Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
  • C08F210/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
  • C08F210/06—Propene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
  • C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
  • C08F297/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
  • C08F297/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
  • C08L23/14—Copolymers of propene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/06—Polyethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/16—Elastomeric ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers, e.g. EPR and EPDM rubbers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2314/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by way of preparation
  • C08L2314/02—Ziegler natta catalyst

Definitions

• the present invention concerns a polyolefin composition, containing a heterophasic propylene copolymer, a polymeric nucleating agent and low-density polyethylene, suitable for use in wide variety of end applications including thin wall packaging and thermoforming.
• Heterophasic polypropylene compositions are known in the art and have, in particular, been used in areas having more demanding requirements with respect to impact strength over a wider temperature range, compared with other propylene copolymers, such as homopolymers and random copolymers.
• WO 2004/055101 discloses a heterophasic polypropylene composition, in particular, suitable for the formation of flat films for thermoforming.
• heterophasic polypropylene compositions usually show a rather low transparency in view of the fact that a heterophasic polypropylene composition comprises a matrix phase and a dispersed (rubber) phase impairing the optical properties of the composition.
• the above-mentioned international patent application accordingly proposes, in order to improve the transparency of a heterophasic polypropylene composition, the use of a ⁇ -nucleating agent selected, in particular, from low molecular weight compounds such as phosphate salt-derived nucleating agents (page 5 of WO 2004/055101) and sorbitol- derived nucleating agents (see page 7 of WO 2004/055101).
• a ⁇ -nucleating agent selected, in particular, from low molecular weight compounds such as phosphate salt-derived nucleating agents (page 5 of WO 2004/055101) and sorbitol- derived nucleating agents (see page 7 of WO 2004/055101).
• Other suitable nucleating agents disclosed in the above-mentioned international patent application are metallic salts of aromatic carboxylic acids and metallic salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids, inorganic compounds such as talc, as well as vinyl cyclohexane polymers.
• a drawback of the prior art compositions is the fact that a sufficient transparency often cannot be obtained, in particular with polymeric nucleating agents.
• Approaches using the master batch technology often suffer from the drawback that it is very troublesome to incorporate by mechanical blending high amounts of nucleating agents with a satisfactory degree of evenness of the distribution into a polymer composition.
• low molecular weight nucleating agents such as sorbitol-derived nucleating agents, are relatively costly which is unfavourable, since high amounts thereof are often needed.
• such low molecular weight components may give rise to further problems during the lifetime of a manufactured product, such as migration, blooming etc., resulting in a deterioration of the product quality, with respect to the optical properties such as haze and transparency as well as with respect to physical properties.
• the present invention aims at overcoming the drawbacks associated with the prior art.
• the present invention aims at providing a further polyolefin composition comprising a heterophasic propylene copolymer wherein the polyolefin composition provides an advantageous transparency, compared with the known heterophasic polypropylene compositions.
• the present invention furthermore aims at a possibility to avoid the use of the expensive low molecular weight nucleating agents, such as sorbitol-derived nucleating agents, without sacrificing the demands with respect to transparency.
• the present invention aims at finding less expensive possibilities to improve the transparency of a heterophasic propylene copolymer, which preferably is to be achieved using standard polymer processing devices.
• the present invention solves the above-outlined problems by providing a polyolefin composition as defined in claim 1.
• Preferred embodiments are defined in dependent sub- claims 2 to 9.
• the present invention furthermore defines a process for preparing the polyolefin composition as defined in claim 10.
• the present invention provides the method for improving the haze value of a heterophasic propylene copolymer as defined in claim 11 and the use of low-density polyethylene for improving the haze value of a heterophasic propylene copolymer as defined in claim 12. Further embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail in the following description. The examples as contained therein are to be considered as illustrative but not limiting. Description of the figures
• Figure 1 shows the correlation between haze and tensile modulus for examples and comparative examples.
• Figure 2 shows the relationship between haze and thickness for further examples.
• Figure 3 shows the results of haze measurements (injection moulded plaques having thickness of 1 mm) of the examples and comparative examples as contained in the application.
• the polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention contains three essential components, a heterophasic propylene copolymer, a polymeric nucleating agent and low-density polyethylene.
• these essential components of the present invention are explained in detail below, together with further embodiments of the present invention, processes for preparing the polyolefin composition as well as processes for preparing the components of the polyolefin composition of the present invention and the method and use as defined in the claims.
• the polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention comprises at least 80 wt% (based on the total polyolefin composition) of a heterophasic propylene copolymer.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer is contained in the polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention in amounts of at least 85 wt%, at least 90 wt% and, in particular, about 95 wt%.
• Suitable upper limits for the content of the heterophasic propylene copolymer are 99.8 wt% and in other embodiments 96 wt% and, in particular, about 95 wt%.
• the present invention contemplates contents of heterophasic propylene copolymer in the polyolefin composition of the present invention in a range of from 80 to 99.8 wt%, and in embodiments from 85 to 96 wt%, from 90 to 96 wt% and in other embodiments about 95 wt%.
• heterophasic propylene copolymer as employed in the present application defines a copolymer comprising a matrix phase and a dispersed phase.
• the matrix phase usually comprises from about 75 to 95 wt% of the heterophasic propylene copolymer while the dispersed phase amounts to 5 to 25 wt% of the heterophasic propylene copolymer.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer to be employed in accordance with the present invention may be any suitable and conventional heterophasic propylene copolymer known to the skilled person.
• bimodal or multimodal propylene copolymer components can be obtained, for example by mechanical blending including mixing and melt blending processes and any combinations thereof as well as in-situ blending during the polymerisation process of the propylene polymer component(s), or any combination of mechanical and in-situ blending.
• heterophasic propylene copolymers may be prepared in any known manner, including sequential polymerization reactions, wherein the components are blended together in-situ during their preparation process, the above mentioned mechanical blending processes as well as a combination of in-situ blending and mechanical blending. Sequential polymerisation reactions are preferred for preparing the heterophasic propylene copolymer to be employed in the present invention.
• the modality of the matrix phase with respect to molecular weight distribution and thus with respect to melt flow ratio is not critical.
• the polypropylene matrix phase in accordance with the present invention may be unimodal or multimodal including bimodal with respect to molecular weight distribution.
• the polypropylene matrix phase of the invention may also be multimodal with respect to comonomer distribution.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer to be employed in accordance with the present invention may thus comprise a matrix phase comprising only one propylene polymer component or the matrix phase may comprise more than one propylene polymer, such as two, three or four different propylene polymers.
• the matrix phase comprises at least two propylene polymer components.
• the matrix phase usually comprises at least one propylene homopolymer or a propylene copolymer and/or a further propylene copolymer.
• the matrix phase comprises at least two propylene polymer components, preferably either (i) a propylene homopolymer or a propylene random copolymer in combination with (ii) a propylene random copolymer.
• the propylene polymer components for the matrix phase may be combined in any suitable manner, preferably, by preparing the matrix phase as in-situ reactor blend, i.e. by preparing the different components of the matrix phase during subsequent polymerization steps in suitable reactor arrangements.
• the matrix phase may be combined by mechanical (melt) blending different propylene polymer components.
• random copolymer By the term “random copolymer” is meant herein that the comonomer in said copolymer is distributed randomly, i.e. by statistical insertion of the comonomer units, within the copolymer chain. Said term “random” copolymer is generally known and used in the art and abbreviated herein below as “polypropylene copolymer”.
• the dispersed phase i.e. the elastomeric rubber phase
• the dispersed phase may comprise one suitable elastomeric copolymer or more than one, such as two, three or four.
• Such multimodal dispersed phases may in particular be multimodal concerning comonomer content, molecular weight distribution and/or XS content.
• Such multimodal dispersed phases may either be prepared by compounding individual polymers or by suitably preparing the polymers in a series of reactors.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer to be employed in accordance with the present invention comprises a dispersed phase comprising one elastomeric rubbery polymer phase. Suitable and preferred embodiments of the heterophasic propylene copolymer are discussed in the following.
• the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer to be used in accordance with the present invention furthermore is characterized in that it comprises up to 10 weight% of ethylene and/or at least one C 4 -C 8 ⁇ -olefin.
• the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer comprises 1 to 10 weight% (wt%), preferably amounts to up to 6 wt%, for example 1 to 6 wt%, or 2 to 5.5 wt%, of ethylene based on the total weight of the matrix component.
• the matrix phase comprises preferably 2 to 8 mol% or 3 to 7 mol% of C 4 -C 8 ⁇ - olefin.
• the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer comprises, in addition to propylene, only ethylene as further matrix component.
• component (i) and (ii) of the matrix phase it furthermore is preferred when component (i) has a lower xylene soluble fraction than component (ii). Generally, stiffness is lowered and impact strength is increased with increasing the fraction of xylene soluble in component (ii).
• component (i) of the matrix component of the heterophasic propylene copolymer in accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention is a propylene copolymer
• the ethylene amount of component (i) is not more than 4 wt%, preferably 1.5 to 2 wt%, based on the total ethylene amount of the matrix component of the heterophasic propylene copolymer.
• the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer may be unimodal or multimodal, i.e. the different components of the matrix phase may either show similar molecular weight distributions or different molecular weight distributions (and accordingly also MFR 2 values).
• Multimodal includes bimodal molecular weight distribution. It is preferred when the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer has at least bimodal molecular weight distribution.
• Such a preferred embodiment can be realized by providing a matrix phase having a broad molecular weight distribution and comprising the at least two propylene polymer components (i) and (ii) with different weight average molecular weights (MW) and, thus, with different melt flow ratios (MFR 2 ).
• Such an embodiment may be exemplified by a mixture of a lower molecular weight component with a higher molecular weight component.
• the lower molecular weight (LMW) component has a higher MFR 2 than the higher molecular weight (HMW) component.
• the LMW component is the at least one component (i) while the HMW component is the at least one component (ii). In embodiments, this order, however, may also be reversed.
• the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer is bimodal, comprising a LMW component and a HMW component.
• the amount of the LMW component is typically between 30 to 70 wt%, preferably 40 to 60 wt% of the total amount of the matrix phase.
• the amount of the HMW component is typically between 30 to 70 wt%, preferably 40 to 60 wt% of the total amount of the matrix phase.
• the ratio (MFR 2 of LMW component) to (MFR 2 of HMW component) is typically at least 3, preferably at least 4, more preferably at least 10, and in some end applications even at least 15 is desired.
• the upper limit of said ratio may be up to 200, preferably up to 100.
• the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer is multimodal, including bimodal, with respect to the comonomer distribution.
• the matrix component preferably comprises at least two different propylene polymer components, i.e. at least one component in accordance with definition (i) and at least one component in accordance with definition (ii).
• the matrix component may comprise more than one component of each of the components (i) and (ii) as defined above.
• At least one of components (i) and (ii) is a copolymer.
• the comonomer content and/or the type of comonomer may differ.
• any mixtures of propylene with different comonomer of at least one copolymer component of the matrix are covered herein.
• the matrix phase in accordance with the present invention preferably shows an MFR 2 (ISO 1133, at 23O 0 C, 2,16 kg load) of from 0.5 to 50 g/10 min, such as from 5 to 30 g/10 min and in embodiments from 7 to 20 g/10 min.
• MFR 2 ISO 1133, at 23O 0 C, 2,16 kg load
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer to be employed in accordance with the present invention furthermore comprises a dispersed elastomeric rubber phase.
• This dispersed phase (rubber phase) makes up to 25 wt% of the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer. Suitable ranges are 5 to 25 wt% and in embodiments also 10 to 15 wt%.
• the dispersed phase comprises an elastomeric copolymer of propylene and one or more olefin comonomer, comprising from 20 to 80 wt% of olefin comonomer.
• the olefin comonomer is preferably ethylene and/or C 4 -C 8 alpha-olefin. Suitable amounts of ethylene or C 4 -C 8 alpha-olefin in the elastomeric propylene copolymer are accordingly 20 to 80 wt%, 25 to 50 wt% or 30 to 40 wt% of ethylene or C 4 -C 8 alpha-olefin, or any mixture thereof.
• the comonomer is ethylene.
• the dispersed phase includes also terpolymers of propylene and two different olefin comonomers, such as with ethylene and a C 4 -C 8 alpha-olefin.
• olefin comonomers such as with ethylene and a C 4 -C 8 alpha-olefin.
• the total amount of comonomer is preferably as given above for individual comonomers.
• the dispersed phase i.e. the ethylene rubber copolymer is an ethylene propylene rubber (EPR).
• EPR materials are more cost-effective than rubbers with higher ⁇ -olefins and they can either be synthesized in a final step of a multi-step process, where the first steps synthesize the matrix polymer, or they can be mechanically blended with the matrix polymer in a separate melt blending step.
• the intrinsic viscosity of the dispersed phase is preferably equal to or smaller then the intrinsic viscosity of the matrix phase. Such an embodiment may lead to an improvement of the dispersion of the dispersed phase in the matrix phase.
• the MFR 2 of matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer is from 0.5 to 1.2 times the overall MFR 2 of the heterophasic propylene copolymer.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer as disclosed above suitably displays an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the xylene soluble fraction (XS) of 2.5 dl/g or less, with a preferred lower limit of 1 dl/g.
• IV intrinsic viscosity
• XS xylene soluble fraction
• a suitable range for example, is 1.3 to 2 dl/g.
• the total xylene soluble fraction of the heterophasic propylene copolymer suitably amounts up to 60 wt% of the heterophasic propylene copolymer, for example, 5 to 60 wt%, in embodiments 7 to 60 wt% and in other embodiments 7 to 40 wt%, 7 to 30 wt% or 12 to 40 wt%.
• the xylene soluble fraction of the matrix phase amounts up to 35 wt%, and in embodiments 2 to 5 wt% or 2 to 15 wt%. This value can be appropriately adjusted by measures known to the skilled person in the art depending on the desired end application.
• the xylene soluble fraction of the dispersed phase amounts up to 25 wt%, in embodiments 5 to 25 wt%, and also 10 to 25 wt%.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer to be employed in accordance with the present invention may be prepared in any suitable manner known to the skilled person in the art, including mechanical blending processes as well as, preferably, sequential polymerization processes.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer is a reactor made heterophasic propylene polymer.
• Reactor made heterophasic propylene copolymer means herein a reaction product which is obtained from a polymerization reaction sequentially polymerizing the different components of the heterophasic propylene copolymer.
• any polymerization method including solution, slurry and bulk polymerization or gas phase polymerization can be used, in any desired order.
• Bulk polymerization defines in the present application a polymerization in a reaction medium comprising at least 60 wt% monomer.
• the matrix When the matrix is unimodal with respect to the molecular weight distribution and comonomer distribution, it may be prepared in a single stage process e.g. as slurry or gas phase process in a slurry or gas phase reactor. Preferably, the unimodal matrix is polymerised as a slurry polymerisation. Alternatively, the unimodal matrix may be produced in a multistage process using at each stage process conditions which result in similar polymer properties.
• the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer to be used in accordance with the present invention comprises preferably components (i) and (ii) as defined above may be prepared by polymerizing, in a slurry reactor, for example a loop reactor, propylene monomers optionally together with one or more comonomers, in the presence of a polymerization catalyst to produce component (i) of the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer.
• This component (i) is then transferred to a subsequent gas phase reactor, wherein in the gas phase reactor propylene monomers are reacted in the presence of suitably selected comonomers in order to produce component (ii) in the presence of the reaction product of the first step.
• This reaction sequence provides a reactor blend of components (i) and (ii) constituting the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer. It is of course possible by the present invention that the first reaction is carried out in a gas phase reactor while the second polymerization reaction is carried out in a slurry reactor, for example a loop reactor. It is furthermore also possible to reverse the order of producing components (i) and (ii), which has been described above in the order of first producing component (i) and then producing component (ii).
• the above-discussed process comprising at least two polymerization steps, is advantageous in view of the fact that it provides easily controllable reaction steps enabling the preparation of a desired reactor blend of the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer.
• the polymerization steps may be adjusted, for example by appropriately selecting monomer feed, comonomer feed, hydrogen feed, temperature and pressure in order to suitably adjust the properties of the polymerization products obtained. It is in particular possible to obtain the preferred multimodality, preferably the bimodality, of the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer, with respect to the ethylene distribution as well as with respect to the molecular weights and MFR 2 values of the matrix phase components during said multistage polymerization procedures.
• Such a process can be carried out using any suitable catalyst for the preparation of propylene monomers, including.
• the process as discussed above is carried out using a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, in particular a high yield Ziegler-Natta catalyst (so called fourth and fifth generation type to differentiate from low yield, so called second generation Ziegler-Natta catalysts).
• a suitable Ziegler-Natta catalyst to be employed in accordance with the present invention comprises a catalyst component, a co-catalyst component and at least one electron donor (internal and/or external electron donor, preferably at least one external donor).
• the catalyst component is a Ti-Mg- based catalyst component and typically the co-catalyst is an Al-alkyl biased compound.
• Suitable catalysts are in particular disclosed in US 5,234,879, WO 92/19653, WO 92/19658 and WO 99/33843, incorporated herein by reference.
• a suitable Ziegler-Natta catalyst to be employed in accordance with the present invention comprises a catalyst component, a co-catalyst component and at least one electron donor (internal and/or external electron donor, preferably at least one external donor).
• the catalyst component is a Ti-Mg based catalyst component and typically the co-catalyst is an Al-alkyl based compound.
• Suitable catalysts are in particular disclosed in US 5,234,879, WO 92/19653, WO 92/19658 and WO 99/33843, incorporated herein by reference.
• Preferred external donors are the known silane-based donors, such as dicyclopentyl dimethoxy silane or cyclohexyl methyldimethoxy silane.
• a loop-gas phase process such as developed by Borealis, known as Borstar ® technology, described for example in EP 0887379 A1 and WO 92/12182, incorporated herein by reference.
• the reaction product of the slurry polymerization which preferably is carried out in a loop reactor, is then transferred to the subsequent gas phase reactor, wherein the temperature preferably is within the range of from 50 0 C to 130 0 C, more preferably 60°C to 100 0 C, at a pressure in the range of from 5 to 50 bar, preferably 15 to 35 bar, again with the option of adding hydrogen in order to control the molecular weight.
• the residence time can vary in the reactor zones identified above.
• the residence time in the slurry reaction for example the loop reactor, is in the range of from 0.5 to 5 hours, for example 0.5 to 2 hours, while the residence time in the gas phase reactor generally will be from 1 to 8 hours.
• the properties of the matrix phase produced with the above-outlined process may be adjusted and controlled with the process conditions as known to the skilled person, for example by one or more of the following process parameters: temperature, hydrogen feed, comonomer feed, propylene feed, catalyst, type and amount of external donor, split between two or more components of a multimodal polymer.
• the matrix phase produced in accordance with the preferred process discussed above is then transferred into a further reactor, preferably a gas phase reactor in order to polymerize an elastomeric propylene copolymer component, i.e. the dispersed phase, in the presence of the matrix phase.
• a further reactor preferably a gas phase reactor in order to polymerize an elastomeric propylene copolymer component, i.e. the dispersed phase, in the presence of the matrix phase.
• a reactor blend comprising the matrix phase and the dispersed phase obtained with such a multistage polymerization process, preferably comprising a first slurry polymerization followed by at least two gas phase polymerization, is a preferred heterophasic propylene copolymer to be employed in accordance with the present invention.
• the process e.g. comonomer content and MFR, are controlled in a known manner.
• the polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention furthermore comprises a polymeric nucleating agent.
• a polymeric nucleating agent may be employed in accordance with the present invention, preferably vinyl cycloalkanes and/or vinyl alkanes.
• Other nucleating agents are preferably not present in the polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention.
• the polyolefin composition of the present invention does not contain low molecular weight nucleating agents, which are detrimental in that they are costly and may show undesirable migration properties, renderein compositions containing such low molecular weight nucleating agents unsuitable for applications having high and stringent purity requirements and regulations, such as medicinal and food applications.
• Typical examples of low molecular weight nucleating agents which are preferably not contained in the polyolefin composition of the present invention are sorbitol derived nucleating agents, metal salts of aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acids, and phosphate salt derived nucleating agents.
• Suitable examples of a polymeric nucleating agent to be employed in the present invention is a vinyl polymer, such as a vinyl polymer derived from monomers of the formula
• R 1 and R 2 together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated or aromatic ring or a fused ring system, wherein the ring or fused ring moiety contains four to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 12 membered saturated or unsaturated or aromatic ring or a fused ring system or independently represent a linear or branched C4-C30alkane, C4-C20cycloalkane or C4- C20aromatic ring.
• Preferred vinyl compounds for the preparation of a polymeric nucleating agent to be used in accordance with the present invention are, in particular vinyl cycloalkanes, in particular vinyl cyclohexane (VCH), vinyl cyclopentane, and vinyl-2-methyl cyclohexane, 3-methyl-1- butene, 3-ethyl-1 -hexene, 3-methyl-1 -pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene or mixtures thereof.
• VCH is a particularly preferred monomer.
• the polymeric nucleating agent usually is present in the final product of the present invention in amounts more than 15 ppm (based on the weight of the polypropylene composition), such as from 15 to 1000 ppm, suitably in amounts of more than 20 ppm, preferably 20 to 700 ppm, more preferably 20 to 400 ppm, for example 30 to 350 ppm, based on the weight the heterophasic propylene copolymer. It is also possible that the polymeric nucleating agent is present in the final product in a range of from 20 to 800 ppm, more preferably in an amount of more than 50 ppm, such as 100 to 600 ppm, depending on the end use application and i.a. on the transparency desired.
• the polymeric nucleating agent to be employed in accordance with the present invention may be introduced into the polyolefin composition of the present invention by any suitable means, for example by mechanical blending processes using master batches of nucleating agent in a suitable polymer.
• polypropylene composition of the present invention by sequential polymerization processes, wherein the single components of the polypropylene composition are prepared, one after the other, in the presence of the already prepared components.
• a process for preparing the polypropylene composition is preferred and yields a reactor blend or reactor made polymer composition, which means herein the reaction product obtained from a polymerization reaction wherein, for example, the heterophasic propylene copolymer component is polymerized in the presence of the polymeric nucleating agent.
• the reactor made polymer composition defines a different embodiment compared to a mechanical blend of a polymer with a nucleating agent, wherein the polymer is first produced in the absence of a polymeric nucleating agent and is then blended mechanically with the polymeric nucleating agent or with a small amount of nucleated polymer (so-called master batch technology) in order to introduce the polymeric nucleating agent into the polymer mixture.
• the preparation of a reactor made polymer composition ensures the preparation of a homogenous mixture of the components, for example a homogenously distributed polymeric nucleating agent in the polypropylene composition, even at high concentrations of polymer nucleating agent.
• the reactor made polymer composition is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, although also mechanical blends prepared, for example, by using master batch technology are envisaged by the present invention.
• the nucleating agent is introduced into the polyolefin composition of the present invention during the polymerization of the heterophasic propylene copolymer, either by introducing into the polymerization reaction an already prepared polymeric nucleating agent as a separate agent or by introducing the polymeric nucleating agent, in particular a vinyl cycloalkane, in particular vinyl cyclohexane, to together with the catalyst for the preparation of the heterophasic propylene composition.
• the polymeric nucleating agent is introduced into the polypropylene composition by means of a suitably modified catalyst, i.e. the catalyst to be used in catalysing the polymerisation of the propylene copolymer is subjected to a polymerisation of a suitable monomer for the polymeric nucleating agent to produce first said polymeric nucleating agent.
• the catalyst is then introduced together with the obtained polymeric nucleating agent to the actual polymerisation step of the propylene copolymer component(s).
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer is prepared in the presence of such a modified catalyst to obtain said reactor made propypropylene composition.
• the ratio of catalyst to monomer for the polymeric nucleating agent By appropriately selecting the ratio of catalyst to monomer for the polymeric nucleating agent, it is possible to tailor the amount of nucleating agent introduced into the heterophasic propylene composition.
• the introduction of the polymeric nucleating agent into the polyolefin composition of the present invention by means of using a prepolymerization step of the catalyst for the preparation of the heterophasic propylene composition with a suitable vinyl cycloalkane monomer is particular preferred in view of the fact that such a process enables a very good and even distribution of nucleating agent throughout the matrix phase of the heterophasic propylene composition, so that satisfactory nucleating effects are obtained with lesser amounts of nucleating agent, compared with melt blending processes employing master batches of nucleating agent in a suitable polymer.
• a preferred polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention accordingly is obtainable by preparing the heterophasic propylene copolymer in the presence of a modified catalyst, wherein the modified catalyst is obtainable by polymerizing a vinyl compound having the formula
• the present invention furthermore provides a catalyst, suitable for the preparation of the heterophasic propylene copolymer, wherein the polymerization catalyst is obtainable by polymerizing a vinyl compound of the formula
• R 1 and R 2 are as defined herein, at a weight ratio of the vinyl compound to polymerization catalyst amounting to 2 or more, in the presence of said catalyst, until the concentration of unreacted vinyl compound is less than about 0.5 wt%.
• the preferred embodiments as described previously in the present application with respect to the vinyl compound also apply with respect to the polymerization catalyst of the present invention.
• Suitable reaction conditions for the modification of a polymerization catalyst with a vinyl compound are as defined in the two above-mentioned international publications, i.e. WO 99/24478, WO 99/24478, and particularly WO 00/68315 which are incorporated in that respect herein.
• the weight ratio of vinyl compound to polymerization catalyst in the modification step of the polymerization catalyst preferably is of 0.8 or more, more preferably of 0.8 to 2.
• higher amounts of the polymeric nucleation agent may be desired in some applications for further increasing the transparency, e.g. weight ratio of vinyl compound to polymerization catalyst of 2 or more, preferably of 3 or more, such as of 3.5 to 15.
• weight ratio of vinyl compound to polymerization catalyst of 2 or more, preferably of 3 or more, such as of 3.5 to 15.
• even ssaid ratio may amount (vinyl compound:polymerisation catalyst) of 4.0 to 40, such as 5.0 to 15, may be desired.
• Suitable catalysts which may be modified as outlined above are in particular Ziegler Natta catalysts, and in this respect reference is made to the above discussion.
• the preferred embodiments outlined there also apply concerning the modified catalyst of the present invention.
• the polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention furthermore comprises a low density polyethylene component.
• a low density polyethylene to be employed in accordance with the present invention comprises herein low density polyethylene obtained by high pressure polymerization reactions, commonly designated LDPE, as well as linear low density polyethylene obtained by a low pressure polymerization reaction, commonly designated LLDPE.
• the catalyst useful for preparing LLDPE can be any coordination catalyst for polyethylene polymerisation, such as Ziegler Natta, Chromium or single site including metallocenes and non-metallocenes LDPE, however, is the preferred low density polyethylene component to be employed in accordance with the present invention.
• LDPE can be prepared by high pressure autoclave or tubular reactor. LDPE and LLDPE are well known and documented polyethylene polymers.
• a suitable low density polyethylene to be employed in accordance with the present invention is a low density polyethylene having an MFR 2 (ISO 1133, at 190 0 C at 2.16 kg loading) value of from 0.5 to 30, preferably 3 to 15, and in particular 4 to 10.
• the density of the low-density polyethylene to be employed in accordance with the present invention preferably is from 900 to 940 kg/m 3 , with suitable ranges being 905 to 930 kg/m 3 , and in embodiments suitable densities for LDPE are also 910 to 925 kg/m 3 .
• the low density polyethylene is used in the polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention in an amount of up to 20 wt% of the total polyolefin composition.
• the polyolefin composition of the present invention comprises from 1 to 20 wt% low density polyethylene, suitable amounts furthermore are 2 to 15 wt% as well as 5 to 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition comprising the components as defined in claim 1.
• the amount of low density polyethylene is selected so that the amount of low density polyethylene corresponds to the amount of the xylene soluble fraction of the dispersed phase of the heterophasic propylene copolymer.
• the weight ratio of low density polyethylene to xylene soluble fraction of the dispersed phase is within the range of from 2:1 to 1:2, more preferably 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, and in particular preferably about 1:1.
• the weight ratio of low density polyethylene to xylene soluble fraction in the dispersed phase is adjusted to values ranging from 1:2 to 1:6, such as illustrated in Examples 1 to 5, wherein the weight ratio of low density polyethylene to xylene soluble fraction in the dispersed phase is below 0.5, in particular lower than 0.45, and in embodiments as low as 0.20.
• the low density polyethylene component to be employed in the polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention preferably is blended mechanically with the other polyolefin composition components using suitable and well-known blending steps, such mixing and melting steps and any combinations thereof.
• the low density component in a form of powder or pellets is typically blended together or separately with the additives to the heterophasic polypropylene component(s) containing the polymeric nucleating agent, preferably to the reactor made heterophasic polypropylene component, which can also be in the form of powder or pellets.
• the obtained mixture is preferably mixed followed by melt mixing, preferably using standard polymer processing equipment, such as single- or preferably twin-screw extruders.
• the processing conditions are selected in a known manner in accordance with the properties of the components of the polyolefin composition in order to enable a sufficient mixing of the components without giving rise to degradation reactions due to temperatures or pressures being too high.
• the polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention comprising the essential components as defined above, surprisingly displays an improved haze value, compared with a polyolefin composition not comprising the low density polyethylene component.
• the examples as contained in the present application clearly show that the addition of 5 wt% low density polyethylene increases the haze values of a nucleated heterophasic propylene composition from values of about 90% (no transparency) to values as low as 75 to 65%.
• the transparency can be increased by increasing the amount of linear Io density polyethylene.
• the optical properties of the polyolefin composition of the invention can thus be further optimised by adjusting the amount of low density polyethylene component.
• the difference between the haze value of a polyolefin composition of the invention, comprising the heterophasic copolymer component, nucleating agent and low density polyethylene component, and a the same polyolefin composition without the low density polyethylene component is of at least 10%, preferably at least 15%.
• the haze of the final polyolefin composition of the invention corresponds to the following relationship HAZE (1 mm thickness) ⁇ 88 e ( -° 033X) %,
• X amount of low density polyethyelene in the final composition, wt% (e is the base of the natural logarithm, i.e. approx. 2.718).
• low density polyethylene also improves the impact properties of the polyolefin composition, as evidenced in the examples as contained in the present specification (values for charpy, notched at room temperature and at -20 0 C).
• the polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention shows, as illustrated in the examples, several thermal transitions when examined by DSC.
• the highest peak correlates to the melting temperature T m of the polypropylene component of the matrix phase, which preferably is adjusted to values of 160 0 C or higher, such as about 162°C or more.
• the DSC measurements show a thermal transition corresponding to the crystallisation temperature T cr of sail polypropylene component of the matrix phase, which preferably is 125°C or more.
• the invention thus provides a further, very advantageous alternative for improving the transparency without using low molecular weight nucleating agents. This may be highly beneficial e.g. in medical and food applications with strict requirements for purity of the material.
• the present invention provides an alternative method for improving transparency of a heterophasic, polymer nucleated propylene copolymer.
• the present invention furthermore also provides an advantageous property balance of transparency, impact and stiffness.
• the polyolefin compositions in accordance with the present invention may be employed suitably for the known applications for polyolefin compositions, in particular polyolefin compositions comprising heterophasic propylene copolymers.
• Suitable end uses are in particular moulding and film applications, for example obtained by converting the polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention by thermoforming processes.
• Suitable end products may accordingly be used in the packaging industry, for deep-freeze applications, such as cups, trays, lids etc. any other application, however, is also envisaged by the present application, in particular end applications wherein the improved properties of the polyolefin composition in accordance with the present invention may suitably be employed.
• the polyolefin composition of the present invention may in particular be used for the manufacture of moulded and extruded articles, in particular articles produced by injection moulding, compression moulding, thermoforming, blow moulding or foaming.
• the polyolefin composition of the present invention is suitable for preparing sheets or films as well as cups, pails, bottles, containers, boxes, automotive parts, appliances, technical articles, caps, closures, lids, pipes, tubes, cables etc.
• the polyolefin composition of the present invention in the form of powder, fluff, spheres, pellets etc. may be melt blended, compounded and pelletised with additives, fillers conventionally used in the art.
• suitable additives include antioxidants, acid scavengers, antistatic agents, light and heat stabilisers, lubricants, nucleating agents, clarifying agents, pigments and other colouring agents, In some applications fillers, particularly small amounts of nanofillers may also be used.
• the xylene soluble fraction (XS) as defined and described in the present invention is determined as follows: 2.0 g of polymer are dissolved in 250 mm p-xylene at 135°C under agitation. After 30 ⁇ minutes, the solution was allowed to cool for 15 minutes at ambient temperature and then allowed to settle for 30 minutes at 25 ⁇ 0.5 0 C. The solution was filtered with filter paper into two 100 mm flask. The solution from the first 100 mm vessel was evaporated in nitrogen flow and the residue dried under vacuum at 9O 0 C until constant weight is reached. Xylene soluble fraction (percent) can then be determined as follows:
• XS% (100 x mi X vo)/(m o x V 1 ), wherein m 0 designates the initial polymer amount (grams), In 1 defines the weight of residue (grams), V 0 defines the initial volume (milliliter) and vi defines the volume of analyzed sample (milliliter).
• AM% (100 x Hi 1 X vo)/(m 0 x V 1 )
• m 0 designates the initial polymer amount (grams)
• mi defines the weight of residue (grams)
• V 0 defines the initial volume (milliliter)
• V 1 defines the volume of analyzed sample (milliliter).
• IV value is increasing with the molecular weight of a polymer.
• IV of AM measured according to ISO 1628.
• MFR 2 unless otherwise specified is measured MFR 2 in accordance with ISO 1133 (23O 0 C 1 2.16 kg load).
• MFR 2 in case of low density polyethylene component as defined above, MFR 2 is determined according to ISO 1133 at 190 0 C at 2.16 kg loading.
• Comonomer content (weight percent) is determined in a known manner based on FTIR, calibrated with C13NMR.
• Multimodality including bimodality with respect to the comonomer distribution can be demonstrated using the results of the analysis with respect to the comonomer content.
• Modality with respect to the molecular weight distribution can be determined in a usual manner employing size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
• Crystallization temperature and degree of crystallinity are measured with a Mettler TA820 differential scanning colorimetry device (DSC) on 3 ⁇ 0.5 mg samples. Crystallization and melting temperatures are obtained during 10°C/min cooling and heating scans between 30 0 C and 225°C. Melting and crystallization temperatures were taken as the peaks of endotherms and exotherms. The degree of crystallinity is calculated by comparison with the heat or fusion of a perfectly crystalline polypropylene, i.e. 209 J/g.
• Instrumental falling weight impact is measured according to ISO 6603-2 using 2 mm injection moulded plaques with a diameter of 60 mm.
• Charpy notched impact is measured according to ISO 179 (room temperature, if not otherwise mentioned) and at -20 0 C using injection molded test specimen as described in EN ISO 1873-2 (80 x 10 x 4 mm).
• Tensile strength including tensile stress at yield and strain at yield, is measured according to ISO 572-2 (cross head speed 50 mm/min).
• Tensile modulus is measured according to ISO 572-2 (cross head speed 1 mm/min).
• Haze and transparency are determined from 1 mm (or 2 mm when specified) injection molded plaque samples according to ASTMD 1003.
• the injection moulded samples (test specimen) were prepared under the following conditions: Barrel and nozzle temperature 200 0 C and mould surface temperature 38-40 0 C when injection moulding the samples.
• the examples of the invention as summarized in the tables below were prepared by melt blending of low density polyethylene in a conventional compounding device in a known manner using twin screw extruder (machine: Berstorff) having 25 mm screw, length/diameter [UD) of 25 and melt temperature of 220C°.
• Low density polyethylene, LDPE, components used in the examples were commercially available film grades, produced in a conventional manner in High Pressure autoclave.
• LDPE's are indicated in the table 2: LDPE1 which had MFR 2 (190 0 C, 2.16 kg load) of 4 g/10 min and density of 922 kg/m 3 , LDPE2 had MFR 2 (190°C, 2.16 kg load) of 15 g/10 min and density of 915 kg/m 3 Nucleated heterophasic propylene copolymers were prepared as outlined below. The comparative examples were made from the same matrix material, but without adding any low density polyethylene. The heterophasic propylene copolymer is prepared in a continuous multistage process on a pilot scale plant comprising a loop reactor and fluidized bed gas phase reactors.
• the catalyst employed is a known, highly active stereospecific transesterified magnesium chloride supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst prepared as described in WO 99/24479 except that the weight ratio of vinyl cyclohexane (VCH) to catalyst was 1 :1 and that the catalyst was contacted with triethyl aluminum (TEAI) as co-catalyst and an external donor (dicyclopentyl dimethoxysilane) with an Al/donor mole ratio of 7.
• TEAI triethyl aluminum
• dicyclopentyl dimethoxysilane dicyclopentyl dimethoxysilane
• propylene and hydrogen are fed together with the activated catalyst into the loop reactor which operated as a bulk reactor at conditions as given in the tables below (production of loop fraction).
• the polymer slurry stream was fed from the loop reactor into the gas phase reactor and more propylene, ethylene and hydrogen were fed in the gas phase reactor (production of the gas phase reactor fraction in the presence of the loop fraction to obtain the matrix component).
• the polymerization conditions are given in the tables below.
• the rubber phase (dispersed phase) was produced with a C 2 /C 3 ratio varying between 400 and 800 mol/kmol, as specified in the table below. Intrinsic viscosity was adjusted with the hydrogen feed.
• the concentration of the PVCH nucleating agent in the resulting polymer product was 50 ppm.
• Example 1 shows that with the addition of about 15 wt% LDPE a decrease in stiffness of about 200 to 250 MPa can be realized. At the same time, haze is further improved (compare Example 1 and Example 1a).

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