EP1965936B1 - Procédé de fabrication de demi-produits comportant deux alliages à base d'aluminium - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de demi-produits comportant deux alliages à base d'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1965936B1
EP1965936B1 EP06841935.7A EP06841935A EP1965936B1 EP 1965936 B1 EP1965936 B1 EP 1965936B1 EP 06841935 A EP06841935 A EP 06841935A EP 1965936 B1 EP1965936 B1 EP 1965936B1
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Prior art keywords
alloy
casting
composition
alloys
height
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1965936A1 (fr
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Philippe Lequeu
Benoît COMMET
Armelle Danielou
David Dumont
Olivier Ribaud
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Constellium Issoire SAS
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Constellium Issoire SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
    • B21C33/004—Composite billet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/02—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/065—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes starting from a specific blank, e.g. tailored blank
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
    • Y10T29/49991—Combined with rolling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12229—Intermediate article [e.g., blank, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a new manufacturing method for structural elements based on aluminum, comprising at least two different alloys, by casting a plate or billet comprising at least two spatially separate alloys, followed by one or more steps. hot transformation by rolling, spinning, or forging, and possibly one or more cold transformation steps, and intermediate and / or final heat treatments.
  • the invention is particularly useful for the manufacture of structural elements for aircraft construction.
  • Parts with variable mechanical characteristics in space are very attractive for mechanical construction. Traditionally, they are obtained by assembling two parts with different properties, but essentially homogeneous inside each part. The assembly can be carried out mechanically (for example by bolting or riveting), by gluing or by an appropriate welding technique. It is thus possible to obtain bi-functional or multifunctional parts or structural elements.
  • This bifunctionalization or multifunctionalisation can relate to the shape of the assembled parts (which is not the meaning which we use here for these two terms) or can be related to their mechanical properties, in particular when one assembles two parts in different alloys .
  • transition joints are used in shipbuilding (see C.
  • the steel side has the function of serving as a base for fixing other steel parts, while the aluminum side serves as a base for fixing other aluminum parts.
  • These transition joints are therefore bi-functional structural elements which avoid galvanic corrosion which would inevitably settle in a humid environment between two dissimilar metals assembled in the traditional way.
  • plated sheets have long been used, comprising a core protected on at least one side by a coating of an alloy more resistant to corrosion and / or more easily fusible, which serves either to protect the core against corrosion, or to allow its easy welding on another part.
  • Plated sheets are obtained by placing on a rolling plate, preferably scalped, made of an alloy (said core alloy) of a first composition, a second rolling plate or a sheet, preferably scalped, of smaller thickness. , made of an alloy (called plating alloy) of a second composition.
  • the clad sheets are monolithic parts, within the meaning of the definition given below. They can be used in aeronautical construction, for example as a fuselage coating, see for example the patent US 5,213,639 (Aluminum Company of America) or the patent EP 1 170 118 (Pechiney Rhenalu ).
  • the plating process makes it possible to manufacture large parts, but the variation in the chemical composition is made in the thickness and not in the length or width of the part. Thus, the functionalization is quite limited: the function sought for the plating is either protection against corrosion, or weldability.
  • a different tempering treatment is applied to each of the two ends of a long product made from a single aluminum-based alloy.
  • the patent EP 0 630 986 (Pechiney Rhenalu ) describes a process for manufacturing aluminum alloy sheets with structural hardening exhibiting a continuous variation in the properties of use along a main direction of the product (length, width, thickness), in which the final tempering is carried out in a specific structure comprising a hot room and a cold room, connected by a heat pump.
  • This process made it possible to obtain small parts with a length of approximately one meter of alloy 7010, one end of which is in the T651 state and the other in the T7451 state, by an isochronous tempering treatment.
  • This process has never been developed on an industrial scale, because it is difficult to control in a manner compatible with the quality requirements posed by the field of aeronautical construction; these industrial difficulties increase with the size of the parts.
  • the amplitude of the variation in mechanical properties over the length of the part is found to be quite limited. A significant improvement in this process is described in the patent application ( FR2868084 ), but this method also does not make it possible to modify the chemical composition of the alloy.
  • a second approach uses the concept of the internal ingot mold: a first alloy is solidified by an internal ingot mold, and the solid shell thus formed serves as a mold for the second alloy.
  • This concept is described in the patent DE 844 806 (Wieland Maschinene).
  • This principle has been adapted to the continuous vertical casting of plates plated in the patent US 4,567,936 (Kaiser).
  • the patent application WO 2004/112992 (Alcan) describes several methods for forming rolling plates comprising two alloys by semi-continuous vertical casting using vertical separators. This process is particularly suitable for manufacturing plated rolling plates.
  • the alloy preparations during step (a) are not necessarily concomitant.
  • the preparation (a) and casting (b and c) stages are not necessarily successive, in particular the preparation of the second alloy or of any additional alloy of stage (a) may be concomitant with one or the another of the casting steps.
  • steps (b) and (c) are carried out without interrupting the flow of liquid metal.
  • the preparation of the alloys can be carried out in different ways.
  • the preparation of aluminum-based alloys can be carried out independently, or (ii) the preparation of alloys of composition different from P can be carried out from the first alloy during casting by adding to said first alloy the necessary quantities of elements to achieve the composition of alloys of composition different from P, or alternatively (iii) the preparation of at least two aluminum-based alloys can be carried out during casting from a aluminum alloy of composition B, by adding to said alloy of composition B the necessary quantities of elements to achieve the composition of said at least two aluminum alloys P and T.
  • a first solid intermediate product, intended to be rolled, spun or forged, can be obtained according to the vertical casting process defined above.
  • This product shows for at least one alloying element at least one concentration gradient in the direction of casting which is most often the direction of its height (i.e. of its largest dimension).
  • This intermediate product can be for example a plate or a billet.
  • a structural element can be made from a second intermediate product as defined above. This structural element can be bi-functional or multi-functional.
  • machining includes any material removal process such as turning, milling, drilling, reaming, tapping, EDM, grinding, polishing.
  • a casting installation is used here to mean all of the devices making it possible to transform metals in any form into a semi-finished product in raw form, passing through the liquid phase.
  • a casting installation may include one or more furnaces necessary for melting metals or keeping them at temperature, one or more furnaces intended for carrying out operations for preparing the liquid metal and adjusting the composition, one or more tanks ( or “ bags ”) intended to carry out a treatment for removing impurities dissolved or suspended in the liquid metal, this treatment possibly consisting in filtering the liquid metal on a filtering medium and / or in introducing into the bath a gas called“ treatment ” may be inert or reactive, a device for solidifying the liquid metal (or "casting loom") comprising at least the following devices: a mold (or “ingot mold”), at least one device for supplying the liquid metal (or “Nozzle”), these various devices being interconnected by channels called “chutes” in which the liquid metal can be transported and a cooling system
  • structural element or “structural element” of a mechanical construction is used here to mean a mechanical part the failure of which is likely to endanger the safety of the said construction, of its users, of its users or of others.
  • these structural elements include in particular the elements that make up the fuselage (such as the fuselage skin), the stiffeners or bulkheads, bulkheads, fuselage (circumferential frames), the wings (such as the wing skin), the stiffeners (stringers or stiffeners), the ribs (ribs) and spars (spars)) and the empennage composed in particular of horizontal and vertical stabilizers (horizontal or vertical stabilizers), as well as the floor profiles (floor beams), the seat rails (seat tracks) and the doors.
  • bi-functional or multi-functional structural element here mainly refers to the functions conferred by the metallurgical and / or mechanical characteristics of the product and not by its geometric shape.
  • the method for vertical casting of a part of final height H F comprises the preparation and casting of an aluminum-based alloy of first composition P to a desired height H P , the casting of an additional height H T desired of the second alloy so as to reach a casting height H P + H T less than or equal to H F , and optionally the casting of other aluminum-based alloys or of the alloy P up to the final height H F.
  • the flow of liquid metal is not interrupted when passing from the casting of the alloy of first composition P to that of the alloy of second composition T, and advantageously when passes from the casting of the alloy of composition T to that of other alloys.
  • This vertical casting process generates solid intermediate products intended to be rolled, spun or forged, having at least two alloys spatially separated in the direction of casting.
  • Solid intermediate products have, for at least one alloying element, a concentration gradient in the direction of casting.
  • This vertical casting process generates between two successively cast alloys a "transition zone" Z of intermediate composition. Control of this transition zone between the alloys is important. In a preferred variant, a transition zone is made as short as possible, that is to say a transition as abrupt as possible. However, for certain applications, it is also possible to envisage a larger zone, by controlling the concentration gradients so as to be able to guarantee their repeatability from one casting to another. In order to obtain an abrupt transition between alloys, it is preferable to carry out the transition so that the mixing between the successive alloys takes place in a part of the casting installation having a small volume and close to the casting profession. . Typically this transition can be made in a chute using a dam.
  • the height H P is greater than the height of the plate or billet cropped at the foot H EP .
  • the height H P depends on the intended application, however in the context of the invention, the height H P is generally greater than H EP + H U / 4 and sometimes greater than H EP + H U / 2.
  • At least two alloys are produced (here called: "foot alloy” or “P alloy” and “head alloy” or “T alloy”) independently, for example in at least two separate ovens.
  • First pour the foot alloy pouring the liquid metal from the first oven into the chute.
  • H P in the casting loom is reached, the flow of metal from the first furnace is interrupted and replaced by a flow from the second furnace. This tilting from one oven to another is preferably done without interrupting the flow of liquid metal in the chute which empties in the casting loom.
  • an additional height H T of the alloy of composition T so as to reach a casting height H P + H T less than or equal to H F.
  • the sum H P + H T is equal to H F.
  • the casting of other aluminum-based alloys T ', T "from a third or a fourth furnace or from the alloy P from the first furnace to the final height H F allows make more complex plates or billets with for example composition sequences such as P / T / P, P / T / T 'or P / T / T' / T ".
  • This embodiment is suitable for all combinations of alloys, whether the alloys belong to the same family, for example alloys of the family 7XXX, or to different families such as for example a 2XXX alloy and a 7XXX alloy.
  • the foot alloy is poured up to the desired height Hp, and the alloy element or elements whose content in the alloy T is greater than that of l are added at the appropriate time.
  • alloy P in the form of a wire or any other suitable form.
  • an additional height H T of the alloy of composition T is poured so as to reach a casting height H P + H T less than or equal to H F.
  • the alloy P is an alloy of the Al-Zn 5.0 - Cu 1.5 - Mg 1.5 type and the alloy T is an alloy of the Al - Zn 5.0 - Cu 1 type , 5 - Mg 2.5
  • a liquid alloy is produced, the composition of which corresponds to that of the P alloy, and at the appropriate time during casting, magnesium wire is added to the liquid metal in an appropriate part of the 'casting installation such as the casting furnace, a chute or a processing bag.
  • a base alloy of composition B is poured to which is added, typically in the form of wires, the alloying elements in an amount necessary to obtain composition P then composition T, then any other compositions.
  • the quantity of alloying elements added per unit mass of metal cast is modified when the desired height H P is reached, and the casting is stopped when the desired final height H F is reached.
  • mother alloy wire for example based on aluminum.
  • This wire is typically supplied in the form of coils, and introduced into the liquid metal by through an unwinder in an appropriate part of the installation.
  • this wire is supplied in a chute, downstream of the treatment bags, so as to obtain, when the quantity of wire supplied is changed per unit of time, an abrupt transition between alloys.
  • the alloy of composition P is obtained by adding alloying elements in a quantity necessary for the alloy of composition B in a treatment bag and the alloy of composition T has the same composition as the alloy of composition B.
  • the first embodiment has the disadvantage of requiring at least two casting furnaces.
  • Embodiments based on adding yarn have the disadvantage of requiring very strict process control.
  • a critical parameter is temperature control, since the fusion of a metal wire consumes energy, which leads to the cooling of the liquid metal. It is found, for example, that the addition of unheated zinc wire to a bath of liquid aluminum with a temperature of 720 ° C. leads to a drop in temperature of the liquid metal of approximately 15 ° C. for a mass flow of about 2.8 kg / s. According to the inventors' observations, this drop in temperature can nevertheless be compensated by a rapid increase in the temperature of the holding furnace when the liquidus temperature of the alloy T is lower than that of the alloy P.
  • An advantage of the embodiments based on the introduction of wire is to allow a great flexibility as for the transition between the two alloys: one can obtain a sudden transition, but especially one can spread this transition more easily over the length of the plate or billet to obtain a gradual transition. This supposes being able to vary the speed of travel of the wire (or of the wires, if several are used, of the same composition or of different compositions) and / or the number of wires introduced.
  • a bag for treating the liquid metal for example with an Ar - Cl 2 mixture
  • a filter bag of the gravel filter, slab filter or any other suitable filtration mode in order to minimize the hydrogen content of the liquid metal and to obtain a satisfactory inclusion quality.
  • the transition between alloys is carried out downstream of the treatment pockets.
  • a large liquid metal processing pocket is used, which acts as a reservoir of alloy P to develop the alloy T.
  • This embodiment has the advantage of not requiring an additional furnace. compared to the casting methods usually used.
  • the quantity of metal available for the casting of alloy T is limited to the pocket volume.
  • This first solid intermediate product preferably has a constant section over at least 95% of its length.
  • the billets can be used to extrude sections or bars having a variable composition along their length, or as a forging blank.
  • the plates can be used as forging blanks or as rolling plates.
  • the problem of manufacturing laminated products which show variable mechanical characteristics in space can be solved by using a laminating plate according to the invention and by laminating it to obtain a sheet. Rolling in the lengthwise direction (that is to say in the casting direction H ) results in the elongation of the transition zone Z which may be advantageous for certain applications.
  • the plate is subjected to at least one rolling pass in the direction of casting. However, rolling is generally preferred in the widthwise direction (that is to say perpendicular to the casting direction H ), since this makes it possible not to lengthen the transition zone. This induces constraints in the choice of the size of the plates to achieve the desired sheet size.
  • the figure 4 illustrates the rolling of a plate according to the invention in the width direction.
  • the rolling direction L is perpendicular to the casting direction H.
  • a 7XXX alloy comprising 4.1 to 5.1% of Zn, 1.5 to 2.5% by weight of Cu and 1.2 to 1.8% by weight of Mg has proved particularly advantageous in the context of the invention.
  • This alloy allows very high toughness to be achieved while minimizing the loss of static mechanical characteristics compared to an alloy such as 7040.
  • the alloy P is thus an alloy comprising 4.1 to 5 , 1% Zn, 1.5 to 2.5% by weight of Cu and 1.2 to 1.8% by weight of Mg and the alloy T is an alloy comprising 7 to 10% of Zn, 1.0 to 3.0% by weight of Cu and 1.0 to 3.0% by weight of Mg.
  • the combination between alloys 7040 and 7449 is particularly favorable for spar type applications while the combination between alloys 7475 and 7449 is particularly favorable for wing skin type applications.
  • the methods according to the present invention allow the production of bi-functional or multi-functional monolithic structural elements.
  • the methods according to the present invention make it possible in particular to develop structural elements suitable for use in aeronautical construction comprising longitudinal members or wing ribs of large capacity aircraft.
  • the figure 1 schematically shows a bi-functional beam according to the invention. Its height H L can reach 1000 mm or more, its length L can reach ten meters or more, its thickness E is typically of the order of 100 mm, but can be greater.
  • the beams are manufactured by machining from heavy plates. They may include a lower sole (4), an upper sole (1), a core (2) and stiffeners machined in the mass (3).
  • the transition zone Z can be positioned at equal distance from the soles or closer to one or the other, depending on the sizing needs.
  • the figure 2 shows schematically the heavy plate in which these beams were machined. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heavy plate was obtained by rolling in the width direction of the plate according to the invention so that the height H L is slightly less than H U. Laminating in the cross direction is illustrated on the Figure 4 .
  • the range of transformation carried out which can include, in the case of a plate, the stages of homogenization, hot rolling, cold rolling, dissolving, quenching, cold deformation (for example traction) and tempering must be compatible with the alloys contained in the plate according to the invention.
  • This condition can be limiting as regards the choice of alloys because the optimal temperatures are sometimes very different between the alloys and a temperature compromise can lead to not obtaining the desired properties.
  • Those skilled in the art try to best adapt the transformation range to the alloys present. Similar problems arise for those skilled in the art mutatis mutandis in the case of the transformation process of a spinning billet, or a draft forge.
  • the laminating plate is laminated mainly or exclusively in the direction of its length, that is to say in the direction of casting. Very long sheets are thus obtained, one of the geometric ends of which is made of an alloy of composition P, and the other the geometric end is made of an alloy of composition T. These sheets show a gradient in their mechanical properties in the direction of their length. This embodiment applies in particular to the production of wing sheets.
  • a rolling plate (mark A) was cast, the base (mark P) of which was made of Al-Zn 5% alloy - Cu 1.8% - Mg 1.5% and the head (mark T) of Al-Zn alloy 8% - Cu 1.8% - Mg 1.9%.
  • the two alloys were produced in two separate ovens.
  • Table 1 shows the composition of the two alloys measured on pions obtained by solidification of liquid metal taken from each of the two ovens.
  • Table 1 Measured compositions (% by weight) Reference Zn Cu Mg Yes Fe Ti Zr A (P) 4.93 1.83 1.48 0.033 0.053 0.0175 0.11 A (T) 8.05 1.85 1.89 0.030 0.044 0.0202 0.12
  • the two liquid alloys were treated for 90 minutes with an Ar - Cl 2 mixture in an IRMA ® type treatment bag.
  • the transition between alloys was carried out in a chute. Liquid metal was taken from the chute for the production of spectrometric pawns before, during and after the composition transition, approximately every 50 mm of descent. It has thus been found that the transition of the composition takes place over a descent height of approximately 200 mm.
  • the height H P was 2100 mm
  • the height H T was approximately 1600 mm
  • the total height of the plate H F was approximately 3700 mm.
  • Example 1 A plate was poured as indicated in Example 1.
  • the compositions of the alloys are indicated in Table 2.
  • Table 2 Measured compositions (% by weight) Reference Zn Cu Mg Yes Fe Ti Zr B (P) 4.81 1.80 1.47 0.035 0.043 0.0184 0.11 B (T) 8.11 1.87 1.92 0.031 0.044 0.0190 0.11
  • the two liquid alloys were treated with an Ar - Cl 2 mixture in an ALPUR ® type treatment bag.
  • the metal of composition T was prepared from the metal of composition P in the ALPUR ® bag, then the bag was fed with the liquid metal coming from the second oven. Liquid metal was taken from the chute for the production of spectrometric pawns before, during and after the composition transition, approximately every 50 mm of descent.
  • the figure 6 illustrates the results obtained.
  • the transition of the composition takes place over a descent height of less than 100 mm.
  • the height H P was 2100 mm.
  • the final height H F of the plate was approximately 3850 mm.
  • a heavy plate is produced which can be used for the manufacture of an aircraft wing spar.
  • the plate from Example 2 is used. This plate has a height Hu of approximately 2750 mm, which is sufficient for a beam with a height of approximately 2000 mm.
  • the plate is homogenized for 48 hours at 470 ° C. It is hot rolled in the transverse direction (ie perpendicular to the casting direction H of the plate) to a final thickness of 80 mm.
  • the hot rolling temperature is between 400 ° C and 460 ° C.
  • the sheet thus obtained is dissolved at 473 ° C for 12 hours. After quenching, the sheet is subjected to controlled traction with a permanent deformation of approximately 2%.
  • the figure 7 illustrates the conductivity profile obtained at mid-thickness in the casting direction H.
  • the transition zone between alloy extends over a height of approximately 400 mm. This height is greater than the transition height of 100 mm measured by removing pawns during casting because it integrates the shape of the interface between solid and liquid ("the marsh") which is not a plane perpendicular to the direction of casting but a surface whose shape depends on the cooling conditions during solidification.
  • the sheet is subjected to a tempering treatment in two stages: 6 hours at 120 ° C followed by 20 hours at 155 ° C.
  • Table 3 illustrates the static mechanical characteristics, the toughness and the corrosion resistance obtained for samples taken at mid-thickness and quarter-thickness.
  • Table 3 Quarter thickness direction L Mid thickness sense L K 1C LT MPa ⁇ m Exco Rm (MPa) R p0.2 (MPa) AT% Rm (MPa) R p0.2 (MPa) AT% CT30 t / 4 CT40 t / 2 P 453 418 15.6 493 437 12.3 56.7 66.6 EA T 537 515 12.4 575 536 10.2 34.0 42.4 EA / B
  • a sheet is thus obtained having at the end T a value of R p0.2 greater than 510 MPa and a value of K IC greater than 32 MPa ⁇ m, and at the end P a value of R p0.2 greater than 410 MPa and a K IC value greater than 54 MPa ⁇ m.
  • this sheet it is possible to machine a bi-functional structural element for aeronautical construction, namely a spar, so as to have the upper side in alloy of composition T, and the lower side in alloy of composition P. This spar is schematically depicted on the figure 1 .
  • an aluminum-based alloy rolling plate is cast, the head composition T (alloy of type AA 7449) comprising 8% zinc, 1.9% magnesium and 1.8% copper, and whose base composition P (AA7040 type alloy) comprises 5% zinc, 1.5% magnesium and 1.8% copper.
  • the zirconium content is 0.11%.
  • an alloy of composition P is prepared, the metal is treated with a gas (Ar + Cl 2 ) in a treatment pocket, the plate is poured with the alloy of composition P to the height H P desired, which is the final mid-height H F of the target plate, and then the casting is continued until the final height H F by adding to the alloy being cast, after the processing ladle, the necessary quantity of solid metal rich in zinc and magnesium to bring the alloy of composition P to composition T.
  • This supply of solid metal is made by unwinding, by means of an unwinder, two wires with appropriate zinc and magnesium contents , which are supplied in coils.
  • an aluminum alloy rolling plate is cast, the base composition P of which comprises 1.8% magnesium, 7.8% zinc and 1.8% copper and the head composition of which T includes 1.3% magnesium, 7.8% zinc and 1.8% copper.
  • the zirconium content is 0.10%.
  • an alloy of composition T is prepared, the quantity of Mg necessary to reach the targeted composition P is added to a treatment pocket and then poured. The transition between the two compositions is gradual, composition T being reached for a casting height of 800 mm.
  • the plate is then transformed by homogenization, hot rolling to a thickness of 100 mm, dissolution, quenching and tempering. The results obtained at the top and at the top are presented in Table 4 for 4 different income conditions.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP06841935.7A 2005-12-16 2006-12-14 Procédé de fabrication de demi-produits comportant deux alliages à base d'aluminium Active EP1965936B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0512809A FR2894857B1 (fr) 2005-12-16 2005-12-16 Procede de fabrication de demi-produits comportant deux alliages a base d'aluminium
PCT/FR2006/002731 WO2007080265A1 (fr) 2005-12-16 2006-12-14 Procede de fabrication de demi-produits comportant deux alliages a base d'aluminium

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EP1965936A1 EP1965936A1 (fr) 2008-09-10
EP1965936B1 true EP1965936B1 (fr) 2020-04-15

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US (1) US7938165B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1965936B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101330995B (zh)
CA (1) CA2632999C (zh)
DE (1) DE06841935T1 (zh)
FR (1) FR2894857B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2007080265A1 (zh)

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EP2428305B1 (en) 2005-12-09 2015-05-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Method of manufacturing a clad material having two or more skin materials
EP2193214B1 (en) 2007-10-04 2018-01-10 Aleris Rolled Products Germany GmbH A method for manufacturing a wrought metal plate product having a gradient in engineering properties
US8448690B1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2013-05-28 Alcoa Inc. Method for producing ingot with variable composition using planar solidification
PL2529038T3 (pl) 2010-01-29 2014-04-30 Tata Steel Nederland Tech Bv Sposób obróbki cieplnej taśmy metalowej i materiał w postaci taśmy wyprodukowany w ten sposób
EP2789706B1 (en) 2013-04-11 2015-07-15 Aleris Rolled Products Germany GmbH Method of casting lithium containing aluminium alloys
US9656321B2 (en) * 2013-05-15 2017-05-23 General Electric Company Casting method, cast article and casting system
WO2015003934A1 (en) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 Aleris Rolled Products Germany Gmbh Method of producing aluminium alloys containing lithium
CA3032261A1 (en) 2016-08-26 2018-03-01 Shape Corp. Warm forming process and apparatus for transverse bending of an extruded aluminum beam to warm form a vehicle structural component
EP3529394A4 (en) 2016-10-24 2020-06-24 Shape Corp. MULTI-STAGE MOLDING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS AND THERMAL TREATMENT METHOD FOR PRODUCING VEHICLE COMPONENTS
CN107832536B (zh) * 2017-11-16 2021-02-26 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 一种纵向型材肋位标记建模方法
CN114178508A (zh) * 2021-12-13 2022-03-15 湖南工程学院 一种多层铝基复合材料的真空铸造方法

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FR1505826A (fr) * 1965-12-21 1967-12-15 Glacier Co Ltd Procédé pour la coulée d'une pièce bimétallique
WO2004112992A2 (en) * 2003-06-24 2004-12-29 Alcan International Limited Method for casting composite ingot

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FR1505826A (fr) * 1965-12-21 1967-12-15 Glacier Co Ltd Procédé pour la coulée d'une pièce bimétallique
WO2004112992A2 (en) * 2003-06-24 2004-12-29 Alcan International Limited Method for casting composite ingot

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1965936A1 (fr) 2008-09-10
DE06841935T1 (de) 2009-01-15
US7938165B2 (en) 2011-05-10
CN101330995B (zh) 2012-04-18
CA2632999A1 (fr) 2007-07-19
FR2894857A1 (fr) 2007-06-22
US20070259200A1 (en) 2007-11-08
CA2632999C (fr) 2016-11-08
CN101330995A (zh) 2008-12-24
FR2894857B1 (fr) 2009-05-15
WO2007080265A1 (fr) 2007-07-19

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