EP1923634A1 - Adjustment of fuel gas/air mixture via the burner or flame temperature of a heating device - Google Patents
Adjustment of fuel gas/air mixture via the burner or flame temperature of a heating device Download PDFInfo
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- EP1923634A1 EP1923634A1 EP07033545A EP07033545A EP1923634A1 EP 1923634 A1 EP1923634 A1 EP 1923634A1 EP 07033545 A EP07033545 A EP 07033545A EP 07033545 A EP07033545 A EP 07033545A EP 1923634 A1 EP1923634 A1 EP 1923634A1
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- Prior art keywords
- burner
- temperature
- fuel gas
- flame temperature
- flame
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- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
- F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2225/00—Measuring
- F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
- F23N2225/16—Measuring temperature burner temperature
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling a fuel gas-air mixture via the measured at the burner, the burner flame or in the vicinity of the burner flame of a heater temperature.
- the WO 2006/000366 A1 discloses a method for controlling a fuel gas-air mixture of a burner, in which the flame temperature is detected and regulated in dependence on the desired burner load and air ratio to a target temperature in the steady state. For this purpose, characteristic curves are used which assign the burner load to a specific setpoint temperature.
- a target temperature to be controlled is determined. If, for example, the load is increased, on the one hand the current temperature is measured and the setpoint temperature is determined. If the setpoint temperature is greater than the outlet temperature, the fuel quantity is enriched until the deviation of the actual value from the setpoint value no longer exists. Since a certain inertia is to be expected during a load change due to the heat capacity of the burner system, the measured temperature changes even in the dynamic state, if the fuel quantity is not changed. So while at Load change, the temperature in the dynamic state of a starting temperature to a higher set temperature increases continuously, teaches the WO 2006/000366 A1 to additionally grease the fuel quantity.
- the fuel gas-air mixture is first over-enriched; the temperature rises above the setpoint temperature, which is why the amount of fuel gas is emaciated, whereby it falls below the setpoint temperature. Ultimately, the temperature swings to the setpoint temperature.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for controlling a fuel gas-air mixture on the burner or flame temperature available, in which to avoid pollutant emissions, the heating or cooling of the burner components, especially during the starting phase and the modulation phase in dynamic state is taken into account.
- a PI controller For the regulation of the fuel gas-air mixture, a PI controller is preferred.
- a control value is used to determine a control value from a control deviation (difference between setpoint and actual temperature).
- a control deviation difference between setpoint and actual temperature.
- I-controller or P-controller
- the control can regulate very quickly with a very large selected integral component (I component), but there is a large jump in the temperature profile or a strong CO emission.
- I component integral component
- CO emission When choosing a very small I component, the jump is very small, but the regulation time is very long.
- the inertia of a temperature measurement system must be considered. This can be traced back both to the sensors used and to the system behavior itself.
- the burner surface temperature T is low at a higher power and high at a low load since the flame lifts Q ⁇ from the burner surface with increasing load.
- FIG. 2 shows the system behavior during a load change (modulation jump) of the heater from 20 kW to 10 kW.
- the diagram illustrates that during operation, the difference between a burner or flame target temperature T 2 , to which it is to be controlled, and an output temperature T 0 can be relatively large.
- the system behaves during startup, because the heater (or the burner temperature) passes from the cold state in a modulation-dependent hot state.
- Curve 3 in FIG. 2 shows the behavior of a heater with a modulation jump from 20 kW to 10 kW on the condition that the air ratio lambda is kept constant.
- the burner or flame temperature of the curve 3 follows as a function of the time t, which can be reproduced by means of an exponential function, up to a stationary final value.
- T 1 t T 0 + T 2 - T 0 ⁇ e - ⁇ t
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to modify a stationary setpoint temperature value T 2 of the control into a setpoint value T 1 (t) as a function of time, the time profile of the burner or setpoint flame temperature T 1 of an e-function (such as curve 3, FIG. Figure 2) follows and depending on the output and burner or flame set temperature of the modulation or the load change is.
- Indicators of a well-functioning control system are, in addition to the CO 2 emissions that result from the excess air, especially under safety aspects, the CO emissions.
- FIG. 3 shows values of the CO emissions of the system with an exemplary modulation jump from 20 kW to 10 kW.
- the curve 1 shows a CO curve in the event that a control would dose the amount of gas in such a way that it would be regulated to the temperature target value immediately after the burner start. In this case, due to the large temperature difference, the gas valve would open so much that the combustion would no longer be standard or "clean".
- Curve 2 shows a CO trend, taking into account the procedure according to the invention at the same modulation jump (from 20 kW to 10 kW) sets.
- the CO emission according to the inventive control shown as curve 2 in Figure 3, shows that the CO emissions can be kept permanently at a low level.
- the excessive pollutant emissions which occur during combustion, in particular during the heating phase at startup or during modulation jumps, which would occur if the procedure according to the invention were regulated directly to the target temperature, are prevented.
- Another embodiment provides an approximation of the setpoint temperature T 1 the heating behavior of the system (curve 6, Figure 4) via linear sections within a characteristic before, z. B. via an approach with two (curve 5, Figure 4) or with several sections (curve 4, Figure 4) such that always a sufficient combustion quality is guaranteed.
- the heat demand of 20 kW corresponding step number (eg 280) is determined and set.
- the moment of a modulation jump or a heat load change is kept fixed by setting the time t to the value 0.
- the time profile of the burner or flame temperature T 1 is determined according to equation 1 ( Figure 7). The burner or flame temperature is measured and compared with the calculated burner or flame temperature T 1 (t).
- the control only intervenes when a deviation of the measured burner or flame temperature (actual temperature) from the calculated burner or flame temperature T 1 (t) (setpoint temperature) occurs.
- This deviation between the actual and desired temperature is controlled by the stepper motor of the gas valve, so that when the measured burner or flame temperature is greater than the calculated burner or flame temperature T 1 (t), the fuel gas flow is reduced or the amount of air is increased or if the measured burner or flame temperature is greater than the calculated burner or flame temperature T 1 (t), the fuel gas flow is reduced or the amount of air is increased.
- the inventive method is terminated as soon as the measured burner or flame temperature of the burner or flame setpoint T 2 corresponds.
- the control method according to the invention is intended to prevent the pollutant emissions which occur during combustion, in particular during the start or during modulation jumps during the modulation. It is not regulated directly to a predetermined end-desired temperature value, but by the natural heating or cooling behavior of the system is integrated into the scheme. Thus, larger jumps in the temperature difference between the target and actual temperature are avoided and achieved a good combustion quality.
- An unclean system behavior eg. B. when heating the system after the burner start is avoided, in which the control after the burner start is always in operation and the quality of combustion is permanently tested and regulated.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Regelung eines Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches über die am Brenner, an der Brennerflamme oder in der näheren Umgebung der Brennerflamme eines Heizgerätes gemessene Temperatur.The invention relates to a method for controlling a fuel gas-air mixture via the measured at the burner, the burner flame or in the vicinity of the burner flame of a heater temperature.
Zur Regelung eines Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches von Heizgeräten, insbesondere von Brennwertgeräten, kann die Messung der Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur genutzt werden. Grundlage einer solchen Regelung ist das Einstellen eines Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches auf eine Zieltemperatur, die z. B. am Brenner gemessen wird. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass größere Abweichungen in einer Temperaturdifferenz (zwischen einer Soll- und Ist-Temperatur) vermieden werden sollen, da ansonsten durch den Anstieg der entstehenden CO -Emissionen die Verbrennungsqualität leidet.
Die
The
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Regelung eines Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches über die Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dem zur Vermeidung von Schadstoffemissionen die Erwärmung bzw. die Abkühlung der Brennerkomponenten insbesondere während der Startphase und der Modulationsphase im dynamischen Zustand berücksichtigt wird.The invention has for its object to provide a method for controlling a fuel gas-air mixture on the burner or flame temperature available, in which to avoid pollutant emissions, the heating or cooling of the burner components, especially during the starting phase and the modulation phase in dynamic state is taken into account.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 mit einem Verfahren zur Regelung eines Brenngas-Luft-Gemischs eines brenngasbetriebenen Brenners vorzugsweise eines Heizgerätes mit Hilfe eines Sensors zur Erfassung der Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur T und einer Regelung mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten realisiert:
- mit dem Sensor wird eine Ausgangstemperatur gemessen,
- bei Vorgabe einer Brennerbelastung werden der notwendige Brenngasvolumen- oder -massenstrom, unter Berücksichtigung der Verbrennungsluftzahl, des Verbrennungsluftvolumen- oder -massenstroms sowie aus einem Kennfeld oder einer Funktion die belastungsabhängige Brenner- oder Flammensolltemperatur bestimmt,
- aus der Ausgangstemperatur und der Brenner- oder Flammensolltemperatur wird ein zeitlicher Verlauf der Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur errechnet,
- gemäß des ermittelten Brenngasvolumen- oder -massenstroms und Verbrennungsluftvolumen- oder -massenstroms werden der Brenngas- und Verbrennungsluftstrom eingestellt,
- die Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur wird gemessen und mit dem errechneten Verlauf der Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur verglichen,
- ist die gemessene Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt im dynamischen Verlauf ungleich der errechnete Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur zu diesem Zeitpunkt, so wird der Brenngasstrom oder die Luftmenge angepasst.
- the sensor is used to measure a starting temperature
- when a burner load is specified, the required fuel gas volume or mass flow, taking into account the combustion air number, the combustion air volume or mass flow as well as from a characteristic field or a function, determines the load-dependent burner or flame setpoint temperature,
- a chronological progression of the burner or flame temperature is calculated from the starting temperature and the burner or flame set temperature,
- in accordance with the determined fuel gas volume or mass flow and combustion air volume or mass flow, the fuel gas and combustion air flow are adjusted,
- the burner or flame temperature is measured and compared with the calculated course of the burner or flame temperature,
- If the measured burner or flame temperature at a certain time in the dynamic course is not equal to the calculated burner or flame temperature at this time, the fuel gas flow or the air quantity is adjusted.
Hierdurch wird das Einregeln wesentlich beschleunigt.This considerably accelerates the adjustment.
Bei kleineren Abweichungen gilt: Ist die gemessene Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt im dynamischen Verlauf kleiner als die errechnete Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur zu diesem Zeitpunkt, so wird der Brenngasstrom erhöht oder die Luftmenge reduziert. Ist die gemessene Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt im dynamischen Verlauf größer als die errechnete Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur zu diesem Zeitpunkt, so wird der Brenngasstrom reduziert oder die Luftmenge erhöht. Bei größeren Abweichungen kann es durch die Veränderung des Gemischs zu einer Verschiebung der Flammenposition kommen, so dass oben genannte Maßnahmen nicht zwingend zur Regelung auf den Sollwert beitragen. In der Mehrzahl der Fälle ist jedoch aufgrund der stetigen Regelung und der deshalb relativ kleinen zu erwartenden Abweichungen davon auszugehen, dass bei einer zu kalten Flamme eine Anfettung zu einer Temperaturerhöhung führt und eine Abmagerung zu einem Temperaturabfall.For smaller deviations applies: If the measured burner or flame temperature at a certain time in the dynamic course smaller than the calculated burner or flame temperature at this time, the fuel gas flow is increased or the amount of air reduced. If the measured burner or flame temperature at a certain time in the dynamic course greater than the calculated burner or flame temperature at this time, the fuel gas flow is reduced or increased the amount of air. In the case of larger deviations, changing the mixture may result in a shift of the flame position, so that the measures mentioned above do not necessarily contribute to the regulation to the setpoint. In the majority of cases, however, due to the continuous control and the therefore relatively small expected deviations, it can be assumed that enrichment with too cold a flame leads to an increase in temperature and a decrease to a temperature decrease.
Für die Regelung des Brenngas-Luft-Gemischs wird ein PI-Regler bevorzugt. Mit einem Pl-Regler wird ein Stellwert aus einer Regelabweichung (Differenz zwischen Soll- und Ist-Temperatur) bestimmt. Für einen PI-Regler gilt normalerweise, dass der P-Reglerteil eine auftretende Regeldifferenz schnell auszugleichen versucht, wobei die I-Reglerkomponente anschließend die restliche Regeldifferenz beseitigt. Somit arbeitet ein PI-Regler bei entsprechender Einstellung schnell und präzise.For the regulation of the fuel gas-air mixture, a PI controller is preferred. A control value is used to determine a control value from a control deviation (difference between setpoint and actual temperature). For a PI controller, it is normal for the P-controller part to quickly compensate for an occurring system deviation, with the I-controller component subsequently eliminating the remaining system deviation. Thus, a PI controller operates quickly and accurately with the appropriate setting.
Die Wahl eines I-Reglers bzw. P-Reglers könnte hingegen nachteilig sein. Abhängig vom System, kann die Regelung bei einem sehr groß gewählten Integralen Anteil (I-Anteil) zwar sehr schnell regeln, allerdings ist ein großer Sprung im Temperaturverlauf bzw. ein starker CO-Ausstoß zu verzeichnen. Bei der Wahl eines sehr kleinen I-Anteils ist der Sprung sehr klein, die Regelungszeit jedoch ist sehr lang.The choice of an I-controller or P-controller, however, could be disadvantageous. Depending on the system, the control can regulate very quickly with a very large selected integral component (I component), but there is a large jump in the temperature profile or a strong CO emission. When choosing a very small I component, the jump is very small, but the regulation time is very long.
Für ein zuverlässiges Messergebnis muss die Trägheit eines Temperaturmesssystems berücksichtigt werden. Diese kann sowohl auf den verwendeten Messfühlern, als auch auf das Systemverhalten selbst, zurückgeführt werden.For a reliable measurement result, the inertia of a temperature measurement system must be considered. This can be traced back both to the sensors used and to the system behavior itself.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Figuren detailliert erläutert. Hierbei zeigen
Figur 1- einen Verlauf der Brennertemperatur T in Abhängigkeit der Belastung Q̇ nach dem Stand der Technik,
- Figur 2
- einen Verlauf der Brennertemperatur T in Abhängigkeit der Zeit t während eines Modulationssprungs von 20 kW auf 10 kW,
- Figur 3
- einen Verlauf der CO-Emissionswerte in Abhängigkeit der Zeit t während eines Modulationssprungs von 20 kW auf 10 kW,
- Figur 4
- einen Verlauf der Brennertemperatur T in Abhängigkeit der Zeit t während eines Aufheizvorgangs über lineare Kennlinien,
Figuren 5 bis 7- eine Regelung der Modulation auf einer höheren Leistung nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und
- Figuren 8 bis 10
- eine Regelung der Modulation auf einer niedrigen Leistung nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren.
- FIG. 1
- a profile of the burner temperature T as a function of the load Q̇ according to the prior art,
- FIG. 2
- a curve of the burner temperature T as a function of the time t during a modulation jump from 20 kW to 10 kW,
- FIG. 3
- a course of the CO emission values as a function of the time t during a modulation jump from 20 kW to 10 kW,
- FIG. 4
- a profile of the burner temperature T as a function of time t during a heating process via linear characteristics,
- FIGS. 5 to 7
- a modulation of the modulation at a higher power according to the inventive method and
- FIGS. 8 to 10
- a regulation of the modulation at a low power according to the inventive method.
Wie der Figur 1 zu entnehmen ist, ist die Brenneroberflächentemperatur T bei einer höheren Leistung niedrig und bei einer niedrigen Belastung hoch, da die Flamme mit zunehmender Belastung Q̇ von der Brenneroberfläche abhebt.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the burner surface temperature T is low at a higher power and high at a low load since the flame lifts Q̇ from the burner surface with increasing load.
Figur 2 zeigt das Systemverhalten während eines Belastungswechsels (Modulationssprungs) des Heizgerätes von 20 kW auf 10 kW. Das Diagramm verdeutlicht, dass im Betrieb der Unterschied zwischen einer Brenner- oder Flammensolltemperatur T2, auf welche geregelt werden soll, und einer Ausgangstemperatur T0 verhältnismäßig groß sein kann. Ähnlich verhält sich das System beim Startvorgang, denn das Heizgerät (bzw. die Brennertemperatur) gelangt hier vom kalten Zustand in einen modulationsabhängigen heißen Zustand.FIG. 2 shows the system behavior during a load change (modulation jump) of the heater from 20 kW to 10 kW. The diagram illustrates that during operation, the difference between a burner or flame target temperature T 2 , to which it is to be controlled, and an output temperature T 0 can be relatively large. Similarly, the system behaves during startup, because the heater (or the burner temperature) passes from the cold state in a modulation-dependent hot state.
Kurve 3 in Figur 2 stellt das Verhalten eines Heizgerätes bei Modulationssprung von 20 kW auf 10 kW unter der Bedingung, dass die Luftzahl Lambda konstant gehalten wird, dar.Curve 3 in FIG. 2 shows the behavior of a heater with a modulation jump from 20 kW to 10 kW on the condition that the air ratio lambda is kept constant.
Dabei folgt die Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur der Kurve 3 in Abhängigkeit der Zeit t, die mittels einer Exponential-Funktion wiedergegeben werden kann, bis zu einem stationären Endwert.In this case, the burner or flame temperature of the curve 3 follows as a function of the time t, which can be reproduced by means of an exponential function, up to a stationary final value.
Die bei Modulationssprüngen während der Modulation stattfindende Aufheiz- bzw. Abkühlvorgänge können durch folgende Funktion beschrieben werden:
In der Gleichung 1 bedeuten
- T0- die Ausgangsbrenner- oder -flammentemperatur,
- T2- die Brenner- oder Flammensolltemperatur,
- T1 (t) - der zeitliche Verlauf der Brenner- oder Flammensolltemperatur, t - die Zeit und
- τ - ein Regelungsparameter, der vorgegeben wird und Einfluss auf den Gradienten hat.
- T 0 - the output burner or flame temperature,
- T 2 - the burner or flame set temperature,
- T 1 (t) - the time course of the burner or flame set temperature, t - the time and
- τ - a control parameter that is specified and has an influence on the gradient.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht die Abwandlung eines stationären Soll-Temperaturwertes T2 der Regelung in einen Soll-Wert T1 (t) in Abhängigkeit der Zeit, wobei der zeitliche Verlauf der Brenner- oder Flammensolltemperatur T1 einer e-Funktion (wie Kurve 3, Figur 2) folgt und abhängig von der Ausgangs- und Brenner- oder Flammensolltemperatur der Modulation bzw. des Belastungswechsels ist.The method according to the invention makes it possible to modify a stationary setpoint temperature value T 2 of the control into a setpoint value T 1 (t) as a function of time, the time profile of the burner or setpoint flame temperature T 1 of an e-function (such as curve 3, FIG. Figure 2) follows and depending on the output and burner or flame set temperature of the modulation or the load change is.
Indikator für ein gut funktionierendes Regelungssystem sind neben den CO2 Emissionen, die aus dem Luftüberschuss resultieren, besonders unter Sicherheitsaspekten, die CO-Emissionen. Figur 3 zeigt Werte der CO-Emissionen des Systems bei einem exemplarischen Modulationssprungs von 20 kW auf 10 kW.Indicators of a well-functioning control system are, in addition to the CO 2 emissions that result from the excess air, especially under safety aspects, the CO emissions. FIG. 3 shows values of the CO emissions of the system with an exemplary modulation jump from 20 kW to 10 kW.
Die Kurve 1 zeigt einen CO-Verlauf für den Fall, dass eine Regelung die Gasmenge derart dosieren würde, dass sofort nach dem Brennerstart auf den Temperaturzielwert geregelt werden würde. In diesem Fall würde aufgrund der großen Temperaturdifferenz die Gasarmatur so stark geöffnet, dass die Verbrennung nicht mehr standardmäßig bzw. normkonform "sauber" wäre. Man erkennt am Anfang einen deutlich überhöhten CO-Ausstoß, der mit zunehmender Zeit sinkt. Kurve 2 zeigt einen CO-Verlauf, der sich unter Berücksichtigung des erfindungsgemäßen Vorgehens bei dem gleichen Modulationssprung (von 20 kW auf 10 kW) einstellt.The
Der CO-Ausstoß nach der erfindungsgemäßen Regelung, dargestellt als Kurve 2 in Figur 3, zeigt dass die CO-Emissionen permanent auf einem niedrigen Niveau gehalten werden können. Somit werden die bei der Verbrennung, insbesondere während der Aufheizphase bei Start oder bei Modulationssprüngen entstehenden überhöhten Schadstoffemissionen verhindert, die sich einstellen würden, wenn ohne das erfindungsgemäße Vorgehen direkt auf die Zieltemperatur geregelt würde.The CO emission according to the inventive control, shown as curve 2 in Figure 3, shows that the CO emissions can be kept permanently at a low level. Thus, the excessive pollutant emissions which occur during combustion, in particular during the heating phase at startup or during modulation jumps, which would occur if the procedure according to the invention were regulated directly to the target temperature, are prevented.
Während des Startvorgangs selbst kommt es in der Regel zu einer unvollständigen Verbrennung, insbesondere aufgrund einer systembedingten Gemischanfettung. Dieser Effekt hat einen für den Gerätestart charakteristischen, hohen CO-Ausstoß zur Folge. Dieser CO-Anstieg wird als systembedingt bei der erfindungsgemäßen Regelung vorausgesetzt und ist von den dargestellten CO-Verläufen zu differenzieren.During the starting process itself, incomplete combustion usually occurs, in particular due to system-induced mixture enrichment. This effect results in a high CO emission characteristic for the start of the device. This increase in CO is assumed to be systemic in the control according to the invention and is to be differentiated from the illustrated CO courses.
Ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel sieht eine Annäherung der Soll-Temperatur T1 dem Aufheizverhalten des Systems (Kurve 6, Figur 4) über lineare Teilabschnitte innerhalb einer Kennlinie vor, z. B. über einen Ansatz mit zwei (Kurve 5, Figur 4) oder mit mehreren Abschnitten (Kurve 4, Figur 4) derartig, dass stets eine ausreichende Verbrennungsqualität gewährleistet ist.Another embodiment provides an approximation of the setpoint temperature T 1 the heating behavior of the system (curve 6, Figure 4) via linear sections within a characteristic before, z. B. via an approach with two (
Zunächst wird das Verfahren für eine Regelung der Modulation auf einer höheren Brennerleistung beschrieben. Hier ist von einem ausgeschalteten Brenner und von einem Heizgerät, das sich in einem Standby - Zustand befindet, auszugehen. Mit einem Temperatursensor, vorzugsweise mit einem PTC-Sensor, wird eine Ausgangstemperatur T0 am Brenner, z. B. T0 = 25°C gemessen.First, the method for controlling the modulation on a higher burner power will be described. It is assumed that the burner is switched off and the heater is in a standby state. With a temperature sensor, preferably with a PTC sensor, an output temperature T 0 at the burner, z. B. T 0 = 25 ° C measured.
Bei einer Wärmeanforderung, z.B. Q̇=20 kW, wird am Gebläse ein entsprechender Luftmassenstrom (z.B. für Lambda = 1,3 und Q̇=20 kW) über einen Massenstromsensor eingestellt. Aus einer hinterlegten Gasarmatur-Kennlinie, wie in Figur 5 dargestellt, wird die der Wärmeanforderung von 20 kW entsprechende Schrittzahl (z.B. 280) bestimmt und eingestellt. Aus einer hinterlegten Temperatur-Kennlinie wird die der Wärmeanforderung von 20 kW entsprechende belastungsabhängige Brenner- oder Flammensolltemperatur T2 ermittelt, z.B. T2 = 350 °C (s. Figur 6).For a heat demand, eg Q̇ = 20 kW, a corresponding air mass flow (eg for lambda = 1.3 and Q̇ = 20 kW) is set on the blower via a mass flow sensor . From a stored gas valve characteristic, as shown in Figure 5, the heat demand of 20 kW corresponding step number (eg 280) is determined and set. From a stored temperature characteristic is the heat demand of 20 kW corresponding load-dependent burner or flame target temperature T 2 determined, eg T 2 = 350 ° C (see Figure 6).
Der Zeitpunkt eines Modulationssprungs bzw. einer Wärmebelastungsänderung wird fest gehalten, indem die Zeit t auf den Wert 0 gesetzt wird. Zu jedem nachfolgenden Zeitpunkt t1 bis tx, wird der zeitliche Verlauf der Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur T1 nach der Gleichung 1 bestimmt (Figur 7). Die Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur wird gemessen und mit der errechneten Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur T1 (t) verglichen.The moment of a modulation jump or a heat load change is kept fixed by setting the time t to the
Die Regelung greift nur dann ein, wenn eine Abweichung der gemessenen Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur (Ist-Temperatur) von der errechneten Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur T1 (t) (Soll-Temperatur) auftritt. Diese Abweichung zwischen der Ist-und Soll-Temperatur wird über den Schrittmotor der Gasarmatur geregelt, so dass wenn die gemessene Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur größer als die errechneten Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur T1 (t) ist, der Brenngasstrom reduziert oder die Luftmenge erhöht wird oder wenn die gemessene Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur größer ist als die errechneten Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur T1 (t), der Brenngasstrom reduziert oder die Luftmenge erhöht wird.The control only intervenes when a deviation of the measured burner or flame temperature (actual temperature) from the calculated burner or flame temperature T 1 (t) (setpoint temperature) occurs. This deviation between the actual and desired temperature is controlled by the stepper motor of the gas valve, so that when the measured burner or flame temperature is greater than the calculated burner or flame temperature T 1 (t), the fuel gas flow is reduced or the amount of air is increased or if the measured burner or flame temperature is greater than the calculated burner or flame temperature T 1 (t), the fuel gas flow is reduced or the amount of air is increased.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird beendet, sobald die gemessene Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur der Brenner- oder Flammensolltemperatur T2 entspricht.The inventive method is terminated as soon as the measured burner or flame temperature of the burner or flame setpoint T 2 corresponds.
Eine Regelung der Modulation auf einer niedrigen Belastung erfolgt ähnlich der oben beschriebenen Regelung und ist den Figuren 8 bis 10 zu entnehmen. Dabei wird von der bereits oben erwähnten aktuellen Belastung, z.B. Q̇=20 kW und von der am Brenner gemessenen Ausgangstemperatur T0, z.B. T0=350°C ausgegangen. Nach der Modulationsänderung von Q̇=20 kW auf Q̇=10 kW regelt das Gebläse die entsprechende Luftmenge und die Gasarmatur wird abhängig von dem gemessenen Luftmassenstrom auf die zu erwartende Schrittzahl (in diesem Fall 150 Steps) eingestellt. Die notwendige Schrittzahl wird aus der hinterlegten Gasarmaturen-Kennlinie ermittelt.A regulation of the modulation on a low load is similar to the regulation described above and can be seen in Figures 8 to 10. It is assumed that the above-mentioned current load, eg Q̇ = 20 kW and from the measured at the burner output temperature T 0 , eg T 0 = 350 ° C. After the modulation change from Q̇ = 20 kW to Q̇ = 10 kW, the fan controls the corresponding air volume and the gas valve is set to the expected number of steps (in this
Die Temperatur steigt mit reduzierter Belastung und der Anstieg folgt der dargestellten Kurve. Aus der hinterlegten Temperatur-Kennlinie wird die für Q̇=10 kW entsprechende Brenner- oder Flammensoll-Temperatur T2, z.B. T2 = 550°C ermittelt. Der Zeitpunkt des Modulationssprungs wird fest gehalten, indem die Zeit t auf den Wert 0 gesetzt wird. Zu jedem Zeitpunkt t1 bis tx der jetzt laufenden Zeit, wird der zeitliche Verlauf der Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur T1 nach der Gleichung 1 bestimmt und mit der aktuellen, gemessenen Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur verglichen. Abweichungen zwischen der gemessenen und errechnetenTemperatur werden ebenfalls über eine Verstellung des Schrittmotors der Gasarmatur ausgeglichen.The temperature increases with reduced load and the rise follows the curve shown. From the stored temperature characteristic, the corresponding for Q̇ = 10 kW Burner or flame set temperature T 2 , eg T 2 = 550 ° C determined. The timing of the modulation jump is held fixed by setting the time t to the
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Regelungsverfahren sollen die bei der Verbrennung, insbesondere beim Start oder bei Modulationssprüngen während der Modulation, entstehenden Schadstoffemissionen verhindert werden. Dabei wird nicht direkt auf einen vorgegebenen End-Soll-Temperaturwert geregelt, sondern indem das natürliche Aufheizverhalten bzw. Abkühlverhalten des Systems in die Regelung integriert wird. Somit werden größere Sprünge in der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der Soll- und Ist-Temperatur vermieden und eine gute Verbrennungsqualität erreicht.The control method according to the invention is intended to prevent the pollutant emissions which occur during combustion, in particular during the start or during modulation jumps during the modulation. It is not regulated directly to a predetermined end-desired temperature value, but by the natural heating or cooling behavior of the system is integrated into the scheme. Thus, larger jumps in the temperature difference between the target and actual temperature are avoided and achieved a good combustion quality.
Mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist es möglich, eine Regelung ausgerichtet auf die Messung der Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur für Modulationssprünge anzupassen.With the aid of the method according to the invention, it is possible to adapt a regulation oriented to the measurement of the burner or flame temperature for modulation jumps.
Ein unsauberes Systemverhalten, z. B. beim Aufheizen des Systems nach dem Brennerstart, wird vermieden, in dem die Regelung nach dem Brennerstart immer im Betrieb ist und die Verbrennungsqualität permanent geprüft und geregelt wird.An unclean system behavior, eg. B. when heating the system after the burner start is avoided, in which the control after the burner start is always in operation and the quality of combustion is permanently tested and regulated.
Claims (5)
erfolgt, wobei τ ein Regelungsparameter ist.Method for controlling a fuel gas-air mixture according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the determination of the time profile of the burner or flame temperature according to a formula
where τ is a control parameter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102006054106 | 2006-11-15 | ||
AT0045207A AT505064B8 (en) | 2007-03-22 | 2007-03-22 | CONTROL OF THE COMBUSTION GAS-AIR MIXTURE ABOUT THE BURNER OR FLAME TEMPERATURE OF A HEATER |
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EP1923634A1 true EP1923634A1 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
EP1923634B1 EP1923634B1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
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EP07033545.0A Active EP1923634B1 (en) | 2006-11-15 | 2007-11-09 | Adjustment of fuel gas/air mixture via the burner or flame temperature of a heating device |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2843214A1 (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2015-03-04 | Mems Ag | Method, sensor and control device for controlling gas-powered energy conversion systems |
CN111649356A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-11 | 绍兴市升博厨房电器有限公司 | Gas stove working method and gas stove |
WO2021219582A1 (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-11-04 | Viessmann Climate Solutions Se | Device and method for combustion control for a fuel gas with a proportion of additive gas |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP4170234A1 (en) | 2021-10-19 | 2023-04-26 | BDR Thermea Group B.V. | Method for controlling a burner |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS57202417A (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1982-12-11 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | Temperature controlling method of evaporator in liquid fuel combustion device |
JPS6375416A (en) * | 1986-09-18 | 1988-04-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Combustion controller |
WO2006000366A1 (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2006-01-05 | Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh | Method for regulating and controlling a firing apparatus, and firing apparatus |
-
2007
- 2007-11-09 EP EP07033545.0A patent/EP1923634B1/en active Active
- 2007-11-09 PT PT70335450T patent/PT1923634T/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
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JPS57202417A (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1982-12-11 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | Temperature controlling method of evaporator in liquid fuel combustion device |
JPS6375416A (en) * | 1986-09-18 | 1988-04-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Combustion controller |
WO2006000366A1 (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2006-01-05 | Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh | Method for regulating and controlling a firing apparatus, and firing apparatus |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2843214A1 (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2015-03-04 | Mems Ag | Method, sensor and control device for controlling gas-powered energy conversion systems |
WO2021219582A1 (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-11-04 | Viessmann Climate Solutions Se | Device and method for combustion control for a fuel gas with a proportion of additive gas |
CN111649356A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-11 | 绍兴市升博厨房电器有限公司 | Gas stove working method and gas stove |
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PT1923634T (en) | 2017-09-01 |
EP1923634B1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
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