EP1955809A1 - Werkzeug zum Bearbeiten von Stein- oder Betonböden - Google Patents

Werkzeug zum Bearbeiten von Stein- oder Betonböden Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1955809A1
EP1955809A1 EP07102181A EP07102181A EP1955809A1 EP 1955809 A1 EP1955809 A1 EP 1955809A1 EP 07102181 A EP07102181 A EP 07102181A EP 07102181 A EP07102181 A EP 07102181A EP 1955809 A1 EP1955809 A1 EP 1955809A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disc
machining
tool
machining element
plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07102181A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Håkan THYSELL
Kåre Kilgren
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HTC Sweden AB
Original Assignee
HTC Sweden AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HTC Sweden AB filed Critical HTC Sweden AB
Priority to EP07102181A priority Critical patent/EP1955809A1/de
Priority to PCT/SE2008/050153 priority patent/WO2008100210A1/en
Priority to AU2008216945A priority patent/AU2008216945A1/en
Priority to US12/523,833 priority patent/US20100136889A1/en
Publication of EP1955809A1 publication Critical patent/EP1955809A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B24D7/066—Grinding blocks; their mountings or supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/10—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B7/18—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding floorings, walls, ceilings or the like
    • B24B7/186—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding floorings, walls, ceilings or the like with disc-type tools

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tool for machining stone or concrete floors, comprising at least one rotatably mounted disc driven during use, which disc carries at least one machining element.
  • machining stone or concrete floors i.e. primarity grinding and polishing but also cutting, milling or crushing floor surfaces and/or cleaning these surfaces by removing coatings on them with the object of producing plane, clean and/or smooth floor surfaces commonly use a machining appliance which carries one or more rotatably mounted discs that in turn carries one or more machining elements.
  • This machining element or cutter/bit contacts the floor surface while performing a movement in a plane in parallel to the rotating disc, so that a machining of the floor surface is produced.
  • a disadvantage of known tools for machining of floor surfaces is that one and the same tool can not be used for carrier discs rotating in different directions when driven, whereby left hand and right hand versions of the tools have to be manufactured.
  • These left hand and right hand tool versions also have a disadvantage in that a left hand tool may not be mounted instead of a right hand tool or vice versa, whereby the risk of mistakes when mounting the tools increases.
  • prior art tools commonly only have one machining element and one supporting stud that restricts the cutting depth and which stud does not have any machining function, whereby the removal rate of these tools are relatively low.
  • prior art machining tools have a low resistance against shocks/strikes.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved machining tool, which eliminates or at least reduces the disadvantages for prior art machining tools.
  • a tool for machining floor and road surfaces comprises at least one rotatably mounted disc driven during use, which disc comprises at least one machining element being attached at one end to the disc.
  • the machining element has a free end with a symmetrically blunt shape, so that the disc can be driven in different directions with the same machining element in a plane essentially in parallel with the plane of the disc.
  • the machining element protrudes out of the disc with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the plane of the disc.
  • the machining element protrudes out of the disc with its longitudinal axis oblique in relation to the plane of the disc.
  • the disc which comprises at least one machining element protruding out of the disc with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the plane of the disc and at least one machining element protruding out of the disc with its longitudinal axis inclined in relation to the plane of the disc.
  • the machining element protrudes out of the disc with its longitudinal axis having an inclination angle of up to 45° in relation to an axis being perpendicular to the plane of the disc.
  • the free end of the machining element has a rounded shape, a spherical shape, is chamfered, or has a frustoconical shape.
  • the tool comprises a supporting stud with a support surface in parallel with the plane of the disc for contacting the floor surface, whereby the supporting stud in yet another embodiment is a machining element in that its support surface comprises machining abrasives. Furthermore, in another embodiment, the tool comprises a cutting element, which, in still another embodiment, has a back-rake angle of between 5°-20°.
  • the free end of the machining element is made of poly crystalline or poly compact diamond (PCD), or is made of mono crystalline diamond (MCD) in another embodiment,.
  • PCD poly crystalline or poly compact diamond
  • MCD mono crystalline diamond
  • the invention also concerns a machine for machining floor and road surfaces, comprising at least one tool with at least one rotating disc, which disc comprises at least one machining element in accordance with any of the embodiments defined above.
  • Providing the machining element in a tool for machining floors and road surfaces with a free machining end having a symmetrically blunt shape means that the machining element machines the floor and/or road surface similar to a mill or a crusher, and that the machining of the floor/road surface is performed independently of the direction of rotation of the tool. Furthermore, a blunt shape is less sensible for strikes against projections, irregularities, edges etc in the floor/road surface. This strike/shock resistance of the tool is further enhanced by making the tool end in poly crystalline or poly compact diamond.
  • the inventive machining element enhances the engagement for the cutting element in the floor/road surface by milling/scratching the floor/road surface "opening" it up for the cutting edge on the cutting element, which increases the removal rate.
  • Fig. 1 indicates a machine for machining surfaces on floors and roads with an abrading or machining tool 10 with at least one rotating disc 20, which is mounted rotatably and for abrasion/machining of surfaces is driven by a motor as is explained in more detail in for example the patent publication WO 94/08752 .
  • the floor and/or road surfaces may be stone, concrete, different types of asphalt, or different types of coatings on these surfaces, e.g. epoxy lacquers/resins/adhesives, plastic materials (e.g. plastic mats), paint, lacquer, or any other type of coating.
  • a suitable number of carrier plates 21 may be detachably attached (only one plate is mounted in Figs.
  • machining disc 20 is rotated substantially in a plane parallel to the surface in a known way and by means of known driver means.
  • discs 20 without carrier plates 21 may also be used.
  • Each carrier plate 21, as shown in Figs. 2-13 , and/or each disc 20, as shown in Figs. 14-29 supports at least one machining element 30 arranged in a predetermined manner.
  • the machining disc 20 is described for clarifying the invention, whereby the machining disc may be of any kind, e.g. as disclosed in EP-1 321 233 and/or WO 2004/108352 .
  • machining disc 20 In a preferred embodiment of the machining disc 20 (shown in Figs 2-21 and 24-29 ) only one or up to three machining elements are arranged for machining. In other embodiments more than three machining elements 30, e.g. four or more as shown in Figs. 22 and 23 , may be used, the number of elements being limited by costs associated therewith.
  • the machining element 30 shown in Figs. 2-29 is made of synthetic diamond, i.e. poly crystalline or poly compact diamond (PCD) or mono crystalline diamond (MCD).
  • the machining element 30 is securely attached directly to the disc 20 and/or the carrier plate 21 by means of press fitting, adhesion, or brazing in a recess, e.g. in the form of a bottom or through hole on the carrier plate or the disc.
  • the machining element 30 is shown with an elongated shape, i.e. a cylindrical shape with a circular cross-section but may of course have any other suitable cross-section shape, e.g. elliptical, square, rhomboid, rectangular etc.
  • the tool 10 for machining floor and road surfaces comprises the at least one rotatably mounted disc 20 driven during use, which disc carries the at least one machining element 30 being attached at one end 30a to the disc or the plate 21.
  • the machining element 30 has a free end 30b with a symmetrically blunt shape, i.e. it has no sharp cutting edges in any direction, so that the disc 20 can be driven in different directions with the same machining element. This is possible due to the fact that the symmetrically blunt shape does not hinder the movement of the disc 20 to different extents in different directions, instead it gives an essentially equal resistance/friction in all directions of movement when the element 30 is in engagement with the surface, i.e. independently of linear and/or rotational direction of the disc 20.
  • the directions could as mentioned be opposite rotational directions for the disc 20, e.g. clockwise and anti-clockwise, or linear movements of the disc 20 in different directions, e.g. back and forth, or combinations of these movements in varying patterns depending on the desired machining of the floor/road surface.
  • the machining element 30 protrudes out of the disc 20 or the plate 21 with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the plane of the plate ( Figs. 2-15 and 16-29 ). In another embodiment, the machining element 30 protrudes out of the disc 20 or the plate 21 with its longitudinal axis oblique in relation to the plane of the disc or plate ( Figs. 20 and 21 ).
  • both perpendicularly and inclined in relation to the plane of the disc/plate of the machining element 30 is possible in that its blunt end shape reduces the risk of jamming the free end 30b in the surface when the machining element is moved in different directions, and also when the direction is altered during a current machining of a surface.
  • One embodiment of the tool 10 comprises the at least one machining element 30 protruding out of the disc 20 or the plate 21 with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the plane of the disc/plate and at least one machining element 30 protruding out of the disc or plate with its longitudinal axis inclined in relation to the plane of the disc/plate, as shown in Figs. 20 and 21 .
  • the machining element 30 protrudes out of the disc 20 or the plate 21 with its longitudinal axis having an inclination angle ⁇ of up to 45° in relation to an axis V being perpendicular to the plane of the disc/plate, as shown in Figs. 20 and 21 .
  • one machining element extends perpendicularly and two machining elements 30 extend inclined with different angles a.
  • the left element is inclined with 30° and the right element is inclined with 45°. Any other angle between 0° and 45° for each element 30 and any combination of straight and/or oblique extending elements are possible for achieving the effect.
  • the free end 30b of the machining element 30 has a rounded shape, i.e. an all round shape, as shown in Figs. 2-29 , and in more detail in Figs. 24-29 .
  • the free end 30b of the machining element 30 has a dome-shape, and in still another embodiment, the free end 30b of the machining element 30 has a spherical shape as shown in Fig. 28 and 29 .
  • the free end 30b of the machining element 30 is bevelled/chamfered, i.e. chamfer round, as shown in Figs. 24-26 .
  • the free end of the machining element has a frustoconical shape as shown in Fig. 24, 26-27 .
  • Fig 25 Another embodiment is shown in Fig 25 where the free end 30b of the machining element has a conical shape transcending into a rounded tip.
  • Fig 27 one embodiment is shown where the free end 30 b has a frustoconical shape with a camber/cross slope shape. All of these shapes give a smoother surface of the free end 30b further reducing the friction with the machined surface and the risk of jamming the free end in the surface.
  • the tool 10 comprises a supporting stud 40 with a support surface 41 in parallel with the plane of the disc 20 or the plate 21 for contacting the surface, so that any surface is machined as plane as possible. This further reduces the risk of jamming the free end 30b of the machining element 30 in the surface during machining because it controls the depth of the engagement for the machining element with the surface, i.e. the milling/crushing effect of the machining element 30 is controlled.
  • the supporting stud 40 also is a machining element in that its support surface 41 comprises machining abrasives, which may be of any known type, e.g. a diamond matrix. This improves the removal rate when machining the surface and enhances the control of the engagement depth for the machining element 30 with the surface, and also makes the surface of the floor/road smoother reducing the risk of jamming the free end 30b into a too coarse surface.
  • machining abrasives which may be of any known type, e.g. a diamond matrix.
  • the supporting stud 40 has a underheight in relation to the free end 30b of the machining element 30. This further enhances the control of the engagement depth for the machining element with the surface, and further reduces the risk of jamming or machining the free end 30b too deep into the surface.
  • the tool 10 comprises a cutting element 50. This increases the removal rate for the tool when combined with the inventive machining element 30 when machining the surface due to the fact that at least two machining elements, i.e. the machining element 30 and the cutting element 50, cooperate in that the machining element 30 "opens up" the surface for the cutting element 50.
  • the third machining element 50 has a back-rake angle of between 5°-20°, preferably 15° as shown in Figs. 4 , 10-13 .
  • the first machining element 30 is shown together with the second machining and supporting element 40, i.e. the supporting stud 40.
  • Figs. 4 and 10-13 show the first machining element 30 together with the second machining and supporting element 40, i.e. the supporting stud 40, and the third machining element, i.e. the cutting element 50, but any other combination of one or more of these elements 30, 40, 50 is possible.
  • a first embodiment shown in Fig. 2 and 5-7 only one machining element 30 is arranged on the carrier plate 21, and in Figs 14-15 and 24-29 only one machining element 30 is arranged directly on the disc 20 eliminating the use of the carrier plate.
  • Figs. 1 only one machining element 30 is arranged on the carrier plate 21, and in Figs 14-15 and 24-29 only one machining element 30 is arranged directly on the disc 20 eliminating the use of the carrier plate.
  • first machining elements 30 are arranged on the respective carrier plate 21 or directly on the disc 20.
  • first machining elements 30 is arranged on the carrier plate 21 together with one supporting stud 40 and one cutting element 50.
  • Figs. 12-13 in another embodiment, three first machining elements 30 are arranged on the carrier plate together with one supporting stud 40 and one cutting element 50. All of these machining elements 30, 40, 50 may as described be attached directly onto the disc 20 eliminating the need of the intermediate carrier plate 21.
  • the size of the machining element 30 and its orientation together with its free length protruding out of the disc 20 or plate 21 may be chosen differently for different applications.
  • the machining element is for example between 2 to 20 mm in diameter and protrudes out of the disc 20 or the plate 21 with a length of at least 3 mm when used for machining and cleaning stone and/or concrete floors while it may have a larger diameter and may protrude out with a different length when used for machining roads, wherein a diameter of more than 20 mm and a free protruding length of more than 3 mm are suitable.
  • the machining element 30 may protrude out of the disc 20 or the plate 21 with its longitudinal axis having an inclination angle ⁇ of up to 45° in relation to the axis V being perpendicular to the plane of the disc/plate, i.e. the machining element 30 may extend in any direction out of the disc/plate in relation to the vertical axis V as long as the longitudinal axis is inclined not more than 45° from the vertical axis V.
  • the inclination of the longitudinal axis of the machining element is limited by a cone with a cone angle of 45° if the longitudinal axis of the machining element is swept 360° around the vertical axis V as seen in a plane being perpendicular to the vertical axis, i.e. a swept plane in parallel with the plane of the disc 20 or the plate 21, with the limiting inclination of 45°.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
EP07102181A 2007-02-12 2007-02-12 Werkzeug zum Bearbeiten von Stein- oder Betonböden Withdrawn EP1955809A1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07102181A EP1955809A1 (de) 2007-02-12 2007-02-12 Werkzeug zum Bearbeiten von Stein- oder Betonböden
PCT/SE2008/050153 WO2008100210A1 (en) 2007-02-12 2008-02-07 Tool for machining stone or concrete floors
AU2008216945A AU2008216945A1 (en) 2007-02-12 2008-02-07 Tool for machining stone or concrete floors
US12/523,833 US20100136889A1 (en) 2007-02-12 2008-02-07 Tool for machining stone or concrete floors

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07102181A EP1955809A1 (de) 2007-02-12 2007-02-12 Werkzeug zum Bearbeiten von Stein- oder Betonböden

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1955809A1 true EP1955809A1 (de) 2008-08-13

Family

ID=38137407

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07102181A Withdrawn EP1955809A1 (de) 2007-02-12 2007-02-12 Werkzeug zum Bearbeiten von Stein- oder Betonböden

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20100136889A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1955809A1 (de)
AU (1) AU2008216945A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2008100210A1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2992998A1 (de) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-09 M.B.H. Developpement Drehscheibe mit abnehmbaren schleifsegmenten
WO2016116452A1 (en) * 2015-01-20 2016-07-28 Htc Sweden Ab Carrier disk, system comprising such carrier disk and floor grinding machine
FR3068714A1 (fr) * 2017-07-10 2019-01-11 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Procede de rodage de piste d’essai en enrobe bitumineux
CN110924282A (zh) * 2019-12-17 2020-03-27 何海南 一种土木工程用道路切割机

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013106545B3 (de) * 2013-06-24 2014-07-10 Walter Schölkopf Fräsvorrichtung mit einem Werkzeugträger
US10414012B2 (en) 2017-01-13 2019-09-17 Husqvarna Construction Products North America, Inc. Grinding pad apparatus
BR112018005933B1 (pt) 2015-09-24 2022-04-05 Husqvarna Ab Conjunto de almofada de polimento ou lixação, e método de uso de um conjunto de almofada de polimento ou lixação
USD854902S1 (en) 2016-09-23 2019-07-30 Husqvarna Construction Products North America, Inc. Polishing or grinding pad
USD927952S1 (en) 2017-08-30 2021-08-17 Husqvarna Ab Polishing or grinding pad assembly with abrasive disk, spacer, reinforcement and pad
USD958626S1 (en) 2017-08-30 2022-07-26 Husqvarna Ab Polishing or grinding pad assembly with abrasive disks, reinforcement and pad
AU201810919S (en) 2017-08-30 2018-04-13 Husqvarna Construction Products North America Polishing or grinding pad assembly with abrasive discs reinforcement and pad
US10710214B2 (en) 2018-01-11 2020-07-14 Husqvarna Ab Polishing or grinding pad with multilayer reinforcement
US10926375B2 (en) 2018-06-20 2021-02-23 Gestion Anny Picard Inc. Pressure-fit grinding pad assembly and method of construction
DE102022127660A1 (de) 2022-10-20 2024-04-25 Schwamborn Gerätebau Gmbh Werkzeugsegment, Schleifwerkzeug und Schleifmaschine

Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0614726A2 (de) * 1993-03-08 1994-09-14 Ank, Rainer Schleifgerät, insbesondere zum Abstärken von Beton und Natursteinen
DE29612710U1 (de) * 1996-07-23 1996-09-12 Wassmer, Paul, 79423 Heitersheim Schleifwerkzeug zum Schleifen von insbesondere keramischen Werkstücken o.dgl.
EP1321233A1 (de) * 2001-12-12 2003-06-25 Gerätebau Wiedtal Schützeichel KG Schleifwerkzeug
NO315191B1 (no) * 2002-09-13 2003-07-28 Lyng Diamond Tools As Verktöy for bearbeiding av betongflater
DE10235176A1 (de) * 2002-08-01 2004-03-04 Elargo Engineering Gmbh Schleifgeräte, insbesondere zum Schleifen von Natur- und Kunststein
WO2004108352A2 (en) * 2003-06-11 2004-12-16 Htc Sweden Ab Carrier plate holding an abrading element and abrading plate
EP1679157A1 (de) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-12 Htc Sweden Ab Schleifteller mit Bearbeitungselement

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU654901B2 (en) * 1992-03-16 1994-11-24 De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited Polishing pad
US5243790A (en) * 1992-06-25 1993-09-14 Abrasifs Vega, Inc. Abrasive member
US5645617A (en) * 1995-09-06 1997-07-08 Frushour; Robert H. Composite polycrystalline diamond compact with improved impact and thermal stability
DE10208988B4 (de) * 2002-02-28 2010-04-01 Baulabor Dr.-Ing. Richter Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufrauhen von Straßenbelag
US7137875B2 (en) * 2004-12-10 2006-11-21 Htc Sweden Ab Grinding head for a mobile grinding machine and mobile grinding machine comprising such a grinding head

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0614726A2 (de) * 1993-03-08 1994-09-14 Ank, Rainer Schleifgerät, insbesondere zum Abstärken von Beton und Natursteinen
DE29612710U1 (de) * 1996-07-23 1996-09-12 Wassmer, Paul, 79423 Heitersheim Schleifwerkzeug zum Schleifen von insbesondere keramischen Werkstücken o.dgl.
EP1321233A1 (de) * 2001-12-12 2003-06-25 Gerätebau Wiedtal Schützeichel KG Schleifwerkzeug
DE10235176A1 (de) * 2002-08-01 2004-03-04 Elargo Engineering Gmbh Schleifgeräte, insbesondere zum Schleifen von Natur- und Kunststein
NO315191B1 (no) * 2002-09-13 2003-07-28 Lyng Diamond Tools As Verktöy for bearbeiding av betongflater
WO2004108352A2 (en) * 2003-06-11 2004-12-16 Htc Sweden Ab Carrier plate holding an abrading element and abrading plate
EP1679157A1 (de) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-12 Htc Sweden Ab Schleifteller mit Bearbeitungselement

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2992998A1 (de) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-09 M.B.H. Developpement Drehscheibe mit abnehmbaren schleifsegmenten
WO2016116452A1 (en) * 2015-01-20 2016-07-28 Htc Sweden Ab Carrier disk, system comprising such carrier disk and floor grinding machine
CN107405751A (zh) * 2015-01-20 2017-11-28 赫特先瑞典股份公司 支座盘、包括这种支座盘的系统和地板研磨机
US9931734B2 (en) 2015-01-20 2018-04-03 Htc Sweden Ab Carrier disk, system comprising such carrier disk and floor grinding machine
CN107405751B (zh) * 2015-01-20 2019-07-05 胡斯华纳有限公司 支座盘、包括这种支座盘的系统和地板研磨机
CN110497272A (zh) * 2015-01-20 2019-11-26 胡斯华纳有限公司 支座盘
CN110497272B (zh) * 2015-01-20 2021-05-07 胡斯华纳有限公司 支座盘
FR3068714A1 (fr) * 2017-07-10 2019-01-11 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Procede de rodage de piste d’essai en enrobe bitumineux
WO2019012419A1 (fr) * 2017-07-10 2019-01-17 Compagnie Générale Des Établissements Michelin Procede de rodage de piste d'essai en enrobe bitimineux
CN110892113A (zh) * 2017-07-10 2020-03-17 米其林集团总公司 研磨具有沥青表面的测试跑道的方法
CN110924282A (zh) * 2019-12-17 2020-03-27 何海南 一种土木工程用道路切割机
CN110924282B (zh) * 2019-12-17 2021-06-11 杨再均 一种土木工程用道路切割机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100136889A1 (en) 2010-06-03
AU2008216945A1 (en) 2008-08-21
WO2008100210A1 (en) 2008-08-21

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