EP1926841A1 - Procede de pulverisation de gaz froid - Google Patents

Procede de pulverisation de gaz froid

Info

Publication number
EP1926841A1
EP1926841A1 EP06793543A EP06793543A EP1926841A1 EP 1926841 A1 EP1926841 A1 EP 1926841A1 EP 06793543 A EP06793543 A EP 06793543A EP 06793543 A EP06793543 A EP 06793543A EP 1926841 A1 EP1926841 A1 EP 1926841A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
particles
nanoparticles
cold gas
microencapsulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06793543A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1926841B1 (fr
Inventor
Rene Jabado
Jens Dahl Jensen
Ursus KRÜGER
Daniel Körtvelyessy
Volkmar LÜTHEN
Uwe Pyritz
Ralph Reiche
Raymond Ullrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1926841A1 publication Critical patent/EP1926841A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1926841B1 publication Critical patent/EP1926841B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cold gas spraying method, in which a strat on to be coated a sub ⁇ directed cold gas jet is produced by a cold spray nozzle, the coating forming the loading particles are added.
  • the aforementioned cold spray method is ⁇ example, from DE 102 24 780 Al known.
  • Parti ⁇ kel which are to form a coating on a substrate to be coated, placed in a cold spray nozzle generated by means of a cold gas jet, and by this preference as to supersonic speed accelerates. Therefore ⁇ tref fen on the particles to the substrate with a high kinetic energy sufficient to ensure adhesion of the particles on the substrate or to each other.
  • coatings can be produced with high deposition rates, with thermal activation of the particles not being necessary or only to a small extent. Therefore, thermally relatively sensitive particles can be used for film formation. Due to the requirement of injecting kinetic energy into the particles, it is necessary that they have sufficient inertia. Therefore, the cold gas spraying is limited to particle sizes above 5 microns.
  • a thermal coating process can be used.
  • the nanoparticles in a ⁇ flues are suspended stechnik and with this liquid to the flame beam of the thermal coating process supplied. Since at ⁇ can also be used mixtures of liquids, the composition of the nanostructured layer can be influenced thereby.
  • the use of thermal spraying is limited to applications of this method to ⁇ layer materials having a high heat resistance be ⁇ when the nanostructuring of the supplied nano particles to be retained (for. Example, ceramic particles).
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for
  • nanostructured layers of relatively temperaturempfindli ⁇ raw raw materials can be produced with the nanostructured layers of relatively temperaturempfindli ⁇ raw raw materials.
  • nanoencapsulated agglomerates of nanoparticles used ⁇ the have a sufficient mass inertia with respect to the application of the cold gas spraying process so that they adhere to the substrate to be coated during acceleration.
  • the microencapsulation of the nanoparticles according to the invention thus has the purpose that the nanoparticles can even be incorporated into a forming coating.
  • the benefits can the nanoparticles ge ⁇ uses are.
  • nanostructured coatings can be produced whose structure is determined by the nanostructure of the nanoparticles.
  • nanoparticles are accessible to the cold gas spraying with the method according to the invention, it is also possible to use relatively temperature-sensitive nanoparticles, since this method can be carried out in relation to thermal spraying at low temperatures. This concludes, however not a certain warming of the cold gas jet, through which an additional activation of the particles can take place.
  • the energy input into the cold gas jet is dimensioned such that the microencapsulation of the particles is destroyed on the substrate.
  • the ⁇ that the properties of the formed coating is determined solely by the properties of the nanoparticles, while the decomposition products of microencapsulation escape into the environment.
  • This can be achieved by the fact that the microencapsulation in comparison to the nanoparticles has a significantly lower boiling point, for example, so that the film formed on the substrate due to the impact of the particles heat to evaporate the Mikrover ⁇ sufficient encapsulation without zen the nanoparticles screwschmol ⁇ be ,
  • the microencapsulation can also be deliberately selected such that it can be incorporated, for example, as a filler in the coating . Emerge with compo- site from the nanoparticles and Selung the material of Mikroverkap ⁇ , whose properties can be adjusted to the required requirements.
  • the microencapsulation could include polymers while the nanoparticles are formed from hard materials (eg, ceramics such as TiO 2 ). This makes it possible ⁇ make, which has a tremendous ductility and adhesion due to the properties of the plastic matrix has a wear-resistant layer of plastic material due to the hardness of the Na ⁇ nopgregate.
  • the energy input into the cold gas jet is measured such that the microencapsulation is incorporated into the coating.
  • the method the nature of the particles used for the coating is largely retained, wherein the microencapsulation forms a matrix in the coating are in the ent the nanoparticles ⁇ hold.
  • a restructuring within the particles can take place depending on the energy input into the cold gas jet.
  • the energy input into the cold gas jet is changed during the construction of the coating. This makes it possible to influence the structure of the coating, depending on the layer thickness, so that layers with variable properties can be produced over the layer thickness.
  • the energy input can be changed abruptly in order to create a layered structure of the coating. to generate, or continuously changed to
  • the energy input into the cold gas jet can essentially be influenced by two energy components.
  • the kinetic energy input can be influenced by the degree of acceleration of the particles in the cold gas jet. This is the main influencing variable since, according to the principle of cold gas spraying, the kinetic energy of the particles causes the coating to form.
  • Another way of loading ⁇ influencing the energy input is the aforementioned Mög ⁇ friendliness, perform additional thermal energy to ⁇ the cold gas jet. This supports the heating of the particles on ⁇ basis of the implementation of kinetic energy when hitting the forming coating.
  • the addition of the different types of particles takes place during the construction of the coating.
  • a reactive gas to be added to the cold gas jet, which reacts with constituents of the particles in the formation of the coating.
  • a re- active gas can in particular oxygen be added what example ⁇ as leads in the use of metal nanoparticles in the formation of oxides whose properties can be used a wear protection in a targeted in the finished coating.
  • the reactive gas contributes to the dissolution of the material of the microencapsulation.
  • the activation energy for the reac ⁇ tion with the reactive gas arises advantageously only in the time ⁇ point of impingement of the particles on the forming coating, if the kinetic energy of the particles is converted into thermal energy.
  • various nanoparticles are contained in the particles.
  • the mixtures of nanoparticles in the particles can react with one another when these particles strike the forming coating or form structural phases which have a mixture of the elements contained in the nanoparticles.
  • nanoparticles By a suitable selection of the nanoparticles it can also be achieved that the different types of nanoparticles react with one another during the formation of the coating. In this way, precursors of reaction products can be produced as nanoparticles, their reaction products would raise as nanoparticles problems Her ⁇ position.
  • nanostructure of the coating is specifically changed in a heat treatment step following the coating. Due to the heat action step may be in the structure of the naofashioned possessing
  • Coating Diffusion processes of individual alloying elements of the nanoparticles or between nanoparticles of different composition can be set in motion, whereby by temperature and duration during the heat treatment, the structural change can be specifically influenced. Furthermore, any stresses can be reduced by the heat treatment in the coating.
  • auxiliaries for layer formation in particular grain growth inhibitors, are contained in the particles.
  • grain growth inhibitors it is possible, for example, to obtain the nanostructure in a heat treatment of the nanostructured layer with a simultaneous reduction of stresses in the microstructure.
  • Grain growth inhibitors are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,287,714 Bl.
  • a favorable application of the method is vorteilhafter- example is that the substrate is formed by a plastic body, in particular a lamp base, wherein as Be ⁇ coating a protective layer against electromagnetic Strah ⁇ development especially in the UV region is formed, which to ⁇ composition in at the lamp base adjacent region is modified in terms of good adhesion to the lamp cap.
  • the lamp base to be coated may, for example, be lamp sockets of gas discharge lamps for use in motor vehicle headlamps.
  • the proportions of the headlight light in the UV range are in fact harmful to the lamp base made of plastic, which decomposes under its influence during prolonged operation of the gas discharge lamp.
  • the necessity of coating the lamp base for protection against UV radiation can be example of EP 1 460 675 A2.
  • the problem to be solved in the coating is that the appropriate UV protection layers have a ceramic microstructure and, therefore, tend because of their brittle behavior zuplatzen of the ductile base material of the lamp base from ⁇ .
  • This can be prevented by the inventive use of the described method in that the composition of the layer on the lamp base is optimized in terms of good adhesion.
  • a polymer portion, which simultaneously forms the microencapsulation can be incorporated into the layer so that it achieves properties which are comparable in terms of ductility to those of the base material.
  • a gradient layer can then be formed in which the proportion of polymer material decreases toward the surface of the layer and finally completely disappears, since this must be kept away from the radiation of the lamp as a UV-light-sensitive component.
  • the UV-opaque components for example copper oxide, can be provided as nanoparticles in the microencapsulation, with the proportion of such nanopatterns being increased towards the surface of the layer up to a proportion of 100%.
  • a multi-tiered structure can be ger preferably, the proportion of polymeric material ⁇ is gradually decreased. Also, it is possible to use as the ductility-increasing portion in the coating not a polymer material but elemental copper. This can either be sprayed together as a mixture of nanoparticles with copper oxide. Another possibility is to use only copper as a nanoparticle, and at the same time oxygen as a reactive gas in the cold gas jet which leads to oxidation of the nanoparticles from copper.
  • FIG. 1 shows a coating plant for carrying egg ⁇ nes embodiment of erfindungsge ⁇ MAESSEN method schematically
  • Figures 2 to 4 show embodiments of microencapsulated
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the inventive method and ⁇ SEN
  • Figure 6 is a gas discharge lamp for motor vehicles, which has been coated with egg ⁇ nem embodiment of erfindungsge- MAESSEN method.
  • a coating system for the cold gas ⁇ illustrated syringes.
  • This has a vacuum container 11, in the one hand, a cold spray nozzle 12 and arranged on the other hand, a substrate to be coated 13 (Be ⁇ attachment not shown in detail).
  • a process gas can be supplied to the cold spray nozzle.
  • This has, as indicated by the outline, a Laval form through which relaxes the process gas and a cold gas stream (arrow 15) is accelerated tes to a surface 16 of the Substra ⁇ 13 back into shape.
  • the process gas can be used as reakti ⁇ ves gas such as oxygen contained 17 which participating in a reaction at the surface 16 of the substrate 13 is is.
  • the process gas can be heated in not dargestell ⁇ ter manner, which can be set in the vacuum container 11, a required process temperature.
  • Particles 19 are supplied, which are accelerated ⁇ nigt in the gas jet and impinge on the surface 16.
  • the kineti ⁇ cal energy of the particles 19 leads to the formation of a layer 20, in which the oxygen 17 can be incorporated.
  • the processes occurring during the layer formation are explained in more detail below.
  • the substrate 13 in the direction of the double arrow 21 in front of the cold gas nozzle 12 are moved back and forth.
  • the vacuum in the vacuum container 11 is constantly maintained by a vacuum pump 22, wherein the process gas is passed through a filter 23 before being passed through the vacuum pump 22 to filter out particles and other Restpro ⁇ products of the coating, which when hitting the surface 16 were not tied to this.
  • the particles 19 consist of an agglomerate 25 of nanoparticles, which are held together by a microencapsulation 26b.
  • the microencapsulation 26b is retained when the particles 19 impact the substrate 13.
  • the microencapsulation thus represents a matrix in which the agglomerate of nanoparticles is bound.
  • the nanoparticles can consist, for example, of copper oxide with which a UV protective coating can be applied in the case of a lamp according to FIG.
  • the microencapsulation in this case would consist of the material of the lamp cap, for example a polymer, so that an excellent adhesion of the nanoparticles bound in the microencapsulation 26b arises.
  • the kinetic energy which is impressed on the particles 19 by the cold gas nozzle 12 can be increased, so that more and more evaporation of the microencapsulation 26 occurs when the particles strike the forming layer 20.
  • a gradient layer can be on the ⁇ se produced whose generated surface is composed solely of copper oxide, to produce an effective UV protection for the polymer of the substrate. 13
  • the structure of the particles 19 according to the embodiment of Figure 1 can be seen in Figure 3.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 show different forms of agglomerated nanoparticles 27 in different microcapsules 26a, 26b, 26c.
  • a microencapsulation 26a can be formed by introducing the nanoparticles 27 into a suspension .
  • the nanoparticles agglomerate to give agglomerates corresponding to the amount of nanoparticles 27 shown in FIG.
  • a Material added which det microencapsulation 26a ausbil ⁇ may be, for example, molecules which form a so-called self-assembling layer, ie a self-structuring layer, around the respective agglomerate of nanoparticles 27.
  • This process of self-assem- bling is supported in particular by nanoparticles 27 which themselves have a charge or are designed as dipoles .
  • the microencapsulation 26b according to FIG. 3 is produced in a similar manner to that according to FIG. 2 in a suspension. However, he follows the ⁇ of the nanoparticles and the preparation of the microencapsulation agglomerate at the same time, so that the crosslinking of polymer molecules, for example, the lung, the Mikroverkapse ⁇ 26b form, fixes the agglomerate that forms.
  • the particles 19 according to Figure 3 are suitable for embodiments of the method according to the invention, in which the material of the micro-encapsulation ⁇ should be homogeneously incorporated into the layer or in which the material of the microencapsulation is to prevent a reaction of the nanoparticles 27 before the film formation. In this way, for example, reactive mixtures of nanoparticles can be embedded in a microencapsulation.
  • FIG. 4 shows a particle 19 which has a multilayer structure.
  • the particles 19 according to FIG. be produced by the company Capsulution ® am
  • LBL-Technology® LBL means layer by layer
  • the nanoparticles are suspended in an aqueous solution according to this process. wherein the formation of the microencapsulated Selungen electrostatic forces to the agglomerates of the mate rials ⁇ microencapsulation be used.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • a particle 19 is accelerated to the surface 16 of the substrate 13 and easily deforms it upon impact, whereby the microencapsulation 26a is blasted off.
  • the nanoparticles 27 form the coating 20, which becomes more and more di beierous as the method continues.
  • the energy input through the cold spraying process is adjusted so that the microstructure of the nanoparticles
  • the nanostructure of the forming layer 20 is determined by the size of the nanoparticles.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of an application for a protective layer formed according to the method according to FIG. 1
  • the illustrated lamp 31 is a gas discharge lamp for motor vehicle headlamps.
  • the lamp base 29 is provided only in the region with the protective layer 28, which is exposed directly to the UV radiation.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de pulvérisation de gaz froid pour recouvrir de particules un substrat à enduire. Selon l'invention, les particules utilisées sont des agglomérats de nanoparticules (27a, 27b) microencapsulées, d'où la possibilité de mettre en valeur les avantages qu'offre l'utilisation de nanoparticules pour la couche à réaliser. Les nanoparticules (27a, 27b) sont maintenues ensemble au moyen de microcapsules (26c), les particules ainsi microencapsulées (19) ayant alors des dimensions de l'ordre du micromètre, condition nécessaire à leur utilisation pour la pulvérisation de gaz froid. Ces nanoparticules microencapsulées peuvent servir, par exemple, à réaliser un revêtement de protection contre les UV sur des socles de lampes à décharge gazeuse.
EP06793543.7A 2005-09-23 2006-09-15 Procede de pulverisation de gaz froid Not-in-force EP1926841B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005047688A DE102005047688C5 (de) 2005-09-23 2005-09-23 Kaltgasspritzverfahren
PCT/EP2006/066392 WO2007033936A1 (fr) 2005-09-23 2006-09-15 Procede de pulverisation de gaz froid

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1926841A1 true EP1926841A1 (fr) 2008-06-04
EP1926841B1 EP1926841B1 (fr) 2014-08-20

Family

ID=37085297

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06793543.7A Not-in-force EP1926841B1 (fr) 2005-09-23 2006-09-15 Procede de pulverisation de gaz froid

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8080278B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1926841B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005047688C5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007033936A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110039024A1 (en) 2011-02-17
DE102005047688B3 (de) 2006-11-02
US8080278B2 (en) 2011-12-20
DE102005047688C5 (de) 2008-09-18
WO2007033936A1 (fr) 2007-03-29
EP1926841B1 (fr) 2014-08-20

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