EP1957337B1 - Arrangement for protecting track-bound land vehicles against impacting stones - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement for protecting a track-bound land vehicle against impacting stones. The arrangement has a screen (1, 3, 33) which extends over a surface which acts as a barrier against the impacting stone, with a material and/or a structure of the screen (1, 3, 33) being of elastic design so that a stone which strikes the screen (1, 3, 33) causes elastic deformation of the screen (1, 3, 33). Within the frame (3) of the screen (1, 3, 33) there is in particular a wire mesh, not illustrated in more detail in the figure. The supports (33) for supporting the arrangement against one or more objects are of elastic design.

Description

The invention relates to an arrangement for protection against rockfall for a track-bound land vehicles. In particular, the invention relates to the protection of rail vehicles in the high-speed sector, at speeds above 250 km / h.

Although in this description and in the appended claims only of rockfall is mentioned, so are also similar effects to understand that are achieved by pulse effects of other particles, for example by chunks of ice or loose parts on or along the driveways.

Railways for high-speed trains are nowadays often built using cast-concrete technology without a ballast bed. In such railways, the risk of stone chips per se is low. In some countries, such as As in Spain, France, Italy, but also railways with ballast bed are used for high-speed trains. In particular, devices in the area of the undercarriage and under the floor of towing vehicles and other vehicles are therefore exposed to increased rockfall. These facilities are for. For example, power converters, transformers and other attachments. Without protection devices, damage and even breakdowns and accidents could be expected over time.

One way to protect against stone chipping, is to arrange massive sheet metal aprons in front of the objects to be protected, the surfaces of the aprons are as possible oriented so that impinging stones obliquely strike the surface normal and deflected in directions that are suitable for other components of the Rail vehicle are harmless.

A disadvantage of such protective devices is the high weight that results from the high strength requirements resulting from the high kinetic energy of the trapped particles. In addition, especially towing vehicles, but also drawn cars should be suitable for both directions and therefore protections must be placed on both sides of the objects to be protected. In addition, the elements of the aprons are damaged over time and must then either be replaced or fulfill their protective function only limited. The latter can even lead to the protective device itself becoming a danger.

Another disadvantage is that such aprons obstruct the view of covered components and dismantled in the regular vehicle inspections and must be grown again.

From the low speed range, the use of thin sheets, Blechgittem or on the basis of elastomers or fiber reinforced materials executed protective devices is known. However, these devices are not suitable for the high-speed range.

The EP 1106467 A1 describes a protection for a rail vehicle with a deflector, which performs an elastic torsional movement under the action of impacting objects.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an arrangement for the protection of track-bound land vehicles from rockfalls and similar pulse effects, which leads to the largest possible reduction in the forces that are generated when a stone encounters the object to be protected with low dead weight.

This object is achieved by an arrangement having the features specified in claim 1.

An essential idea of the present invention is to make the protective arrangement elastic at least in some areas. If a stone or other object strikes the protective device or a part of the protective device, the impact leads to an elastic deformation and thus to a reduction of the maximum acting forces compared to a rigid arrangement. The occurrence of elastic deformation does not exclude that (in particular with very high impulses of the impinging particles) additionally also a plastic deformation of the shielding occurs.

In the inventor's first experiments, a solid steel element (eg, steel plate) was bombarded with particles to prevent stones from striking the surface to simulate the technology known solid protective elements. The tests have shown that steel elements must be several centimeters thick to provide sufficient protection at high speeds.

First, therefore, based on the basic idea of designing the shield elastically, metal plates were reinforced with rubber members, with the rubber surface being exposed to stone chipping. However, it was found that at high impact speeds of up to 350 km / h, such high energies in the rubber material were rapidly converted into heat, that the rubber material in its interior was overheated and lost its elastic properties. It has also been found that the forces acting on the support of the protective device could not be significantly reduced.

Therefore, it is proposed that the arrangement has a shield which extends over a surface acting as a barrier against the stone impact, wherein a material and / or a structure of the shield is elastic, so that an impacting on the shield stone elastic deformation of the shield causes.

As an elastic shield which can be installed in front of an object to be protected, a braid and / or fabric of wires and / or ropes (eg, wire rope made of a plurality of individual wires) is used. The surface above which the shield extends extends, therefore, is not a surface formed by a material but an imaginary or mathematical surface in space.

A braid or fabric is particularly easy to perform in relation to the achieved resistance. In addition, a tissue is usually itself elastically deformable. This is true in any case if (as is the case in a preferred embodiment) the wires and / or cables can be displaced elastically at least in places transversely to their longitudinal extension in the case of the expected impulse effects.

A particularly preferred embodiment of a shield which can be used for the arrangement according to the invention is made of CH 692 921 A5 known.

The preferred embodiment is described in the cited document with reference to Figure 1, wherein, however, the holder of the mesh of the wire mesh on the edge of the wire mesh according to the invention is preferably carried out differently. This will be discussed later. However, with respect to the wire mesh itself to the description of the CH 692 921 A5 With respect to the manner in which a wire mesh is formed from the various wires, the nominal strength of the wires and the material of the wires are referred to. Also, the wires may already be pre-bent helically in the manufacture of the wire mesh and then intertwined with each other, so that a regular wire mesh is formed with approximately square mesh.

Preferably, the wires are solid wires, which in turn do not consist of several individual wires. Also, the wires are preferably those made of high-strength steel, which are used, for example, in other applications for the production of wire ropes. For example, wires are used which have a nominal strength of between 1000 and 2000 N / mm ² according to DIN standard 2078. Preferably, the nominal strength is more than 1200 N / mm ² , more preferably more than 1600 N / mm ² . However, spring steel wires according to the DIN standard 17223 can also be used. The wire thickness is preferably at least 3 mm, in particular at least 4 mm. The thickness depends on the selected material and the desired tensile strength. If speeds of the track-bound vehicle of up to 350 km / h are expected, the thickness is for example 4 mm with a tensile strength of 1800 N / mm ² .

In contrast to that on the basis of FIG. 1 of the CH 692 921 A5 The wire mesh obtained by the loop formation at the mesh corners, by which the course of a wire changes in the plane of the braid, can also assume other values. For example, in a preferred embodiment it is about 150 °, so that an internal angle of the meshes of 30 ° is formed.

As well as out FIG. 2 of the CH 692 921 A5 As can be seen, the individual wires extend in their course before and after a loop formed with a neighboring wire in different planes, namely a first plane and a second plane, which run parallel to one another. The planes are spaced apart from each other.

In other words, the wires or ropes with adjacent wires or ropes form a plurality of loops, wherein the wires or ropes in their course before a Schline extend substantially in a first plane and extend after the loop substantially in a second plane and wherein first level and the second level parallel to each other.

According to the present invention, the distance between the two planes is preferably at least one wire diameter or one wire thickness. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the distance is at least twice, in particular at least three times the wire thickness.

Overall, therefore, a wire mesh is formed, which is not only a substantially flat structure, but occupies a three-dimensional volume. This property allows particularly high amplitude elastic deformation compared to the tensile strength and type of wires used. So it can be chosen very high tensile strength and relatively thick wires and yet the wire mesh can allow relatively high deformation amplitudes.

In addition, as experiments have shown, the wire mesh can break up impacting stones and other particles into smaller fragments. Even if some of these fragments pass through the wire mesh, the momentum is significantly reduced for two reasons. First, the mass of the fragments is less than the mass of the original particle. On the other hand, the speed is reduced when hitting the wire mesh. The size of the gaps between the wires can be chosen so that upon striking the largest possible stone, which can pass through a gap without interaction with the wires, and at the highest expected speed no unacceptable damage occurs.

Another advantage of a wire mesh over plate-shaped or sheet-like materials is their air permeability. Disturbing aerodynamic and aeroacoustic effects are therefore avoided. A corresponding optimization of the objects to be protected with respect to the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic properties is therefore not or only slightly removed by the shield.

Another advantage of a wire mesh is that its size (i.e., the size of the area over which the mesh forms a shield) can be easily customized for the particular case required. For example, a supplied wire mesh can be divided or reduced with relatively little effort. These properties make it possible, in particular, to subsequently install the wire mesh with already existing vehicles at a reasonable cost, since it is relatively easy to assemble. Furthermore, a wire mesh is easier to replace than solid plates.

If the elastic shield has a frame by which a resiliently configured shield member (eg, the wire mesh) is supported, the frame may optionally be tapered in the direction from which rockfall is expected. It can thus be achieved that stones striking the frame do not act with their full impulse on the frame, but are deflected and / or crushed or destroyed.

A further essential idea of the present invention is based on an embodiment of a support with which a shield (of whatever type, eg also a non-elastic shielding) can be attached to another object against stone chipping. The other object may be, for. B. to act on the object to be protected or even to another object. The support can also be referred to as a holder. According to the invention, the support is preferably designed to be elastic itself. Thus, rockfalls on any existing frame parts of the shield or on a non-elastic designed shielding with respect to their force on the object to be protected or on the other object can be reduced.

When a resiliently configured shield is supported by the support, this has the additional advantage of reducing the wear of the elastic shield due to the elasticity of the support.

Preferably, at least one elastic element (in particular at least one one-piece element made of elastomeric material) is used in the elastic support.

When a stone or other particle strikes the shield, the particle transfers at least a portion of its momentum to the shield. As a result, the shield, or at least a part thereof, performs a movement in which the elastic element is subjected to pressure and therefore elastically deformed until a state of maximum deformation is reached. Due to the elasticity is usually (unless now another impact has occurred or other external forces act) a counter-movement (movement with the reverse direction of movement) in order to undo the elastic deformation. Internal friction of the elastic element leads to a damping of this vibration.

It is further preferred that the elastic element is designed and arranged so that it also in the itself after a reversal of the direction of movement and return to the original (before action of the stone) existing rest position (at this moment a first half-cycle is completed) subsequent vibration half-cycle is elastically deformed and therefore further dampens the vibration. In this embodiment, the same elastic element dampens the vibration during the entire oscillation cycle. It is particularly preferred that in each vibration half cycle, a part of the elastic member is loaded to pressure, while another part of the elastic member is relieved and / or loaded on train.

Alternatively, two elastic elements can be used in the elastic support, immediately upon impact of the stone first, the first elastic element (optionally in addition to a bias) is loaded and elastically deformed pressure and wherein after reaching the maximum deformation amplitude again a discharge of the first elastic element takes place. After reaching the equilibrium point which is usually present before the impact of the stone, the second elastic element is subjected to pressure until, in turn, the maximum deformation amplitude is reached, etc.

In one specific embodiment, the elastic element or the two elastic elements may, for example, each have a passage opening through which extends an elongate element, for example a rod, a sleeve and / or a threaded rod. In a (seen in the direction of movement) central region of the elastic element is based Fastening element, via which the elastic element is attached to the shield or to another object (holding base) which holds the shield. In the embodiment with the two elastic elements (second case), the fastening element is located between the two elastic elements and may also be provided with a passage opening.

One end of the elongated element is connected (directly or indirectly eg via a frame) to the shield. The fastener is connected to the object to be protected or the other object (support base) on which the arrangement is supported. Alternatively, the fastener may be connected to the shield and the elongate member to the object. Preferably, a plurality of such supports are provided, which can be supported on the same or on different objects in order to support the shield. The free end of the elongated element is z. B. is provided with a closing element on which the elastic element (first case) or one of the two elastic elements (second case) in the corresponding Schwingungshalbzylkus in which a voltage applied to the end element of the elastic member is subjected to pressure, supported. In the second case, the closing element is preferably mounted so that the two elastic elements are under pressure even in the neutral position, d. H. are biased.

• ein langgestrecktes Element, das an einem Ende mit der abzustützenden Abschirmung (Fall a) oder mit einer Haltebasis (Fall b) verbunden bzw. verbindbar ist,
• zumindest ein elastisches Element das eine Aussparung aufweist, durch die hindurch sich das langgestreckte Element erstreckt,
• ein Befestigungselement, über das sich ein mittlerer Bereich des elastischen Elements oder zwei der elastischen Elemente an der Haltebasis (Fall a) bzw. an der abzustützenden Abschirmung (Fall b) abstützt/abstützen,
• ein Abschlusselement, das im Bereich eines zweiten, freien Endes des langgestreckten Elements angeordnet ist, an dem sich ein freies Ende des elastischen Elements oder ein freies Ende zumindest eines der elastischen Elemente abstützt.

In particular, the support may include:

• an elongated member connected at one end to the shield to be supported (case a) or to a support base (case b),
• at least one elastic element having a recess through which the elongate element extends,
• a fastening element, via which a middle region of the elastic element or two of the elastic elements is supported on the retaining base (case a) or on the shield (case b) to be supported,
• a closure member disposed in the region of a second free end of the elongate member having a free end thereon the elastic element or a free end of at least one of the elastic elements is supported.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, which relates to the support of the wire mesh and / or rope braid, the edges of the braid are held by a (preferably rigid) frame. For example, the braid may be a braid having a quadrangular outer perimeter. Accordingly, then the frame is a quadrangular frame, wherein at the corners each two sections (webs) of the frame abut each other and are firmly connected.

At least a portion of the frame, in the above example preferably all four sections or frame webs, have a two-part construction, wherein a lower part and an upper part is provided. The terms below and above are used without restriction of generality and do not mean that the top in actual operation must actually be on top. The ends and / or bends of the wires or ropes which are in the region of the respective web are arranged between the upper part and the lower part and the upper part and the lower part are fastened to one another. The wires or ropes can be clamped between the upper part and the lower part or be freely movable in itself. It is preferred that the wires and / or ropes are freely movable with the exception of the mesh corners lying between the upper part and lower part, on which they are bent or entwined with one another. For this purpose, the upper part and / or lower part may have recesses which are shaped according to the type of braid.

In order to define the mesh corners, elongate elements may extend transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the plane of the mesh, for As pins or screws. Preferably, the upper part and the lower part are connected to one another by means of the pins or screws and fastened to one another.

The scope of the invention also includes that a per se known wire mesh, such as from CH 692 921 A5 known to be used for protection against stone chipping in track-bound land vehicles. In particular, at least one of the wire meshes is fastened to the vehicle.

To produce the rockfall protection, a shield, for example, in one of the embodiments described above, connected to the vehicle. The shield is then z. B. in the area of the underbody of a rail vehicle, or z. B. attached to the bogie or attached objects and facilities.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the shielding according to the invention can be used in any configuration (preferably with the elastic support) for protecting stationary objects from rockfall. In particular, so the environment of railways can be protected from particles that are whirled up by passing rail vehicles, in particular by mechanical action and / or due to hydrodynamic effects, the shield can, for. On bridges (to prevent particles from falling off), in the area of signaling equipment or other means of operating the route or for personal protection (eg between the railway track and nearby footpaths).

Figur 1

eine Anordnung mit zwei Abschirmungen, die z. B. an einem Baugruppengehäuse
unterhalb des Bodens einer Lokomotive angeordnet sind,

Figur 2

die Rückseite von einer der Abschirmungen gemäß Figur 1 mit vier an der Abschirmung angebrachten Abstützungen,

Figur 3

einen Querschnitt einer schematischen Darstellung einer der beiden oben in Figur 2 dargestellten Abstützungen,

Figur 4

einen Querschnitt durch den Rahmen einer der beiden in Figur 1 dargestellten Abschirmungen,

Figur 5

eine schematische Seitenansicht auf einen Teil des in Figur 4 dargestellten Rahmens,

Figur 6

einen Längsschnitt durch einen Teil eines Rahmens für eine Abschirmung mit Drahtgeflecht,

Figur 7

eine Ansicht auf eine Schlinge, die durch zwei verschiedene Drähte eines Drahtgeflechts gebildet wird, wobei die Blickrichtung der Figur in der Ebene des Drahtgeflechts verläuft,

Figur 8

eine Ansicht eines Drahtgeflechts, das beispielsweise eine der beiden in Figur 1 dargestellten Abschirmungen bildet, und

Figur 9

in schematischer Darstellung einen Querschnitt (dessen Bildebene eine Längsachse eines elastischen Elements 43 enthält) einer alternativen Ausführungsform einer Abstützung.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Any or any combination of the features described below may be combined with the previously described embodiments of the invention. The individual figures of the drawing show:

FIG. 1

an arrangement with two shields z. B. on a module housing
are arranged below the floor of a locomotive,

FIG. 2

the back of one of the shields according to FIG. 1 with four supports attached to the screen,

FIG. 3

a cross-section of a schematic representation of one of the two above in FIG. 2 shown supports,

FIG. 4

a cross section through the frame of one of the two in FIG. 1 Shieldings shown,

FIG. 5

a schematic side view of a part of in FIG. 4 shown frame,

FIG. 6

a longitudinal section through part of a frame for a shield with wire mesh,

FIG. 7

a view of a loop which is formed by two different wires of a wire mesh, wherein the line of sight of the figure runs in the plane of the wire mesh,

FIG. 8

a view of a wire mesh, for example, one of the two in FIG. 1 forms shields, and

FIG. 9

schematically a cross-section (whose image plane includes a longitudinal axis of an elastic member 43) of an alternative embodiment of a support.

In the FIG. 1 shown shields 1 a, 1 b each have a frame 3a, 3b. Braids of the shields 1 a, 1 b are in FIG. 1 not shown in detail. Only white areas within the frames 3a, 3b can be seen. For example, this forms in FIG. 8 illustrated wire mesh, which will be described in more detail, each of the protective surface of the shield 1 a, 1 b.

The shields 1 a, 1 b are about their frames 3 a, 3 b and other means, to the still with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 is received in more detail, connected to the housing 5 of an inverter. In order to keep the shields 1 a, 1 b in the obliquely slightly inclined downward orientation as shown, additional mounting plates 6 a to 6 d are attached to the housing 5, with which re-fasteners 30 a, 30 b are connected, on the basis of from FIG. 2 will be discussed in more detail.

FIG. 2 shows the back of one of the two shields 1a, 1b. It can be seen that a plate-shaped element 32a to 32d is fastened to the frame 3 in each case in the corner region, preferably connected in each case over the two webs of the frame 3 (eg welded or soldered) which form the corner. Further, it will be seen that one of four supports 33a to 33d is attached to each of the plate-shaped members 32. There are only fasteners 30a, 30b of the two upper supports 33a, 33b differently designed as fastening elements 30c, 30d of the two lower supports 33c, 33d. Incidentally, the supports are designed in the same way.

In order to describe the structure of the supports in more detail, is in the following FIG. 3 Referenced. The section through one of the two upper supports also shows the frame 3, namely the upper web 3-1, which is designed in two parts in the embodiment. On the two-part design will be discussed in more detail. The web 3-1 is connected to the plate-shaped element 32 (eg a plate made of steel) which has a central bore (eg a threaded bore 41 into which a threaded rod 42 is screwed and secured against unintentional unscrewing) having. The threaded rod 42 (not in Fig. 3 but see alternative embodiment in FIG FIG. 9 ) defines a longitudinal axis of the support and an elastic member 43, along which limited by elastic properties of the elastic member 43, the fastener 30 can move relative to the frame 3.

The fastening element 30 has a through-hole through which the elastic element 43 extends. In the elastic element 43 at least one further fastening element is introduced, whose top and bottom in Fig. 3 shown areas are designated by the reference numerals 101, 102. In the present case, the regions 101, 102 belong to a one-piece, annular and / or flange-like element, which is vulcanized into the elastic element 43.

Within the through hole of the elastic member 43 extends in the longitudinal direction of the bore (which is equal to the longitudinal direction of the elastic member 43), a sleeve 40 (in the embodiment, a hollow cylinder made of metal), which at a free end of the elastic member 43 with a plate-shaped closing element 46th connected is.

The elastic element 43 has a (preferably cylindrical) base region 44, which tapers in each case towards the closer end of the threaded rod 42. However, the elastic elements may also have a different shaped outer contour. In the present case, the cylindrical portion 44 is formed on one side (right in FIG Fig. 3 ) in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the through hole recessed shoulder (wherein the square in cross-section course of the outer contour rounded in practice may be) on which a tapered portion 45 attaches. At the other end of the elastic element 43, the end of a tapering section 45 'bears against the plate-shaped closing element 46. In addition, on the outside of the closing element 46 z. B. a screw head of a screw extending through the through hole and with which the elastic member 43 is screwed to the plate-shaped member 32 (either by screwing into the threaded hole 41 or in a nut 49, the optional and alternative to the threaded hole 41 is provided.

As can be seen in the upper and lower part of the figure, both the fastening element 102 firmly anchored in the elastic element 43 and the fastening element 30 have at least one bore 103, 103 '. Not shown are fastening means which engage in the bores 103, 103 '(eg a screw) and firmly connect the fastening elements 30, 101 and 30, 102 to one another.

The elastic element 43 with fastening element 101, 102 and sleeve 40 as well as end element 46 can be obtained from Schwab Schwingungstechnik AG, Soodstrasse 57, CH-8134 Adliswil, Switzerland, under the name of cabin bearing (article number 18.01.01 -. NR).

An alternative embodiment of the support is in Fig. 9 shown. The following are merely differences to the basis of Fig. 3 described embodiment explained. Same reference numerals in FIG Fig. 3 and Fig. 9 designate parts that are identical or identical in function or similar.

The support according to Fig. 9 has two elastic elements 43a, 43b instead of the one elastic element 43, which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction. The fastening element 30 separates the two elastic elements 43a, 43b from each other. Through a through hole in the two elastic elements 43a, 43b and in the fastening element 30, a threaded rod 42 extends therethrough.

The two elastic elements 43 preferably have a cylindrical base region 44, which tapers in each case towards the closer end of the threaded rod 42. However, the elastic elements may also have a different shaped outer contour. In the present case, the cylindrical portion 44 forms an in Direction of the threaded rod 42 recessed shoulder on which the tapered portion 45 attaches. The end of the tapered portion 45 is flat against the plate-shaped element 42 and the other elastic member 43b on a closing element 46, which is screwed onto the free end of the threaded rod 42 and secured in the present embodiment by a lock nut 47 against accidental release is.

On the shield 1 a or 1 b impinging stones or other objects have a pulse, the largest component is directed generally in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the shield. Thus, at least the directional component also extends in the direction of the threaded rod 42. The pulse is therefore attenuated and delayed due to the two elastic members 43 transferred from the plate-shaped member 32 to the fastener 30. First, upon impact of the stone, the elastic member 43a is compressed until the maximum deflection point of deformation of the elastic member 43a is reached. Half an oscillation cycle further, the other elastic element 43b is shortened maximally in the longitudinal direction of the threaded rod 42, d. H. compressed, but the compression due to the damping properties of the elastic members 43 is no longer as strong as a half cycle before. The elastic elements 43 are biased by appropriate tightening of the end member 46 in the neutral position. If the elastic elements 43 are vulcanized to adjacent parts, the bias protects the elements 43 also from being loaded to train and thus to be able to tear or tear.

The material of the elastic members 43 and 43a, 43b is an elastomer which is e.g. B. from natural rubber and / or from artificial rubber materials (such as nitrile or butyl rubber) can be produced.

Referring again to FIG. 2 It should also be mentioned that the fastening elements 30c, 30d, unlike the L-shaped configuration of the fastening elements 30a, 30b, are U-shaped in cross-section. The design of the fasteners is generally free and depends on the circumstances under which the shields are to be mounted.

FIG. 4 shows a preferred embodiment of a frame for a wire mesh. For example, the illustrated frame may be one of the frames 3a, 3b according to FIG FIG. 1 act. The in FIG. 4 shown frame 51 is made in two parts. Visible is the lower part, ie the part with which the also indicated plate-shaped elements 32a to 32d are connected. Also visible are the threaded holes 41 within the plate-shaped elements 32. As indicated by two parallel oblique lines, the frame 51 is not shown in its entire size. The individual webs of the frame 51 are metal profile elements and designated by the reference numerals 3-1 (in the figure above), 3-2 (right), 3-3 (bottom) and 3-4 (left). At the corners of the frame 51, the webs are firmly connected. In addition, the webs recesses or recesses, which are formed differently depending on the web. The recesses in the upper and in the lower web run according to the structure of the fabric to be held by the frame 51, zigzag over the entire longitudinal extent of the two webs. The recesses are designated by reference numerals 53a and 53b. As can be seen, the zigzag recesses 53a, 53b have both openings 54 to the inside of the frame 51 and openings 55 to the outside of the frame, wherein the openings 55 to the outside, however, need not necessarily be present. In contrast, the openings 54 must be provided to the inside to allow the entry and exit of the wires or ropes of the braid. If, for example, the in FIG. 8 As shown braid held by the frame 51, the left in FIG. 8 shown edge 92 of the braid 91 in the recess 53b of the lower web 3-3 are located. The upper edge 93 of the braid 91 would be in the recesses 53 c of the left web 3-4, wherein the recesses are designed trapezoidal in the cross section shown. The recesses 53d in the right web 3-2 are also designed trapezoidal.

Since it is in the representation of the FIG. 4 is a figure in the manner of a construction drawing, a plurality of midpoint lines can be seen, each cut in the center of holes. Thus, for example, in each case within one of the trapezoidal recesses 53c, 53d, there is a borehole which serves to receive an elongated element (not shown) and which in some cases is designated by the reference numeral 57. These holes 57 or the elongated elements arranged therein, which are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of FIG. 4 extend, are in clamped braid 91 in the corners of the mesh on the edge of the braid, which have approximately a 30 ° inner angle, so as already mentioned for. B. at the edge 93 of the braid 91st

At the inner edge of the zigzag recesses 53b and 53a are again corresponding holes 58 for elongated elements, which are in holding the fabric 91 in the area of the mesh corners with the dull, about 150 ° large inner angle. In the region of the corners of the frame 51, the zigzag-shaped recesses 53a, 53b pass respectively into one of the trapezoidal recesses 53c, 53d.

The schematically understood FIG. 5 shows that the frame is in two parts (here with lying in the figure at the top of the upper part 62 and lower part 63 shown) is designed. It can be seen two of the outer side openings 55 of the recesses 53, which are formed both in the upper part 62 and in the lower part 63. Furthermore, one of the plate-shaped elements 32 can be seen. However, the through-threaded hole 41 through the element 32 is not in the image plane but behind it, as out FIG. 4 is recognizable. The plate-shaped element 32 is welded in this case with the lower part 63, as can be seen on the welds 64, 65. It is, for example, the web 3-2 in its corner to the bridge 3-3.

FIG. 6 shows a slightly modified embodiment of a likewise two-part frame 71, with upper part 74 and lower part 73 of a web. As in FIG. 5 is the outside of the frame shown. One recognizes again openings of the recesses formed in the frame, which are designated here by the reference numeral 65. The in the FIG. 6 recognizable ovals indicate the approximate location of the loops of the braid that can be held by the frame 71. Unlike the frame 51 according to FIG. 4 As a rule, two bores 75a, 75b extending through the base 73 and into the upper part 74 extend through the web to receive a total of two elongate elements (eg screws) which extend through the same mesh of the braid. Only a complete pair of juxtaposed bores 75a, 75b is in FIG. 6 shown, because it is only a partial representation.

Out FIG. 7 It will be appreciated that the preferred embodiment of a wire mesh according to the present invention is not merely a two-dimensional structure, but also has a thickness across the mesh plane that is greater than the thickness of the individual wires of the mesh. The mesh level is understood to mean the plane that forms the image plane of FIG. 8 that is in the in FIG. 8 illustrated embodiment passes through all loops.

FIG. 7 shows two wires 81, 82 forming a loop 83. The loop 83 is formed in the present case by curved runs of both wires 81, 82, wherein the wires 81, 82 each extend approximately half around the other wire due to the curved course. The first wire 81 extends in the selected representation at the top from the rear right in its further course to the loop 83, there forward to the bottom and in its further course to the right front. Accordingly, the second wire 82 extends from top left front to the loop, there back to the bottom and further to the left rear. In this case, the areas of the two wires 81, 82 running in the image above lie substantially within a first plane and the two sections of the wires 81, 82 shown below in the image lie substantially in a second plane parallel to the first plane. The two planes, if considered to be defined by the wire centers, have a spacing of about three times the thickness of the two wires 81, 82. Accordingly, the spacing of the top and bottom in FIG. 7 illustrated portions of the wires 81, 82 in the region of the loops 83 about twice the wire thickness.

The mesh according to FIG. 8 The reference numeral 91 has already been mentioned. In the case shown, it is a braid of wires, which in turn were each formed from a plurality of individual wires by twisting (wire rope). Alternatively, however, full wires can be used, which were not formed from individual wires. In the illustrated embodiment, the wires extend substantially from right to left and alternately form a loop with its next adjacent wire on the lower side and with her next neighbor wire on the upper side. For example, reference numerals 81 and 82 indicate that in FIG. 7 illustrated wires.

The shielding against rockfall described with reference to the figures, the forces can be significantly reduced, which act in the worst case on the object holding the shield. The worst case occurs when the stone hits the frame. The reduction is already due to the elastic design of the support up to 90 percent compared to the direct impact of a stone with the same momentum on a rigid object. When the stone strikes the mesh, the forces are significantly reduced, depending on the location of impact, and are usually distributed over several supports.

Claims (9)

1. Arrangement for protecting a track-bound land vehicle against impacting stones, characterized in that

   • the arrangement has a shield (1, 3, 33) which extends over a surface which acts as a barrier against the impacting stones,

   • a material and/or a structure of the shield (1, 3, 33) is of elastic design so that a stone impacting on the shield (1, 3, 33) brings about elastic deformation of the shield (1, 3, 33), and

   • the shield (1, 3, 33) has a mesh (91) and/or woven material composed of wires (81, 82) and/or cables.
2. Arrangement according to the preceding claim, wherein the wires (81, 82) or cables have a rated strength for tensile forces of more than 1200 N/mm², preferably of more than 1600 N/mm², acting in the longitudinal direction.
3. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wires (81, 82) or cables form, with adjacent wires (82, 81) or cables, a multiplicity of loops (83), wherein the wires (81, 82) or cables extend essentially in a first plane in their profile before a loop (83), and extend essentially in a second plane after the loop (83), and wherein the first plane and the second plane run parallel to one another and are at a distance from one another of at least a thickness of the wire (81, 82) or cable.
4. Arrangement according to the preceding claim, wherein the first plane and the second plane are at a distance from one another of at least twice the thickness of the wire (81, 82) or cable.
5. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the arrangement has a support (33) for elastically supporting the shield (1, 3, 33) against an object to which the shield (1, 3, 33) is to be attached or is attached, and wherein the support (33) has the following:

   - an elongated element (40; 42) which is connected or can be connected at one end to the shield to be supported (case a) or to a securing base (case b),

   - at least one elastic element (43; 43a, 43b) which has a recess through which the elongated element (40; 42) extends,

   - an attachment element (101, 102; 30) which supports a central region of the elastic element (43) or at least two of the elastic elements (43a, 43b) on the securing base (case a) or on the shield to be supported (case b), and

   - a terminating element (46) which is arranged in the region of a second, free end of the elongated element (40; 42) on which a free end of the elastic element (43; 43b) or a free end of at least one (43b) of the elastic elements (43a, 43b) is supported.
6. Arrangement according to the preceding claim, wherein the shield (1, 3, 33) has a peripheral frame (51; 71), and the frame (51; 71) is connected at several locations to, in each case, one of the supports (33).
7. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the arrangement is arranged on a track-bound land vehicle in the region of the underbody.
8. Method for manufacturing protection against impacting stones for a track-bound land vehicle, characterized in that a shield (1, 3, 33) which extends over a surface which acts as a barrier against the impacting stones is arranged on the land vehicle, wherein a material and/or a structure of the shield (1, 3, 33) is of elastic design so that a stone impacting on the shield (1, 3, 33) brings about elastic deformation of the shield (1, 3, 33), and wherein the shield (1, 3, 33) has a mesh (91) and/or woven material composed of wires (81, 82) and/or cables.
9. Use of an arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the mesh (91) is attached to the vehicle in the region of the underbody of the vehicle.

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