EP1957864B1 - Tube de générateur de vapeur, procédé de fabrication associé et chaudière à vapeur à passage unique - Google Patents

Tube de générateur de vapeur, procédé de fabrication associé et chaudière à vapeur à passage unique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1957864B1
EP1957864B1 EP06819666.6A EP06819666A EP1957864B1 EP 1957864 B1 EP1957864 B1 EP 1957864B1 EP 06819666 A EP06819666 A EP 06819666A EP 1957864 B1 EP1957864 B1 EP 1957864B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
steam generator
wires
wall
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP06819666.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1957864A2 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Franke
Oliver Herbst
Holger Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP06819666.6A priority Critical patent/EP1957864B1/fr
Publication of EP1957864A2 publication Critical patent/EP1957864A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1957864B1 publication Critical patent/EP1957864B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/18—Inserts, e.g. for receiving deposits from water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generator tube with a spin-producing inner profile. It further relates to a continuous steam generator with such steam generator tubes. The invention further relates to a method for producing a steam generator tube provided with a swirl-producing inner profile.
  • Such steam generator tubes are z.
  • gas-tightly welded steam generator tubes are usually used with one another via webs to form a throttle cable surrounding the combustion chamber, which are connected in parallel for the flow of a flow medium.
  • tubes with separate, separate flat iron bars in between it is also possible to use tubes which are already factory-equipped with molded fins.
  • the steam generator tubes can be arranged vertically or obliquely.
  • the steam generator tubes are generally designed such that sufficient cooling of the steam generator tubes is ensured even at low mass flow densities of the steam generator tubes flowing medium.
  • An important design criterion is the heat transfer properties of a steam generator tube. A high heat transfer allows a particularly effective heating of the medium flowing through the steam generator tube with simultaneous reliable cooling of the steam generator tube per se.
  • the heat transfer behavior of a steam generator tube may be affected by the occurrence of so-called boiling crises in conventional steam generators, which are operated at subcritical pressures.
  • the pipe wall is no longer wetted by the liquid flow medium - usually water - and thus insufficiently cooled. As a result of too early drying could then reduce the strength values of the pipe wall.
  • steam generator tubes which have as a result of a deformation process (eg cold drawing) on its inside a surface structure or an inner profile in the form of helically wound ribs. Due to the shape of the ribs, a swirl is impressed on the medium flowing through the steam generator tube, so that the heavier liquid phase collects on the tube inner wall as a result of the acting centrifugal forces and forms a wetting liquid film there. This ensures a reliable heat transfer from the pipe inner wall to the flow medium even at comparatively high heat flux densities and low mass flow densities.
  • a deformation process eg cold drawing
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a steam generator tube of the aforementioned type, which has a particularly favorable heat transfer behavior with simple and inexpensive held production and a wide range of different operating conditions. Furthermore, a production method suitable for the production of such a steam generator tube as well as a continuous steam generator are to be specified, which has a particularly simple design with high operational safety and high efficiency.
  • the stated object is achieved according to the invention in that at least one insert is arranged in the tube interior to form a swirl-producing inner profile, wherein the insert comprises a plurality of wires which helically wind along the tube inner wall in the manner of a multi-start thread.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the multiphase flow should have a twist within a steam generator tube to improve the heat transfer, so that the liquid phase is guided due to the rotation of the pipe inner wall and this wets as evenly as possible.
  • suitable flow-guiding elements should be arranged inside the tube.
  • the flow guide is particularly favorable when on the one hand neither a "Überdrallen” nor too large pressure losses along the flow path occur, on the other hand, the swirl effect is still intense enough to the liquid phase of the flow medium over the entire pipe circumference to the pipe inner wall conduct.
  • the flow-guiding elements should be arranged substantially in the manner of an inner profile on the pipe inner wall and not or only slightly obstruct the pipe cross-section in the center.
  • the swirl-producing internal profile should be realized by tube fittings or inserts which can be made in the desired shape independently of the steam generator tubes and retrofitted into the tube.
  • wires or bands are provided which, after introduction into the steam generator tube, wind helically along the inner wall of the tube so that a substantial part of the tube cross-section remains free (more than 50%) and the steam in the interior of the tube thus remains free accumulate and can flow away.
  • the pitch angle of the respective wire is opposite a plane oriented perpendicular to the tube axis reference plane at least 30 ° and preferably at most 70 °. Especially advantageous is a pitch angle from the interval 40 ° to 55 °.
  • the respective wire has a round or a substantially rectangular cross-section.
  • the edges can be post-processed, so that it is possible to realize comparatively steep flank angles and sharp-edged transitions.
  • the wires can vary in diameter depending on the diameter of the steam generator tube and depending on the intended flow and temperature conditions. In general, a wire diameter or a mean cross-sectional dimension of 5% to 15% of the inner diameter of the smooth tube is advantageous.
  • the respective wire or the tube insert formed from the wires sits at the intended operating temperature of the steam generator tube due to its residual stress slip-resistant in the tube interior.
  • the wire material and the residual stress are thus matched to the geometric conditions that a creeping or slipping of the individual turns is prevented against each other.
  • the wires resting on the tube inner wall can be connected to each other via radial stiffening struts and / or to a central wire running along the tube axis.
  • a support core slipping of the individual spring courses is prevented even in a possible decrease in the wire or spring tension, so that the tube insert permanently retains its original shape and position in the steam generator tube.
  • a number of extending in the direction of the tube axis holding wires may be provided, which are respectively fixed to the pipe interior facing the side of the helically wound wires to this. In this way, a similar effect results as in the execution with the radial stiffening struts.
  • the stiffening struts and / or the retaining wires and / or the central wire comprehensive support core can be made of a lower compared to the swirl-producing, applied to the pipe inner wall wires inferior material, since it must be protected against corrosion or scaling, but not directly with the very high temperatures of the pipe inner wall is loaded.
  • an additional fixation is preferably provided in which the respective profile-forming wire is firmly connected at least at one point, preferably in the vicinity of its two ends, with the tube inner wall.
  • the solid compound is advantageously a high-temperature welded connection.
  • a more elaborate variant to be produced, but which ensures a particularly secure fixation comprises a plurality of distributed over the longitudinal extent of the respective wire spot welds.
  • the welding fixation can be produced particularly well if at least the wires resting on the pipe inner wall of the insert are made of a material having a composition similar to the pipe material.
  • the steam generator tubes described here are used in a fossil-heated continuous steam generator. Due to the swirl-producing inner profile of the tubes and the associated improvements in the heat transfer behavior, a sufficient heat transfer to the flow medium or cooling of the tube walls is ensured even in boiler designs with vertical pipe arrangement ("vertical pipe").
  • vertical pipe with a higher number of tubes and with relatively short pipe lengths allows due to the opposite obliquely or spirally arranged pipes lower flow rates and lower mass flow densities operation of the steam generator with reduced pressure loss and reduced minimum flow rate.
  • the steam generator comprehensive power plant can be designed for a lower minimum load.
  • the above-mentioned tube installations can also result in convective heating, such as is present in waste heat boilers of combined cycle power plants, due to the improved heat transfer to a reduction of the heat exchanger surface and thus to significant cost savings.
  • the above-mentioned object is achieved by inserting a plurality of tensioned wires into a smooth tube, the wires being arranged in the form of a multi-thread, and wherein the wires are relaxed to the point of insertion until their turns abut the pipe inner wall.
  • the multi-start helical spring formed by the pre-aligned wires is biased by being pulled apart or twisted, for example.
  • the insert is retracted into the tube. After its partial relaxation, it presses itself against the inner wall of the pipe.
  • the remaining residual stress of the wires is chosen so that no creep can take place at the intended operating temperature of the evaporator tube.
  • the wires are advantageously welded after their partial relaxation at least at one end to the pipe inner wall.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that with the new tube inserts a flexible, usable for all pipe materials flow guidance in the pipe interior results, which can be adjusted according to the need for heat transfer improvement. Due to the design flexibility brought about by the freely configurable parameters wire diameter, number of turns of the wire arrangement, pitch angle, flank angle and sharp edge, it is possible to set a swirl profile that varies over the length of the evaporator tube and is adapted exactly to the respective local heating. The manufacturing limitations of conventional finned tubes are bypassed. Especially with new power plant developments with higher design values for the steam parameters, the production of finned tubes becomes more and more complicated due to the higher chromium content of the new materials required for higher temperatures and pressures. Here, the new spin-producing internals replace the finned tube or allow such applications in the first place.
  • FIG. 1 schematically a continuous steam generator 2 is shown with a rectangular cross section, the vertical throttle cable is formed by a Um drawnsungs- or combustion chamber wall 4, which merges at the lower end in a funnel-shaped bottom 6.
  • a number of burners for a fuel in each case an opening 8, only two of which are visible, mounted in the combustion chamber wall 4 composed of steam generator tubes 10.
  • the vertically arranged steam generator tubes 10 are gas-tightly welded together in the firing zone V to form an evaporator heating surface 12.
  • one-turn boilers are also further boiler configurations, eg. B. in the manner of a two-pass boiler, possible.
  • the steam generator tubes to be described below can be used in all these variants, both in the firing area and in the rest of the flue gas duct. A use in a heat recovery steam generator is conceivable.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a sectional view a section of a pipe used for the bore of the combustion chamber 4 of the continuous steam generator 2 steam generator tube 10.
  • an insert 22 is introduced, which forms a spin-producing inner profile to improve the heat transfer behavior.
  • the insert 22 comprises three wires 24, which run along the tube inner wall 26 in the manner of a three-start thread with a constant pitch angle (and thus with a constant pitch). As a result of their residual stress, the wires 24 are firmly against the tube inner wall 26.
  • the wires 24 are each fixed at several points, in particular in the vicinity of their two ends, by spot welding to the tube inner wall 26.
  • the wires 24 are in the embodiment as well as the tube wall 28 of the female tube 20 receiving them from a highly heat-resistant metallic material with a high chromium content.
  • a highly heat-resistant metallic material with a high chromium content there are also other suitable materials which are familiar to the expert, for. Eg 13CrMo44.
  • the cross-sectional profile of the wires 24 is an important design criterion. In particular, due to the separate from the smooth tube 20 production of the respective Wire 24 whose height and width and the flank angle relative to the pipe inner wall 26 and the sharpness of the edges are arbitrarily specified.
  • the geometrical parameters are usually chosen similar to the ribs of conventional finned tubes.
  • a location-dependent adaptation and optimization can take place, which takes into account the course of the heating profile along the combustion chamber wall 4.
  • FIG. 3 shows a training of FIG. 2 known embodiment of the steam generator tube 10, in which the voltage applied to the tube inner wall 26 wires 24 are connected via welded radial stiffening struts 30 with a running along the tube axis central wire 32, so that slippage of the individual spring courses or wire turns against each other is effectively prevented even with decreasing spring action , Since the support core comprising the stiffening struts 30 and the central wire 32 is not exposed to temperatures as high as the swirl-producing wires 24 resting on the pipe inner wall 26, it is made of a less high-quality material.
  • each three of the thin radial reinforcing struts 30 are combined to form a regular star lying in a common cross-sectional plane through the steam generator tube 10.
  • Several of these stars are arranged at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction of the steam generator tube 10 in a row.
  • all stars are aligned the same, so that the corresponding stiffening struts 30 consecutively arranged stars come to lie congruent in cross section. As a result, the swirl flow in the pipe interior 18 is disturbed only insignificantly.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment, which also with the FIG. 3 known variant can be combined can.
  • three parallel to the tube axis extending holding wires 34 are provided which prevent slippage of the swirl-producing, helically wound wires 24.
  • the retaining wires 34 are viewed in cross-section evenly distributed over the inner tube circumference and each fixed to the pipe interior 18 facing side of the profiling wires 24 to the same.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Tube (10) de générateur de vapeur, dans lequel, pour former un profil intérieur produisant un tourbillonnement, au moins un insert (22) est disposé dans l'espace intérieur du tube, caractérisé en ce que l'insert (22) comprend une pluralité de fils (24) métalliques, qui s'enroulement hélicoïdalement sur la paroi (26) intérieure du tube à la manière d'un filetage à plusieurs filets.
  2. Tube (10) de générateur de vapeur suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel l'angle de pas du fil (24) par rapport à un plan de référence orienté perpendiculairement à l'axe du tube est d'au moins 30° et de préférence d'au plus 70°.
  3. Tube (10) de générateur de vapeur suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le fil (24) a une section transversale circulaire.
  4. Tube (10) de générateur de vapeur suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le fil (24) a une section transversale sensiblement rectangulaire.
  5. Tube (10) de générateur de vapeur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le fil (24) se tient, en raison de sa tension propre à la température de fonctionnement prévue, sans glisser à l'intérieur (18) du tube.
  6. Tube (10) de générateur de vapeur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel les fils (24) s'appliquant à la paroi (26) intérieure du tube sont reliés entre eux par des entretoises (30) radiales de rigidification et/ou par un fil (32) médian s'étendant le long de l'axe du tube.
  7. Tube (10) de générateur de vapeur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel il est prévu un certain nombre de fils de maintien, qui s'étendent dans la direction de l'axe du tube et qui, du côté des fils (24), tourné vers l'intérieur (18) du tube, sont immobilisés sur les fils (24).
  8. Tube (10) de générateur de vapeur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel le fil (24) est relié de manière fixe au moins à un endroit, de préférence à proximité de ses deux extrémités, à la paroi (26) intérieure du tube.
  9. Tube (10) de générateur de vapeur suivant la revendication 8, dans lequel la liaison fixe est un soudage.
  10. Tube (10) de générateur de vapeur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel au moins les parties de l'insert (22) s'appliquant à la paroi intérieure (26) du tube sont en un matériau ayant une composition semblable au matériau du tube.
  11. Tube (10) de générateur de vapeur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 10, comprenant une pluralité d'inserts (22), qui sont disposés dans des tronçons du tube distincts, chaque insert (22) étant adapté, par ses paramètres géométriques, au chauffage local prévu en fonctionnement et/ou aux conditions d'écoulement locales.
  12. Générateur (2) de vapeur à passage continu qui comprend un certain nombre de tubes (10) de générateur de vapeur constitués suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 11.
  13. Procédé de fabrication d'un tube (10) de générateur de vapeur pourvu d'un profil intérieur produisant un tourbillonnement, dans lequel une pluralité de fils (24) métalliques sous tension sont introduits dans un tube (20) lisse, caractérisé en ce que les fils (24) sont disposés à la manière d'un filetage à plusieurs pas et les fils (24) sont, après l'introduction, détendus jusqu'à ce que leurs spires s'appliquent à la paroi (26) intérieure du tube.
  14. Procédé suivant la revendication 13, dans lequel on soude les fils (24), après leur détente partielle, au moins à une extrémité, à la paroi (26) intérieure du tube.
EP06819666.6A 2005-12-05 2006-11-22 Tube de générateur de vapeur, procédé de fabrication associé et chaudière à vapeur à passage unique Active EP1957864B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06819666.6A EP1957864B1 (fr) 2005-12-05 2006-11-22 Tube de générateur de vapeur, procédé de fabrication associé et chaudière à vapeur à passage unique

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05026487A EP1793164A1 (fr) 2005-12-05 2005-12-05 Tube de générateur de vapeur, procédé de fabrication associé et chaudière à vapeur à passage unique
PCT/EP2006/068757 WO2007065790A2 (fr) 2005-12-05 2006-11-22 Tube de generateur de vapeur, procede de fabrication associe et generateur de vapeur en continu
EP06819666.6A EP1957864B1 (fr) 2005-12-05 2006-11-22 Tube de générateur de vapeur, procédé de fabrication associé et chaudière à vapeur à passage unique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1957864A2 EP1957864A2 (fr) 2008-08-20
EP1957864B1 true EP1957864B1 (fr) 2017-04-26

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EP05026487A Withdrawn EP1793164A1 (fr) 2005-12-05 2005-12-05 Tube de générateur de vapeur, procédé de fabrication associé et chaudière à vapeur à passage unique
EP06819666.6A Active EP1957864B1 (fr) 2005-12-05 2006-11-22 Tube de générateur de vapeur, procédé de fabrication associé et chaudière à vapeur à passage unique

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EP05026487A Withdrawn EP1793164A1 (fr) 2005-12-05 2005-12-05 Tube de générateur de vapeur, procédé de fabrication associé et chaudière à vapeur à passage unique

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Country Link
US (1) US8122856B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1793164A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4948543B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101332251B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101389904B (fr)
AR (1) AR056825A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2006324057B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0619408A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2632381A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2419029C2 (fr)
TW (1) TWI373594B (fr)
WO (1) WO2007065790A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200803925B (fr)

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KR20080081941A (ko) 2008-09-10
US8122856B2 (en) 2012-02-28
ZA200803925B (en) 2009-03-25
CN101389904B (zh) 2011-07-06
RU2419029C2 (ru) 2011-05-20
AU2006324057B2 (en) 2010-11-18
RU2008127369A (ru) 2010-01-20
JP2009518610A (ja) 2009-05-07
TW200730772A (en) 2007-08-16
JP4948543B2 (ja) 2012-06-06
WO2007065790A3 (fr) 2008-09-25
TWI373594B (en) 2012-10-01
CN101389904A (zh) 2009-03-18
BRPI0619408A2 (pt) 2011-10-04
KR101332251B1 (ko) 2013-11-25
WO2007065790A2 (fr) 2007-06-14
AR056825A1 (es) 2007-10-24
US20090095236A1 (en) 2009-04-16
EP1793164A1 (fr) 2007-06-06
EP1957864A2 (fr) 2008-08-20
AU2006324057A1 (en) 2007-06-14
CA2632381A1 (fr) 2007-06-14

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