EP1956099B1 - Ess- und/oder Servierbesteck aus ferritischem Edelstahl mit einer martensitischen Randschicht - Google Patents

Ess- und/oder Servierbesteck aus ferritischem Edelstahl mit einer martensitischen Randschicht Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1956099B1
EP1956099B1 EP07002295A EP07002295A EP1956099B1 EP 1956099 B1 EP1956099 B1 EP 1956099B1 EP 07002295 A EP07002295 A EP 07002295A EP 07002295 A EP07002295 A EP 07002295A EP 1956099 B1 EP1956099 B1 EP 1956099B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
eating
outer layer
hardness
core
martensitic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07002295A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1956099A1 (de
Inventor
Cornelius Boerner
Günter Bühlmaier
Wolfgang Friz
Alexander Kiefer
Martin Neumayer
Theda Staudinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WMF GmbH
Original Assignee
WMF GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to ES07002295T priority Critical patent/ES2322207T3/es
Application filed by WMF GmbH filed Critical WMF GmbH
Priority to PL07002295T priority patent/PL1956099T3/pl
Priority to AT07002295T priority patent/ATE429519T1/de
Priority to EP07002295A priority patent/EP1956099B1/de
Priority to DE502007000645T priority patent/DE502007000645D1/de
Priority to RU2009132197/02A priority patent/RU2456906C2/ru
Priority to KR1020097018029A priority patent/KR101302051B1/ko
Priority to PCT/EP2008/000680 priority patent/WO2008092640A1/de
Priority to JP2009547589A priority patent/JP5418909B2/ja
Priority to CN200880003667XA priority patent/CN101627136B/zh
Priority to US12/449,233 priority patent/US8349094B2/en
Priority to BRPI0807120-9A2A priority patent/BRPI0807120A2/pt
Priority to CA2676987A priority patent/CA2676987C/en
Priority to EP08707381A priority patent/EP2115175A1/de
Publication of EP1956099A1 publication Critical patent/EP1956099A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1956099B1 publication Critical patent/EP1956099B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G21/00—Table-ware
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/18—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to dining and / or serving cutlery made of a steel material, which is formed from a ferritic core with a substantially martensitic edge layer.
  • the surface hardness of the surface layer determined by the hardness test according to Vickers HV3, is 30 to 300% greater than the smallest hardness of the core, measured also according to Vickers HV 3.
  • the hardening temperature which must be used for such processes, depends on the steel grade and can be above 1000 ° C.
  • a hardening process of a martensitic steel is out Corrosion Science 48 (2006) 2036-2049 by CX Li et al. known. It is still out Davis et al., ASM Handbook, Volume 4, Heating Treating 1991, known as ASM International US also nitriding steels of the type AISI 430 and 460 at temperatures up to 595 ° C.
  • a steel material which consists of a ferritic core with a substantially martensitic edge layer.
  • the edge layer may be formed on one or more sides or the core ummantelnd.
  • the invention also includes embodiments in which the surface layer still has a small proportion, depending on the stored C and N content of the steel material of retained austenite.
  • Essential to the invention is that between the surface hardness of the surface layer and the smallest hardness of the core a hardness difference, measured according to Vickers HV 3, consists of at least 30 to 300%.
  • the dining and / or serving cutlery according to the invention are further characterized by the fact that they also have a difference in terms of the modulus of elasticity between the martensitic surface layer and the core of the material, regardless of the aforementioned difference in hardness.
  • the martensitic surface layer has an E modulus, measured in kN / mm 2 , which is greater by 1 to 100% than the E modulus of the core material.
  • the core is left relatively elastic, i. is formed of a ferritic material which retains the intrinsic properties inherent in the untreated steel material and that then only the surface layer is formed so that here a difference in hardness or a difference of the modulus of elasticity, as described above, is set.
  • the applicant could show that not only is there a very high elasticity of the dining and / or serving cutlery according to the invention, but also that a scratching of the surface can be largely avoided.
  • the hardness difference between the surface hardness of the surface layer to the smallest hardness of the core is 80 to 250%, preferably 100 to 250%.
  • the surface hardness of the martensitic surface layer may be preferred in the range of 320 to 650 HV 3 and the smallest hardness of the core in the range of 160 to 260 HV 3.
  • the modulus of elasticity it is particularly favorable if there is an E-modulus between the martensitic surface layer and the material core, with the proviso that the modulus of elasticity in the boundary layer is greater by 1 to 50% than that of the core.
  • the determination of the modulus of elasticity in kN / mm 2 was carried out at 20 ° C.
  • the edge layer of the eating and serving cutlery of the invention is defined by a hardening depth (EHT) which leads from the smallest hardness of the core, measured according to HV 3 + 30%, to the surface of the surface layer.
  • the hardening depth (EHT) can be in the range of 0.005 mm to 1.0 mm, preferably 0.01 mm to 0.4 mm and particularly preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.3 mm.
  • Another characteristic of the surface layer according to the invention is that the hardness and also the modulus of elasticity within the martensitic surface layer decreases starting from the surface in the direction of the core as defined above.
  • the decrease in hardness or the modulus of elasticity can take place continuously and / or also gradient-wise.
  • the largest contribution to the decrease in hardness or the modulus of elasticity lies in the near-surface region of the surface layer itself.
  • the surface of the martensitic surface layer is roughened and / or frosted, the surface roughness can in Range of 1.5 microns to 4.0 microns are. Roughnesses of 1.9 ⁇ m to 2.8 ⁇ m (Scotch tape) or 1.7 ⁇ m to 2.1 ⁇ m (brushed) are preferred, while polished surfaces have a roughness of 0.8 ⁇ m to 1.3 ⁇ m.
  • ferritic steels are: 1.4000, 1.4016 and 1.4024. Preference is given to the steel 1.4016.
  • An essential advantage of the dining and serving utensil according to the invention consists in the fact that a steel can be selected which has a relatively low hardness and thus a high elasticity and that the martensitic surface layer is then subsequently formed by the treatment method described below. By the martensitic surface layer then results in a significant increase in hardness, while maintaining the elastic core, which then superior properties in terms of scratch and corrosion resistance can be achieved.
  • the surface of the surface layer has a microstructure, the characterized by a higher grain size compared to untreated steels, as well as the fact that no chromium carbide precipitates are present at the grain boundaries.
  • the invention basically includes all corresponding objects which are known to the person skilled in the art. Examples are knives, spoons, forks, pastry and cake servers, makers, tongs and rugs.
  • the formation of the martensitic surface layer can be done in the dining and serving cutlery according to the invention by a heat treatment, preferably by a so-called. "Embroidering", The embroidery of steel materials is in and of itself known in the art and is eg in the EP 0 652 300 A1 or in the DE 40 33 706 described.
  • edge embroidering is carried out so that the steel material is treated at a temperature between 1000 ° C and 1200 ° C in a nitrogen-containing gas atmosphere and subsequent cooling.
  • FIG. 1 shows both the hardness profile after a heat treatment on the example of steel grade 1.4016 in the form of a graph and in FIG. 1b a cross section in the magnification 50: 1.
  • FIG. 1 was a table spoon made by the company WMF steel grade 1.4016 at temperatures above 1050 ° C with nitrogen embroidered and quenched or deep-frozen and tempered.
  • the material 1,4016, X7 chromium 17 is a ferritic steel with 0.06 to 0.1% carbon, By the incorporation of nitrogen it comes to tension in the grid, it is formed during quenching martensite, the like FIG. 1b to see towards the core according to the deposits decreases.
  • the table spoon has a surface hardness of 594 HV 3.
  • the hardening depth was 106 ⁇ m in the example case.
  • the calculation of the Einhärtungstiefe is carried out according to the invention so that the lowest hardness of the core is also measured in HV 3 + 30%.
  • the output value is 240 HV 3.
  • FIG. 1b shows very clearly the microstructure, from which the martensitic surface layer can be seen and the essentially ferritic core, the treated surface has a mean grain diameter of 28 to 40 microns measured by the average diameter method.
  • the grain diameter of the treated part is in the core at 15 to 20 microns and the untreated starting material at 10 to 14 microns linear.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Table Equipment (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
EP07002295A 2007-02-02 2007-02-02 Ess- und/oder Servierbesteck aus ferritischem Edelstahl mit einer martensitischen Randschicht Active EP1956099B1 (de)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07002295T PL1956099T3 (pl) 2007-02-02 2007-02-02 Sztućce z ferrytycznej stali stopowej z martenzytyczną warstwą brzegową
AT07002295T ATE429519T1 (de) 2007-02-02 2007-02-02 Ess- und/oder servierbesteck aus ferritischem edelstahl mit einer martensitischen randschicht
EP07002295A EP1956099B1 (de) 2007-02-02 2007-02-02 Ess- und/oder Servierbesteck aus ferritischem Edelstahl mit einer martensitischen Randschicht
DE502007000645T DE502007000645D1 (de) 2007-02-02 2007-02-02 Ess- und/oder Servierbesteck aus ferritischem Edelstahl mit einer martensitischen Randschicht
ES07002295T ES2322207T3 (es) 2007-02-02 2007-02-02 Cubierto de comer y/o servir con una capa marginal de martensita.
CN200880003667XA CN101627136B (zh) 2007-02-02 2008-01-29 具有马氏体边界层的由铁素体不锈钢制成的进餐和/或分餐餐具
PCT/EP2008/000680 WO2008092640A1 (de) 2007-02-02 2008-01-29 Ess- und/oder servierbesteck aus ferritischem edelstahl mit einer martensitischen randschicht
JP2009547589A JP5418909B2 (ja) 2007-02-02 2008-01-29 食事用および／または取り分け用カトラリー
RU2009132197/02A RU2456906C2 (ru) 2007-02-02 2008-01-29 Столовые и/или сервировочные приборы, изготовленные из ферритной нержавеющей стали с мартенситным поверхностным слоем
US12/449,233 US8349094B2 (en) 2007-02-02 2008-01-29 Dining and/or serving cutlery made of ferritic stainless steel with a martensitic boundary layer
BRPI0807120-9A2A BRPI0807120A2 (pt) 2007-02-02 2008-01-29 Talheres de refeição e/ou servir com uma camada limite martensítica
CA2676987A CA2676987C (en) 2007-02-02 2008-01-29 Dining and/or serving cutlery made of ferritic stainless steel with a martensitic boundary layer
EP08707381A EP2115175A1 (de) 2007-02-02 2008-01-29 Ess- und/oder servierbesteck aus ferritischem edelstahl mit einer martensitischen randschicht
KR1020097018029A KR101302051B1 (ko) 2007-02-02 2008-01-29 마르텐사이트 경계층을 갖는 식사용 및/또는 서빙용 날붙이

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07002295A EP1956099B1 (de) 2007-02-02 2007-02-02 Ess- und/oder Servierbesteck aus ferritischem Edelstahl mit einer martensitischen Randschicht

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1956099A1 EP1956099A1 (de) 2008-08-13
EP1956099B1 true EP1956099B1 (de) 2009-04-22

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ID=38267621

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07002295A Active EP1956099B1 (de) 2007-02-02 2007-02-02 Ess- und/oder Servierbesteck aus ferritischem Edelstahl mit einer martensitischen Randschicht
EP08707381A Withdrawn EP2115175A1 (de) 2007-02-02 2008-01-29 Ess- und/oder servierbesteck aus ferritischem edelstahl mit einer martensitischen randschicht

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08707381A Withdrawn EP2115175A1 (de) 2007-02-02 2008-01-29 Ess- und/oder servierbesteck aus ferritischem edelstahl mit einer martensitischen randschicht

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US8349094B2 (https=)
EP (2) EP1956099B1 (https=)
JP (1) JP5418909B2 (https=)
KR (1) KR101302051B1 (https=)
CN (1) CN101627136B (https=)
AT (1) ATE429519T1 (https=)
BR (1) BRPI0807120A2 (https=)
CA (1) CA2676987C (https=)
DE (1) DE502007000645D1 (https=)
ES (1) ES2322207T3 (https=)
PL (1) PL1956099T3 (https=)
RU (1) RU2456906C2 (https=)
WO (1) WO2008092640A1 (https=)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008050458A1 (de) * 2008-10-08 2010-04-15 Peter Dr. Barth Schmucksachen aus Edelstahl mit einer martensitischen Randschicht
EP2209924B1 (de) 2008-10-08 2011-04-27 Peter Barth Verwendung eines biokompatiblen werkstoffes aus edelstahl mit einer martensitischen randschicht für uhren, uhrenteile und schmuck
FR2942241B1 (fr) * 2009-02-18 2011-10-21 Hydromecanique & Frottement Procede de traitement de pieces pour ustensiles de cuisine
CN106460145B (zh) 2014-05-15 2019-08-16 埃克斯潘尼特技术公司 锁紧垫圈
US20160095455A1 (en) * 2014-10-06 2016-04-07 Omnitek Partners Llc Shape Memory Safety Utensil
IT201700098637A1 (it) * 2017-09-04 2019-03-04 Mori Italian Factory S R L Procedimento di realizzazione di una posata non da taglio
US12526944B2 (en) 2022-02-16 2026-01-13 Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc Methods for forming electronic device housings

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JPH06306574A (ja) * 1993-04-23 1994-11-01 Daido Hoxan Inc 耐食性食器類

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101627136A (zh) 2010-01-13
EP1956099A1 (de) 2008-08-13
KR101302051B1 (ko) 2013-09-10
KR20100014875A (ko) 2010-02-11
CA2676987A1 (en) 2008-08-07
RU2456906C2 (ru) 2012-07-27
EP2115175A1 (de) 2009-11-11
US8349094B2 (en) 2013-01-08
JP2010517605A (ja) 2010-05-27
WO2008092640A1 (de) 2008-08-07
DE502007000645D1 (de) 2009-06-04
PL1956099T3 (pl) 2009-09-30
JP5418909B2 (ja) 2014-02-19
RU2009132197A (ru) 2011-03-10
CN101627136B (zh) 2012-04-04
CA2676987C (en) 2012-04-10
US20100175269A1 (en) 2010-07-15
ATE429519T1 (de) 2009-05-15
ES2322207T3 (es) 2009-06-17
BRPI0807120A2 (pt) 2014-04-08

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