FR2912364A1 - PASSENGER TRANSPORT AUTOMOTIVE - Google Patents

Abstract

This self-propelled vehicle is of the type comprising: - cars (2, 3, 4,), including two pilot cars (2) and intermediate cars (3, 4,), - carrying bogies (7), driving bogies (6), ) comprising at least one driving axle (5); - pulling chains (8) capable of supplying power to the motors of the driving bogies (6) .In accordance with one aspect of the invention, all the cars (2, 3, 4 ) have passenger compartments (10), the self-propelled car is fully articulated, the traction chains (8) are arranged in three cars (2, 4) and a motor bogie (6) is arranged under at least one end of each car (2, 4) receiving a traction chain (8).

Description

The present invention relates to a self-propelled passenger transport,

  and more particularly a self-propelled modular in terms of passenger capacity and maximum speed term.

  PRIOR ART The architectures of trains or railcars are differentiated according to whether they are with concentrated or distributed motorization, depending on whether the cars the components are linked in an articulated or non-articulated manner, according to the arrangement and the number of motor and carrying bogies, and depending on whether they are at one or two levels.

  For the sake of clarity, these different concepts are defined in the following paragraphs.

  Train or self-propelled vehicle A self-propelled vehicle comprises at least one motorized car, that is to say comprising at least one traveler compartment and at least one power train. A self-propelled vehicle may therefore comprise only motorized cars or comprise non-motorized cars and at least one motorized car. A train is composed of one or more motor vehicles and a number of passenger cars. A power unit is not accessible to passengers and includes among other things a power train.

  Concentrated or distributed motorization The traction chain comprises several pieces of equipment, which are either electrical components or electronic power and control components, adapted to pick up electrical energy from a traction source (for example a catenary line). , transforming it and converting it into electric power supply signals for electric motors of the driving bogies to ensure the train or the self-propelled drive.

  The motorization is said to be concentrated when all the components of the traction chains are grouped together in a single location, for example in the motor of a train. The engine is said to be distributed when the components of the power train are distributed over several cars, under the chassis of cars or on the roof.

  Articulated or non-articulated cars A bogie conventionally comprises a bogie frame resting on two axles. By axle means generally a pair of coaxial bearing wheels on the rails of a railway. A motor bogie comprises at least one electric motor for driving the wheels of at least one of its axles, called the driving axle. In contrast, a non-motorized bogie is called a carrier bogie.

  Two adjacent cars are articulated (or articulated) when a first car is supported by one of these ends on a bogie and the end opposite the second car rests on the end of the first . The bogie is therefore straddling under the ends of the two adjacent cars. A self-propelled car consisting of two articulated cars therefore has three bogies, since the free ends of the two cars each rest on a bogie. In contrast, two adjacent non-articulated cars are not, at each of their ends, resting on a common bogie, each car resting on two bogies. A self-propelled car consisting of two non-articulated cars therefore has four bogies.

  One- or two-level car A car is called one-level when it has a passenger compartment on a single floor level, and it is called two-level when it has two passenger compartments on two levels, superimposed on the other. one above the other.

  There are one-level, non-articulated trains with concentrated engines in one or two engines. Due to the non-articulation, this architecture has the disadvantage of having a large number of bogies which increases the resistance to progress and therefore the energy consumption of the self-propelled. A large number of bogies also require many maintenance operations.

  There are also self-propelled high-speed single-speed, non-articulated and distributed motorized, with different distributions of traction equipment in cars, different locations of motor bogies or drive axles according to the architectures. These self-propelled vehicles comprise several motorized cars, each resting on two bogies. This type of motorization requires a large mass of power cables needed to connect the energy harvesting device (s) to the motors through each traction equipment, cables that run between all cars equipped with either a device capture, either a traction chain equipment or a bogie engine.

  There are also one-level or two-level trains with mixed link and concentrated motorization. Passenger cars are based on carrying bogies and are framed by two engines, at each end of the train, resting on motor bogies. The links of this train are called mixed because different types of connections connect cars and motor. The cars are interconnected by an articulated connection, and the cars are connected to the motor by a non-articulated connection. This architecture has a reduced passenger capacity compared to a self-propelled car of identical length, since the 30 engines are not accessible to passengers.

  The performance of these vehicles is related to their architecture: it is possible to run a high-speed train at lower speeds, but at the expense of passenger capacity since the mass of the traction chains is not releasable. It is not possible to run a vehicle at a speed greater than its maximum speed since no power train or engine can be added simply. Manufacturers must therefore design a vehicle that is specific to each passenger speed / capacity range.

  It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a self-propelled vehicle which does not have the drawbacks of the architectures of the state of the art.

  For this purpose, the invention proposes a passenger railcar comprising two pilot cars and intermediate cars, carrying bogies, motor bogies comprising at least one driving axle and is characterized in that the cars are all hinged together. two, the self-propelled comprises three or four traction chains, a pull chain being disposed in each pilot car and at least one pull chain being disposed in a single intermediate car, a bogie engine is disposed in at least one of the two ends of said pilot cars, a motor bogie is disposed under at least one of the two ends of said intermediate car comprising a traction chain.

  The self-propelled vehicle comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in any technically possible combination: - each traction chain drives at least one drive axle of the at least one motor bogie arranged under one or under both ends of each car in which is disposed said pull chain; - The self-propelled vehicle comprises, between the intermediate car comprising at least one power train and each of the pilot cars, at least one intermediate car without a power train; - At least one intermediate car without a traction chain 5 is supported at at least one of its two ends by a bogie carrier; - the cars are on two levels.

  Description of the invention The self-propelled vehicle is entirely articulated, that is to say that the cars are all hinged together in pairs. A bogie is arranged astride the two adjacent ends of two adjacent cars, the free ends of the pilot cars resting on a single bogie.

  It comprises three or four traction chains, a traction chain being arranged in each pilot car and at least one traction chain being disposed in a single intermediate car. For this reason, this intermediate car will be called motorized intermediate car. The self-propelled engine is therefore concentrated motorization, the concentration being carried out in three cars, whether there are three or four traction chains.

  A motor bogie is disposed under at least one of the two ends of the two pilot cars and the motorized intermediate car comprising a traction chain. In other words, each car comprising a traction chain is supported at both ends by a motor bogie and a bogie carrier, or by two motor bogies.

  The self-propelled vehicle comprises, between the motorized intermediate car and each of the pilot cars, at least one intermediate car without a traction chain. As this intermediate car does not have a power train, it is called a trailer.

  A trailer is supported at at least one of its two ends by a bogie carrier. A trailer is supported at these ends either by a bogie carrier and a bogie engine, or by two bogies carriers.

  A self-propelled vehicle according to the invention therefore complies with a rule of alternation of cars comprising a traction chain and not including one, and a rule of alternation of motor bogies and carrier bogies in order to respect the maximum load of the vehicle. 'axle.

  Indeed, all rail vehicles must respect the constraint of the axle load, the value of which is imposed by the infrastructure or by the standards applicable on the lanes in which these vehicles run.

  The axle load of the self-propelled vehicle according to the invention is kept below the maximum permissible load because: each pilot car is supported on a dedicated bogie and a bogie 20 common with another car, and therefore has its load spread over a larger number of axles than the intermediate cars. Therefore, a pilot car can support a larger mass than other cars without exceeding the maximum axle load. Each pilot car therefore receives travelers, the power train and all or part of the auxiliary power generation equipment (electrical and pneumatic). - Trailers without traction chains have a lower curb weight than the pilot cars and the motorized car. - The motorized intermediate car receives passengers and equipment from at least one power train. However, the motor bogies at each end of the motorized car each support half the mass of the motorized intermediate car and half the mass of the adjacent trailer, since at least one trailer is interposed between the pilot car and the intermediate car. motorized. As a trailer is less heavy than the motorized intermediate car, each motor bogie disposed astride one end of the motorized intermediate car and under the end of the adjacent trailer supports an average mass which remains below the maximum load per hour. axle.

  The balancing of the masses on each bogie and bogie engine is also obtained by optimizing the distribution of different traction equipment or auxiliaries of the railcar, and the interior of the cars that differs depending on the desired comfort (type and number of different seats depending on the class of the car). The interior of the motorized intermediate car in particular depends on the mass of the or traction chains, which themselves depend on the desired performance of the self-propelled (multi-tension traction, maximum speed, etc.). For example, if the mass of traction equipment installed is high, the interior of the motorized intermediate car will be lightened and designed as a bar car, a car offering services or having a reduced passenger capacity compared to the capacity of the trailers. .

  Each traction chain drives at least one driving axle of the engine or bogies arranged under one or both ends of cars in which are arranged one or more traction chains.

  The self-propelled vehicle can therefore have three to twelve drive axles, depending on whether each pilot car and the motorized intermediate car are supported by one or two motor bogies, which themselves comprise one or two drive axles.

  An advantage of a fully articulated architecture is that the railcar is more stable in the event of a derailment. Due to the articulated architecture, the resistance to progress and therefore the energy consumption required to drive the vehicle remains limited compared to a non-articulated self-propelled vehicle of the same length, since there are fewer bogies. Maintenance operations are also reduced. Due to the self-propelled composition, the vehicle offers a large capacity since the entire length of the vehicle is used to receive passengers.

  An advantage of concentrating the powertrains in the pilot cars and in a single motorized intermediate car makes it possible to better protect and control the fires by physically separating the traction chains from each other, and physically separating the traction chains from the compartments. passengers.

  The invention and other advantages will be better understood on reading the following description, given by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which - Figures 1, 3 and 4 are schematic side views of multiple units according to the invention according to several embodiments, - Figure 2 is a table showing schematically the position 20 of the driving axles according to the number of cars constituting the railcar.

  By convention, the wheels of the driving axles are blackened in the figures. First embodiment As shown in Figure 1, a self-propelled A comprises seven trailers 3 and a motorized intermediate car 4 arranged between two pilot cars 2. 25 30 A first pilot car 2 is located at a first end of the self-propelled (starting from the left in Figure 1). It has a free end, where is located a driver's cab 9, and rests on a bogie engine 6 consisting of two drive axles 5. A first traction chain 8 is disposed under the passenger compartment 10 of the first pilot car 2. A its opposite end, the pilot car 2 is articulated with a first trailer 3. The two ends vis-à-vis the cars 2 and 3 based on a single bogie engine 6, consisting of two drive axles 5.

  The first trailer 3 thus shares at its first end a bogie engine 6 with the pilot car 2, and shares at its other end a bogie carrier 7 with the second trailer 3 adjacent. The second trailer 3 is articulated to the first trailer 3 and the third trailer 3. The second trailer 3 shares with each of the first and the third trailer 3 a bogie carrier 7. The third trailer 3 is hinged to a motorized intermediate car 4, located in the railcar of this embodiment in fifth position from the left.

  None of the first three trailers 3 receives a traction chain 8.

  The motorized intermediate car 4 shares, at each of these ends, a motor bogie 6 with the adjacent trailers. Two traction chains 8 are arranged under the passenger compartment 10 and feed the engines of the motor bogies - each composed of two drive axles - located at each end of the motorized intermediate car 4.

  The following four trailers 3 are also hinged and rest on carrier bogies 7, except for the ends of trailers 3 articulated with the motorized intermediate car 4 or with the pilot car 2, which are based on motor bogies 6. The second Pilot car 2 is identical to the first.

  All cars 2, 3, 4 of the railcar A have a passenger compartment 10. Each of the cars 2, 3, 4 communicates with the or each adjacent car by a gangway 11. As the vehicle is fully articulated, the self-propelled Figure 1 has eleven bogies, six motorized bogies 6 and five carrying bogies 7, for a length of about 200 m. In this embodiment, all the axles of the motor bogies are motorized. Such an EMU can carry at least 550 passengers at a commercial speed of at least 330 km / h.

  In each of the pilot cars 2 and motorized intermediate 4, or the traction chains 8 are arranged under the floor of the passenger compartment 10 to preserve the length of the traveler compartment 10. FIG. 1 schematically represents the location of the traction chains 8 under the entire length of the passenger compartments 10 of the cars 2 and 4, but depending on the effective space requirement of the various components of the traction chain 8, this may extend in all or only partly below the floor of passenger compartments 10.

  Alternatively, the traction chains 8 of the pilot cars 2 can be arranged in intermediate compartments between the driver's cab 9 and the passenger compartment 10. In a conventional manner, each of the pilot cars 2 is provided with a pantograph 12 for capturing the vehicle. electrical energy on a catenary line (not shown).

  A high voltage cable 13 distributes the electrical energy captured by each pantograph 12 to the drive train 8 located in the intermediate motorized car 4. For the sake of clarity of the drawings, the cables 13 are shown on the outside of the cars. in phantom. In practice, these cables extend for example on the roof.

  The concentration of the traction chains 8 and the driving bogies 6 on a very limited number of cars makes it possible to limit the mass of the cables required, since only high voltage cables 13 extend between the pilot cars 2 and the traction chain. of the motorized intermediate car 4. These cables have a mass less than the mass of the power cables of the architectures of the railcars of the prior art. The complexity of the wiring is also significantly reduced.

  Variants of the first embodiment FIG. 2 represents in the form of a table two possible configurations of the self-propelled vehicle according to the first embodiment given by way of example. Numbered only are pilot cars 2, motorized cars 4, traction chains 8, engine bogies 6, drive axles 5, carrier bogies 7, passenger capacity and possible operating speeds.

  A self-propelled car consisting of seven cars, comprising two pilot cars 2, four trailers 3, a motorized intermediate car 4 and four motorized axles 5, requires only three traction chains 8.

  A single traction chain 8 is therefore disposed in the motorized intermediate car 4, unlike the first embodiment. In this variant, two motor bogies 6 support both ends of the motorized car 4, but each has only one driving axle 5. The place released by the second traction chain can be exploited to install auxiliary equipment or the mass released in this way can be used to install more seats in the compartment 10 of the motorized intermediate car 4. In this same variant, only the bogies under the free ends of the pilot cars 2 are motorized, and they each comprise two drive axles 5. This variant seven cars thus has four engine bogies 6 but six drive axles 5. This self-propelled can carry between 350 and 400 passengers (depending on interior arrangements) and travel at least 3C) 0 km / h.

  The second variant of ten cars of the self-propelled according to the invention is identical to the variant comprising seven cars except that it comprises three additional trailers. It can have the same performance as the self-propelled A of the first embodiment by increasing the power to the axle.

  Thus, the self-propelled vehicle according to the invention is completely modular in terms of passenger capacity and speed since it can comprise seven to eleven cars, three or four traction chains 8, three to twelve drive axles 5 distributed over three to six motor bogies 6 and can reach a maximum speed of between 140 and 350 km / h.

  This modularity is achieved by the simplification of the types of cars (drivers 2, trailers 3 and motorized 4) while applying the alternating rule of trailers and cars receiving a traction chain 8 and the alternating rule of the motor bogies 6 and carrier bogies 7 to respect the maximum load on the axle.

  Second embodiment As shown in Figures 1, the self-propelled A comprises only cars at a single level. As a variant, the pilot cars 2 and the intermediate cars 3, 4 are at two levels, as FIG.

  Advantageously, in a self-propelled B having two-level cars, the lower level of a pilot car 2 and the motorized intermediate car 4 receiving a traction chain 8 serves to house this or these traction chains 8, the other level being reserved for travelers.

  The interconnections 11 are placed high to move from one trailer 3 to another. On the other hand, the interconnections between the pilot cars 2 and the adjacent trailers 3 are at a low level. A staircase (not shown) disposed in the pilot car 2 and in the trailers 3 allow to reach the high level from the access doors (not shown) of the cars 2, 3, 4.

  Third Embodiment For a short rail car, of the order of 120 to 160 m, it is advantageous to reduce the number of motor bogies by eliminating the motorized intermediate car 4 receiving the traction chain or chains 8, as well as to suppress the associated bogies 6 engines.

  Thus, in the variant shown in FIG. 4, in which the references to the elements similar to those of FIG. 1 have been retained, a self-propelled vehicle C differs from that of the preceding embodiments in that it comprises only trailers 3 without traction chains 8. The self-propelled vehicle C is thus devoid of a motorized intermediate car 4 receiving a traction chain 8.

  The self-propelled C comprises four motorized bogies 6, arranged under the free ends of the pilot cars 2, and straddling under the end of a pilot car 2 and the end of the adjacent trailer 3. Depending on the desired power / mass ratio, four to eight axles may be motorized, each motor bogie 6 having at least one drive axle 5.

  Due to the removal of the motorized intermediate car 4, the power / mass ratio of a short rail car remains high enough for the railcar to circulate at high speed while having an optimized traction power in view of its operation. This possibility of adaptation of the traction power is not possible on a train, since the engines have a pulling power dimensioned for the maximum number of cars to tow: in case of removal of intermediate cars, the power is unnecessarily on -dimensionnée. The adaptation of the traction power is not easily achievable on a self-propelled power unit since removing a car amounts to removing an element of the power train.

Claims (4)

  1- passenger railcar comprising: - two pilot cars (2) and intermediate cars (3, 4), - carrying bogies (7), - motor bogies (6) carrying at least one driving axle (5) , characterized in that: - the cars (2, 3, 4) are all hinged together in pairs, - the self-propelled vehicle comprises three or four traction chains (8), a traction chain being disposed in each pilot car (2) and at least one traction chain being disposed in a single intermediate car (4), - a motor bogie (6) is arranged under at least one of the two ends of said pilot cars (2), - a motor bogie (6) ) is disposed under at least one of the two ends of said intermediate car (4) comprising a traction chain (8).   2- self-propelled according to claim 1 characterized in that each traction chain (8) drives at least one drive axle (5) or bogies engines (6) arranged under one or under both ends of each car (2, 4). ) in which is disposed said traction chain (8).   3- car according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises, between the intermediate car (4) comprising at least one traction chain (8) and each of the pilot cars (2), at least one intermediate car ( 3) devoid of traction chain (8).   4. Self propelled according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one intermediate car (3) devoid of traction chain (8) is supported at at least one of its two ends by a bogie carrier (7). - Self-propelled according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cars (2, 3, 4) are at two levels.