EP1913145A2 - Mehrstufiges verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäurealkylestern aus fettsäuren und aliphatischen alkoholen unter verwendung von esterasen im ersten schritt und chemischen katalysatoren in einem weiteren schritt - Google Patents

Mehrstufiges verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäurealkylestern aus fettsäuren und aliphatischen alkoholen unter verwendung von esterasen im ersten schritt und chemischen katalysatoren in einem weiteren schritt

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Publication number
EP1913145A2
EP1913145A2 EP06776548A EP06776548A EP1913145A2 EP 1913145 A2 EP1913145 A2 EP 1913145A2 EP 06776548 A EP06776548 A EP 06776548A EP 06776548 A EP06776548 A EP 06776548A EP 1913145 A2 EP1913145 A2 EP 1913145A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
esterification
alcohol
reaction
isopropyl alcohol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06776548A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sabine Both
Ulrich SCHÖRKEN
Carolin Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cognis IP Management GmbH
Original Assignee
Cognis IP Management GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cognis IP Management GmbH filed Critical Cognis IP Management GmbH
Publication of EP1913145A2 publication Critical patent/EP1913145A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/003—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing enzymes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0215—Sulfur-containing compounds
    • B01J31/0225—Sulfur-containing compounds comprising sulfonic acid groups or the corresponding salts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
    • B01J31/08—Ion-exchange resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/62—Carboxylic acid esters

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of biotechnology and describes a process for the chemo-enzymatically catalyzed production of fatty acid esters whose alcohol components are aliphatic alcohols having a boiling point between 60 and 120 ° C.
  • esterases especially lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) are already used in industrial processes for lipid cleavage, esterification and transesterification.
  • lipases EC 3.1.1.3
  • biocatalytic methods for synthesis are described, for example, in K. Drauz and H. Waldmann, Enzymes Catalysis in Organic Synthesis, WILEY-VCH, Volumes I to III, 2002; U. T. Bornscheuer, RJ. Kazlauskas in Hydrolases in Organic Synthesis.
  • the technical implementation of biocatalytic processes is described by A. Liese, K. Seelbach and C. Wandrey in Industrial Biotransformations, WILEY-VCH, 2002.
  • alcohols having a boiling point below that of water or forming a low boiling azeotrope with water are difficult to work up.
  • complicated processes such as membrane separation, molecular sieve drying or azeotropic distillation using entrainers must be used, which leads to high process costs.
  • the object of the present invention was thus to provide a method available in which fatty acids with aliphatic alcohols whose boiling point is between 60 and 120 0 C, are esterified, without a complicated drying of the alcohol component must be performed.
  • the process should be cost-efficient and recyclable.
  • the enzymes are said to be only slightly impaired in their stability.
  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of fatty acid esters, in which
  • step (c) subjecting the pre-esterification product to a second esterification, which is chemically catalysed, by re-adding the same aliphatic alcohol as used in step (a), and (d) re-using the separated hydrous alcohol of step (c) for enzymatic pre-esterification in step (a).
  • water is separated by phase separation.
  • the reaction proceeds in the direction of ester synthesis, the loss of low-boiling alcohol is low.
  • the reaction can be carried out by adding inert solvents, e.g. Hexane, isooctane or n-octane are moved towards ester, so that the loss of low-boiling alcohol can be kept even lower.
  • inert solvents e.g. Hexane, isooctane or n-octane are moved towards ester, so that the loss of low-boiling alcohol can be kept even lower.
  • a complex and energy-intensive workup of the aqueous alcohol coupled to the reaction is no longer necessary with this reaction. This saving represents an economic and ecological advantage. Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention of the enzymatic reaction, an inert organic solvent is added.
  • Advantage of the method according to the invention is that it is a chemo-enzymatic process.
  • the fatty acid is esterified with an aliphatic alcohol / water mixture to a partial conversion.
  • the water of reaction can be separated by phase separation from the product mixture. This is possible with mild temperatures and defined water / alcohol / ester compositions.
  • Water separation is improved by adding a solvent such as n-octane in the enzymatic stage.
  • the solvent, unreacted alcohol and non-deposited water are distilled off.
  • the remaining teilum pointede material is then fed to a second esterification stage. This stage is carried out, for example, catalysed acid or tin salt.
  • the pressure should be reduced to 1 bar via a pressure ramp of 5 bar at the beginning of the reaction. Vacuum is applied towards the end of the reaction to separate the product mixture from unreacted aliphatic alcohol.
  • Suitable catalysts are all esterification catalysts, tin-2 compounds, zinc compounds, sulfuric acid, para-toluenesulfonic acid or acidic ion exchangers are preferably used.
  • the reaction time for the chemically catalyzed reaction is only 10 to 12 hours, which is at least 50% lower than for a purely chemically catalyzed reaction without enzymatic pre-esterification.
  • fatty acids carboxylic acids of the general formula R-COOH, where R is a straight or branched chain optionally hydroxy-substituted alkyl or alkenyl radical having 6 to 32 carbon atoms, which contains up to 6 conjugated or non-conjugated double bonds.
  • di- and / or polycarboxylic acids are used as fatty acids with straight-chain or branched, optionally hydroxy-substituted alkyl or alkenyl chains having 2 to 32 C atoms.
  • the fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of caproic, enanthic, caprylic, pelargonic, capric, lauric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, petroselinic, petroselaidic, oleic, elaidic, ricinoleic , Linoleic, linoleic, linolenic, levostearic, arachidic, gadoleic, arachidonic, behenic, erucic, brassidic, clupanodonic, lignoceric, cerotic, melissic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, conjugated linoleic, isostearic, 2-ethylhexanoic.
  • the molar ratio used in the process according to the invention between the fatty acid and the aliphatic alcohol deviates only minimally from 1 and is in particular in the range from 0.8 to 1.2, since then the highest yields of the desired product occur.
  • the advertising admixed during the pre- and the post-esterification the principle are those in question, which have a boiling point between 60 and 120 0 C, so, for example, alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methanol (bp 64 ° C) , ethanol (boiling point of 78 0 C), propanol (boiling point 97 ° C), isopropyl alcohol (boiling point 82 ° C) and 1-butanol (boiling point of 118 0 C), isobutyl alcohol (boiling point 108 0 C), sec-butyl alcohol (boiling point 99 0 C) and tert.
  • alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methanol (bp 64 ° C) , ethanol (boiling point of 78 0 C), propanol (boiling point 97 ° C), isopropyl alcohol (boiling point 82 ° C) and
  • Butyl alcohol (boiling point 83 0 C).
  • Enzymes used according to the invention are preferably enzymes from the group of esterases and especially lipases which can be used either alone or in combination with a plurality of enzymes.
  • Particularly preferred as enzymes in the sense of biocatalysts are lipases from the organisms mentioned. In particular, the lipase from Candida antarctica B.
  • the enzymes to be used according to the invention can be used in various forms. In principle, all dosage forms of enzymes customary to the person skilled in the art can be used.
  • the enzymes are preferably used in pure form or as a technical enzyme preparation either immobilized on a carrier material and / or in solution, in particular in aqueous solution, and reused in so-called repeated batches.
  • Particularly preferred immobilized enzymes are adsorbed on hydrophobic supports such as polystyrenes, polyacrylamide or polypropylene support.
  • the esterase and especially the lipase is particularly preferably used in a stabilized form which is obtained by chemical modification with crosslinking reagents, in particular glutaraldehyde, or by chemical surface modification, for example with octanal.
  • the reaction conditions of the biocatalytic reaction according to the invention depend on the optimum reaction range of the selected enzymes. In particular, there are conditions in which, inter alia, the reaction temperature between 20 and 70 0 C, preferably a temperature between 35 and 55 ° C, in particular a temperature between 43 and 45 0 C is selected.
  • Example 1 Stage 1, enzymatic pre-esterification:
  • Example 2 Stage 1, enzymatic pre-esterification,
  • Example 3 Stage 1, enzymatic pre-esterification, experimental apparatus: double-jacket 4-neck round bottom flask with stirrer, internal thermometer, heating cryostat, bottom outlet valve.
  • Example 4 Stage 1, enzymatic pre-esterification,
  • Example 5 Stage 1, enzymatic pre-esterification,
  • immobilized enzyme (Immobilisat used in Example 6) are added 11.25 g (49.3 mmol) myristic acid, 3.75 g (62.5 mmol) of isopropyl alcohol and 0.2 g of deionized water and 5 g of octane.
  • the mixture is incubated at 45 ° C. in a sealed Erlenmeyer flask on a shaker. After 4 h and 24 h, a sample is taken and the conversion is determined by acid number measurement. After completion of the reaction, the enzyme immobilizate is filtered off and reused in a new batch under identical conditions. In this form, the experiment is carried out over a period of 115 days.
  • Example 9 Stage 1, enzymatic pre-esterification,
  • Example 11 Stage 1, enzymatic pre-esterification, to 3 g of immobilized enzyme on polypropylene powder (Candida antarctica B lipase, novozymes adsorbed on polypropylene support, enzyme charge 500 mg technical liquid preparation per g carrier, crosslinked by standard methods with glutaraldehyde) 30 g (150 , 0 mmol) of lauric acid, 9.9 g (165.0 mmol) of isopropyl alcohol, 0.5 g of demineralized water and 8.5 g of octane. The mixture is incubated at 45 ° C in a sealed Erlenmeyer flask on a shaker.
  • Example 12 Esterification with Palmitic Acid: Stage 1, Enzymatic Pre-esterification,
  • the isopropyl alcohol is started to be metered. 1.5 kg of isopropyl alcohol 99.9% are added per hour. During the reaction, an isopropyl alcohol / water distillate is continuously obtained. This is driven over the dephlegmator and completely condensed after the dephlegmator and collected. With the pressure reduction, a dephlegmatist temperature reduction is made.
  • the turnover trend is determined by SZ. Therefore, every hour samples are taken for SC determination.
  • the reaction is run for about 8 hours, the final acid number should be less than 2 after this time. Then the reaction is finished.
  • the excess isopropyl alcohol is distilled off (at 200 0 C reactor temperature, 100 0 C dephlegmator temperature, vacuum ramp from 1000 mbar to 500 mbar within 30 min).
  • the entire collected distillate is collected and fed to the enzymatic pre-esterification.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP06776548A 2005-08-11 2006-08-02 Mehrstufiges verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäurealkylestern aus fettsäuren und aliphatischen alkoholen unter verwendung von esterasen im ersten schritt und chemischen katalysatoren in einem weiteren schritt Withdrawn EP1913145A2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005037989A DE102005037989A1 (de) 2005-08-11 2005-08-11 Verfahren zur chemo-enzymatischen Herstellung von Fettsäureestern
PCT/EP2006/007633 WO2007017167A2 (de) 2005-08-11 2006-08-02 Mehrstufiges verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäurealkylestern aus fettsäuren und aliphatischen alkoholen unter verwendung von esterasen im ersten schritt und chemischen katalysatoren in einem weiteren schritt

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1913145A2 true EP1913145A2 (de) 2008-04-23

Family

ID=37681063

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06776548A Withdrawn EP1913145A2 (de) 2005-08-11 2006-08-02 Mehrstufiges verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäurealkylestern aus fettsäuren und aliphatischen alkoholen unter verwendung von esterasen im ersten schritt und chemischen katalysatoren in einem weiteren schritt

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20100159538A1 (pt)
EP (1) EP1913145A2 (pt)
JP (1) JP2009504813A (pt)
CN (1) CN101238219A (pt)
BR (1) BRPI0615156A2 (pt)
DE (1) DE102005037989A1 (pt)
WO (1) WO2007017167A2 (pt)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013528399A (ja) 2010-06-18 2013-07-11 ブタマックス（ティーエム） アドバンスド バイオフューエルズ エルエルシー 抽出発酵におけるアルコール除去のための、油に由来する抽出溶媒
US9040263B2 (en) 2010-07-28 2015-05-26 Butamax Advanced Biofuels Llc Production of alcohol esters and in situ product removal during alcohol fermentation
DE102010061270A1 (de) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM) Chemisch-enzymatisch katalysierte Veresterung von Fettsäuren in wasserhaltigen bzw. in wässrigen Systemen
CN102321594B (zh) * 2011-08-25 2013-01-09 杭州师范大学 一种叔醇水解酯酶、编码基因、载体及应用
WO2014056756A1 (de) * 2012-10-10 2014-04-17 Basf Se Dreistufiges verfahren zur enzymatischen fettsäureestersynthese
US9416337B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2016-08-16 Basf Se Ester synthesis
CN106591385B (zh) * 2016-11-11 2020-07-28 华南理工大学 一种酶法制备丁酸甘油酯的方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19600025C2 (de) * 1996-01-03 1998-12-03 Henkel Kgaa Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fettstoffen
DE19956599C2 (de) * 1999-11-25 2003-11-13 Cognis Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von entsäuerten Triglyceriden

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2007017167A3 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100159538A1 (en) 2010-06-24
CN101238219A (zh) 2008-08-06
WO2007017167A2 (de) 2007-02-15
BRPI0615156A2 (pt) 2011-05-03
WO2007017167A3 (de) 2007-07-12
DE102005037989A1 (de) 2007-02-15
JP2009504813A (ja) 2009-02-05

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