage half-boxes, respectively 11 on the edge of the dome and 12 on the support 6. The latter is part as the curb of the fixed structure of the smoke extraction apparatus. It is of course the same for the other fixed support 7, arranged symmetrically in a corresponding situation with respect to the mechanism 3 driving the opposite side 5 of the dome 1.

Entre les deux demi-coffres dans lesquels il se range en position de repos, l'appareil étant fermé, le mécanisme déployable est illustré sur la figure 1 par une réalisation en double croisillon de tiges articulées entre elles.Between the two half-boxes in which it is stored in the rest position, the apparatus being closed, the deployable mechanism is illustrated on the figure 1 by a realization in double cross of rods articulated between them.

La figure 1 montre encore, et là mieux sur le côté gauche que sur le côté droit, un vérin 14, qui se concrétise en général par un vérin pneumatique à double effet dont le piston coulisse-verticalement dans le corps de piston fixe. Le mécanisme 2 se déploie ou se rétracte sous l'action de ce vérin, dont la tige de piston est liée au coffre mobile 11 au milieu du côté, 4 du dôme; de sorte qu'elle entraîne ce dernier et commande ainsi les déplacements du coffre supérieur 11 du mécanisme à tiges articulées par rapport à son coffre inférieur fixe 12.The figure 1 still shows, and there better on the left side than on the right side, a cylinder 14, which is generally embodied by a double-acting pneumatic cylinder whose piston slides vertically in the fixed piston body. The mechanism 2 is deployed or retracted under the action of this jack, whose piston rod is connected to the movable casing 11 in the middle of the side, 4 of the dome; so that it drives the latter and thus controls the movements of the upper case 11 of the articulated rod mechanism relative to its fixed lower case 12.

Dans une forme de réalisation plus élaborée de l'appareil suivant l'invention, qui n'a pas été illustrée par une figure spécifique, un double croisillon similaire à celui de la figure 1 est combiné à un parallélogramme articulé, par ajout de deux tiges articulées pour fermer le parallélogramme entre deux tiges articulées parallèles relevant respectivement de chacune des croix du double croisillon. Cette solution procure une meilleure stabilité dans la direction longitudinale du dôme en permettant des appuis de plus longue portée aux deux extrémités d'appui de la structure articulée. En d'autres termes, les moyens de commande de la translation du dôme comportent pour chacun de ses côtés latéraux une structure déployable de tiges articulées conçue pour une transmission de mouvement équilibrée dans la direction longitudinale le long du côté latéral correspondant du dôme. De chaque côté de l'appareil, le mécanisme intègre alors des moyens de stabilisation longitudinale du dôme au cours de ses déplacements, dont les effets se conjuguent avantageusement avec ceux des moyens suivant l'invention assurant une stabilisation transversale entre les deux côtés latéraux du dôme comme il sera maintenant décrit.In a more elaborate embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, which has not been illustrated by a specific figure, a double cross similar to that of the figure 1 is combined with an articulated parallelogram, by adding two articulated rods to close the parallelogram between two parallel articulated rods respectively from each cross of the double cross. This solution provides better stability in the longitudinal direction of the dome by allowing longer reach supports at both ends of the support articulated structure. In other words, the dome translation control means comprise for each of its lateral sides a deployable structure of articulated rods designed for balanced motion transmission in the longitudinal direction along the corresponding lateral side of the dome. On each side of the apparatus, the mechanism then integrates longitudinal stabilization means of the dome during its movements, the effects of which are advantageously combined with those of the means according to the invention ensuring a transverse stabilization between the two lateral sides of the dome. as it will now be described.

Les moyens du dispositif de stabilisation n'ont pas été représentés sur la figure 1 afin de mieux faire apparaître la constitution des moyens de levage, alors que celle-ci est en soi classique. On notera toutefois que l'on se place ici dans une situation dans laquelle, pour un dôme d'emprise rectangulaire (et plus particulièrement carrée) les côtés complémentaires aux côtés de levage sont courbes. De ce fait, c'est aussi ces côtés de levage qui joueront le rôle des côtés d'équilibrage pour la stabilisation transversale. Par ailleurs, on a prévu deux traverses 17 et 18 reliant rigidement les deux côtés 4 et 5 dans un plan horizontal, pour des questions touchant à la solidité du dôme ainsi qu'à la précision de son déplacement commandé par les deux mécanismes de levage.The means of the stabilization device have not been represented on the figure 1 to better show the constitution of the lifting means, while the latter is in itself conventional. It will be noted, however, that we are here in a situation in which, for a dome of rectangular (and more particularly square) right-of-way, the complementary sides to the lifting sides are curved. Therefore, it is also these lifting sides that will play the role of balancing sides for transverse stabilization. Furthermore, there are provided two crosspieces 17 and 18 rigidly connecting the two sides 4 and 5 in a horizontal plane, for questions relating to the strength of the dome and the accuracy of its movement controlled by the two lifting mechanisms.

Les figures. 2 et 3 sont là pour représenter les moyens de stabilisation qui viennent compléter les mécanismes de levage en conformité avec l'invention. On n'y a pas repris la représentation des mécanismes déployables et l'on n'a que symboliquement illustré le dôme 1. Par contre, on a rappelé la présence des deux supports 6 et 7, qui sont fixes sous le toit dont est équipé l'appareil de désenfumage décrit, car ces deux supports d'appui des mécanismes de levage constituent également des points de référence fixes pour le dispositif de stabilisation.The FIGS. 2 and 3 are there to represent the stabilization means that complete the lifting mechanisms in accordance with the invention. There is no representation of the deployable mechanisms and we have only symbolically illustrated the dome 1. On the other hand, it was recalled the presence of the two supports 6 and 7, which are fixed under the roof which is equipped with the smoke evacuation device described, because these two support supports of the lifting mechanisms also constitute fixed reference points for the stabilization device.

Les moyens prévus ici, suivant l'invention, pour stabiliser le dôme au cours de ses déplacements: et éviter que les pièces du dispositif de désenfumage dans son ensemble viennent à souffrir de phénomènes vibratoires, comportent deux parties symétriques 8 et 9, qui agissent respectivement sur le côté 4 du dôme pour la partie gauche 8, visible sur la gauche des figures, et sur le côté 5 du dôme pour la partie droite 9 opposée. Le support fixe 7 associé à cette dernière a été seulement évoqué, par des lignes en trait mixte; pour ne pas cacher les éléments du dispositif de stabilisation. Ces éléments se situent en effet derrière le support 7 de ce côté, alors que les éléments de la partie gauche 8 sont visibles devant le support fixe 6.The means provided herein, according to the invention, for stabilizing the dome during its movements: and to prevent the parts of the smoke extraction device as a whole from suffering from vibration phenomena, comprise two symmetrical parts 8 and 9, which act respectively on the side 4 of the dome for the left part 8, visible on the left of the figures, and on the side 5 of the dome for the opposite right part 9. The fixed support 7 associated with the latter was only mentioned, by dashed lines; to not hide the elements of the stabilization device. These elements are indeed behind the support 7 on this side, while the elements of the left part 8 are visible in front of the fixed support 6.

Tel qu'il est illustré sur lés figures 2 et 2A dans la position fermée de l'appareil de désenfumage et sur les figures 3 et 3A pour le dôme soulevé en position ouverte, le dispositif de stabilisation est essentiellement constitué par un câble continu 20, que l'on voit se boucler sur lui-même en décrivant un circuit en boucle fermée suivant un trajet imposé par deux jeux de poulies relevant respectivement des deux parties symétriques 8 et 9. Dans le cas d'exemple choisi pour illustrer au mieux la mise en oeuvre pratique de l'invention, il est prévu de chaque côté de l'appareil de faire passer le câble autour de trois poulies, chacune en rotation libre autour de son axe, mais comme dans un palan, les poulies pourraient être plus nombreuses sur chaque portion de circuit ainsi définie.As illustrated on figures 2 and 2A in the closed position of the smoke extractor and on the figures 3 and 3A for the raised dome in the open position, the stabilizing device consists essentially of a continuous cable 20, which is seen to buckle on itself by describing a closed-loop circuit following a path imposed by two sets of pulleys respectively of the two symmetrical parts 8 and 9. In the case of example chosen to best illustrate the practical implementation of the invention, it is provided on each side of the device to pass the cable around three pulleys, each in free rotation about its axis, but as in a hoist, the pulleys could be more numerous on each portion of circuit thus defined.

Entre les deux parties symétriques 8 et 9, le câble 20 passe horizontalement de l'un à l'autre des deux ensembles de poulies suivant deux brins parcourant le circuit en sens opposés, en passant à l'abri entre les deux traverses 1 T et 18 (figure 1). Pour recevoir les deux brins du câble de chaque côté du dôme, chaque jeu de poulies: comporte deux poulies supérieures; montées rotatives autour d'un axe longitudinal solidaire du fer d'arête du côté correspondant du dôme respectivement 4 à gauche et 5' à droite Les références 24 et 25 ont été attribuées aux poulies qui guident le brin 21, visible en avant sur les figures, entre la partie gauche et la partie droite du dispositif de stabilisation, tandis que les poulies homologues assurant le guidage du brin arrière 22 portent les références 26 et 27.Between the two symmetrical parts 8 and 9, the cable 20 passes horizontally from one to the other of the two sets of pulleys along two strands traversing the circuit in opposite directions, passing to the shelter between the two ties 1 T and 18 ( figure 1 ). To receive the two strands of the cable on each side of the dome, each set of pulleys: has two upper pulleys; rotatably mounted about a longitudinal axis integral with the edge iron of the corresponding side of the dome respectively 4 on the left and 5 'on the right The references 24 and 25 have been attributed to the pulleys which guide the strand 21, visible forwards in the figures, between the left part and the right part of the stabilizing device, while the homologous pulleys guiding the rear section 22 carry the references 26 and 27.

Dans chaque jeu de poulies, le circuit démultiplicateur d'effort imposé au câble est matérialisé par une troisième poulie, visible en 28 pour la partie gauche du dispositif de stabilisation et en 29 pour la partie droite. Dans chaque ensemble, la distance entre cette poulie inférieure et les poulies supérieures est constante, les trois poulies étant montées sur un même support mobile se déplaçant par rapport à la costière fixe en même temps que l'ouvrant du dispositif. De plus, cette distance entre les deux niveaux des poulies est la même des deux côtés du dispositif.In each set of pulleys, the force reduction circuit imposed on the cable is materialized by a third pulley, visible at 28 for the left part of the stabilization device and at 29 for the right part. In each set, the distance between this lower pulley and the upper pulleys is constant, the three pulleys being mounted on the same movable support moving relative to the fixed curb at the same time as the opening of the device. In addition, this distance between the two pulley levels is the same on both sides of the device.

En d'autres termes chaque ensemble de poulies, tel que le représentent les figures, comporte en partie haute deux poulies en rotation libre sur des axes qui sont fixes sur le fer d'arête du côté latéral correspondant du dôme et une poulie intermédiaire sur le trajet du câble qui est portée à l'extrémité inférieure d'une barre support orientée verticalement à partir du côté latéral du dôme et solidaire de ce dernier. C'est ainsi que l'on a représenté sur les figures 2 et 3 quatre montants verticaux constituant de tels supports des poulies, en particulier les montants 31 et 32 visibles sur la droite des figures. Parmi eux, le montant arrière 32 est choisi pour exemple. Tel qu'il est visible aussi sur la partie droite des figures 2A et 3A, il est coudé à angle droit à son extrémité supérieure pou être soudé sur le fer d'arête consolidant le dôme sur son côté latéral correspondant. Le jeu de poulies correspondant est ainsi rendu solidaire de l'ouvrant.In other words each set of pulleys, as shown in the figures, comprises in the upper part two pulleys in free rotation on axes which are fixed on the edge of the corresponding lateral side of the dome and an intermediate pulley on the cable path that is carried at the lower end of a support bar oriented vertically from the lateral side of the dome and secured to the latter. This is how we represented on Figures 2 and 3 four uprights constituting such supports pulleys, in particular the uprights 31 and 32 visible on the right of the figures. Among them, the rear amount 32 is chosen for example. As it is also visible on the right side of Figures 2A and 3A , it is bent at right angles to its upper end to be welded to the edge iron consolidating the dome on its corresponding lateral side. The corresponding set of pulleys is thus secured to the opening.

En fonctionnement, le câble ne parcourt jamais la totalité du circuit en boucle fermée. Ses déplacements sur lui-même se limitent à un mouvement en va-et-vient de chacun des deux brins, l'un à partir d'un point fixe qui lui est propre, l'autre vers un autre point fixe qui lui est propre. Dans leur partie suivant la direction transversale du dôme, chacun se déplace sur lui-même en alternance dans un sens et dans l'autre suivant que le dôme ouvrant se déplace vers le haut ou vers le basIn operation, the cable never travels the entire circuit in a closed loop. Its movements on itself are limited to a movement back and forth of each of the two strands, one from a fixed point of its own, the other to another fixed point of its own. . In their part following the transverse direction of the dome, each one moves on itself alternately in one direction and in the other depending on whether the opening dome moves up or down

On voit plus précisément sur les figures que sur son trajet entre le couple supérieur de poulies et la poulie-intermédiatre inférieure; le câble 20 est attaché fixe sur un piton 34 qui est prévu à cet effet sur la paroi du support 6, et que de l'autre côté, il est aussi attaché fixe sur un autre piton 35, qui lui est solidaire du support fixe 7. Par la symétrie de la disposition, le montage divise le câble 20 en deux tronçons d'égales longueurs s'étendant chacun de l'un: à l'autre des points fixes en suivant respectivement deux circuits démultiplicateurs d'effort dont les parties ascendantes et descendantes se répartissent de façon complémentaire de chaque côté du dôme en déplacement.It is more precisely seen in the figures as in its path between the upper pair of pulleys and the lower intermediate pulley; the cable 20 is fixedly attached to a stud 34 which is provided for this purpose on the wall of the support 6, and that on the other side, it is also fixedly attached to another stud 35, which is integral with the fixed support 7. By the symmetry of the arrangement, the assembly divides the cable 20 into two sections of equal lengths each extending from one to the other of the fixed points respectively following two force reduction circuits, the ascending parts and descendants are distributed in a complementary manner on each side of the moving dome.

Il s'ensuit en fonctionnement un effet d'équilibrage des efforts s'exerçant de chaque côté du dôme qui est en quelque sorte double, puisque chaque tronçon de câble travaille en traction pour partie vers le bas (vers la poulie inférieure de son circuit) et pour partie vers le haut (vers l'une ou l'autre des poulies supérieures de son circuit). C'est ainsi que sur la figure 2, le brin arrière du câble, 22, est tiré vers le bas à partir de son point fixe sur le piton 34, et qu'ensuite, il se translate dans le sens ascendant sur la portion de circuit :allant de la poulie inférieure 28 au niveau supérieur de la poulie 25, avant de décrire une nouvelle fraction de circuit en descente jusqu'à l'autre piton d'extrémité 35. C'est ainsi aussi que, de manière similaire mais en opposition, le brin avant 21 est tiré dans le sens ascendant à partir de la poulie inférieure 29 relevant de la partie droite du dispositif de stabilisation, et qu'il tend à passer de la droite vers la gauche dans la partie: horizontale du circuit pour suivre le déplacement relatif du piton 34 qui se traduit en descente pendant que le dôme s'élève.It follows in operation a balancing effect of the forces exerted on each side of the dome which is somewhat double, since each cable section works in traction for part down (towards the lower pulley of its circuit) and partly upwards (towards one or the other of the upper pulleys of its circuit). This is how on the figure 2 the rear end of the cable, 22, is pulled down from its fixed point on the pin 34, and then it is translated in the upward direction on the circuit portion: from the lower pulley 28 to upper level of the pulley 25, before describing a new fraction of downhill circuit to the other end peak 35. It is also that, similarly but in opposition, the front strand 21 is pulled into the upward direction from the lower pulley 29 in the right part of the stabilization device, and that it tends to move from the right to the left in the horizontal part of the circuit to follow the relative displacement of the pin 34 which is translated downhill while the dome rises.

Le même mode de fonctionnement se retrouve, mais avec une circulation en sens inverse du câble sur chacune des fractions de circuit, quand le dôme s'abaisse vers sa position fermé sur la costière. Sur la figure 3 comme sur la figure 2, des flèches schématisent cette circulation du câble 20 en translation sur lui-même.The same mode of operation is found, but with a movement in the opposite direction of the cable on each of the circuit fractions, when the dome drops to its closed position on the curb. On the figure 3 as on the figure 2 arrows schematize this movement of the cable 20 in translation on itself.

Comme on l'a déjà souligné, l'invention n'est nullement limitée par les particularités qui ont été précisées dans la description qui précède. En particulier, il resterait dans le cadre de l'invention de destiner l'appareil à un autre usage que celui du désenfumage des bâtiments sur lesquels il est installé.As already pointed out, the invention is in no way limited by the features which have been specified in the foregoing description. In particular, it would remain within the scope of the invention to designate the apparatus for a purpose other than that of the smoke extraction of the buildings on which it is installed.

Claims (10)

Appareil de désenfumage du type à élément de voûte ouvrant se montant mobile en translation par rapport à une costière fixe sur laquelle il repose en position fermée, caractérisé en ce qu'en complément à des moyens de levage (2, 3) pour commander les déplacements de l'élément de voûte (1) par rapport à la costière, l'appareil comporte des moyens de stabilisation de l'élément de voûte en déplacement agissant par équilibrage entre deux côtés opposés dudit élément de voûte, au moyen de câbles décrivant des circuits démultiplicateurs d'efforts lors des déplacements de l'élément de voûte.Smoke removal device of the openable arch element type which can be moved in translation relative to a fixed curb on which it rests in the closed position, characterized in that in addition to lifting means (2, 3) for controlling the displacements of the vault element (1) with respect to the curb, the apparatus comprises means for stabilizing the moving vault element acting by balancing between two opposite sides of said vault element, by means of cables describing circuits multipliers of forces during displacements of the vault element. Appareil suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de levage comportent des mécanismes déployables agissant symétriquement sur deux côtés latéraux de l'élément de voûte pour le soulever en l'éloignant de la costière et contrôler son retour en position fermée sur celle-ci.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said lifting means comprise deployable mechanisms acting symmetrically on two lateral sides of the vault element to raise it away from the curb and to control its return in closed position on the latter. this. Appareil suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits côtés opposés sur lesquels agissent les moyens de stabilisation sont constitués par lesdits côtés latéraux (4, 5) de l'élément de voûte qui sont entraînés par les mécanismes déployables.Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that said opposite sides on which the stabilizing means act are constituted by said lateral sides (4, 5) of the vault element which are driven by the deployable mechanisms. Appareil suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdits mécanismes déployables sont des mécanismes à tiges articulées (16) conçus chacun pour une transmission de mouvement équilibrée le long du côté latéral correspondant de l'élément de voûte.Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said deployable mechanisms are articulated rod mechanisms (16) each designed for balanced motion transmission along the corresponding lateral side of the vault element. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de levage agissent sur lesdits côtés latéraux de l'élément de voûte (4; 5) par effet de pression fluidique, notamment par des mécanismes déployables: sous commande de vérins pneumatiques, tandis que lesdits moyens de stabilisation agissent par équilibrage des déplacements desdits côtés opposés par rapport à un niveau de référence fixe.Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said lifting means act on said lateral sides of the vault element (4; 5) by fluid pressure effect, in particular by deployable mechanisms: under control pneumatic cylinders, while said stabilizing means act by balancing the displacements of said opposite sides with respect to a fixed reference level. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de stabilisation comportent au moins un tronçon de câble (21, 22) s'étendant entre deux points de référence fixes situés respectivement sur chacun des côtés de l'appareil en décrivant des circuits démultiplicateurs d'effort de sens opposés, l'un ayant effet dans le sens de la montée, l'autre dans le sens de la descente de l'élément de voûte, pour un élément de voûte en déplacement par translation verticale.Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said stabilizing means comprise at least one cable section (21, 22) extending between two fixed reference points located respectively on each side of the apparatus by describing force reduction circuits of opposite directions, one having an effect in the upward direction, the other in the downward direction of the arch member, for a translationally translatable arch member vertical. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de stabilisation sont essentiellement constitués par un élément filaire, ou câble (20) de longueur constante, maintenu à se déplacer sur lui-même sur un circuit en boucle fermée comportant deux parties symétriques associées respectivement aux deux côtés opposés de l'élément de voûte, chacune desdites parties étant assujettie à présenter un point fixe (34, 35) par rapport à la costière sur une portion à composante verticale de son trajet.Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said stabilizing means are essentially constituted by a wire element, or cable (20) of constant length, maintained to move on itself on a loop circuit closed gate having two symmetrical portions respectively associated with the two opposite sides of the arch member, each of said portions being subject to present a fixed point (34, 35) with respect to the curb on a vertical component portion of its path. Appareil suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que dans chacune desdites parties symétriques, ledit câble (20) est maintenu sur un circuit démultiplicateur d'effort.An apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that in each of said symmetrical portions said cable (20) is held on a force reduction circuit. Appareil suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le circuit du câble est défini dans chacune desdites parties symétriques, par un jeu de poulies montées sur un support solidaire du côté correspondant de l'élément de voûte, comprenant deux poulies à un niveau supérieur et une poulie intermédiaire à un niveau inférieur.Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the cable circuit is defined in each of said symmetrical portions by a set of pulleys mounted on a support secured to the corresponding side of the arch member, comprising two pulleys at a higher level and an intermediate pulley at a lower level. Appareil suivant la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que ledit câble forme deux brins (21, 22) circulant en sens opposés entre des poulies supérieures des deux jeux de poulies et passant de l'un à l'autre desdites parties symétriques à l'abri de traverses (17, 18) reliant lesdits côtés opposés de l'élément de voûte.Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that said cable forms two strands (21, 22) traveling in opposite directions between upper pulleys of the two sets of pulleys and passing from one to the other of said symmetrical portions sheltered from sleepers (17, 18) connecting said opposite sides of the arch member.
EP08003838A 2007-03-07 2008-02-29 Smoke extractor device opening by translation Withdrawn EP1967668A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0701671A FR2913441B1 (en) 2007-03-07 2007-03-07 DISENGATION APPARATUS OPENING BY TRANSLATION

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EP1967668A2 true EP1967668A2 (en) 2008-09-10
EP1967668A3 EP1967668A3 (en) 2010-01-20

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108590729A (en) * 2018-03-12 2018-09-28 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 A kind of high hermetic type smoke outlet device

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EP0801183A1 (en) 1996-04-12 1997-10-15 Cronier Application Fume venting device for a long barrel-vault

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GB191114576A (en) * 1911-06-20 1911-09-14 Otto Herrmann Improvements in Roof-lights.
US2328659A (en) * 1940-06-10 1943-09-07 Safe Play Company Inc Closure
FR1286457A (en) * 1961-04-18 1962-03-02 Klaus Esser Bau Und Industrieb Transparent dome with removable window
FR2777028B1 (en) * 1998-04-06 2000-05-12 Mecanique De Poinsenot Sarl Co SMOKE EXHAUST DEVICE

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0801183A1 (en) 1996-04-12 1997-10-15 Cronier Application Fume venting device for a long barrel-vault

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108590729A (en) * 2018-03-12 2018-09-28 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 A kind of high hermetic type smoke outlet device

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EP1967668A3 (en) 2010-01-20
FR2913441B1 (en) 2010-10-08
FR2913441A1 (en) 2008-09-12

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