EP1955917A1 - Railcar vehicle for passenger transport - Google Patents

Abstract

The railcar (A) has a motorized intermediate trailer (4) provided between two driving trailers (2). Traction chains (8) are disposed in the driving trailers and the intermediate trailer. A motored bogie (6) is disposed under an end of the intermediate trailer and the driving trailers. A driving cab is located at a free end of the driving trailers, where the free end is rest on the motored bogie composed of two powered axles (5). The powered axles are located in the end of the intermediate trailer.

Description

The present invention relates to a self-propelled passenger transport, and more particularly a self-propelled modular in terms of passenger capacity and maximum speed term.

Prior art

Train or motor train architectures are differentiated according to whether they are with concentrated or distributed motorization, depending on whether the car components are linked in an articulated or non-articulated manner, according to the arrangement and the number of driving and carrying bogies, and according to that they are at one or two levels.

For the sake of clarity, these different concepts are defined in the following paragraphs.

Train or self-propelled

A self-propelled vehicle comprises at least one motorized car, that is to say comprising at least one passenger compartment and at least one power train. A self-propelled vehicle may therefore comprise only motorized cars or comprise non-motorized cars and at least one motorized car.

A train is composed of one or more motor vehicles and a number of passenger cars. A power unit is not accessible to passengers and includes among other things a power train.

Concentrated or distributed motorization

The traction chain comprises a plurality of equipment, which are either electrical components or electronic power and control components, adapted to pick up electrical energy from a traction source (for example a catenary line), transform it and convert it into electric power supply signals of electric motors of the driving bogies to ensure the train drive or the self-propelled.

The motorization is said to be concentrated when all the components of the traction chains are grouped together in a single location, for example in the motor of a train. The engine is said to be distributed when the components of the power train are distributed over several cars, under the chassis of cars or on the roof.

Articulated or non-articulated cars

A bogie conventionally comprises a bogie frame resting on two axles. By axle means generally a pair of coaxial bearing wheels on the rails of a railway.

A motor bogie comprises at least one electric motor for driving the wheels of at least one of its axles, called the driving axle. In contrast, a non-motorized bogie is called a carrier bogie.

Two adjacent cars are said to be "articulated" (or in articulated connection) when a first car is supported by one of these ends on a bogie and the end opposite the second car rests on the end of the first one. The bogie is therefore straddling under the ends of the two adjacent cars. A self-propelled car consisting of two articulated cars therefore has three bogies, since the free ends of the two cars each rest on a bogie.

In contrast, two adjacent non-articulated cars are not, at each of their ends, resting on a common bogie, each car resting on two bogies. A self-propelled car consisting of two non-articulated cars therefore has four bogies.

One or two level car

A car is called at a level when it has a passenger compartment on a single floor level, and it is said at two levels when it has two compartments of travelers on two levels, superimposed one above the other. 'other.

There are one-level, non-articulated and concentrated power trains in one or two motor vehicles. Due to the non-articulation, this architecture has the disadvantage of having a large number of bogies which increases the resistance to progress and therefore the energy consumption of the self-propelled. A large number of bogies also require many maintenance operations.

There are also self-propelled high-speed single-speed, non-articulated and distributed motorized, with different distributions of traction equipment in cars, different locations of motor bogies or drive axles according to the architectures. These self-propelled vehicles comprise several motorized cars, each resting on two bogies.

This type of motorization requires a large mass of power cables needed to connect the energy harvesting device (s) to the motors through each traction equipment, cables that run between all cars equipped with either a device capture, either a traction chain equipment or a bogie engine.

There are also one-level or two-level trains with a "mixed" link and concentrated engines. Passenger cars are based on carrying bogies and are framed by two engines, at each end of the train, resting on motor bogies. The links of this train are called "mixed" because different types of connections connect cars and motor. The cars are interconnected by an articulated connection, and the cars are connected to the motor by a non-articulated connection.

This architecture has a reduced passenger capacity compared to a self-propelled car of identical length, since the engines are not accessible to passengers.

The performance of these vehicles is related to their architecture: it is possible to run a high-speed train at lower speeds, but at the expense of passenger capacity since the mass of the traction chains is not releasable. It is not possible to run a vehicle at a speed greater than its maximum speed since no power train or engine can be added simply. Manufacturers must therefore design a vehicle that is specific to each passenger speed / capacity range.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a self-propelled vehicle which does not have the drawbacks of the architectures of the state of the art.

For this purpose, the invention proposes a passenger railcar comprising two pilot cars and intermediate cars, carrying bogies, motor bogies comprising at least one driving axle and is characterized in that the cars are all hinged together. two, the self-propelled comprises three or four traction chains, a pull chain being disposed in each pilot car and at least one pull chain being disposed in a single intermediate car, a bogie engine is disposed in at least one of the two ends of said pilot cars, a motor bogie is disposed under at least one of the two ends of said intermediate car comprising at least one traction chain.

• chaque chaîne de traction entraîne au moins un essieu moteur du ou des bogies moteurs disposés sous une ou sous les deux extrémités de chaque voiture dans laquelle est disposée ladite chaîne de traction ;
• l'automotrice comprend, entre la voiture intermédiaire comprenant au moins une chaîne de traction et chacune des voitures pilotes, au moins une voiture intermédiaire dépourvue de chaîne de traction ;
• au moins une voiture intermédiaire dépourvue de chaîne de traction est supportée à au moins une de ses deux extrémités par un bogie porteur ;
• les voitures sont à deux niveaux.

The self-propelled vehicle includes one or more of the following features, taken in any technically feasible combination:

• each traction chain drives at least one drive axle of the at least one motor bogie arranged under one or under both ends of each car in which said pull chain is disposed;
• the self-propelled vehicle comprises, between the intermediate car comprising at least one power train and each of the pilot cars, at least one intermediate car devoid of a power train;
• at least one intermediate car without traction chain is supported at at least one of its two ends by a bogie carrier;
• the cars are on two levels.

Description of the invention

The car is fully articulated, that is to say, the cars are all articulated together in pairs. A bogie is arranged astride the two adjacent ends of two adjacent cars, the free ends of the pilot cars resting on a single bogie.

It comprises three or four traction chains, a traction chain being disposed in each pilot car and at least one pull chain (one or two) being arranged in a single intermediate car. For this reason, this intermediate car will be called motorized intermediate car. The self-propelled is therefore concentrated motorization, the concentration taking place in three cars, there are three or four traction chains.

A motor bogie is disposed under at least one of the two ends of the two pilot cars and the motorized intermediate car comprising a traction chain. In other words, each car comprising a traction chain is supported at both ends by a motor bogie and a bogie carrier, or by two motor bogies.

The self-propelled vehicle comprises, between the motorized intermediate car and each of the pilot cars, at least one intermediate car without traction chain. As this intermediate car does not have a power train, it is called a trailer.

A trailer is supported at at least one of its ends by a bogie carrier. A trailer is supported at these ends either by a bogie carrier and a bogie engine, or by two bogies carriers.

A self-propelled vehicle according to the invention therefore complies with a rule of alternation of cars comprising a traction chain and not including, and a rule of alternating motor bogies and carrier bogies to meet the maximum load at the axle.

Indeed, all railway vehicles must respect the axle load constraint, the value of which is imposed by the infrastructure or the standards applicable on the lanes in which these vehicles operate.

• chaque voiture pilote est en appui sur un bogie dédié et un bogie commun avec une autre voiture, et a donc sa charge répartie sur un plus grand nombre d'essieux que les voitures intermédiaires. Par conséquent, une voiture pilote peut supporter une plus grande masse que les autres voitures sans dépasser la charge à l'essieu maximale. Chaque voiture pilote reçoit donc des voyageurs, la chaîne de traction ainsi que tout ou partie des équipements de production d'énergie auxiliaire (électrique et pneumatique).
• les remorques dépourvues de chaînes de traction possèdent un poids à vide plus faible que les voitures pilotes et la voiture motorisée.
• la voiture intermédiaire motorisée reçoit des passagers et les équipements d'au moins une chaîne de traction. Or les bogies moteurs à chaque extrémité de la voiture motorisée supportent chacun la moitié de la masse de la voiture intermédiaire motorisée et la moitié de la masse de la remorque adjacente, puisque au moins une remorque est interposée entre la voiture pilote et la voiture intermédiaire motorisée. Comme une remorque est moins lourde que la voiture intermédiaire motorisée, chaque bogie moteur disposé à cheval sous l'une des extrémités de la voiture intermédiaire motorisée et sous l'extrémité de la remorque adjacente supporte une masse moyenne qui reste inférieure à la charge maximale par essieu.

The axle load of the self-propelled unit according to the invention is kept below the maximum permissible load because:

• each pilot car is supported on a dedicated bogie and a common bogie with another car, and therefore has its load spread over a larger number of axles than the intermediate cars. Therefore, a pilot car can support a larger mass than other cars without exceeding the maximum axle load. Each pilot car therefore receives passengers, the power train and all or part of the auxiliary power generation equipment (electrical and pneumatic).
• trailers without traction chains have a lower curb weight than the pilot cars and the motorized car.
• the motorized intermediate car receives passengers and equipment from at least one power train. But the motor bogies at each end of the motorized car each support half the mass of the motorized intermediate car and half the mass of the adjacent trailer, since at least one trailer is interposed between the pilot car and the motorized intermediate car. As a trailer is less heavy than the motorized intermediate car, each motor bogie disposed astride one end of the motorized intermediate car and under the end of the adjacent trailer supports an average mass which remains below the maximum load per hour. axle.

The balancing of the masses on each bogie and bogie engine is also obtained by optimizing the distribution of different traction equipment or auxiliaries of the railcar, and the interior of the cars that differs depending on the desired comfort (type and number of different seats depending on the class of the car).

The interior of the motorized intermediate car in particular depends on the mass of the or traction chains, which themselves depend on the desired performance of the self-propelled (multi-tension traction, maximum speed, etc.). For example, if the mass of traction equipment installed is high, the interior of the motorized intermediate car will be lightened and designed as a bar car, a car offering services or having a reduced passenger capacity compared to the capacity of the trailers. .

Each traction chain drives at least one driving axle of the engine or bogies arranged under one or both ends of cars in which are arranged one or more traction chains. The self-propelled vehicle can therefore have three to twelve drive axles, depending on whether each pilot car and the motorized intermediate car are supported by one or two motor bogies, which themselves comprise one or two drive axles.

An advantage of a fully articulated architecture is that the railcar is more stable in the event of a derailment. Due to the architecture articulated, the resistance to progress and therefore the energy consumption required to drive the vehicle remains limited compared to a non-articulated self-propelled the same length, since there are fewer bogies. Maintenance operations are also reduced. Due to the self-propelled composition, the vehicle offers a large capacity since the entire length of the vehicle is used to receive passengers.

An advantage of concentrating the powertrains in the pilot cars and in a single motorized intermediate car makes it possible to better protect and control the fires by physically separating the traction chains from each other, and physically separating the traction chains from the compartments. passengers.

• les figures 1, 3 et 4 sont des vues schématiques de côté d'automotrices conformes à l'invention selon plusieurs modes de réalisation,
• la figure 2 est un tableau représentant schématiquement la position des essieux moteurs en fonction du nombre de voitures composant l'automotrice.

The invention and other advantages will be better understood from reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

• the figures 1 , 3 and 4 are schematic side views of railcars according to the invention according to several embodiments,
• the figure 2 is a table showing schematically the position of the driving axles according to the number of cars composing the railcar.

By convention, the wheels of the driving axles are blackened in the figures.

First embodiment

As represented on the figure 1 , a self-propelled A comprises seven trailers 3 and a motorized intermediate car 4 arranged between two pilot cars 2.

A first pilot car 2 is located at a first end of the railcar A (starting from the left on the figure 1 ). It has a free end, where is located a driver's cab 9, and rests on a bogie engine 6 consisting of two drive axles 5. A first traction chain 8 is disposed under the passenger compartment 10 of the first pilot car 2. A its opposite end, the pilot car 2 is articulated with a first trailer 3. The two ends vis-à-vis the cars 2 and 3 based on a single bogie engine 6, consisting of two drive axles 5.

The first trailer 3 thus shares at its first end a bogie engine 6 with the pilot car 2, and shares at its other end a bogie carrier 7 with the second trailer 3 adjacent.

The second trailer 3 is articulated to the first trailer 3 and the third trailer 3. The second trailer 3 shares with each of the first and the third trailer 3 a bogie carrier 7. The third trailer 3 is hinged to a motorized intermediate car 4, located in the railcar of this embodiment in fifth position from the left.

None of the first three trailers 3 receives a traction chain 8.

The motorized intermediate car 4 shares, at each of these ends, a motor bogie 6 with the adjacent trailers. Two traction chains 8 are arranged under the passenger compartment 10 and feed the motors of the motor bogies -composed each of two drive axles- located at each end of the motorized intermediate car 4.

The following four trailers 3 are also articulated and rest on carrier bogies 7, except for the ends of trailers 3 articulated with the motorized intermediate car 4 or with the pilot car 2, which are based on motor bogies 6. The second pilot car 2 is identical to the first.

All cars 2, 3, 4 of the railcar A have a passenger compartment 10. Each of the cars 2, 3, 4 communicates with the or each adjacent car by a gangway 11. As the vehicle is fully articulated, the self-propelled of the figure 1 has eleven bogies, six motorized bogies 6 and five carrying bogies 7, for a length of about 200 m. In this embodiment, all the axles of the motor bogies are motorized. Such an EMU can carry at least 550 passengers at a commercial speed of at least 330 km / h.

In each of the pilot cars 2 and motorized intermediate 4, the traction chain or chains 8 are arranged under the floor of the passenger compartment 10 in order to preserve the length of the passenger compartment 10. Fig. 1 schematically represents the location of the traction chains 8 under the entire length of the passenger compartments 10 of the cars 2 and 4 but, depending on the effective space requirement of the various components of the traction chain 8, this may extend in full or in part only under the floor of passenger compartments 10.

Alternatively, the traction chains 8 of the pilot cars 2 can be arranged in intermediate compartments between the driver's cab 9 and the passenger compartment 10.

Conventionally, each of the pilot cars 2 is provided with a pantograph 12 for capturing electrical energy on a catenary line (not shown).

A high voltage cable 13 distributes the electrical energy captured by each pantograph 12 to the traction chain 8 located in the car Motorized intermediate 4. For reasons of clarity of the drawings, the cables 13 are shown outside the cars in phantom. In practice, these cables extend for example on the roof.

The concentration of the traction chains 8 and the driving bogies 6 on a very limited number of cars makes it possible to limit the mass of the cables required, since only high voltage cables 13 extend between the pilot cars 2 and the traction chain. of the motorized intermediate car 4. These cables have a mass less than the mass of the power cables of the architectures of the railcars of the prior art. The complexity of the wiring is also significantly reduced.

Variants of the first embodiment

The figure 2 represents in the form of a table two possible configurations of the self-propelled vehicle according to the first embodiment given by way of example. Numbered only are pilot cars 2, motorized cars 4, traction chains 8, engine bogies 6, drive axles 5, carrier bogies 7, passenger capacity and possible operating speeds.

A self-propelled car consisting of seven cars, comprising two pilot cars 2, four trailers 3, a motorized intermediate car 4 and four motorized axles 5, requires only three traction chains 8. A single traction chain 8 is therefore arranged in the intermediate car motorized 4, unlike the first embodiment. In this variant, two motor bogies 6 support both ends of the motorized car 4, but each has only one drive axle 5. The place released by the second traction chain can be exploited to install auxiliary equipment or mass released can be exploited to install more seats in the compartment 10 of the car 4. In this same variant, only the bogies under the free ends of the pilot cars 2 are motorized, and they each have two drive axles 5. This seven-car variant therefore comprises four motor bogies 6 but six drive axles 5. This self-propelled can carry between 350 and 400 passengers (depending on interior fittings) and travel at least 300 km / h.

The second variant of ten cars of the self-propelled according to the invention is identical to the variant comprising seven cars except that it comprises three additional trailers. It can have the same performance as the self-propelled A of the first embodiment by increasing the power to the axle.

Thus, the self-propelled vehicle according to the invention is completely modular in terms of passenger capacity and speed since it can comprise seven to eleven cars, three or four traction chains 8, three to twelve drive axles 5 distributed over three to six motor bogies 6 and can reach a maximum speed of between 140 and 350 km / h.

This modularity is achieved by the simplification of the types of cars (drivers 2, trailers 3 and motorized 4) while applying the alternating rule of trailers and cars receiving a traction chain 8 and the alternating rule of the motor bogies 6 and carrier bogies 7 to respect the maximum load on the axle.

Second embodiment

As represented on the figures 1 , self-propelled A has only one-level cars. As a variant, the pilot cars 2 and the intermediate cars 3, 4 are at two levels, such as the figure 3 represents him.

Advantageously, in a self-propelled B having two-level cars, the lower level of a pilot car 2 and the motorized intermediate car 4 receiving a traction chain 8 serves to house this or these traction chains 8, the other level being reserved for travelers.

The interconnections 11 are placed high to move from one trailer 3 to another. On the other hand, the interconnections between the pilot cars 2 and the adjacent trailers 3 are at a low level. A staircase (not shown) disposed in the pilot car 2 and in the trailers 3 allow to reach the high level from the access doors (not shown) of the cars 2, 3, 4.

Third embodiment

For a short rail car, of the order of 120 to 160 m, it is advantageous to reduce the number of motor bogies by eliminating the motorized intermediate car 4 receiving the traction chain or chains 8, and to eliminate the associated motor bogies 6 .

Thus, in the variant shown on the figure 4 , on which references to elements similar to those of the figure 1 have been retained, a self-propelled C differs from that of the previous embodiments in that it comprises only trailers 3 devoid of traction chains 8. The self-propelled C is therefore free of motorized intermediate car 4 receiving a power train 8.

The self-propelled C comprises four motorized bogies 6, arranged under the free ends of the pilot cars 2, and straddling under the end of a pilot car 2 and the end of the adjacent trailer 3. According to the ratio power / mass desired, four to eight axles can be motorized, each motor bogie 6 having at least one drive axle 5.

Due to the removal of the motorized intermediate car 4, the power / mass ratio of a short rail car remains high enough for the railcar to circulate at high speed while having an optimized traction power in view of its operation. This possibility of adaptation of the traction power is not possible on a train, since the engines have a pulling power dimensioned for the maximum number of cars to tow: in case of removal of intermediate cars, the power is unnecessarily on -dimensionnée. The adaptation of the traction power is not easily achievable on a self-propelled motorized car since removing a car amounts to removing an element of the power train.

Claims (5)

Passenger coach car comprising: - two pilot cars (2) and intermediate cars (3, 4), - carrier bogies (7), - motor bogies (6) comprising at least one driving axle (5), characterized in that the cars (2, 3, 4) are all articulated together in pairs, - the self-propelled vehicle comprises three or four traction chains (8), a traction chain being disposed in each pilot car (2) and at least one traction chain being disposed in a single intermediate car (4), - a motor bogie (6) is disposed under at least one of the two ends of said pilot cars (2), - A motor bogie (6) is disposed under at least one of the two ends of said intermediate car (4) comprising at least one traction chain (8). Motor-car according to claim 1, characterized in that each traction chain (8) drives at least one drive axle (5) of the at least one driving bogie (6) arranged under one or under both ends of each car (2, 4) in which is arranged said traction chain (8). Self-propelled vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises, between the intermediate car (4) comprising at least one traction chain (8) and each of the pilot cars (2), at least one intermediate car (3). without traction chain (8). Self-propelled vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one intermediate car (3) without a traction chain (8) is supported at at least one of its ends by a bogie carrier (7). Self-propelled vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cars (2, 3, 4) have two levels.

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