EP1939412B1 - Echangeur thermique destiné au refroidissement de gaz de craquage - Google Patents

Echangeur thermique destiné au refroidissement de gaz de craquage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1939412B1
EP1939412B1 EP07033540A EP07033540A EP1939412B1 EP 1939412 B1 EP1939412 B1 EP 1939412B1 EP 07033540 A EP07033540 A EP 07033540A EP 07033540 A EP07033540 A EP 07033540A EP 1939412 B1 EP1939412 B1 EP 1939412B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
water
gas
cracked gas
jacket
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP07033540A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1939412A1 (fr
Inventor
Carsten Birk
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Borsig GmbH
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Borsig GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/188—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters using heat from a specified chemical reaction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1884—Hot gas heating tube boilers with one or more heating tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/40—Arrangements of partition walls in flues of steam boilers, e.g. built-up from baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B9/00—Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body
    • F22B9/10—Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body the boiler body being disposed substantially horizontally, e.g. at the side of the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0083—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium
    • F28D7/0091—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium the supplementary medium flowing in series through the units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1607—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
    • F28F2009/226—Transversal partitions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • pyrolysis or ethylene cracking furnaces form the key components for the production of the raw materials ethylene, propylene, butadiene and others for the plastics industry.
  • the starting materials used are saturated hydrocarbons, mainly ethane, propane, butane, natural gas, naphtha or gas oil.
  • the conversion of the saturated into the unsaturated hydrocarbons takes place in the cans of the cracking furnace, namely at inlet temperatures of 500 - 680 ° C and outlet temperatures of 775 - 875 ° C in a pressure range of 1.5-5 bar.
  • the unsaturated hydrocarbons In downstream cracked gas coolers at the outlet of the cracking furnace, the unsaturated hydrocarbons, the so-called cracking gases, from 775 to 875 ° C with the formation of high or low pressure steam to about 350 to 450 ° C cooled.
  • the "cooling water” has boiling temperature at a corresponding pressure. The cooling takes place due to the phase transition from liquid to gaseous.
  • the steam is in the ethylene plant z. B. used for steam turbines.
  • the cooling of the fission gas to form steam is carried out either in single-stage systems, with the complete cooling to about 350 - 450 ° C takes place in a single quench cooler or in two-stage systems in which a gradual cooling takes place in two successive split gas coolers; z. B. in the first step from 875 ° C to 550 ° C and in the second step from 550 ° C to 350 ° C.
  • the quench cooler have the corresponding designation primary and secondary radiator.
  • a fission gas cooler is known in which the fission gas is cooled by steam in a first cooling stage representing an evaporator and by steam in a second cooling stage representing a superheater.
  • an additional cooler is to be connected downstream of the quench cooler, in which the cracked gas is further cooled down by feed water.
  • the evaporator and the superheater are arranged in a common shell and separated by a partition, which prevents overflow of the cooling medium from one cooling stage to the other.
  • a heat exchanger for cooling flue gas which has a preheating zone and an evaporator zone within a common jacket. Serving as coolant feed water flows after passing through the preheating directly into the evaporator zone, from which a water / steam mixture is fed to a steam drum. Recirculating water from the steam drum is added to the preheated feed water prior to entering the evaporator zone.
  • the invention has for its object to make the generic, two subspaces within a common shell comprehensive heat exchanger for cooling fission gas such that the cooling of the fission gas more effective, reduces the apparatus design and pressure equalization between the subspaces is possible.
  • the lying on the gas inlet side of the fission gas subspace of the heat exchanger serves as an evaporator and cools the cracking gas to near the boiling point of the boiling water. Subsequently, the cracked gas passes into the lying on the gas outlet side of the quenching gas and serving as a preheater subspace, where the cracking gas is further cooled by the cooler feed water well below the boiling temperature of the water. As a result, the cooling of the fission gas is total more effective.
  • the heating feed water is either fed to the steam drum, where it is heated to boiling temperature, or it flows directly through the acting as a "leaking" tubesheet bulkhead in the evaporator section.
  • the intentionally permeable to the cooling medium partition wall ensures a pressure equalization between the subspaces.
  • the combination of evaporator and preheater is reduced to a common aggregate apparatus design of the quench cooling by the previously separate feedwater is integrated into the evaporator, thereby eliminating a complete cooler within the cooling row and the fission gas line between the evaporator and the feedwater and shorter Pipes to the steam drum are possible.
  • the heat exchanger shown serves to cool cracked gas in an ethylene plant.
  • the heat exchanger consists of a tube bundle of straight heat exchanger tubes 1, which are held in each case a tube plate 2, 3 on both sides of the tube bundle. In the drawing, for the sake of clarity, only some of the heat exchanger tubes 1 are shown.
  • Each tube plate 2, 3 is penetrated by holes in each one of the heat exchanger tubes 1 is inserted and welded by a weld with the tube plate 2, 3.
  • the tube bundle is enclosed by an outer jacket 4 which, together with the respective tube plates 2, 3, delimits an interior through which a cooling medium flows.
  • the tube plates 2, 3 is followed on the gas inlet side and on the gas outlet side in each case an end chamber, the inlet chamber 5 and the outlet chamber 6 at.
  • the inlet chamber 5 and the outlet chamber 6 are each provided with a nozzle for supplying or discharging the fission gas. All parts of the heat exchanger are made of a heat-resistant steel.
  • the hot gap gas introduced through the inlet chamber 5 impinges on the tube plate 2 and flows through the bores of the tube plate 2 into the heat exchanger tubes 1 and leaves the cooled region of the heat exchanger through the tube plate 3 at the other end.
  • the outlet chamber 6 the cooled cleavage gas is removed.
  • the arrows indicate the flow direction.
  • the interior of the heat exchanger is divided by a partition wall 7 into two subspaces 8, 9, so that two cooling sections have formed within the heat exchanger, each of which is acted upon by its own cooling medium and serve as the evaporator section or preheater section.
  • the lying on the gas inlet side of the fission gas subspace 8 of the horizontally disposed heat exchanger is provided on the bottom with multiple feed nozzle 10 and on the top with a plurality of Ab arrangementsstutzen 11 for a cooling medium.
  • the cooling medium is boiling, high-pressure water, which is one of the separation of water and steam serving water / steam drum 12 is removed.
  • a supply line 13 is connected to the supply nozzle 10, which starts from the water chamber 14 of the water / steam drum 12.
  • the discharge pipe 11 are connected to discharge lines 15 which open at a different location in the water space 14 of the water / steam drum 12 and the heat exchange with the Dissipate fission gas generated saturated steam.
  • the steam separated in the water / steam drum 12 is discharged via a steam pipe 17 extending from the steam space 16 of the water / steam drum 12.
  • the lying on the gas outlet side space 9 of the horizontally disposed heat exchanger is provided at the bottom with one or more feed port 18 in the vicinity of the tube sheet 3 and at the top with one or more discharge port 19 in the vicinity of the partition 7.
  • Feed water is fed into the subspace 9 via the feed connection 18.
  • baffles 20 are spaced from each other and arranged in parallel and below and above offset from each other, which act as baffles and lead the feed water in countercurrent to the fission gas through the subspace 9.
  • the feed water is preheated in heat exchange with the cracking gas and passed through a connected to the discharge port 19 discharge line 21 into the water space 14 of the water / steam drum 12.
  • the combination of evaporator section and preheater section to a common heat exchanger unit shortens the inlets and outlets between the heat exchanger and the water / steam drum 12. This arrangement makes it possible for the water / steam drum 12 directly on the jacket 4 of the heat exchanger to assemble. This creates a compact unit through which piping and the times for their installation can be saved.
  • the partition 7 between the two subspaces 8, 9 is a non-structural component, which only has the task to keep the currents in the subspaces 8, 9 apart.
  • the partition wall 7 is provided with bores 22 whose diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the heat exchanger tubes 1, so that the heat exchanger tubes 1 are guided through the partition wall 7 with clearance 23 therethrough.
  • the outer diameter of the partition wall 7 is less than the inner diameter of the jacket 4, so that in the installed state, a gap 24 between partition 7 and jacket 4 is made.
  • the partition wall 7 can be pushed into the jacket 4 with the tube bundle consisting of the heat exchanger tubes 1.
  • the gap 24 between the partition wall 7 and the jacket 4th a few millimeters, for example 2 mm, and the clearance 23 between the heat exchanger tubes 1 and the bores 22 in the partition wall 7 less than 1 mm, z. B. 0.6 mm.
  • the gap 24 and the game 23 are disproportionately large.
  • the partition 7 thus acts as a "leaking" tube sheet.
  • the feed water is supplied to the lying on the gas outlet side space 9 via pumps and is under a pressure that is slightly fluctuating or always higher than the pressure in the lying on the gas inlet side subspace 8. It is usually therefore always a pressure difference.
  • This pressure difference is compensated for by the fact that water from the subspace 9 located on the gas outlet side passes through the intentionally leaky separating wall 7 into the subspace 8 located on the gas inlet side.
  • the leaking from the lying on the gas outlet side space 9 leaking vaporizes in the lying on the gas inlet side compartment 8 and also passes into the water / steam drum 12th

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Echangeur de chaleur pour refroidir du gaz de crackage dans une installation d'éthylène, sur lequel des tuyaux d'échangeur de chaleur (1) traversés par le gaz de crackage sont insérés chacun sur leurs extrémités respectives dans une plaque tubulaire (2, 3) et sont entourés d'une enveloppe (4), sur chacun des deux côtés avant duquel une chambre d'extrémité (5, 6) limitée partiellement par l'une des plaques tubulaires (2, 3) est prévue pour l'arrivée et l'évacuation du gaz de crackage, l'espace intérieur, entouré par l'enveloppe (4), de l'échangeur de chaleur étant traversé par de l'eau comme agent refroidissant et étant divisé en deux zones situées l'une derrière l'autre dans le sens d'écoulement du gaz de crackage, la zone située sur le côté d'entrée du gaz de crackage et servant à l'évaporation de l'eau étant dotée de tubulures d'arrivée (10) et de tubulures d'évacuation (11) propres et étant reliée par une conduite d'arrivée (13) et des conduites d'évacuation (15) à un tambour eau/vapeur (12) et la zone située sur le côté sortie du gaz de crackage et servant au préchauffage de l'eau étant dotée d'une tubulure d'arrivée propre et étant traversée par de l'eau d'alimentation, caractérisé en ce que l'espace intérieur, entouré par l'enveloppe (4), de l'échangeur de chaleur est divisé par une cloison de séparation (7) agencée perpendiculairement aux tuyaux d'échangeur de chaleur (1) et traversée par les tuyaux d'échangeur de chaleur (1) en deux espaces partiels (8, 9) disposés l'un derrière l'autre dans le sens d'écoulement du gaz de crackage, en ce que la paroi de séparation (7) est perméable pour le passage de l'agent réfrigérant circulant à l'intérieur de l'échangeur de chaleur, en ce que l'une des zones est attribuée à chacun des espaces partiels (8, 9) et en ce que l'espace partiel (9) situé du côté sortie du gaz de crackage est doté en supplément d'une tubulure d'évacuation (19) et relié par une conduite d'évacuation (21) au tambour eau/vapeur (12).
  2. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la pression de l'eau d'alimentation dans l'espace partiel (9) situé du côté sortie du gaz de crackage est supérieure à la pression de l'eau bouillonnante dans l'espace partiel (8) situé du côté entrée du gaz de crackage.
  3. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la paroi de séparation (7) est conçue comme un composant non porteur.
  4. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une fente (24) existe entre le pourtour extérieur de la paroi de séparation (7) et le diamètre intérieur de l'enveloppe (4).
  5. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les tuyaux d'échangeur de chaleur (1) traversés par le gaz de crackage sont guidés avec du jeu (23) à travers des perçages (22) appliqués dans la paroi de séparation (7).
EP07033540A 2006-11-24 2007-11-02 Echangeur thermique destiné au refroidissement de gaz de craquage Active EP1939412B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006055973A DE102006055973A1 (de) 2006-11-24 2006-11-24 Wärmetauscher zur Kühlung von Spaltgas

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1939412A1 EP1939412A1 (fr) 2008-07-02
EP1939412B1 true EP1939412B1 (fr) 2010-10-13

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EP07033540A Active EP1939412B1 (fr) 2006-11-24 2007-11-02 Echangeur thermique destiné au refroidissement de gaz de craquage

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7784433B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1939412B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5368694B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE484653T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102006055973A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2351522T3 (fr)

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DE502007005333D1 (de) 2010-11-25
JP5368694B2 (ja) 2013-12-18
DE102006055973A1 (de) 2008-05-29
US7784433B2 (en) 2010-08-31
ATE484653T1 (de) 2010-10-15
EP1939412A1 (fr) 2008-07-02
ES2351522T3 (es) 2011-02-07
JP2008145097A (ja) 2008-06-26
US20080121383A1 (en) 2008-05-29

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