EP1918483A2 - Multi-layer decoupling and drainage system - Google Patents

Abstract

Decoupling and drainage system (1) comprises an anchoring layer (2) completely filled with a capillary-refracting filling (18) which prevents capillary formation of an unwanted liquid line between a drainage layer (3) and a ceramic covering (10). Preferred Features: The capillary-refracting filling is made from a mineral granular material, preferably quartz sand having an average grain size of 0.5-3 mm, preferably 1-1.6 mm. The granular material has a binder made from a polymer material.

Description

The invention relates to a multilayer decoupling and drainage system, in particular for the laying of ceramic coverings in the thin bed process, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ceramic coverings and in particular tiles are usually laid today in the so-called thin bed process, in which the ceramic coverings are laid in a thin adhesive layer of a tile mortar. This indoor satisfactory method, however, has in the processing of ceramic tiles in the outdoor area in so far as the moisture load and the thermal load of such coverings often leads to creeping destruction of the tiles or their installation substrates, which low shelf life of such coverings are unavoidable and High costs can arise for the renovation.

The main problem in the processing of outdoor ceramic tiles is the unavoidable moisture load of the ceramic tiles resulting from rainwater or even precipitating moisture due to different ambient temperatures. such Moisture penetrates through the ceramic coverings and in particular through the joints in the substructure of the ceramic coverings and can accumulate there. By processing in the thin bed process, it is virtually unavoidable that cavities form below the tiles, which are filled by the water penetrating as described above over time and thus lead to a constant moisture load on the one hand, the ceramic coating and the other of the substrate. Due to the unavoidable cavities, water accumulated in the cavities of the thin-bed mortar, especially in the cold season, can expand and lead to a detachment of the ceramic coverings. Likewise, due to the solar radiation on the ceramic coverings laid in the outer area, the water accumulating in the cavities can generate high water vapor pressures and lead to flaking off of the tiles, for example with glazed tiles. The same happens at freezing temperatures, as the pores within the tiles fill up with water due to the constant moisture load and expand in frosty conditions. As a result, there are such spalling on the ceramic surface. Furthermore, the backwater can dissolve limescale from the grout and the thin-bed mortar, which can lead to efflorescence from the joints. Also can be dissolved in the cavities below the ceramic coverings usually processed as plastic mortar tile adhesive and thereby lose its strength. Furthermore, due to the very different coefficients of expansion of substrate, thin-bed mortar and ceramic covering by the occurring in outdoor areas very high temperature differences between high temperatures due to sunlight and lower temperatures in frost, the cracking behavior of the ceramic coating and the substrate is difficult to control.

It has therefore been proposed many times to be able to relocate such laid outside ceramic coverings durable that the inevitable from the top of the ceramic publisher penetrating water is selectively removed from the substructure of the ceramic covering again. The basic idea of all these solutions is to introduce specifically below the ceramic lining cavities in the substructure, which are not closed, but bring about a discharge of moisture penetrated via appropriate channels and in the fall automatically. As a result, a formation of backwater is avoided and the unavoidable cavities beneath the ceramic coverings are specifically ventilated. The penetrating water can therefore remain only briefly within the ceramic lining or in its substrate and thus do not cause the damage mentioned above. Furthermore, such substructures of ceramic coverings also serve to bring about a targeted decoupling between the ceramic covering and the substructure, since load tears or stress cracks can frequently also occur, for example, due to the different thermal expansions or elasticities between the ceramic covering and the subfloor. Such a design of a sealing and drainage system is for example from the DE 203 17 247 U1 known.

As a problem with such substructures for ceramic coverings may turn out depending on the installation situation that depending on the installation position of the sealing and drainage system, the discharge of the water penetrated into the drainage layer does not occur immediately or not completely enough. If, for example, the gradient at the place of installation is not sufficient, then it can happen that water in the drainage layer can remain over a period of time and fill the drainage layer. This can lead in the conventional laying of the ceramic coverings on appropriate decoupling and drainage system using tile adhesive that due to the material properties of tile adhesive and ceramic coverings there existing capillary and the forming capillary effect suck the water in the drainage layer quasi and back towards to convey back the ceramic coverings. As a result, however, the layer structure can be damaged, since this moisture in turn can cause the damage already described on the ceramic coverings, which damage then occur especially in the usually cement-bonded joints and in the laying of absorbent natural stone materials.

Object of the present invention is therefore to develop a generic multi-layer decoupling and drainage system such that in addition to an improvement of the drainage function and a return promotion of liquids from the drainage layer to the ceramic coating is prevented.

The solution of the object of the invention results from the characterizing features of claim 1 in conjunction with the features of the preamble. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The invention describes a multilayer decoupling and drainage system, in particular for the laying of ceramic coverings in the thin-bed method, comprising a layer structure, listed from bottom to top, with a drainage layer formed from a first structural element, a layer permeable only to fluids, one from a second structural element An anchoring layer formed for a filling to be introduced in the region of the top of the decoupling and drainage system filling and at the anchoring layer at least partially fixed reinforcing layer. Such a generic decoupling and drainage system is further developed according to the invention that the anchoring layer is substantially completely filled with a capillary-filling, which prevents capillary to the undesirable fluid line between the drainage layer and the ceramic coating. This ensures that in the passage direction of the ceramic layer into the drainage layer, a particularly good permeability is ensured by the capillary filling, since such a filling must necessarily have relatively large pores or channels in order to safely avoid capillarity. Although in the other direction of passage, ie against the direction of gravity from the drainage layer back to the ceramic layer, a liquid passage is also conceivable in principle, but this is not promoted or supported in any way by the lack of capillarity. Therefore, standing in the drainage layer, for example, due to insufficient gradients at the installation not immediately drained water does not rise again otherwise due to the material properties of mineral materials inevitably forming capillary and accumulate in the layer structure or the top of the ceramic layer again, for example via the joints escape. Especially in the design of the ceramic coverings as natural stone coverings a faster drying of natural stones is achieved, which can form in the natural stones no staining deposits. The tile adhesive otherwise commonly used to fill the anchoring layer can not have such capillary breaking properties because, due to the mineral content of the tile adhesive, capillaries can always form therein.

It is particularly advantageous if the capillary-filling has a material of a granular substance. In the case of such granular substances, such as single-grain mineral aggregates, e.g. On the basis of quartz sand or similar materials, the grains themselves are largely resistant to liquid passage. Due to the grain geometry and the interspaces between the grains, no capillaries can also form between the grains, as a result of which the capillary-breaking properties of this filling are easy to produce. In addition, such materials are inexpensive and widely available.

A further improvement of the filling with respect to mechanical loads can be achieved if the granular substance for bonding the individual grains to each other is mixed with an adhesive-like binder. The grains of the filling thus selectively bonded to each other thus form a kind of porous matrix or debris with a plurality of intermediate spaces, through which water can flow from the ceramic layer to the drainage layer due to the gravitational effect, but nevertheless not from the drainage layer back up through the non-existent Capillary can be sucked up. This dressing of the grains in the filling advantageously depends so tightly together that the anchoring layer and the bonded grains, similar to the filling of the anchoring layer by means of tile adhesive, form a fairly stable and bending-resistant unit which can transmit mechanically high loads.

It is conceivable here that the granular substance consists of a quartz sand with an average particle size between 0.5 and 3 mm, preferably between 1 and 1.6 mm. Such a grain size forms a rather compact, but nevertheless permeable to liquids matrix, which also fit well with the typical layer thicknesses of the anchoring layer.

In a further embodiment, it is also conceivable that the binder comprises a polymer plastic. Such a polymer plastic serves as an adhesive for bonding the grains of the filling and may, for example, be stirred into a quantity of grains such that the grains are wetted on their surface and, after processing, stick to adjacent grains at the points of contact with them and a firmly bonded mass of grains between which cavities for the passage of liquid are formed. An excessive addition of the binder must be avoided so as not to embed the grains in the binder in which the voids are completely or substantially filled by the binder. Care must also be taken to ensure that the grain sizes of the filling are chosen to be appropriate, in order to avoid too tight an accumulation of the grains with the consequence of too small an amount of interconnected cavities.

In this case, in a further embodiment, the layer thickness of the capillary filling can be between 2 and 10 mm, preferably between 3 and 4 mm. Such a thin layer thickness of the filling is sufficient for breaking the capillaries completely and, unlike the known uses of corresponding monocrystalline layers as load distribution layers with 25 to 50 mm thickness, does not significantly affect the height of the bottom structure.

With regard to the processing of the filling, it is conceivable in a first embodiment that the capillary-filling is introduced into the anchoring layer at the installation location. In this way, the cutting and laying of the decoupling and drainage system at the installation itself can be done with simple means, the filling is introduced only after installation in the anchoring layer. It is also possible in this way to sell corresponding decoupling and drainage systems, e.g. as a plate or roll goods keep simple. At the same time, care should be taken to ensure that the processing of the filling, and in particular the gluing of the granular substance forming the filling, takes place in accordance with the regulations.

In another embodiment, however, it is also conceivable that the capillary filling can already be introduced into the anchoring layer at the factory. Although this makes the processing of such decoupling and drainage systems a little more complicated, at the same time, however, the production of the filling and its introduction can be precisely controlled at the factory and leads to consistently consistent results.

An advantage for the further processing of the ceramic layer is that the ceramic coating can be adhered to the filled with the capillary filling filling anchoring layer and reinforcing layer by means of an adhesive. This ensures that, for example, the tiler as a processor of such decoupling and drainage systems must not or only slightly change his working techniques, so that he can work as in normal thin-bed bonding of ceramic coverings and tiled on the introduced and cured in the anchoring layer filling.

It is particularly advantageous in this case that the capillary-filling filled with a binder forms with the anchoring layer a rigid layer for the removal of loads on the ceramic covering. The introduced filling and the particularly good adhesion of the filling to the anchoring layer and the reinforcing layer forms a very rigid and resilient plate on which the ceramic coverings are glued and on the one hand acts decoupling to the ground and on the other brings an inherent stability, the other usual substrates is not inferior.

With regard to the configuration of the structural element, it is conceivable that the structural element for forming the anchoring layer receiving spaces for receiving the capillary-breaking filling, between which in the direction of the ceramic coating projecting areas or mold elements are arranged. Here, a structural element in this sense, any structural implementation of this proviso be understood, since it only matters that on the one hand sufficient and substantially uniformly distributed receiving spaces for the filling are ready to order the capillary-breaking layer as possible under the ceramic coverings , On the other hand, sufficient projecting areas or form elements must be provided in order to achieve a base support of the ceramic layer to the ground, which must be ensured for load transfer into the ground in addition to the load transfer via the introduced filling. Which shape the projecting areas or mold elements have and how the receiving spaces are designed in detail, can be varied within wide ranges. The design variants given below are therefore to be regarded as preferred embodiments, in no way as a limiting description.

In order to achieve a uniform distribution of the mechanical properties and the liquid-conducting properties within the decoupling and drainage system, it is advantageous if the structural element for forming the anchoring layer a regular arrangement of receiving spaces and projecting areas or features. On the one hand, uniformity with regard to the mechanical load-bearing capacity is provided, and on the other hand, corresponding surface portions are present in each region of the decoupling and drainage system in order to ensure the drainage effect through the receiving spaces filled with the capillary-filling filling and thus to ensure a corresponding drainage capacity.

In a first conceivable embodiment, the structural element for forming the anchoring layer can be formed from a film or the like which is broken in a liquid-conducting manner at individual points, from which the projecting regions or form elements are spatially protruding. As a result, the production of the anchoring layer is easily achieved by appropriate shaping methods, e.g. plastically moldable materials such as plastics, at the same time such materials can be continuously produced in large quantities. It is particularly advantageous if the structural element for forming the drainage layer is formed from a film or the like, from which the projections are formed spatially protruding. Then, the projecting portions or form elements may be e.g. formed directly in the molding of the film in one operation in one piece with the film, preferably formed from the film. However, it is also conceivable that the protruding areas or shaped elements or the free spaces and protrusions are defined as separately preformed parts on the film, e.g. glued or welded on the film and like a sandwich structure on top of each other. This makes it possible to use different materials for the film and the above areas or form elements and thus to optimize strengths or other material properties.

For manufacturing reasons and also to ensure the same material properties and application properties, care should be taken that the structural element for forming the anchoring layer has a regular arrangement of receiving spaces and projecting areas or form elements.

Analogous to the above-described design of the anchoring layer and the structural element to form the drainage layer can moisture-absorbing and -leitende clearances between which directed to the anchoring layer projections are arranged. In this way, it is ensured that the corresponding liquid-conducting free spaces under the anchoring layer, in the upper side penetrated liquid should occur, regardless of the load on the ceramic coating always remain open and such liquids can be discharged accordingly. In this case, it should be noted in particular that the free spaces of the drainage layer are in moisture-conducting connection with one another in order to ensure a discharge of the liquid into the edge area of the ceramic covering, where the liquid can then emerge from the drainage layer and be discharged. Also, analogously to the anchoring layer, the structural element for forming the drainage layer should have a regular arrangement of free spaces and protrusions.

It is particularly advantageous if the structural element for forming the anchoring layer and / or the structural element for forming the drainage layer has a grid-like structure. A grid-like structure allows a very uniform and in the different spatial directions isotropic design of the anchoring layer and the drainage layer. Likewise, corresponding receiving spaces and free spaces can easily be formed in a grid-like structure in order to be able to accommodate a high volume of the capillary-filling in the anchoring layer or to be able to take up and remove corresponding amounts of liquid in the drainage layer.

In a preferred embodiment, it is conceivable that the grid-like structural element for forming the anchoring layer and the grid-like structural element for forming the drainage layer have the same structure. In this way, the production of the sealing and drainage system can be particularly simple, since both layers are formed from the same basic shape.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the grid-like structural element is formed of rod-like lattice-like manner to one another and fixed to each other at the crossing points of the grid individual bars. Such a grid-like structural element can be easily prepared from identically prefabricated individual rods and therefore it is possible to process extruded individual rods, for example, which are wound up on drums and used for producing the grid-like structural elements each positioned to each other. Thus, the production of such a grid-like structural element is very inexpensive and easy. Unlike known decoupling and drainage system no complex tools need to be made, which produce angled or otherwise deformed areas of a drainage layer or an anchoring layer to each other. In this case, it can be ensured in a further embodiment that the individual bars of the grid-like structural element have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape. In particular, if the individual bars have non-uniform dimensions of their edges, the thickness of the grid-like structural elements can be easily changed and adapted to different needs.

It is particularly advantageous if the intersecting individual bars of the lattice-like structural element are arranged so that a first layer of respectively identically oriented individual bars below a second layer consists of arranged at an angle, in each case identically oriented single bars. Thus eliminates in the production of the lattice-like structural element, the need to entangle each other as in textile fabrics each other, which further simplifies the production and on the other ensures that the similar layers of the lower and the upper layer of the individual bars between each corresponding free spaces form, which can be used for drainage or anchoring. It is conceivable that the grid-like structure of the individual rods has a diamond, rectangle or square shape. By such forms it is ensured that when processing the decoupling and drainage system at the installation the forming drainage channels can always be arranged so that the discharge of water entering the drainage layer is sufficiently ensured for example by the slope at the installation site.

A further simplification of the production of the drainage layer can be achieved if the individual rods of the two layers are welded together in the crossing region under mechanical pressure. For instance, by heating up the individual bars which are plastically deformable by the influence of temperature, it can be ensured that in the area of contact of the individual bars, softening and welding takes place with the respectively lower individual bar, resulting in a mat-like composite of the individual bars.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that, for example, when the individual bars are welded together, the individual bars of the grid-like structural element have edge regions which are tilted relative to each other at least at the intersection points, whereby undercut sections form on the individual bars. Due to the plastic deformation of the individual rods in the region of the crossing points due to the effect of temperature, the individual rods are slightly deformed by the mechanical pressure and thereby change their orientation depending on the position of the other individual rod to be connected to the individual rod. This leads to the formation of undercuts, which are particularly advantageous for anchoring with the filling. The filling adheres to these undercut areas during processing and, after curing of the binder, can hold much better to the anchoring layer through the undercuts of the individual bars.

In a further embodiment, the reinforcing layer may have a lattice-like fabric, preferably a glass fiber fabric, for secure anchoring with the capillary-filling filling to be introduced on the upper side into the decoupling and drainage system and of the tile adhesive disposed above it. This fabric can be anchored on the one hand to the filling, but also on the tile adhesive with which usually the ceramic coverings are glued on top of the decoupling and drainage system. This additionally improves the anchoring in the anchoring layer.

In a further embodiment, it is conceivable that a sealing layer on the drainage layer is arranged on the underside of the drainage layer, which is formed moisture-impermeable. Such an integrated sealing layer eliminates the otherwise necessary operation of a separate application of a seal on the installation surface of the decoupling and drainage system.

It is also conceivable that the drainage layer itself is formed as a sealing layer. This can be achieved, for example, in that the drainage layer is formed from a film or the like or has, which is designed to be impermeable to water and therefore at the same time can take over the sealing function. Thus, the layer thickness of the decoupling and drainage system can be further reduced if a sealing function is required.

With regard to the dimensions of the individual layers of the decoupling and drainage system, it is conceivable that the thickness of the drainage layer between 2 and 6 millimeters, the thickness of the anchoring layer between 2 and 6 millimeters and thus in one embodiment, the total thickness of the decoupling and drainage system substantially between 4 and 12 millimeters. As a result, the decoupling and drainage system does not contribute significantly relative to a given substrate and can be used without problems even in space scarce installation conditions.

An advantageous embodiment provides that the fluid-permeable layer between anchoring layer and drainage layer is formed as a liquid-permeable nonwoven layer having a small flow resistance to the passage of liquid, but nevertheless prevents penetration of filling and binder into the drainage layer to the free spaces in the drainage layer in any case, to keep it fully open. In this way, a good passage of the liquid through the nonwoven layer can be achieved without the risk that when filling the filling into the anchoring layer, this filling can penetrate into the drainage areas and block the drainage layer.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the decoupling and drainage system according to the invention is shown in the drawing.

Figur 1

- einen Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Entkopplungs- und Drainagesystem zur Erläuterung des Schichtaufbaus,

Figur 2

- eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Entkopplungs- und Drainagesystem gemäß Figur 1.

Show it:

FIG. 1

a section through an inventive decoupling and drainage system to explain the layer structure,

FIG. 2

a plan view of an inventive decoupling and drainage system according to FIG. 1

FIG. 1 shows, in a sectional side view, the layer structure of a multilayer decoupling and drainage system 1 according to the invention, it being possible to see a sectional plan view approximately in the amount of a nonwoven layer 6 in FIG. The decoupling and drainage system 1 is shown in Figure 1 in the installed state on a substrate 15, such as a cement screed or the like, wherein above the decoupling and drainage system 1, a tile covering can be seen from tiles 10, which is laid in a thin-bed process in a tile adhesive 12, wherein the joints 11 between the individual tiles 10 are filled with a Fugenzement 17.

The decoupling and drainage system 1 according to the invention in this case has an additional, resting on the substrate 15 sealing layer 4, which is formed for example of a bitumen or a polyethylene and can be laid as a web of certain width.

Above this sealing layer 4, a drainage layer 3 made of a later-described lattice-like structure, e.g. connected to the sealing layer 4, on which in turn a liquid-permeable non-woven layer 6 is arranged and connected to the drainage layer 3. The connection can be made for example by gluing or welding in a basically known manner depending on the materials used.

Above the nonwoven layer 6, an anchoring layer 2 connected to the nonwoven layer 6 can be seen, which here likewise has a grid-like structure similar to the drainage layer 3. This anchoring layer 2 as well as the reinforcement layer 5 connected to it and located above serve to anchor the decoupling and drainage system 1 to the filling 18 and the tile adhesive 12 and thus the layer of the tiles 10. The reinforcing layer 5 can, for example, in a basically known manner a lattice-like arranged glass fiber fabric consist, which has corresponding openings and free areas, so that the filling 18 and the tile adhesive 12 can hold on the anchoring layer 2 in more detail described manner. The anchoring layer 2 in this case has in a manner described in more detail receiving spaces 16 for a capillary filling 18 from a lot of granular substance such as quartz sand and thus serves to improve the liquid line and prevent capillary from the drainage layer 3 again rising liquid in the multilayer decoupling and drainage system 1.

The lattice-like structure of the drainage layer 3 and also of the anchoring layer 2 is in this case formed at an angle to each other arranged individual rods 7, 8, which arranged one above the other, a two-layer arrangement form. The individual rods 7, 8 each have an approximately rectangular cross section and are welded together at the points of intersection 9, for example by thermal methods. As a result, a superposition of approximately parallel flocks of the individual rods 7 is formed in the simplest way, which are connected with likewise parallel flocks of the individual rods 8, which lie at an angle to the crowd of individual rods 7. Between the individual rods 7 and 8, continuous drainage channels 13 form in the drainage layer 3, which allow a direct outflow of liquid passing through and at the same time a ventilation of the anchoring layer 2 from below and the substrate 15 from above. As a result, a backwater can not form below the tile layer of the tiles 10. In the anchoring layer 2, a receiving space 16 for the capillary-breaking filling 18 described in greater detail is formed between the individual bars 7, 8, as can be better seen in the outbreak in FIG.

In the anchoring layer 2, the lattice-like structure of the individual rods 7, 8 also has the advantage that in the region of the intersection points 9 when welding the individual rods 7, 8 areas on the individual rods 7, 8 form, have the undercuts and therefore to a very strong Clamp the capillary-penetrating filling 18, which is stored in these regions, with the individual rods 7, 8 after hardening.

If larger surfaces are to be processed, it is recommended that both the reinforcing layer 5 and the sealing layer 4 protrude so far beyond the boundary of the grid-like drainage layer 3 and the grid-like anchoring layer 2 in overlapping areas that they overlap approximately with overlapping adjacent layers to be arranged or otherwise can be tightly attached to these.

It goes without saying that the arrangement of the individual rods 7, 8 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is only to be regarded as an example and that any type of geometric pattern can be formed from such individual rods 7, 8, which are advantageous for the properties of the present invention Decoupling and drainage system 1 is. It is only important that for the drainage layer 3, the free spaces 16 are in liquid-conducting connection with each other and liquid can therefore be discharged to the outside.

It should also be pointed out that the configuration of anchoring layer 2 and drainage layer 3 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in the form of a grid-like structural element is given purely by way of example and can undergo many variations. Here, all that matters is that the structural element for forming the anchoring layer 2 has receiving spaces 16 for receiving the capillary-breaking filling 18, between which regions or shaped elements 7, 8 projecting in the direction of the ceramic covering 10 are arranged. When forming the drainage layer 3, the corresponding free spaces 16, which are in liquid-conducting connection with one another, must be formed, and at the same time load-bearing and spacing to the anchoring layer 2 must be ensured by projections 7, 8. Here, a structural element in this sense, any constructive implementation of this proviso be understood, since it is important that on the one hand sufficient and substantially uniformly distributed receiving spaces 16 are ready for the filling 18 to the capillary-breaking layer as far as possible under the ceramic coverings 10th to be able to order. On the other hand, sufficient projecting areas or mold elements 7, 8 must be provided in order to achieve a base support of the ceramic layer 10 to the ground, which must be ensured for load transfer into the substrate 15 in addition to the load transfer via the introduced filling 18. Which shape the projecting areas or mold elements 7, 8 have and how the receiving spaces 16 are designed in detail, can be varied within wide ranges. The same applies analogously to the design of the drainage layer 3.

In order to avoid a resurgence of liquid that has penetrated into the drainage layer 3 and is not immediately removed there because of a too low gradient at the installation, for example, the anchoring layer 2 is filled with a preferably granular filling 18 of a capillary-breaking material. Such a capillary-breaking material can be, for example, quartz sand of defined grain size, which is encased in a binder such as a plastic resin and in the still wet state of the binder in the anchoring layer 2 either mechanically in the preparation of the decoupling and drainage system 1 or in the already laid at the installation decoupling - And drainage system 1 is introduced manually. After the curing of the binder, the grains stick to the filling As a result, on the one hand, the anchoring layer 2 is mechanically strongly fastened both by the introduced mass and the type of connection between the filling 18 and the anchoring layer 2 and is very rigid. On the other hand, the filling 18 forms a capillary-breaking layer as a result of the arrangement of the grains, since the grains are present as a lump and, owing to geometry, there are always small gaps left between the grains. Although due to the effect of gravity through the tiles 10 or the joints 11, moisture readily permeate downwards to the drainage layer 3, they prevent the formation of capillaries, through which this moisture could again rise or be sucked up from the drainage layer 3 the grains, for example, of quartz sand themselves do not conduct moisture and the interstices between the grains are too large to be capillary. Thus, the filling 18 allows liquid to pass well from top to bottom, but prevents liquid from rising upwards.

The introduction of the filling 18 in this case takes place in that the wetted with the binder grains of the filling 18 is pressed in the manual processing with a trowel as deep as possible through the openings of the reinforcing layer 5 in the anchoring layer 2 inside. The grains of the filling 18 in this case largely fill the receiving spaces 16 in the anchoring layer 2 and thereby almost completely surround the individual bars 7, 8 of the anchoring layer 2. After curing of the binder, a very strong bond between the anchoring layer 2, the reinforcing layer 5 and the filling 18 has formed, which causes a stable, plate-like configuration of the anchoring layer 2. As a result, the decoupling and drainage system 1 is particularly well loaded by the top side of the tiles 10 applied mechanical loads.

The filling 18, which is introduced from above into the receiving spaces 16 of the anchoring layer 2, is prevented by the nonwoven layer 6 from further penetration into the underlying drainage layer 3, since the nonwoven layer 6 has a uniform, tissue-like configuration, which the grains of the filling 18 does not let happen. Nevertheless, the nonwoven layer 6 is designed to be permeable to liquid, so that moisture penetrating from the top side of the tile layer from the tiles 10 into the decoupling and drainage system 1 takes the form of surface water can pass through the nonwoven layer 6 in the drainage layer 3. The moisture can penetrate into the decoupling and drainage system 1, that enters about the joints 11 or through narrow cracks in Fugenzement 17 or in the tiles 10 penetrating moisture. It is also conceivable that such moisture can penetrate under the tiles 10 by diffusion processes. This moisture can not escape in conventionally constructed sealing systems and leads to damage to the tiles 10 or to the substrate 15. In the construction presented here, this surface water can pass through the anchoring layer 2 and through the nonwoven layer 6 and enter the drainage layer 3, which has through the lattice-like structure drainage channels 13 which are in open contact with the environment and through which the moisture can flow away or evaporate again. As a result, it can not come to stagnant water below the tile layer of the tiles 10, so the corresponding damage can not occur at all.

Part number list

1 -

Sealing and drainage system

2 -

anchoring layer

3 -

drainage layer

4 -

sealing layer

5 -

reinforcing layer

6 -

fleece layer

7 -

Single Member

8th -

Single Member

9 -

crossing area

10 -

tile

11 -

Gap

12 -

tile glue

13 -

drainage channel

14 -

overlap area

15 -

underground

16 -

housing spaces

17 -

grout

18 -

filling

Claims (37)

Multilayer decoupling and drainage system (1), in particular for laying ceramic coverings (10) in the thin-bed process (12), comprising a layer structure, listed from the bottom up, with a drainage layer (3) formed from a first structural element, one only for fluids permeable layer (6), an anchoring layer (2) formed from a second structural element for a filling (18) to be introduced in the region of the upper side of the decoupling and drainage system (1) and a reinforcing layer (5) fixed at least in sections to the anchoring layer (2) )
characterized in that
the anchoring layer (2) is substantially completely filled with a capillary-breaking filling (18), which prevents capillary formation to the undesired liquid line between the drainage layer (3) and the ceramic covering (10). Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the capillary-breaking filling (18) comprises a material of a granular substance. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the capillary-breaking filling (18) comprises a mineral Einkornzuschlagsstoff. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the granular substance to bind the individual particles to each other is mixed with a cement-like binder. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the granular substance consists of a quartz sand having a mean grain size between 0.5 and 3 mm, preferably between 1 and 1.6 mm. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the binder comprises a polymer plastic. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer thickness of the capillary-filling (18) is between 2 and 10 mm, preferably between 3 and 4 mm. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capillary-filling (18) at the installation in the anchoring layer (2) can be introduced. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the capillary-filling (18) can be introduced into the anchoring layer (2) at the factory. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceramic covering (10) can be adhesively bonded to the anchoring layer (2) and reinforcing layer (5) filled with the capillary-filling (18) by means of an adhesive. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the offset with a binder capillary-filling (18) with the anchoring layer (2) forms a rigid layer for the removal of loads on the ceramic coating (10). Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural element for forming the anchoring layer (2) receiving spaces (16) for receiving the capillary breaking filling (18), between which in the direction of the ceramic coating (10 ) projecting areas or mold elements (7, 8) are arranged. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceramic covering (10) projecting areas or mold elements (7, 8) the ceramic covering (10) directly or indirectly to the substrate (15) supported. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural element for forming the anchoring layer (2) has a regular arrangement of receiving spaces (16) and projecting areas or mold elements (7, 8). Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural element for forming the anchoring layer (2) from a liquid-conducting at least at some points broken film or the like. Is formed from the protruding areas or form elements spatially protruding are formed. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural element for forming the drainage layer (3) is formed from a foil or the like, from which the projections (7, 8) are formed spatially protruding. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to claim 16, characterized in that the protruding regions or form elements (7, 8) or the projections are integrally formed with the film, preferably formed from the film. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to claim 16, characterized in that the projecting portions or mold elements (7, 8) or the free spaces (13) and projections (7, 8) are fixed as separately preformed parts on the film. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural element for forming the anchoring layer (2) has a regular arrangement of receiving spaces (6) and projecting areas or mold elements (7, 8). Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural element for forming the drainage layer (3) moisture-absorbing and -leitende free spaces (16), between which the anchoring layer (2) directed projections (7, 8) are arranged. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to claim 20, characterized in that the free spaces (16) of the drainage layer (3) are mutually in moisture-conducting connection. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural element for forming the drainage layer (3) has a regular arrangement of free spaces (16) and projections (7, 8). Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural element for forming the anchoring layer (2) and / or the structural element for forming the drainage layer (3) has a grid-like structure. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to claim 23, characterized in that the grid-like structural element for forming the anchoring layer (2) and the grid-like structural element for forming the drainage layer (3) have a same structure. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to any one of claims 23 or 24, characterized in that the lattice-like structural element (2, 3) of rod-shaped lattice-like arranged to each other and at the intersection points (9) of the grid fixed individual bars (7, 8) formed is. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to claim 25, characterized in that the intersecting individual rods (7, 8) of the lattice-like structural element (2, 3) are arranged so that a first layer of each identically oriented individual rods (7) below a second layer of this arranged at an angle, in each case to each other identically oriented individual rods (8). Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of claims 25 or 26, characterized in that the individual rods (7, 8) of the two layers are welded together under mechanical pressure in the crossing region (9). Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the individual bars (7, 8) of the lattice-like structural element (2, 3) at least at the intersection points (9) have mutually tilted edge portions, which is undercut Form sections on the individual rods (7, 8). Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of claims 25 to 28, characterized in that between each of the first and the second layer of individual rods (7, 8) free channel-like areas (13) for dewatering of the drainage layer (3) penetrated Liquid are formed. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (5) has a lattice-like fabric, preferably a glass fiber fabric, for secure anchoring with the top of the decoupling and drainage system (1) to be introduced capillary filling. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the underside the drainage layer (3) a sealing layer (4) is arranged on the drainage layer (3), which is formed moisture-impermeable. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to claim 31, characterized in that the drainage layer (3) itself is formed as a sealing layer. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the drainage layer (3) is between 2 and 6 millimeters. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the anchoring layer (2) is between 2 and 6 millimeters. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total thickness of the sealing and drainage system (1) is between 4 and 12 millimeters. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid-permeable layer is formed of a non-woven layer (6) having a small flow resistance to the passage of liquid. Decoupling and drainage system (1) according to claim 36, characterized in that the permeable only for liquids layer (6) prevents passage of the introduced into the anchoring layer (2) capillary filling in the drainage layer (3).

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