Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
  • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
  • H01Q3/16—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device
  • H01Q3/20—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device wherein the primary active element is fixed and the reflecting device is movable
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
  • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
  • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
  • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
  • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
  • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
  • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
  • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces

Definitions

• the invention relates to a dual-polarized antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
• the antennas provided for a base station of a mobile radio antenna usually comprise a reflector for which a multiplicity of radiating devices are provided offset in the vertical direction relative to one another, for example dual-polarized radiators and / or patch radiators. These can radiate and receive, for example, in one or two mutually perpendicular polarizations.
• the radiator elements can be designed to receive only in a frequency band.
• the antenna arrangement can also be designed as a multiband antenna, for example for transmitting and / or receiving in two mutually offset frequency bands. Also so-called triband antennas and other frequency bands comprehensive multi-range antennas are known.
• a cellular antenna is usually installed and designed so that the longest extent is vertical, for example, common half-widths may be around the 45 ', 65', 90 ", 120 ', etc.
• mobile radio antennas of today's generation are constructed so that their so-called down-tilt angle can preferably be adjusted remotely controllable.
• the radiation angle can usually be adjusted downwards in different orders of magnitude, whereby the respective mobile radio cell changes, in which a radiation takes place.
• phase shifting devices by means of a remotely controllable and retrofittable control unit has become known for example from DE 101 04 564 Cl.
• variable beam shaping in particular also in the horizontal direction, is known, for example, from WO 2005/015600 A1.
• variable power distribution radiators are fed via phase shifters and a hybrid arrangement arranged in at least two columns. By the power distribution, a corresponding beam shaping with different orientation in the horizontal direction can be effected.
• the mentioned beam shaping is only possible here if an antenna array with at least two columns is used.
• An alternative possibility for beam shaping is also known, for example, from DE 103 36 072 A1 as known. This is done by using at least two radiator devices whose major axis are aligned at an angle to each other. Through a network, the at least two radiators can be fed with different intensity, whereby a different orientation of the main radiator direction can be achieved in dependence thereon by the angular arrangement of the two main lobes of the two radiator devices and by the power-dependent feed.
• a possibility for generating a beam shaping has basically also become known from WO 02/05383 A1.
• a certain beam shaping can be effected by different borrowed supply of the radiator device located in the center relative to the external radiator devices.
• a generic antenna device has become known, for example, from US 5,469,181 A.
• the antenna shows a reflector with arranged in front of the reflector dipole radiators, which - are then also aligned in the vertical direction - in the usual vertical orientation of the reflector.
• On the left and right of the reflector are pivotable side webs are provided in different angular position to the reflector to influence the radiation pattern by different settings of the side bars.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an improved dual-polarized antenna, in particular a mobile radio antenna, which allows beam shaping in certain areas by means of simple technical measures, for example with respect to a differently adjustable main beam direction and / or a different half-width.
• the present invention it is possible by simple means to carry out a beam shaping, namely already with respect to a single beam or a single radiator group, ie especially with respect to an antenna with radiator elements, which are arranged for example only in a column or row.
• the beam shaping with respect to the main propagation direction of the antenna that is, alignment of the main lobe
• the corresponding change in the setting of the half-width can also be effected in the vertical and / or horizontal direction.
• the invention in its basic form with respect to a single dual polarized radiator device, for example in the form of a dual polarized Dipolstrahlers (for example in the form of a dipole cross, a dipole square or in the form of a so-called detector dipole, as this basically from the DE 198 60 121 A1) or in the form of a dual polarized patch radiator and / or using both radiator types mentioned above.
• a dual polarized Dipolstrahlers for example in the form of a dipole cross, a dipole square or in the form of a so-called detector dipole, as this basically from the DE 198 60 121 A1
• a dual polarized patch radiator for example in the form of a dual polarized patch radiator and / or using both radiator types mentioned above.
• the desired advantages for achieving the object can also be realized in the case of a dual-polarized antenna or a dual-polarized antenna whose radiators, emitter elements or emitter groups can radiate and / or receive in two mutually perpendicular polarizations in a +45 'or -45 "angle with respect to the vertical (and thus also with respect to the horizontal) are aligned.
• the antenna is extended at least to a single-column antenna, in which, for example, a plurality of radiator devices arranged one above the other in the vertical direction are provided.
• the antenna can also be extended so that, for example, several, only in the horizontal direction juxtaposed radiator devices are provided.
• an antenna array can also be constructed according to the invention, namely with a plurality of generally vertically extending, adjacent (ie in the horizontal direction offset) columns in each of which several, ie at least two radiator devices, for example in the form of dual polarized dipole radiators and / or in the form of dual-polarized patch emitters, are provided.
• the antenna In the case of the antenna according to the invention, its basic unit is based on a configuration in which at least one radiator or a radiator group is provided, namely in front of a reflector.
• the reflector has a longitudinal and a transverse direction (usually perpendicular to the longitudinal direction).
• antennas are positioned so that the longitudinal direction is parallel to the vertical direction or aligned substantially vertically, so that the transverse direction is quasi in the horizontal direction.
• longitudinal webs in each case left and right of the emitter device located therebetween
• the reflector may also be provided with transverse webs (between which then again the at least one emitter is arranged), which may then extend in the usual direction of the antenna in the horizontal direction or substantially in the horizontal direction.
• transverse webs can at the outer edges be provided of the reflector, but they can also be positioned elsewhere on the reflector, namely offset away from the outer edges closer to the associated radiator.
• the radiator itself is - as already mentioned - preferably oriented so that the two mutually perpendicular polarization planes are arranged at an angle of ⁇ 45 'with respect to the longitudinal or transverse webs extending.
• the radiators should be arranged such that they are preferably arranged at an angle of ⁇ 45 'or substantially ⁇ 45' with respect to the longitudinal and / or transverse struts.
• two opposite longitudinal webs can be provided, which can be pivoted relative to the reflector in different relative position.
• transverse webs are provided, which can be adjusted about transverse axes in different relative positions. This makes it possible for a respective longitudinal and / or transverse web to run away from the reflector in such a way that it is oriented toward the associated emitter or in a different orientation position rather from the emitter or in a preferably arbitrary intermediate position between these extreme positions can be.
• the at least one and preferably each two longitudinal webs and / or the at least one or preferably two transverse webs are galvanically isolated from the actual reflector. Due to the variable in their position longitudinal and / or transverse webs can form a slot between the longitudinal or transverse web and the adjacent reflector.
• certain recesses may be provided in the webs, for example recesses in the region of the axis or of the bending region, in particular if the axis or the bending region have a certain distance from the reflector.
• the electrical connection between stationary and moving parts then has the corresponding slots or gaps.
• This slot leads, in particular, when the dipole radiators are oriented not vertically but horizontally or horizontally in front of the reflector, that is, for example, in the case of dual-polarized radiators which are aligned at a +45 "or -45" angle to the vertical or horizontal are, to a partially undesirable change in the radiation pattern.
• this slot can also be formed in electrical terms, that the pivotable side and / or longitudinal webs are connected for example via a film hinge with the reflector, so that here between the pivotable webs and the reflector surface an electrically conductive layer is interrupted, so that in this area only dielectric material is present.
• the swiveling parts, in particular the longitudinal or transverse Webs can be at least partially capacitively coupled to the reflector (for example over a small distance).
• a capacitive coupling may also be possible in that, for example, the reflector is provided, forming its axis of rotation, with an electrically-galvanically connected, rotatable inner conductor part, which engages in a corresponding outer conductor part which is separated by a dielectric at the reflector.
• the length of the inner conductor part is preferably approximately ⁇ / 4, that is one quarter of the wavelength of a frequency band to be transmitted (usually preferably corresponding to the center frequency of a frequency band). But other capacitive applications are conceivable.
• the respective two longitudinal and / or transverse webs individually and / or independently or in pairs (possibly also synchronously) so controlled, in particular also remotely controlled or manually adjusted, that both, for example, with respect to a longitudinal axis of symmetry more to the left or the other more aligned to the right.
• this can also be designed to be retrofitted.
• the main lobe direction By the rather parallel pivoting to the left and right the main lobe direction can be adjusted, whereas by opposing pivoting of the longitudinal or transverse webs with rather divergent orientation, the half width is reduced and with more convergent alignment the half width is increased. This is possible not only with a single radiator, but also, for example, with an antenna with beams that are arranged in only one column or only in a row.
• pivot axes which are preferably formed at the transition from the reflector plane to the longitudinal webs.
• These pivot axes can also be shaped as bending axes.
• these pivoting or bending axes can also be formed in a partial height of the side boundary or lie in a portion of the reflector, so that a partial surface of the reflector with the lateral or transverse boundaries is pivotable.
• the polarization planes of the single polarized radiators according to US 5,710,569 A are aligned parallel to the side bridges, at least substantially at a 45 ° angle to the side boundaries, i.e. to the longitudinal ridges.
• the half-width can be changed in a vertical direction of the antenna in horizontal and / or vertical direction and also change or adjust the radiation of the main lobe in the elevation direction (ie the down-tilt angle) as well as in the azimuth direction.
• the dual-polarized antenna according to the invention is distinguished by the conservation of polarization decoupling. It enables high bandwidth operation, for example, from 1710 to 2170 MHz or 806 to 960 MHz.
• the antenna is also broadband in other frequency bands.
• one can also be high isolation between the terminals of different polarizations of, for example, 25 dB, 30 dB, etc. realize.
• Another major advantage is the high intermodulation strength for systems with multiple carriers or broadband systems.
• the corresponding antenna arrangement is constructed such that at least one column is provided with a plurality of radiators arranged side by side or one above the other in the longitudinal direction. If the reflector has, for example, only longitudinal boundaries, these can also be arranged at different side distances in the case of the individual radiators or radiator types. Accordingly, the reflector can be designed to vary in width in the transverse direction. The same applies to appropriate use only of transverse boundaries when the multiple radiators are arranged side by side in the transverse direction.
• radiators are arranged next to one another in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction, it is preferred to use mutually adjacent pairwise longitudinal and / or transverse boundaries, namely for each associated radiator or radiator field, independently of the adjacent radiator or radiator field, the desired beam shaping cause.
• the longitudinal and / or transverse webs are preferably electrically galvanically connected directly to the actual reflector. If an electrically non-conductive pivoting or joint arrangement is used, a connection between the longitudinal or lateral webs and the own reflector surface can be achieved by a separate, electrically-galvanic connection. be made. But also a capacitive connection to the actual reflector is possible with respect to the longitudinal and / or transverse webs.
• the mentioned side wall parts ie the longitudinal and / or transverse webs
• the corresponding longitudinal or transverse webs for a radiator or a radiator arrangement can be formed separately and, if necessary, only partially mechanically connected.
• the dimensions of the longitudinal or transverse webs may differ in length and height, also with respect to their distance from the center of an associated radiator.
• the longitudinal and transverse webs need not necessarily be formed to extend straight in cross-section, but they can be profiled as desired in many areas, for example, be designed S, Z or L-shaped.
• the webs, in particular the side webs or the moving parts can also be equipped with so-called passive slots, as are generally known from EP 0 916 169 B1.
• the pivotable parts can be mechanically connected to the reflector, for example via a movable structure, for example in the form of spring elements, thin conductive layers on a film substrate or using flexible regions, for example a partially flexible printed circuit board.
• a capacitive or line coupling with the reflector can take place, for example, over two surfaces or line elements, wherein the coupling device then again preferably has a length which corresponds approximately to ⁇ / 4 of the relevant operating wavelength (preferably the center operating wavelength).
• the longitudinal and / or transverse webs may also be wholly or partly formed from suitable dielectric material, and here too a corresponding beam shaping is possible in wide ranges.
• Figure 1 a schematic perspective view of an antenna with a radiator device and with pivotable longitudinal and / or transverse webs;
• Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the embodiment of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3a shows cross-sectional views according to the line to 3e: III-III in Figure 2 and reproducing different pivoting possibilities of the longitudinal webs;
• FIG. 4 a cross-sectional views along the line to 4e: III-III in Figure 2 and reproducing different pivoting possibilities of the transverse webs;
• FIG 5 is a schematic plan view of the antenna according to the invention according to Figure 1 with omission of the radiator arrangement with specifically designed longitudinal and / or transverse webs;
• FIG. 6 shows an embodiment deviating from FIG. 5. shape
• FIG. 7 shows a schematic partial representation of a specific possibility of pivoting a longitudinal web relative to a reflector
• FIG. 7a shows a slightly modified embodiment with respect to the illustration according to FIG. 7;
• FIG. 7b an embodiment slightly modified again from FIG. 7a;
• FIG. 8 shows a modified embodiment according to FIG. 7
• Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional view through the coaxial, capacitive coupling of Figure 8.
• Figure 10 is a perspective view of a single-column antenna with four radiator devices with a modified embodiment with respect to the pivotable longitudinal and / or transverse webs;
• Figure 11 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the embodiment of Figure 10;
• Figures 12 is a schematic side view of Figure 13: similar to Figure 3b and 3d, but with a differently arranged formed Verschenke;
• FIG. 14 shows another embodiment of the invention in a schematic perspective view;
• Figure 15 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the embodiment of Figure 14;
• Figure 15a is an enlarged schematic representation with respect to a modification to Figure 15, in which slots are introduced in the longitudinal webs, so that inwardly pivoted longitudinal webs these do not collide with the transverse webs;
• FIG. 16 shows a schematic front view of an antenna array according to the invention with two columns and a total of eight radiator devices
• Figure 16a is a corresponding view to Figure 16, but in a schematic spatial representation
• FIG. 17 shows a schematic front view of a further exemplary embodiment of an antenna array with four radiator devices, the side boundaries being arranged at different lateral distances from each other for the individual radiator devices;
• FIG. 18 a spatial plan view of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 17;
• Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of another modification in which, for example, the longitudinal webs have further pivot axes;
• Figure 20 shows a further embodiment with four each with side offset in parallel longitudinal extension extending longitudinal webs, wherein the inner longitudinal webs are each pivotable and the outer longitudinal webs are fixed;
• FIG. 20a shows a schematic spatial representation of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 20;
• FIG. 21 shows a further exemplary embodiment in a schematic cross-sectional representation comparable to that according to FIG. 20, in which both longitudinal webs extending parallel to one another on each side of the emitter are individually and independently pivotable, with the outer longitudinal web being folded inwards according to FIG.
• Figure 22 is a corresponding view to Figure 21, in which the inner longitudinal webs folded over the reflector and project the outer longitudinal webs from the reflector;
• FIG. 23 shows a further comparable illustration according to FIGS. 21 and 22, in which the pairwise adjacent, longitudinally direction . extending longitudinal webs, for example, when viewed from the reflector, to run towards each other.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment according to the invention of a dual polarized antenna
• FIG. 2 shows a front view of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG.
• the antenna according to the invention in this case comprises a dual polarized radiator and a dual polarized radiator device 1.
• FIGS Connection of these longitudinal and / or transverse webs in the context of the invention will be explained with reference to Figures 7 to 9.
• the dual-polarized radiator device 1 consists of a dipole-like radiator 1 ', which radiates in two mutually perpendicular planes Pl and P2 (which are thus oriented at a 90 "angle to each other - FIG. 2), ie can transmit and receive
• This may be, for example, a cross-shaped dipole radiator or a dipole square
• a so-called vector dipole is shown, which is basically known from DE 198 60 121 A1.
• the dual polarized radiator device 1 is arranged in front of a reflector 3.
• the reflector 3 is a planar reflector. Flektor.
• the reflector itself may also have a three-dimensional shape, for example, be curved cylindrically around at least one axis or, for example, have a portion of a spherical curvature, etc., or be formed with a different curvature.
• the reflector 3 extends substantially in two dimensions, whereby a longitudinal extent 5 and a transverse extent 7 are defined.
• the longitudinal extent 5 would extend in the vertical direction or substantially in the vertical direction, so that the transverse extent 7 points in the horizontal direction or substantially in the horizontal direction.
• the two polarization planes P1 and P2 perpendicular to one another are aligned such that they extend at an angle of ⁇ 45 'with respect to the longitudinal direction 5 and / or the transverse direction 7 or at least approximately are aligned.
• two longitudinal webs 9 are provided parallel to the longitudinal extent 5, which can be arranged on the outer boundary edge 3 1 on the reflector 3.
• the longitudinal webs 9 can also be arranged offset from this edge 3 'of the reflector 3 to the radiator device 1 in front of the reflector.
• the longitudinal webs 9 are thus in Transversely offset from one another and take the radiator device 1 lying in between.
• the longitudinal webs 9 rise in front of the plane of the reflector, are aligned with at least one component transversely or preferably perpendicular to the reflector 3, at least to a reflector portion 3a in a region of the radiator device 1 or in the region of an optionally predetermined radiator foot (in the case of a dual polarized Radiator device 1, for example, at the base of an associated balancing Ia).
• two transverse webs 11 are also provided extending in the transverse direction 7, which are arranged offset to one another in the longitudinal direction 5 and receive the dual-polarized radiator device 1 in between. Training and arrangement of the transverse webs 11 may be comparable to the longitudinal webs 9, but this does not have.
• the transverse webs 11 may also be arranged on the adjoining edge 3 'of the reflector 3 or offset away therefrom and arranged closer to the radiator device 1.
• These transverse webs 11 also rise at least with one component, in the exemplary embodiment shown perpendicular to the plane of the reflector 3 or to a corresponding reflector section 3 a in the region of the radiator device 1.
• an antenna environment that is to say a radiator environment 101
• a radiator environment 101 is defined by the construction described, which comprises, for example, longitudinal lines 105 parallel to one another and a pair of transversely extending transverse lines 107 at 90 ", on which the aforementioned longitudinal and transverse struts or longitudinal and transverse webs 7, 9 arranged are, these longitudinal and transverse lines 105, 107 may coincide with the edge 3 1 of the reflector 3, but do not have to coincide, but for example may lie between the reflector edge 3 'and the associated radiator 1, wherein the longitudinal and transverse lines 105th , 107 preferably run parallel to the edges 3 'of the reflector 3.
• the distance between the longitudinal and transverse webs 9, 11, which are sometimes also referred to below as longitudinal and transverse profiles or longitudinal and transverse boundaries or longitudinal and lateral side boundaries, and the associated radiator device 1 in the antenna environment 101 is preferably more than 0 , 3 ⁇ and less than 1.2 ⁇ , where ⁇ is a wavelength of the frequency band to be transmitted, preferably the average wavelength of a frequency band to be transmitted.
• the dual polarized radiator device 1 radiates in two mutually perpendicular planes of polarization Pl, P2, which in the exemplary embodiment shown are arranged in an X-shaped manner, ie. in a +45 'angle or -45' angle relative to the longitudinal or transverse webs 9, 11, so they are not aligned parallel to the longitudinal and / or transverse webs.
• FIG. 3 a a cross-sectional view along the line III-III in FIG. 2 is shown. From this, the basic alignment of the longitudinal webs 9 with respect to the remaining reflector or reflector section 3a in the area of the radiator 1 or in the area of the symmetrization 1a, if it is a dual-polarized dipole radiator, can be recognized, ie, it is preferred in the usual starting position perpendicular to the reflector plane. Since in this initial position the two longitudinal Webs 9 parallel to each other (and are aligned perpendicular to the reflector 3), the two longitudinal webs 9 come to lie with a longitudinal distance LA to each other.
• longitudinal side boundaries 9 are preferably individually or in a further embodiment of the invention in different ways also together pivoted.
• FIG. 3b it is shown that, for example, the left and right side delimiters 9 can be adjusted in the same adjustment direction, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3b in a counterclockwise pivoted position.
• the cross-sectional representation shows that with such an alignment of the longitudinal webs 9, the main lobe direction is no longer aligned perpendicular to the plane of the reflector 3 but in its azimuth direction is pivoted clockwise to the right, ie opposite to the pivoting of the left and right side boundary 9. Only in special cases (with an extreme dimension, special combinations, certain resonance conditions, etc.) may pivoting of the main lobe direction in different direction.
• an adjustment or pivoting of the longitudinal webs 5 takes place in a clockwise direction, as a result of which the main lobe is pivoted in the opposite direction.
• both are Longitudinal webs away from the associated radiator device outwardly adjusted so that the longitudinal webs 9 viewed from the reflector are aligned divergent.
• the clear distance LA between the longitudinal webs on the opposite to the reflector 1 free end 9 1 of the longitudinal webs 9 relative to the basic position in Figure 3a is increased.
• the two longitudinal webs 9 are pivoted toward one another or oriented converging towards each other, whereby the clear distance LA between the upper edges 9 'of the longitudinal webs 9 is reduced. In the two latter cases, a reduction or expansion of the half-width of the main lobe can be generated.
• the transverse webs 11 can also be adjusted individually or jointly, for example, or alternatively together, wherein FIG. 4a shows a corresponding sectional view according to IV-IV in FIG. 2, in which the transverse webs 11 are substantially perpendicular to the plane of the reflector or the reflector section in the region 3a of the radiator device 1 are aligned.
• the transverse webs can also be pivoted together again in one direction or in the other direction ( Figures 4b, 4c).
• the transverse webs 11 can be adjusted from the reflector plane in the direction of the radiator diverging or converging (converging) (FIGS. 4d, 4e).
• the antenna can also be equipped either only with longitudinal webs 9 or only with transverse webs 11, depending on whether an appropriate influencing and beam shaping should be made only in the transverse or only in the longitudinal direction.
• only a single longitudinal web and / or only a single crosspiece may be provided, ie an asymmetrical arrangement insofar as only one side of a longitudinal or transverse web is provided and on the opposite side no web is realized.
• a position-variable longitudinal or transverse web can also be provided only on one longitudinal or one transverse side, whereas the opposite, provided on the other side of the radiator longitudinal or transverse web is not adjustable.
• the longitudinal and transverse webs 9, 11 already end before the corner points 15 (FIGS. 1 and 2), which either represent themselves as corner points of the reflector 3, or which themselves as intersections of the longitudinal and transverse axes or lines 105, 107 result that can be configured as pivoting or, for example, bending axes or lines 17 (FIGS. 1 and 2).
• This offers the advantage that, for example, both the longitudinal and the transverse webs can be pivoted toward a radiator device 1, at least in a sufficient adjustment range, preferably up to a maximum end position in which they do not collide with each other or touch only in this final position in their corner points.
• the transverse webs 11 have a trapezoidal shape, so that the longitudinal webs 9 can be swiveled onto a radiator device 1 unhindered until the non-parallel sides 11 'on the trapezoidal surface of the transverse webs.
• the respective other webs in this embodiment, the longitudinal webs 9 have a length which corresponds to quasi the distance of the trapezoidal transverse webs 11 or even longer.
• the embodiment can also be reversed so that the longitudinal webs are designed trapezoidal and the transverse tege rectangular and also all longitudinal and transverse webs may be designed trapezoidal or have another, non-rectangular surface extension.
• the respective radiator 1 is not drawn in.
• FIG. 5 as well as in the following FIG. 6, for the sake of simplicity, the respective radiator 1 is not drawn in.
• the length of the longitudinal webs 9 is at least slightly smaller than the clear distance LA between the transverse webs 11 in order to be able to pivot the longitudinal webs not only outwardly, but also inwardly towards a radiator device as desired. This is particularly appropriate if, for example, no transverse webs are provided, or the transverse webs are not changed in their orientation or should only be pivoted outwards.
• the longitudinal and / or transverse webs can be brought into different alignment position are, for example, by pivoting along the lines 105, 107.
• These longitudinal and transverse lines can therefore be formed as pivot axes 17.
• the mentioned longitudinal and transverse lines 105, 107 can also be designed as bending lines in order to carry out the corresponding change in position or not only to perform a desired adjustment, but also to maintain it permanently. This can be ensured by suitable mechanical or electrically controllable (remote controllable) devices.
• the term "pivoting” is also understood as a change in position by bending along the bending lines, so that the term “pivot axis" is also understood to mean a "bending axis”.
• the longitudinal and / or transverse webs or parts thereof are designed according to the invention, i. in particular of the reflector 3 are electrically isolated and / or capacitively connected thereto, and as in particular in the region of the pivot axis an occurring slot between the pivotable longitudinal and / or transverse web or a pivotable part of the longitudinal or transverse web by an additional longitudinal and / or Quersteg is virtually covered or hidden, which sits on the reflector.
• the longitudinal webs 9 are suspended for example on pivot axes 17, which are at least mechanically connected to the actual reflector 1.
• the pivot axis 17 may consist of a dielectric, ie non-conductive material.
• a separate, electrically conductive Wire connection 19 may be provided in order to connect the pivotable webs with the reflector 3 electrically-galvanic, if desired in a particular case deviating from the invention.
• FIG. 7 a detail of the reflector 3 is shown, which is provided, for example, only with longitudinal webs 9.
• the reflector 3 is electrically-galvanically connected, for example, to its longitudinal edge 3 1 with conductive sleeves 17a and also mechanically, through which an axle body 17 'extends.
• This axle body 17 ' may consist of dielectric material.
• the pivotable longitudinal web 9 is also at least mechanically fixedly connected to a plurality of longitudinally offset sleeves 17a, through which the axle body 17 'is likewise inserted.
• a pivot axis is formed, so that, for example, the longitudinal web 9 can be pivoted relative to the reflector 3 with the sleeve 17b, which carries a fixed mechanical connection, and supports the shaft 17 formed in this way.
• the mentioned, serving as a holder sleeves 17a and 17b may for example consist of electrically conductive material, in particular metal. In this case, they are electrically-galvanically connected to the reflector or the longitudinal web 9. If a galvanic isolation in the scope of the invention is desired, an axle body 17 'of dielectric material is used. An electrical-galvanic connection could in this case - if it were desired - be made by a separate line 19, which may be soldered, for example, at their end points, about which the side longitudinal web 9 is electrically-galvanically connected to the reflector 3. If an axle body 17 made of electrically conductive material is used, the sleeves 17a, 17b serving as a pivoting device can also be made of electrically non-conductive material if, as desired within the scope of the invention, electrical separation is to be provided.
• a deviation and modification is shown to the extent that a second longitudinal web 9a, which is slightly offset inwardly to the adjacent edge 3 ', is provided on the reflector 3 and has a lower height in the shown embodiment than the swivel and / or adjustable web 9, which lies outside in the illustrated embodiment.
• the slot 18 formed between the pivotable web 9 and the reflector 3 can be virtually covered or concealed.
• Corresponding inwardly offset second transverse webs IIa may also be provided to the position-adjustable transverse webs 11, but not shown in more detail in the drawings.
• the reference numeral 11a is shown in parentheses next to the reference numeral 9a and the reference numeral 9 for the longitudinal web to indicate that the drawing reproduced in accordance with FIG. 7a also applies to an additional transverse web IIa in front of a longitudinal web 11 applies analogously.
• the height of the additional web 9a or IIa extending perpendicular to the plane of the reflector 3 is much smaller than the width of the adjacent pivotable longitudinal or transverse web 9, 11.
• the height of the web additional bridge should be much smaller than the width of the adjacent pivotable longitudinal or transverse web 9, 11, so that even in the tilted position of this longitudinal or transverse web, the upper outer edge of the pivotable web 9, 11 is still above the upper boundary edge of the fixed web 9a and IIa.
• the pivotable longitudinal and / or transverse web 9, 11 should still be effective, so that only the slot 18 is covered.
• the height of the fixed web 9a, 11a is selected such that it corresponds to less than half, in particular less than 40% or 30%, in particular 25%, of the width of the adjacent pivotable web 9, 11.
• the height of the fixed web 9a, IIa is selected so that from the perspective of the dipole radiator, the slot 18 located behind is covered or concealed.
• the mentioned additional longitudinal and / or transverse web 9a, IIa seated on the reflector can be arranged not only from the perspective of the radiator device in front of the pivotable longitudinal and / or transverse web 9, 11, but also behind it.
• This web which is additionally provided behind the longitudinal and / or transverse web and extends into a lower height, is likewise identified by the reference symbols 9a or 11a.
• such an additional web 9a or IIa from the perspective of the radiator device can be arranged both before and after the pivotable web 9, 11, ie on both sides to the pivotable web 9, 11, as can be seen in Figure 7b.
• the reflector 3 is firmly connected at its one longitudinal edge 3 'over a partial length to an electrically conductive cylinder 25, whereby an electrical-galvanic connection is established between the reflector 3 and the cylinder 25.
• This cylinder has a cylindrical dielectric 27 inside (in particular in the sectional view according to FIG. 9) in the axial core.
• an electrically conductive inner conductor 31 is inserted, via which, for example, the longitudinal web 9 is mechanically held at one end and electrically connected.
• the length of the inner conductor 31 is preferably ⁇ / 4, so preferably based on the average frequency of a transmitting Freuqenzbandes.
• pivot axis 17 as a bending line be configured around which by its own mechanism, the longitudinal or the transverse webs can be adjusted or pivoted in their orientation.
• pivot axis 17 can also be provided at a partial height of the longitudinal or transverse webs.
• pivoting or bending axis 17 is provided spaced from the plane of the reflector 3.
• the pivot axis 17 is provided in the actual plane of the reflector 3. From this it can be seen how pivoting, for example, of the longitudinal webs 9 (but also of the transverse webs 11) can be accomplished by also pivoting the outer sections 3 "of the actual reflector 3, since in this embodiment the longitudinal or Transverse webs 9, 11 with the outer portion 3 "of the reflector itself are firmly connected.
• the longitudinal or transverse webs but not only of electrically conductive material, usually a metal or metal sheet metal, but also for example of electrically conductive, coated material or electrically conductive plastic material. Also possible is the use of dielectric material, in particular material with a particularly high dielectric constant, which also allows beam shaping in the described sense.
• FIG. 14 A further exemplary embodiment of an antenna according to the invention is now shown in perspective view with reference to FIG. 14 and in longitudinal section through FIG. 15. With usually vertical alignment of the reflector 3, this results in a column arrangement with four radiator devices 1 arranged one above the other.
• the longitudinal webs 9, which can be pivoted about their pivot axis, are formed integrally as one-piece longitudinal webs 9 relative to their respectively associated radiator device 1.
• the transverse webs 11 shown can be provided in this embodiment and, for example, not be adjustable. It is also possible here, however, that in this embodiment, the transverse webs together up or down or at least individual transverse webs can be pivoted up or down to accomplish here in particular further electrical properties with respect to the main lobe adjustment in down-tilt direction.
• the transverse webs 11 are not adjustable, but the continuous longitudinal webs 9, not only outwardly but also inwardly towards the radiator device 1, it may be advisable to have openings in the longitudinal webs, for example so-called slot-shaped openings or recesses 12 to provide, as this can be seen from the enlarged detail illustration according to FIG. 15a.
• the left longitudinal web is pivoted outwards.
• the right longitudinal web 9 is pivoted inwardly, so that in this case by the transverse to the bending or pivot axis 17 extending slots space is created, which can then be penetrated by the end portions of the transverse webs. This example shows that even in this case the transverse webs can extend to the outer boundary edge 3 1 of the reflector.
• an antenna array with two columns is shown in a schematic front view and in FIG. 16 a in a schematic perspective view, wherein four beam devices are also provided in each column.
• two outer separately adjustable longitudinal webs sowei two associated transverse webs are provided for each radiator device and each associated radiator field.
• the longitudinal webs (this also applies equally to the transverse webs) at different lateral distances from associated radiator devices 1 (or their base or semitransmitting 4 ), so that the reflector 3 has a different width in the transverse direction 7, at least for some of the radiator devices 1.
• these can be connected to each other via a short cross-connector IIa.
• the longitudinal webs can also end open, without such a connecting piece.
• the cross-connecting pieces should be designed in relation to a length of the longitudinal section so that the longitudinal webs 9 can preferably be adjusted inwardly and outwardly at their bending lines.
• FIGS. 17 and 18 show that, for example, two transverse webs 11 are provided only for the uppermost radiating device, which are optionally fixed (ie unadjustable) or can again be aligned together or independently of each other onto the associated radiating device or in the radiation direction ,
• the described beam shaping always takes place in the near field, that is to say in a range of smaller ⁇ or at least 2 ⁇ , 1.5 ⁇ or smaller than 1.2 ⁇ , where ⁇ is again the wavelength of a frequency band to be transmitted, preferably the middle one Wavelength.
• ⁇ is again the wavelength of a frequency band to be transmitted, preferably the middle one Wavelength.
• the pivotable parts (longitudinal and / or transverse webs) these are preferably - as explained - galvanically connected to the reflector 3, via a bendable, conductive structure, for. B. spring elements, thin 5 conductive layer on a film substrate or by bendable areas, for example, an at least partially flexible circuit board.
• the pivotable parts can also be capacitively coupled to the reflector 3, for example over a small distance.
• the capacitive coupling can likewise be constructed differently again, for example by means of a coaxial, capacitive coupling.
• one or more dual polarized radiators can be provided, which are formed of a same type or a different type, wherein at least always one and preferably at least two pairwise co-operating longitudinal ridges or longitudinal profiles or transverse webs
• 20 or transverse profiles can be pivoted to each other or against each other or parallel to each other, successively, individually or synchronously movable, electrically connected or non-electrically conductive to the reflector can be arranged, partially electrically connected and partially elec-
• the side and longitudinal webs or profiles can be arranged separately from each other or at least partially connected to each other, at least mechanically or electrically-galvanically connected to each other.
• the individual parts are in longitudinal, in transverse
• the pivotable side walls 9 can be higher or lower than the transverse or transverse walls 11 extending transversely thereto, as can also be seen from the illustration according to FIG.
• the partitions can also be designed fixed, so immovable. If the transverse webs 11 are comparatively long, corresponding recesses can be provided on the longitudinal webs 9 in order to be able to pivot about their bending axis, as is already apparent from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG.
• the emitters described in the various examples can be individually controlled and operated. Equally, however, a plurality of radiators can be combined electrically into one group. There are no limitations or limitations.
• FIG. 19 reference is made to a modified exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 19, in which cross-section comparable to FIGS. 3 a to 3 e (which also applies to the cross-sectional illustration according to FIGS. 4 a to 4 e) is shown, for example, that the longitudinal walls or longitudinal webs 9 are also divided into two parts may be, namely a first section 9.1 and a second section 9.2 include, which are pivotable about a common bending line or pivot or tilting axis 17 'relative to each other.
• the longitudinal web or longitudinal wall section 9.2 which is closer to the reflector 3, can then be pivoted relative to the reflector via the bending line 17 already discussed several times or the corresponding pivoting or tilting axis.
• This closer to the reflector part 9.2 may, as explained in other embodiments, be bendable or, for example according to the embodiment of Figures 12 and 13 with a side portion of the actual reflector with pivotable, tiltable or bendable.
• the pivot axis 17, which can also be designed in the form of a bending axis, be realized within the scope of the invention such that the longitudinal and / or transverse web is galvanically separated from the reflector and / or capacitively connected thereto is.
• the additional longitudinal web or transverse web mentioned with reference to FIG. 7a is intended to be arranged in front of the pivot axis 17 for the purpose of shielding a slot 18.
• the pivot axis 17 ' can be designed in the same way as the pivot axis 17 at the transition to the reflector, so that there is also a galvanic separation and / or a capacitive coupling between the upper and lower longitudinal web section 9.1, 9.2.
• the associated longitudinal or transverse web 9a or IIa between the radiator device and the outer boundary edge 3 ' may be arranged so that a corresponding slot between the upper and lower longitudinal side portion 9.1 and 9.2 from the perspective of the radiator device is quasi covered or hidden.
• the lower as well as the upper longitudinal side section 9.1 and 9.2 can also be aligned parallel to each other, be pivoted to the left or right, be set to run or divergent or even different.
• the section 9.2 closer to the reflector it would also be possible for the section 9.2 closer to the reflector to be pivoted outwards such that it lies in the extension of the plane of the reflector 3.
• the width (or length) of the reflector would be changed as it were, with the longitudinal side section 9.2 then remaining outside as the sole web, for example perpendicular or generally at an angle to the reflector. But even this further section could be pivoted outwards or inwards into the plane of the reflector, thereby changing the reflector width (or length).
• section 9.2 were to be folded inward down to the reflector plane, this would result in a longitudinal side section 9.1 which could be swiveled as far as desired perpendicular to the reflector plane or to the left or right.
• the longitudinal and / or transverse webs can be not only two, but also more divided, as a result of which, if appropriate, a plurality of bending, pivoting or tilting axes extending preferably parallel to one another result.
• a continuous transverse or longitudinal wall ie a continuous transverse or longitudinal web
• at least two or more longitudinal web sections and / or transverse web sections are provided here can be adjusted individually in their orientation.
• FIG. 20 shows a further slight modification in schematic cross-section and in FIG. 20 a in a schematic perspective illustration.
• the pivotable webs for example longitudinal webs, are arranged offset inwards from the outer edge 3 'of the reflector, so that the corresponding pivot axes or bending lines 17 are closer to the actual radiator 1, I 1 .
• Externally fixed longitudinal or transverse webs 309 are provided.
• the heights of the outer webs 309 and the inner longitudinal webs 9 can be chosen the same or different. Corresponding conditions can also be provided for the transverse webs complementary or alternative.
• a corresponding arrangement of an antenna or an antenna array is shown in a schematic cross-sectional representation, for example comparable to the cross-sectional representation in FIG. 3a, in which again two longitudinal webs (or two transverse webs) on one side of the emitter in the lateral distance are provided to each other.
• the web closer to the radiator 9 as well as the remote outer ridge 309 each about a pivot axis 17, preferably unlimited pivot.
• Both parallel with side offset to each other arranged longitudinal webs (or transverse webs) may have any height.
• the lateral distance between the respective parallel longitudinal or transverse webs is at least equal to or less than their respective height, so that - as shown with reference to FIG.
• the outer longitudinal web 309 can also be completely turned outwards, for example in the plane of the reflector 3, as a result of which the reflector width (or length) can be increased.
• the webs (inner and outer webs) provided in pairs opposite the radiator device 1 and preferably parallel to one another, for example the inner longitudinal web 9 and the outer longitudinal web 309, can also be pivoted as desired, Thus, for example, running towards each other (as shown in Figure 23) or away from one another or both may be pivoted to the left or to the right, etc. It is so far on the basic adjustment of the other embodiments referenced.
• the pivot axis 17 should also be implemented in such a way that the respective web is galvanically isolated from the reflector and / or capacitively connected to it for both the inner and the outer bridge 9, 309 is, from the perspective of the radiator device upstream of the pivotable web an additional web 9a or IIa is arranged. This is intended to cover or conceal the slot 18 formed between the pivotable web 9 and the reflector, as it were, from the perspective of the radiator device.
• radiator devices 1, 1 ' can be operated as in known antenna types.
• the corresponding reflector designs can be realized both in a single-band, a dual-band as well as in a multi-band antenna. If in particular a plurality of radiators are used, they can be combined electrically into one group.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=37845216

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (19)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 2005
  • 2005-12-22 DE DE102005061636A patent/DE102005061636A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2006
  • 2006-12-21 AT AT06841099T patent/ATE452437T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-12-21 ES ES06841099T patent/ES2336259T3/es active Active
  • 2006-12-21 CN CN2006800126624A patent/CN101160692B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-12-21 KR KR1020077021309A patent/KR101308514B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-12-21 DE DE502006005698T patent/DE502006005698D1/de active Active
  • 2006-12-21 EP EP06841099A patent/EP1964205B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2006-12-21 WO PCT/EP2006/012408 patent/WO2007076963A1/fr active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events