EP1907647B1 - Lining of a surface, in particular a planar surface, with a flexible covering material, in particular a textile material, and method of lining - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of lining a surface, in particular a planar surface, with a flexible covering material, in particular a textile material, in which the surface is lined with a piece of material or with a number of pieces of material of the flexible covering material and in which the piece of material or the number of pieces of material is or are tensioned. The method is characterized according to the invention in that at least one tensioning rail with a securing side and a mounting side is used for tensioning a piece of material, in that the tensioning rail is brought into pivotable engagement on the securing side with a retaining rail provided on the planar surface, in that a first side of the piece of material is brought into tensionable engagement with the mounting side of the tensioning rail, in that a second side of the piece of material is connected directly or indirectly to the planar surface and in that the tensioning rail is pivoted for tensioning the flexible covering material and is fixed in a tensioning position. The invention also relates to a lining for a surface, in particular a planar surface.

Description

The present invention relates in a first aspect to a method for covering a, in particular flat, surface with a flexible covering material, in particular a textile material, according to the preamble of claim 1. In a second aspect, the invention relates to a lining of a, in particular planar, Surface with a flexible covering material, in particular a textile material, according to the preamble of claim 11.

In a generic method, the surface is covered with a piece of material or more pieces of material of the flexible cover material and the piece of material or the plurality of pieces of material are stretched. A generic panel has a piece of material or more pieces of material of the flexible cover material.

Such panels are used in the field of architecture, for example, for the covering of ceilings, such as large, high halls, for use.

A method and a panel of this kind are out DE 38 30 576 A1 known. The covering material designated as a membrane is thereby clamped between a plurality of clamping plates and, for example by means of screw connections, fixed. The tensioning and fixing, for example at high altitude or at long edges, is complicated and thus expensive in this conventional method, in which screwed or clamped connections are used. In addition, it is not or only with great effort possible to stretch longitudinally and transversely to the edge. However, biaxial clamping is a prerequisite for freedom from wrinkles.

Cladding of the type mentioned are also described in DE 33 29 542 A1 . DE 23 06 727 . US 6,164,364 such as DE 199 59 254 C1 ,

EP 1 271 456 A2 discloses a fastening system for attaching a shield to a substrate. The fastening system includes a frame and clamping plates for tensioning the shield. EP 1 271 456 A2 discloses a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a cover according to the preamble of claim 11.

The object of the invention is to provide a covering of surfaces and a method for this purpose, wherein even large areas can be dressed inexpensively and quickly.

This object is achieved by the method with the features of claim 1 and the cladding with the features of claim 11.

It is provided in the method that is used for clamping a piece of material at least one clamping rail with a mounting side and a mounting side, that the clamping rail is brought on the support side with a provided on the surface holding rail in pivotal engagement that a first side of the piece of material with the mounting side of the clamping rail is brought into a tensile load on engagement that a second side of the piece of material is connected directly or indirectly with the surface on train loadable and that the tensioning rail is pivoted for tensioning the flexible cover material and fixed in a clamping position.

When the panel is provided that for tensioning the cover material clamping rails are provided, on each of which a support side and a mounting side is formed, that the clamping rails in each case with its support side with a support surface provided on another surface can be brought into pivotal engagement, that the clamping rail with respect to Retaining rail can be fixed in a clamping position, that a first side of a piece of material with the mounting side of a tensioning rail can be brought into a tensile load on engagement, that a second side of the piece of material directly or indirectly with the flat surface is also engageable in a train engageable engagement and that by clamping the clamping rail and fixing the clamping rail in the clamping position a clamping state of the flexible cover material can be produced.

As a first core idea can be considered to perform the clamping operation for a piece of material, so to speak on site, on an already preassembled piece of material. It has been recognized that this can be accomplished particularly easily if on one side of the piece of material a plate referred to here as a tensioning rail, which is arranged pivotably on the surface to be covered, is connected. By simply pivoting the plate, the piece of material, which is connected to another, for example, opposite side directly or indirectly tensile strength with the surface stretched. The tensioning rail is then in a fixable clamping position. For this clamping state can be realized, the piece of material must have a suitable size.

With this assembly concept for flat textile surfaces a variety of advantages are achieved. Since the tensioned state by simple Folding or pivoting of clamping elements is achieved, a particularly fast assembly is possible. In addition, since the tensioning rails can in principle also be dimensioned very large, this can be achieved with considerably reduced personnel deployment compared to the prior art. With the help of suitable tools for pivoting the slide rails is also an adaptation to the particular conditions of the site, especially for fairings at high altitude and floor plans with large openings unproblematic and inexpensive.

Since a complex fixing and tensioning of the membrane with the aid of clamping devices and screw connections is dispensed with, the covering material can also be arranged particularly easily biaxially without wrinkles and with narrow and exactly straight edges.

Another essential core idea is that the cover material is connected in a manner with the clamping rails, that it can move during clamping relative to the clamping rail in a longitudinal direction of the clamping rail. In this way, the biaxial or two-dimensional clamping, that is to say clamping in both a transverse and in a longitudinal direction, can be carried out particularly easily.

With the method, even very large, prefabricated membrane elements can be brought quickly to the surface to be covered, for example, from the floor to the ceiling. There, the large membrane element can be positioned, clamped and fixed with little expenditure of time. A clear improvement is that clamping and fixing no longer interfere with each other. Strains from the clamping process, which are accompanied by movements and deformations, which then also occur at the attachment points are not obstructed. In particular, in clamping connections where stretching in the direction of the edge during clamping is practically not possible, or at least leads to drape, a two- or biaxial clamping is not possible.

It is also advantageous that in the process and in the lining previously necessary particularly time-consuming fittings can be omitted.

In the process, the functions of installation, clamping, fixing and covering are integrated. High speed and functionality are achieved in particular by the speed of positioning by threading the piece of material in a Kederprofil, by screwless holding the membrane during installation and by a particularly easy clamping, especially in two directions, by the special mechanism, the essential component of a Clamping rail exists. In this case, the process steps of positioning, clamping and fixing do not hinder each other and a quick, screwless fixing in the tensioned state is possible. With the help of a clamping profile, a resulting joint can be covered cleanly and quickly. Between two adjacent sections or fields, only a minimal wide butt joint is created.

For example, a mounting of very large ceiling elements with dimensions of about 10x50m ² at a height of about 10m readily possible.

A particular advantage of the method and the cladding is that the positioning, Clamping and fixing the respective piece of material without mutual interference is possible. It eliminates in this way, the hitherto necessary and in particular over head and at great height consuming holding the piece of material in the correct position before fixing. In mechanical terms, considerable advantages are also achieved, as can be dispensed with the terminals and / or screws through which perforated under certain circumstances, in any case, weakened.

By fixing the clamping rail in a defined, predetermined by the properties of the clamping rail and the retaining rail clamping position also a particularly well-defined positioning of the edge of the piece of material can be achieved, which is not possible with a spring clamp.

In principle, the cladding and the method for any surfaces. However, the advantages are particularly clear when used for flat surfaces, for example in the cladding of walls or ceilings. In particular, with the method even very large ceilings, for example, of large halls, even at high altitude can be easily covered.

The pivot axis of the clamping rail can in principle be oriented arbitrarily; but preferably extends substantially along, ie parallel, to the surface to be covered.

Basically, the slide rails can be connected to the respective piece of material before mounting on the surface to be covered. But particularly preferably, the tensioning rails are first brought into pivotable engagement with the retaining rails on the surface to be covered. Attaching the Piece of material is then particularly simple, since it only needs to be attached to the already on the surface to be covered, such as a ceiling, existing tension rails. This operation is not subject to a high accuracy requirement since the clamping is done thereafter and therefore can be performed quickly.

The support rails can be integrated into the surface to be covered, for example, the ceiling, or be designed as separate components.

In a particularly preferred variant of the loadable train train engagement of the piece of material and the clamping rail is a cross-engagement. Such a compound can be made and released quickly.

In a simple manufacturing technology, such a cross-engagement can be realized if the piece of material of the cover is provided with a piping and the clamping rail with a corresponding groove, in particular an annular groove. A piping is a, for example, bead-like, thickening of the edge of the cover material. Such a piping preferably has a round cross section.

Good properties with regard to handling and mechanical interaction with the covering material and the tensioning rails can be achieved if the welt is made of a tensile, flexurally soft material, in particular a stranded wire or a plastic wire. In view of the greatest possible freedom from wrinkles of the covering material, the cedar material is preferably chosen so that the piping deforms on tensile stress substantially as the covering material.

In terms of method, the cover material can then be drawn into the already arranged on the surface to be covered, but still pivotable slide rails. This is particularly fast and easy to do with little staff and especially at high altitude to accomplish.

For example, a rope can be used for pulling in. For example, if a ceiling to be disguised, this can be done in a very advantageous manner from the ground. For example, a steel cord can be used. The rope, which may also be referred to as Fädellitze, may preferably be already installed in the support rails. Preferably, the Stahlfädellitze have a diameter of about 3mm and be provided with coupling pieces, so that the Litzenteilstücke of adjoining support rails can be connected together.

Large areas can be covered particularly quickly and effectively, if sheets of covering material are used as pieces of material. The term "web" is intended to mean a substantially rectangular piece of material in which the length is substantially greater than the width. Such a web may for example have dimensions of 10x50m ² .

The cover material used may preferably be a textile material, in particular a technical light fabric, or a film. Textile materials have particularly advantageous properties in terms of assembly and are also available in a wide variety of specifications. The term photometric material or tissue is understood to mean, in general terms, tissues with specific optical properties. In particular, this includes tissue with which specifically achieves a particularly high scattering of the light without losing any significant intensity. The covering material or the membrane may, for example, have a specific gravity of about 100-400 g / m ² . The vertical forces caused thereby can be absorbed by the tensioning rails and the support rails, in particular by a latching mechanism.

To achieve a fold-free as possible installation state, the piece of material is preferably chosen slightly smaller than the then in the clamping state actually covered area. That that the piece of material is stretched during clamping. A good, wrinkle-free assembly state at the same time not too high clamping forces is achieved in typical fabrics when the piece of material with respect to length and width in each case 1 to 5%, preferably 1%, smaller than dimensioned in the expanded installation state.

The tensioning rails are preferably made of a light metal, in particular of aluminum. For example, it can be aluminum extruded profiles. Preferably, the annular groove of the clamping leg or clamping rails should be designed to be smooth inside for better sliding of the welt. For optical reasons, but also to facilitate slipping through the piping of the piece of material, the clamping rails made of aluminum can be provided with an anodization.

In principle, the core idea explained above is already realized if, in the case of a piece of material which is connected in a tension-tight manner to the surface to be clad on one side, a further, in particular opposite, side is tensioned by means of a tensioning rail to be pivoted into a clamping state. Particularly preferred, however, clamping rails are provided on at least two opposite sides, in particular on all sides, of the material piece. For example, in the case of a rectangular piece of material, about a lane in the sense described above, be provided on all four sides clamping rails.

A wrinkle-free, smooth surface of the covering material can then be achieved in a simple manner by tensioning the covering material both in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction. This is called biaxial clamping.

With regard to the specific procedure, there are basically freedoms. It is particularly advantageous, especially when textile webs are used as pieces of material, when the cover material is stretched first in the longitudinal direction and then in the transverse direction. In this case, the end faces of the webs may preferably already be provided with the respectively necessary tension rails, which are then inserted into the retaining rails provided on the surface to be clad.

In principle, it may be sufficient that only at certain parts of the piece of material clamping rails are provided. A particularly wrinkle-free and wrinkle-free surface of the cover material is achieved, however, if over the entire length of the piece of material clamping rails are provided.

Also with regard to the specific training and choice of clamping position exist freedom of choice. Thus, the pivoting movement can in principle be performed by almost 180 °, wherein the cover material is then in the clamping state in the immediate vicinity of the surface to be covered. But particularly preferred is a variant in which the clamping rails for, in particular uniform, spaced holding the cover material are formed with respect to the flat surface. The slide rails are then preferably transversely to the clamping position to be covered area. A locked clamping position can be provided in this context in that the slide rails and the support rails are designed for a latching, rotationally fixed connection.

This can be inexpensively realized in procedural terms, that the retaining rails have a resilient leg with a bead and the clamping rails are provided with a correspondingly shaped recess, wherein the latching, non-rotatable connection is provided by pressing the clamping rail perpendicular to the pivot axis.

Particular advantages arise in this context when the support rails are formed for adjacent recording of two slide rails. This can be done in particular by an essentially mirror-symmetrical design of the support rails. Any differential forces that occur due to a fundamentally possible different voltage in adjacent pieces of material, can be compensated by the support rails.

An optical cover and a mechanical connection can be achieved in this context if two adjacent slide rails are covered and fixed in the clamping position by a cover profile. According to the invention, this cover profile is designed such that, according to claim 11, it can be fastened in a latching manner on the tensioning rails. This allows easy and quick installation and accordingly also a problem-free disassembly.

A complete covering of a corner region, in which a front side and a longitudinal side abut one another, can be accomplished in an uncomplicated manner by the following method steps. First, a front-side tension rail section is mounted. Subsequently, a tensioning of the piece of material takes place in the longitudinal direction. The assembly of the front-side tensioning rail section can only now be done. Subsequently, the piece of material is stretched in the transverse direction, with an end-side piping of the piece of material sliding into the front-side tensioning rail section. The corner area is then closed by inserting a longitudinal tensioning rail section after tensioning in the transverse direction. As a result, approximately perfect linings of corner areas are possible in optical terms.

According to the invention a particularly safe working is made possible when, according to claim 1, for pushing forces outward clamping slides in the support rails an indenting tool is used with a pusher, wherein the pusher is supported on a provided in the support rails abutment and the einzulrückenden slide rails. For this purpose, the support rails may be provided with an abutment, with which the pressing means of the indenting tool can be brought into a supporting, for example, engaging behind, engagement.

According to the invention, the functionality of such an indenting tool can be increased and this indenting tool can be referred to as a push-pull tool, if, according to claim 1, for outwardly force-free extraction of the clamping rails from the support rails such a push-pull tool with a push Pulling device is used, wherein the push-pull device for pulling out is brought into a traversing engagement with the slide rails. This can be realized, for example, by the fact that the clamping rails on their mounting sides profilings, in particular beads, with which the push-pull tool for pulling out the clamping rails can be brought into a back-engaging engagement. These beads can also serve for latching receiving a cover profile.

In the panel according to the invention, sprinklers and smoke flaps can be integrated easily. For example, a sprinkler with housing already be built into the ceiling structure. The sprinkler head can then be unscrewed and, when the membrane is fully assembled and tensioned, clamp rings are fastened to the bell below the sprinkler bell with screws through the membrane, thereby firmly clamping the membrane. Subsequently, by removing the membrane material, for example by cutting out, the sprinkler bell can be exposed.

An assembly of smoke flaps can be done in an inconvenient manner via lightweight subcarrier, which are installed in a preparation step and on which, for example, a photometric membrane is already pre-assembled. The membrane is then clamped and cut out at the edges of the flaps, which are frames covered with the cover material. The flaps can then be attached to hinges and provided with suitable actuators. These smoke flap actuators are controlled by smoke sensors and open the smoke flaps in the event of fire. The integration of fans in such a ceiling construction is possible without any problems.

Further advantages and characteristics of the method according to the invention and of the cladding according to the invention are explained below with reference to the attached figures.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Teilansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Verkleidung gemäß Anspruch 11 mit verschiedenen Schwenkzuständen einer Spannschiene;

Fig. 2

eine weitere perspektivische Teilansicht des Ausführungsbeispiels aus Fig. 1 mit zwei Spannschienen in Spannposition;

Fig. 3

eine weitere perspektivische Teilansicht des Ausführungsbeispiel aus Fig. 1 mit aufgesteckter Abdeckschiene;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Teilansicht des in Fig. 3 durch einen Kreis 64 gekennzeichneten Bereichs;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Teilansicht des in Fig. 3 durch einen Kreis 65 gekennzeichneten Bereichs;

Fig. 6 bis 11

in perspektivischen schematischen Ansichten verschiedene Stadien bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Verkleidung eines Dachs mit einem Textilmaterial;

Fig. 11 bis 16

in perspektivischen Teilansichten verschiedene Stadien bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Verkleidung eines Eckbereichs;

Fig. 17

in verschiedenen Schnittansichten ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Verkleidung gemäß dem Verfahren des Anspruchs 1 mit einer ersten Variante eines Eindrückwerkzeugs für die Spannschienen, und

Fig. 18

in einer Schnittansicht das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Verkleidung aus Fig. 17 mit einer zweiten Variante des Eindrückwerkzeugs für die Spannschienen.

Show:

Fig. 1

a partial perspective view of a first embodiment of a panel according to the invention according to claim 11 with different pivot states of a clamping rail;

Fig. 2

another perspective partial view of the embodiment Fig. 1 with two slide rails in clamping position;

Fig. 3

another perspective partial view of the embodiment Fig. 1 with attached cover rail;

Fig. 4

a partial perspective view of the in Fig. 3 area indicated by a circle 64;

Fig. 5

a partial perspective view of the in Fig. 3 area indicated by a circle 65;

Fig. 6 to 11

in perspective schematic views of various stages in carrying out the method according to the invention for covering a roof with a textile material;

Fig. 11 to 16

in perspective partial views of various stages in the implementation of the method according to the invention for covering a corner region;

Fig. 17

in different sectional views, a second embodiment of a lining according to the invention according to the method of claim 1 with a first variant of a Eindrückwerkzeugs for the clamping rails, and

Fig. 18

in a sectional view of the second embodiment of the panel according to the invention Fig. 17 with a second variant of the insertion tool for the clamping rails.

The underlying principles of the invention and the essential components are described with reference to the Fig. 1 to 5 explained. There, a core element of the invention-βen panel is shown. For identical components, the same reference numerals are used in the figures.

As an essential part of the lining according to the invention initially includes a plurality of support rails 18, of which in the Fig. 1 to 3 each one is shown by way of example. These retaining rails 18, which can also be referred to as a fastening profile, can in principle be fastened directly to the surface to be covered, for example a ceiling, or integrated in this. In the example shown, the retaining rail 18 is attached via a slot 19 and a screw 21 to a T-beam 60, which is arranged on the one hand below a ceiling, not shown here. On the support rail 18 are centrally arranged substantially symmetrically angled and resilient legs 40 and a middle leg 41, between which clamping rails 14 are pivotally received with a support side 15, see Fig. 5 , Fig. 1 shows these clamping rails 14 in two different widely swung out states and in a clamping position in which the clamping rail 14 transversely, that is substantially perpendicular to the support rail 18 and the transverse part of the T-beam 60 are arranged. Over the entire circumference of a piece of material 12, ie both at the longitudinal and at the transverse edges, tensioning rails 14 are used for tensioning the material piece 12.

On a mounting side 16, the clamping rails 14 each have an annular groove 38, in which a piping 46 of a piece of material 12 of a covering material 10 can be accommodated. The piping 46, which is formed in the example shown from an elastic and similar to the cover 10 stretchable plastic material is located with the annular groove 38 in a cross-engagement, so that the connection between the cover 10 and the mounting side 16 of the clamping rail fourteenth can be loaded on train and the cover 12 can be tightened by pivoting the clamping rail 14.

Out Fig. 1 is also apparent that two slide rails 14 are received in a symmetrical manner in the support rail 18 and lie in the clamping position back to back. According to the invention, a hat-shaped covering profile 24 for resilient covering and mechanical fixing is slipped over resilient legs 52 which are formed on the mounting sides 16 of the tensioning rails 14. As in detail Fig. 4 can be seen by lugs or beads 56 which are formed at the end portions of the legs 52 and by corresponding recesses 54 in the cover 24 allows a latching engagement of the cover 24. In particular, tensile forces of the cover material 10 can also be absorbed by the cover profile 24.

In the in Fig. 1 illustrated situation is a piece of material 12 of the cover 10 in the in Fig. 1 swung left shown Clamping rail 14 inserted or threaded. The piece of material 12 is threaded on both sides, ie also on an opposite side not shown here, in a tensioning rail. The tension rails 14 pivot out due to the tension exerted by the piece of material 12. By folding back the piece of material 12 whose size is "compensated", that is slightly smaller than the area to be covered, is stretched. Preferably, the piece of material 12 is selected in its length expansions about 1% smaller than the area to be covered.

Fig. 2 shows a situation in which two adjoining slide rails 14 in the clamping position, ie substantially transversely pivoted to the support rail 18 and there rotatably locked, namely locked, are. Both pieces of material 12 are stretched. According to the invention, a cover profile 24 is attached. Fig. 3 shows the panel according to the invention in the state of completion.

This rotatable locking is determined by Fig. 5 explained. There, the ends of the support side 15 of the clamping rails 14 and a part of the retaining rail 18 are shown. Both clamping rails 14 have there an angled portion 23, the ends of which each form a stop 25. These stops 25 abut the legs 40 of the retaining rail 18 inside and are supported there. In addition, since beads 40 are formed at each bend of the legs 40, which engage in corresponding recesses 44 existing on the slide rails 14, the slide rails in the in Fig. 5 shown situation in total rotationally fixed in the support rail 18 added. This state is in the embodiment shown here by Pressing and subsequent engagement of the clamping rails 14 in or in the holding rail 18 is achieved. In this case, bending moments and transverse forces from a possible elastic tension of the covering material and vertical loads, such as the weight of the covering material 10, are taken up by the tensioning rails 14 and the retaining rail 18 in a clamping box of the retaining rail 18. In this case, the gripping box is understood to be the area of the holding rail 18 encompassed by the legs 40, into which the clamping rail 14 is pushed up and where the tensioning rail 14 engages. The already rotationally fixed clamping position of the clamping rail 14 is by pressing the hat-like cover profile 24, which in Fig. 2 when removed, fixed. 3 and 4 show the cover 24 in the plugged or latched state.

The new assembly concept is described with reference to Fig. 6 to 10 will be described in detail below with reference to an example in which a roof structure 70 is covered.

First of all, the tensioning rails 14, which are not shown in detail for clarity in this figure, are first prepared via retaining rails 18, likewise not shown, on the roof construction, which can consist of masts and holding straps, for example. Furthermore, a membrane bale, ie a roller 72 with a web 26 of a textile covering material 10, is suitably positioned on a rotatably mounted block. The web 26 is made-up compensated, that is made smaller by the amount of tension strains. Finally, a threading device with ropes 75, for example steel cables, which can also be referred to as threading cords, attached to a threading funnel not shown in detail and suitable winches.

In a second phase, the web 26 of the textile cover material 10, which at their longitudinal edges each with piping, as described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 to 5 explained, is provided, fed into the annular grooves of the already mounted but still pivotable slide rails 14. The annular grooves are also referred to as Kederprofile. The retraction of the web 26 can be done without much effort, since the web 26 sags loose unrestrained. For this purpose, a threading cord is pulled through the Kederprofil and wound on the winds.

In the in Fig. 7 As shown, the web 26 has already retracted to about 3/5 of the total distance in the longitudinal direction 20. Fig. 8 shows then the state in which the web 26 is completely retracted over the entire length, but still loosely suspended in the freely pivotable or rotatable tension rails. The means for threading the web 26 can now be dismantled. In the now following phase, the in Fig. 9 is shown, the web 26 is stretched in the direction indicated by the double arrow 20 longitudinal direction. In addition, the web 26 is fixed to the end faces 28 with the aid of the existing there slide rails 14. Clamping and fixing thus takes place in one operation. Since the piping at the edges of the web 26, as described above, are elastic, since the piping also loosely slide in the annular grooves and since screw or other clamp connections are not present anyway, the clamping operation is not hindered and therefore can be performed easily and smoothly become. In particular, the web 26 can be kept in its desired position without additional means.

At the conclusion of the clamping operation, the clamping and fixing takes place in the direction indicated by the double arrow 22 transverse direction. For this purpose, the longitudinal clamping rails are pivoted and then pressed into the clamping position. The pivoting can, for example, be accomplished using suitable tools, so-called collets. With such collets, the clamping operation can be performed simultaneously for two adjacent edges. This allows a fast and continuous work.

Fig. 10 shows the stretched in the longitudinal direction 20 and transverse direction 22 and fixed web 26. Finally, as described above, cover 24 can be pressed or snapped.

The method allows quick installation and is therefore very cost effective. Positioning and biaxial or biaxial clamping and fixing are performed by one element, namely the novel tensioning rail. The membrane fields are geometrically almost perfect. Tolerances are compensated in a very simple way. The joints or joints of adjacent pieces of material or membrane fields are very narrow and optically not significant.

With reference to the Fig. 11 to 16 Now, the implementation of the panel or the clamping operation in a corner region in which an end face 28 and a longitudinal side 30 abut each other is described. The Fig. 11 to 16 show such a corner each in perspective views from below. For identical components, the same reference numerals are used in these figures.

Initial state is the in Fig. 11 illustrated situation. On an end face 28, which can also be referred to as a transverse side, the material to be stretched piece 12 is from the beginning with a clamping rail 14 which is not yet plugged into a retaining rail 18 added. In the piece of material 12 of Covering material 10 is again a web 26. The tensioning rail 14 is therefore from the beginning in the piece of material 12, which has on its front side a frontal piping 34, bounced, ie introduced. Moreover, in the in Fig. 11 shown starting the threading of the web 26 into the clamping rail 14 on the longitudinal side 30, Fig. 11 , right area. However, the tensioning rail 14 on the longitudinal side 30 is still, at least as far as the track 26 permits, pivotable and easily sags.

In the next step, the clamping rail 14 is now inserted or hooked on the end face 28 in the support rail 18 on the end face 28, wherein already a part of the tension is applied. The longitudinal side piping 35 is loosely in the annular groove of the clamping rail 14. By pivoting the clamping rails 14 on the end face 28 is now biased in the longitudinal direction 20. This starts the tensioning process in the longitudinal direction 20. This phase is in Fig. 12 shown. Both the tensioning rail 14 on the end face 28 and the tensioning rail 14 on the longitudinal side 30 are still pivotable there. Out Fig. 12 is also apparent that on the longitudinal side 30 in the immediate corner region, a part is still free, ie without tensioning rail 14, is. In the immediate corner region of the end face 28, a front-side tensioning rail section 32 is already inserted into the retaining rail 18 and is located there in the above-described rotationally fixed clamping position. The width of the region remaining free on the longitudinal side 30 depends on the respective geometric conditions.

The tensioning of the web 26 in the longitudinal direction 20 is then completed by pivoting the tensioning rail 14 on the end face 28. This situation is in Fig. 13 shown. The piece of material 12 is now stretched uniaxially in the longitudinal direction 20.

The clamping rail 14 on the end face 28 is pressed there into the retaining rail 18 and now transmits the clamping forces.

In a next step, as in Fig. 14 shown, now only locally on the edge of the end face 28, the web 26 stretched in the transverse direction 22. Here, the front-side piping 34 is inserted or threaded into the end-side tensioning rail section 32 and held by this.

At the conclusion of the tensioning process, this is in Fig. 15 1, a longitudinal tension rail section 36 is inserted into the retaining rail 18 provided on the longitudinal side 30, wherein the longitudinal welt 35 slides into the longitudinal tension rail section 36. In this threading of the longitudinal-side tensioning rail section 36 in the longitudinal direction 20, the tensioning rail 14 on the longitudinal side 30 pivots or twists gradually into a vertical position and the web 26 is tensioned overall in the transverse direction 22.

When all the slide rails 14 are pivoted in the longitudinal direction 20 and in the transverse direction 22, they are pressed into the respective support rails 18 and are then in the clamping position. The web 26 is now, as in Fig. 16 shown, perfectly biaxially stretched.

Based on Fig. 17 an alternative embodiment of a retaining rail 18 according to the invention is explained, which, together with a tool 80 also shown there, allows a force-free for a user impressions of the clamping rails 14 in the rotationally fixed clamping position. Fig. 17 a) shows in a sectional view a holding rail 18 with two there recorded back to back rails 14, which are indeed already pivoted maximum, so that the pieces of material 12 are curious, but not yet to achieve the rotationally fixed clamping position in the retaining rail 18 are pressed. The components of the resilient legs 40, formed there beads 42 and the corresponding formed in the clamping rails 14 recesses 44 correspond to the embodiment described above.

In contrast to the first illustrated example but is in the in Fig. 17 a) variant shown modified the profile. There is no single central leg, but a double leg 45 is present, which forms a central groove 47, and on which with a passage 49, an abutment 84 is formed. This abutment 84 cooperates in the manner described below with an indenting tool 80, which allows a force-free for a user impressions of the clamping rails 14 in the support rails 18.

This indenting tool 80 is in Fig. 17 b) and c) shown in a longitudinal sectional view. The indenting tool 80 essentially consists of a tension rod 88, at the end of which, on the one hand, a hammer head 86 and, on the other hand, a support plate 87 are fixedly arranged. In addition, a relative to the tension rod 88 movably arranged support block 89 is provided, which can be moved by means of a double arrow arrows shown pressing device 82. The pressing device 82 may be, for example, a pneumatic or hydraulic piston, a suitable spindle, or else an electromechanical or eccentric drive. For pressing in the tensioning rails 14, the indenting tool 80 is first inserted with its hammer head 86 into the middle groove 47 and then through the passage 49 into the retaining rail 18. Then, the head and 90 ° is rotated, so that the hammer head 86 can be supported on the abutment 84. The indentation forces are now directly short-circuited by the abutment 84 in the support rail 18. It also encompasses, as in Fig. 17 a) also schematically shown, the suitably shaped support block 89, the clamping rails 14 on the mounting side 16. With the help of the pressing device 82, the distance between the support block 89 and the provided at the lower end of the tie rod 88 support plate 87 can now be increased. As a result, the clamping rails 14 are pressed into the retaining rails 18, without external forces acting. This is particularly advantageous when a fitter on a mechanically unstable surface, for example, on a soft or wobbly lift climber or on a ladder must be, and can not muster large forces or should.

If the support block 89 and the ends of the tensioning rails 14 are suitably shaped on their mounting side 16 and can be brought into a supporting, in particular form-fitting, engagement with each other, this process can also be reversed, i. be used for the force-free extraction of the clamping rails 14, so that a removal of an already mounted membrane field or piece of material is made possible. When depressed slide rails then the indenting tool is inserted, the clamping rails are positively enclosed by a bearing block of the indenting tool and the rod is pressed with the hammer head against the support rail, so that on the tensioning rails - is pulled outward force - and these are pulled out.

A second inventive variant of the indenting tool, in which a withdrawal, ie disassembly, of the clamping rails is possible, is in Fig. 18 shown. The panel shown there corresponds to the embodiment Fig. 17 , where in Fig. 18 the slide rails 14 are shown in the depressed state in the support rail 18 and the indenting tool 80 is inserted. However, differences exist in the indenting tool 80, more precisely in the region of the support block 89.

This support block is formed in the example shown for engaging engagement with the mounting side 16 of a pair of slide rails 14. True, the indenting tool can Fig. 18 Therefore, be referred to as a push-pull tool. More precisely, the support block 89 has a suitably shaped profiling 53, which engages behind the beads 56 formed on the resilient legs 52 of the tensioning rails 14. In reversal of the related Fig. 17 The process described so the clamping rails 14 are positively enclosed by the support block 89. The hammer head 86 is then rotated so that it can be moved out of the support rail 18. By a contraction of the indenting tool 80, ie, a movement of the support block in the direction of the support plates 87, then the clamping rails 14 can be pulled out. This contraction is illustrated by the double arrows 83. The contraction can also be accomplished with the variants mentioned above for the pusher 82.

Claims (23)

1. Method for lining an in particular flat surface with a flexible covering material, particularly textile material,
   in which the surface is lined with one or more material pieces (12) of the flexible covering material (10) and
   in which the material piece (12) or the several material pieces (12) are stretched, where for stretching a material piece (12) use is made of at least one stretching rail (14) with a holding side (15) and an assembly side (16),
   where the stretching rail (14) is brought into pivotable engagement on the holding side (15) with a holding rail (18) provided on the surface,
   where a first side of the material piece (12) is brought into tensile loadable engagement with the assembly side (16) of the stretching rail (14),
   where a second side of the material piece (12) is directly or indirectly tensile loadably connected to the surface and
   where the stretching rail (14) for stretching the flexible covering material (10) is pivoted and fixed in a stretching position,
   where the covering material (10) is firstly stretched in a longitudinal direction (20) and then in a transverse direction (22) and
   where the material piece (12) of the covering material (10) during stretching in said longitudinal direction (20) is displaced in a stretching rail (14) fitted in said longitudinal direction (20),
   characterized in that
   for the outward, force-free pressing in of the stretching rail (14) into the holding rails (18) a forging in tool (80) with a pressing device (82) is used, the pressing device (82) being supported on an abutment (84) provided in the holding rails (18) and the stretching rails (14) to be forced in and/or
   that for the outward, force-free drawing out of the stretching rails (14) from the holding rails (18) use is made of a pressing-drawing tool (80) with a pressing-drawing device (82, 83), the latter (82, 83) being brought into a back engagement with the stretching rails (14) for drawing out purposes.
2. Method according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   on the surface to be lined firstly the stretching rails (14) are brought into pivotable engagement with the holding rails (18).
3. Method .according to one of the claims 1 or 2,
   characterized in that
   particularly in the longitudinal direction (20), the covering material (10) is drawn into the still pivotable stretching rails (14).
4. Method according to claim 3,
   characterized in that
   a cable is used for drawing in the covering material (10).
5. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that
   two adjacent stretching rails (14) are covered and fixed by a covering profile (24).
6. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that
   as the material piece (12) use is made of a web (26) of the covering material (10).
7. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 6,
   characterized in that
   stretching rails (14) are provided on at least two facing sides, particularly on all sides of the material piece (12).
8. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in that,
   with respect to length and width, the material piece (12) is in each case dimensioned by 1 to 5 %, preferably 1% smaller than in the lengthened installation state.
9. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that
   the covering material (10) used is a textile material, particularly a photometric fabric.
10. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    for stretching the material piece (12) in a corner region where a front side (52) and a longitudinal side (54) abut with one another, the following method steps are performed:

    - frontal fitting of a frontal stretching rail portion (32),

    - stretching the material piece (12) in longitudinal direction (20),

    - stretching the material piece (12) in transverse direction (22), where a frontal welt (34) of the material piece (12) slides into the frontal stretching rail portion (32),

    - closing the corner region by inserting a longitudinal-sided stretching rail portion (36) following stretching in transverse direction (22).
11. Lining of an in particular flat surface with a flexible covering material, particularly textile material, with one or more material pieces (12) of the flexible covering material (10),
    where for stretching the covering material (10) stretching rails (14) are provided on which is in each case formed a holding side (15) and an assembly side (16), where the stretching rails (14) can in each case be brought into pivotable engagement by their holding side (15) with a holding rail (18) provided on the surface,
    where the stretching rails (14) can be fixed in a stretching position relative to the holding rail (18),
    where for the provision of a tensile loadable back engaging connection of the covering material (10) to the stretching rail (14) a material piece (12) of the covering material (10) is provided with a welt (46) and the stretching rail (14) is provided on the assembly side (16) with a corresponding groove (38), particularly an annular groove,
    where a second side of the material piece (12) is directly or indirectly brought into a tensile loadable engagement with the surface and
    where by pivoting the stretching rail (14) and fixing the same in the stretching position a stretching state of the flexible covering material (10) can be achieved, where for permitting a bidimensional stretching of the covering material (10), the welt (46) and the groove (38) are formed in such a way that the welt (46) can be longitudinally displaced in the groove (38),
    characterized in that
    for the connection of two adjacent stretching rails (14) a covering profile (24) is provided which can be fixed in a locking manner to the stretching rails (14) in the stretching position.
12. Lining according to claim 11,
    characterized in that
    the material piece (12) is a web (26).
13. Lining according to one of the claims 11 or 12,
    characterized in that,
    with respect to length and width, the material piece (12) is in each case 1 to 5%, preferably 1% smaller dimensioned than in the lengthened installation state.
14. Lining according to one of the claims 11 to 13,
    characterized in that
    the welt (46) is formed from a tension-proof, flexible material, particularly a strand or a plastic wire.
15. Lining according to one of the claim 11 to 14,
    characterized in that
    the holding rails (18) are constructed for adjacent reception of two stretching rail (14).
16. Lining according to one of the claims 11 to 15,
    characterized in that
    the stretching rails (14) and the holding rails (18) are designed for a locking, rotation-fixed connection.
17. Lining according to claim 16,
    characterized in that
    for providing the locking, rotation-fixed connection the holding rails (18) have a resilient leg (40) with a bulge (62) and the stretching rails (14) are provided with a correspondingly shaped recess (44) and the locking, rotation-fixed connection can be brought about by pressing the stretching rail (14) transversely to the pivoting axis.
18. Lining according to one of the claims 11 to 17,
    characterized in that
    stretching rails (14) are provided on at least two facing sides of the material piece (12), particularly on all sides of the material piece (12).
19. Lining according to on of the claim 11 to 18,
    characterized in that
    the stretching rails (14) are constructed for the in particular uniformly spaced holding of the covering material (10) relative to the surface.
20. Lining according to one of the claims 11 to 19,
    characterized in that
    stretching rails (14) are provided over the entire length of the material piece (12).
21. Lining according to one of the claims 11 to 20,
    characterized in that
    the stretching rails (14) are made from light metal, particularly aluminium.
22. Lining according to one of the claim 11 to 21,
    characterized in that
    the holding rails (18) are provided with an abutment (84) for the outward, force-free pressing in of the stretching rails (14) and by means of which a pressing device (82) of a forcing in tool (80) can be brought into a supporting, particularly back engagement.
23. Lining according to one of the claims 11 to 22,
    characterized in that
    on their assembly side (16) the stretching rails (14) have profilings, particularly bulges (56), with which a pressing-drawing tool (80) can be brought into back engagement for drawing out the stretching rails (14).

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