EP1899541B1 - Thermal interrupter - Google Patents
Thermal interrupter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1899541B1 EP1899541B1 EP06778647A EP06778647A EP1899541B1 EP 1899541 B1 EP1899541 B1 EP 1899541B1 EP 06778647 A EP06778647 A EP 06778647A EP 06778647 A EP06778647 A EP 06778647A EP 1899541 B1 EP1899541 B1 EP 1899541B1
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- European Patent Office
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/7675—Insulating linings for the interior face of exterior walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B2001/7679—Means preventing cold bridging at the junction of an exterior wall with an interior wall or a floor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
- E04B2005/322—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with permanent forms for the floor edges
Definitions
- the invention relates to a thermal breaker in the field of building construction.
- the invention also relates to a building comprising the breaker as well as to a method of manufacturing the breaker and to a construction method of the building.
- the insulation of a building can be made on the inside of the walls of the building or on the outside.
- insulating panels are placed against the walls, from the floor to the ceiling of a floor.
- DE 3422905 discloses a thermal breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention proposes a thermal breaker according to claim 1.
- the reinforcements are made of steel.
- the frames are made of stainless steel.
- the block comprises several surfaces, the ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete layer covering a surface of the insulating block.
- the block comprises several surfaces, the layer covering two contiguous surfaces of the block.
- the breaker further comprises a fire protection barrier, the barrier being on one side of the layer opposite to that in contact with the insulating block.
- the insulating block is made of expanded polystyrene.
- the breaker being a module.
- the layer has a thickness of between 5 and 40 mm.
- the layer comprises ribs projecting from the face of the layer in contact with the block, the reinforcements being embedded in the ribs.
- the breaker is continuous between the slab and the wall, along the edge of the slab.
- the slab is retained on the wall by the armatures of the breaker.
- the armatures of the breaker are in a lower half of the slab.
- the breaker further comprises an Inner Thermal Insulation, comprising a doubling complex comprising at least one plasterboard.
- a gap is between the block and a channel wall, the ultra high performance fiber concrete being poured into the space as well as the block.
- the invention relates to a thermal breaker comprising a thermal insulating block and an ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete layer integral with the block.
- the breaker also includes reinforcements embedded in the ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete layer, the reinforcements being protruding from the layer on either side of the block.
- the figure 1 shows the switch 10 according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the breaker 10 comprises a thermal insulation block 12 and a layer 14 of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete.
- the breaker 10 also comprises reinforcements 16 embedded in the layer 14; the frames 16 are protruding on both sides of the layer.
- the switch 10 may be an internal or external thermal insulation element; the switch 10 is positioned in particular at the junction of a slab and a face of a wall, as will be described more in connection with the figure 2 .
- the thermal breaker promotes the reduction of the thermal bridge between the slab and the wall.
- the breaker 10 reduces the passage of calories through the slab and the wall.
- the layer 14 is made of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (abbreviated as UHPC).
- UHPC ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete
- the layer 14 is for example 5 to 40 mm thick, which allows to embed the frames 16 while being thin enough to limit the thermal bridge between the slab and the wall through the switch 10.
- the layer 14 is 7 mm thick. This allows to embed the frames and arrange them closest to the lower surface of the slab.
- Ultra-high performance fibered concretes are concretes having a cement matrix containing fibers. It is referred to the document entitled "Ultra High Performance Fiber Concretes” of the Technical Service for Roads and Highways (Setra) and the French Association of Civil Engineering (AFGC). The resistance of these concretes to compression is generally greater than 150 MPa, or even 250 MPa.
- the fibers are metallic, organic, or a mixture.
- the binder dosage is high (the E / C ratio is low, generally the E / C ratio is at most about 0.3).
- the fibers have characteristics of length and diameter such that they effectively confer the mechanical characteristics. Their quantity is generally low, for example between 1 and 8% by volume.
- matrix examples include BPR, reactive powder concretes, while the examples of UHPC are BSI concrete from Eiffage, Ductal® from Lafarge, Cimax® from Italcementi and BCV from Vicat.
- a thermal treatment can be implemented on these concretes.
- the heat treatment comprises, after the hydraulic setting, heating at a temperature of 90 ° C or more for several hours, typically 90 ° C for 48 hours.
- block 12 allows thermal insulation; the material used is, for example, expanded polystyrene.
- the block 12 is secured to the layer 14 of UHPC.
- the layer 14 of BFUP engages with the insulating block 12 which makes it possible to make the layer 14 and the block 12 integral.
- the layer 14 and the block 12 are integral so as to be transported together.
- the block is secured reversibly or not to the layer; the block is fixed or only juxtaposed to the layer.
- the block 12 comprises several surfaces, the layer 14 being integral with a surface of the block 12. Thus, a composite with two layers is obtained.
- the block 12 is preferably a substantially regular parallelepiped, which allows to insert the breaker 10 between a bank of the slab and the wall (the edge of the slab is the face of the slab facing the wall).
- the breaker 10 can be sized to appear as the extension of the slab to the wall.
- the block 12 is the width of the layer 14; the breaker then has a regular cross section, which simplifies the insertion between the edge of the slab and the wall.
- the width of the breaker in cross section, corresponding to the distance between the edge of the slab and the wall is 4 to 10 cm.
- the armatures 16 are protruding on both sides of the switch 10; when the switch 10 is in place, the frames 16 are engaged with the wall on the one hand and the slab 20 on the other hand.
- the frames are embedded in the UHPC; the reinforcements are wrapped by concrete or are located flush with the surface of the concrete layer.
- the frames 16 may be stainless steel, which protects against oxidation. However, when the frames 16 are embedded so that they are enveloped by the concrete, the frames 16 are protected against moisture and oxidation; thus, a conventional steel can be used for the frames 16 which makes the manufacture of the switch 10 less expensive.
- the layer 14 of UHPC is of the width (in cross section) of the breaker; the reinforcements 16 are thus maintained in the layer 14 of UHPCF over the entire width of the breaker 10, from the edge of the slab to the wall. This allows a good maintenance of the armatures at the breaker.
- the breaker 10 is a module; the breaker 10 may be manufactured at a site different from the site where the breaker 10 is intended to be installed.
- the block 12 and the layer 14 of UHPCF being secured, it is possible to transport the switch 10 to the site where the switch 10 is intended to be installed.
- the switch 10 can be delivered to the desired size and then installed at the appropriate time.
- the switch 10 can be handled independently.
- the breaker 10 can also be delivered to a larger size and then trimmed to match its location.
- the size of the breaker 10 is determined according to the thermal insulation to ensure.
- the dimension of the breaker 10 between the edge of the slab and the wall may be 4 to 10 cm.
- the figure 2 shows the switch 10 in position in a building.
- a vertical wall 18 on which comes to bear the bank 30 of a floor slab 20; the breaker 10 is inserted between the slab 20 and the wall 18.
- the slab 20 is on the inner side of the wall 18. It is therefore seen that the thermal bridge likely to occur between the slab 20 and the wall 18 is limited, the bridge being influenced by the single layer 14 of UHPC.
- the figure 2 also shows two other thermal insulation blocks 22 and 24 which correspond to the realization of the insulation on the inside of the building, on either side of the slab 20; the breaker 10 ensures the continuity of the building insulation between the slab 20 and the wall 18 while ensuring the lift of the slab 20. The insulation is no longer disturbed by a junction of structure such as that of the slab and the wall.
- the slab 20 is fixed to the wall by means of the reinforcements 16 of the breaker 10.
- the breaker 10 thus makes it possible not only to reduce the thermal bridge but in addition to fixing the slab 20.
- the part of the reinforcements 16 located in the slab 20 and the wall 18 can be of different shapes, as can be seen on the figure 2 .
- the frames 16 may be straight as is the case of the part of the frames 16 in the slab 20. This allows the slab 20 to be maintained over a large length.
- the frames 16 may be curved, as is the case of the part of the frames 16 in the wall.
- the frames 16 are curved in the manner of possible hook, which ensures a good anchoring of the frame in the wall; moreover the hook frames allow anchoring to a wall, while the latter is of small section relative to the slab 20.
- the switch 10 is preferably positioned so that the layer 14 of UHPCF is located under the block 12 insulation; this makes it possible to place the reinforcements 16 in the lower half of the slab 20 so that the latter is better maintained by the reinforcements 16.
- the layer 14 of BFUP being thin, this ensures the positioning of the frames 16 very closely the lower surface of the slab 20, which promotes its maintenance.
- the breaker 10 is preferably continuous between the slab 20 and the wall. On the figure 2 , the breaker 10 is continuous in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figure. The breaker is continuous along the edge 30 of the slab. Thus, only the breaker 10 provides the connection between the slab 20 and the wall 18; the bank 30 of the slab 20 is not extended to the wall which on the one hand facilitates the construction of the slab 20 and on the other hand prevents the creation of a thermal bridge by contact with the concrete of the slab 20 with the wall concrete 18.
- the breaker 10 may also include a thermal barrier 26.
- the thermal barrier 26 is fire protection.
- the barrier 26 is located on one side of the layer 14 of BFUP which is not in contact with the insulating block 12.
- Barrier 26 is placed under the switch 10.
- the barrier 26 is placed between the breaker 10 and the insulating block 22. If a fire broke out in the building, the insulating block 22 would be quickly destroyed but the barrier 26 would protect the armatures of the breaker 10 against fire.
- the barrier 26 also reduces the thickness of the layer 14 of UHPC; indeed the presence of the barrier 26 does not require to maintain the frames 16 as far as possible from the underside of the switch 10 to protect them from the fire which would require a layer 14 thicker UHPC. With the barrier 26, the frames 16 may be lower in the breaker 10, which reduces the thickness of the layer 14 of UHPC.
- the figure 2 shows an improvement that can be made to the breaker 10 of the figure 1 , also represented on the figure 3 .
- the breaker 10 covers two contiguous faces of the block 12.
- a vertical layer 16 of UHPCF is in contact with the face of the slab 20 facing the wall 18;
- a horizontal layer 14 of UHPCF is from the slab 20 to the wall 18, in which the reinforcements are embedded.
- the stresses of the slab 20 are taken up by the vertical layer 15 of UHPC and are transmitted into the wall via the horizontal layer 14. of UHPC. More precisely, the two layers 14 and 15 of UHPC form an "L".
- the insulating block 12 is located in the "L" to form a parallelepiped.
- the figure 2 showing the breaker 10 in "L” also shows a member for a better fixing of the slab 20 to the breaker 10 and thus to the wall.
- This member may be a hook 28 integral with the breaker 10, in particular the vertical layer 15 of the breaker 10.
- the hook 28 is engaged with the slab 20 which completes the fixing of the slab 20 to the breaker 10 and therefore d improve the fixing of the slab 20.
- the layer 14 of UHPC in which the reinforcements 16 are embedded comprises ribs 42 projecting from the face of the layer 14 in contact with the block 12, the reinforcements 16 being embedded in the ribs.
- the thickness of the layer 14 of BFUP is only increased locally; this prevents between the reinforcements 16, the layer 14 is unnecessarily thicker, and therefore it makes the thermal bridge more important.
- the insulating block 12 is covered on three of its faces, the layers of UHPC having in section a "U” shape with the block 12 in the "U".
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the breaker 10.
- This method shows that the manufacture of the breaker 10 is simple; in particular, this method does not require a mold having a particular shape.
- the Figures 5 and 6 show the manufacture of the breaker 10.
- the thermal insulation block 12 is sandwiched between two walls 34 and 35 so as to constitute a channel 32 of the width of the block 12; block 12 is at the bottom of channel 32.
- the UHPC is then cast in the channel 32 so as to constitute the layer 14 of UHPC on one side of the block 12.
- the reinforcements 16 are positioned in the layer 14 of UHPCF so as to be kept embedded in the layer 14 and to be protruding from on both sides of the channel 32.
- the walls 34 and 35 are removed after taking the UHPC, the layer 14 of UHPC being made integral with the block 12. This process corresponds to the manufacture of the breaker 10 of the figure 1 .
- the insulating block 12 is sandwiched between two walls 34, 35 so as to constitute again the channel 32, but the width of the channel 32 is greater than the width of the block 12, in a cross section of the breaker 10.
- a space 33 is left between the wall 34 and the block 12, all along the block 12.
- the UHPC is then poured into the space 33 between the channel 32 and the block 12 so as to form the vertical layer of the breaker 10 according to one face block 12; then the UHPC is cast on the block 12 so as to constitute the horizontal layer 14 of the breaker 10.
- the frames 16 are positioned in the layer 14 of horizontal BFUP so as to be kept embedded in the layer 14 and to be projecting on both sides. the other of the channel 32.
- the walls 34, 35 are removed after taking the UHPF, the UHPC being made integral with the block 12.
- notches are carved in a surface of the block 12, so as to make irregular the surface of the block 12; the UHPC is cast on said irregular surface of the block 12, the reinforcements 16 being positioned in the UHPC in the bays of the surface provided with irregular notches of the block.
- the manufacturing method is therefore simple, in particular because it does not require keeping the block 12 in suspension while the UHPC is poured; the block 12 is placed at the bottom of the channel 32.
- the method is as simple as it does not require a mold having a particular shape.
- the manufacturing process of the switch 10 being simple, it is conceivable that the switch 10 can be manufactured on site.
- the invention also relates to a method of constructing a building. This process is visible on the figure 7 .
- the method has the advantage of not disturbing the traditional modes of building construction, which also avoids changes in implementation time.
- the building comprises a wall 18 to which a slab 20 is attached.
- the method firstly comprises the erection of a first wall portion 18 to the level where the slab 20 is to be placed.
- the height of this first wall portion 181 may correspond to the height of a floor. It can be seen that the top of the first wall portion 181 is in the form of a concreting stop 40; this allows a better connection with the second part 182 of the upper wall to come.
- a support 38 is positioned against the wall portion 181, the breaker 10 being positioned on the support 38.
- the armatures 16 of the breaker 10 extend on one side of the breaker, for example rectilinearly above the support 38, and on the other side of the breaker, above the portion 181 of the wall, the armature then being in the form of a hook of the latter side. Then the slab 20 is cast, engaging with the 16 rectilinear frames. The second part 182 of the wall is then cast over the portion 181 of the already existing wall, engaging the frames 16 in the form of a hook. However, the slab 20 may be cast after the second portion 182 of the wall.
- the present method has the advantage of avoiding to maintain the block 12 during the casting of the slab 20.
- the switch 10 is positioned as a module and the slab 20 and the wall are cast while the block 12 is correctly held in position by the switch 10.
- the breaker 10 and the construction method of the building can be implemented both inside and outside the building, to ensure a junction between a wall and a slab such as a balcony, a floor, cornices ...
- the figure 8 shows a junction between the wall 18 and the slab 20 constituting a balcony.
- the slab 20 is then cantilevered. It can be seen that the switch 10 has an inverted position with respect to that of the figure 2 ; the reinforcements 16 are in the upper half of the slab 20.
- the switch 10 is positioned in such a way that the layer 14 is on the block 12.
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention se rapporte à un rupteur thermique dans le domaine de la construction de bâtiments. L'invention se rapporte aussi à un bâtiment comportant le rupteur ainsi qu'à un procédé de fabrication du rupteur et à un procédé de construction du bâtiment.The invention relates to a thermal breaker in the field of building construction. The invention also relates to a building comprising the breaker as well as to a method of manufacturing the breaker and to a construction method of the building.
L'isolation d'un bâtiment peut être réalisée sur la face intérieure des murs du bâtiment ou sur la face externe. Lorsque l'isolation est réalisée sur la face interne, des panneaux isolants sont posés contre les murs, du plancher au plafond d'un étage. Mais il se pose le problème de la réalisation de l'isolation à la jonction entre le mur et une dalle formant plancher ou plafond. En effet, s'il n'y a pas d'isolant entre la dalle et le mur tous deux en béton, il se produit un pont thermique ; les calories fuient par exemple de l'intérieur du bâtiment vers l'extérieur au travers de la dalle et du mur. L'isolation thermique du bâtiment est alors défectueuse.The insulation of a building can be made on the inside of the walls of the building or on the outside. When the insulation is made on the inside, insulating panels are placed against the walls, from the floor to the ceiling of a floor. But there is the problem of the realization of insulation at the junction between the wall and a floor slab or ceiling. Indeed, if there is no insulation between the slab and the wall both made of concrete, there is a thermal bridge; for example, the calories leak from inside the building to the outside through the slab and the wall. The thermal insulation of the building is then defective.
Il y a un besoin pour une isolation thermique de bâtiment qui soit plus efficace.There is a need for building thermal insulation that is more efficient.
Pour cela l'invention propose un rupteur thermique selon la revendication 1.For this, the invention proposes a thermal breaker according to claim 1.
Selon une variante, les armatures sont en acier.According to a variant, the reinforcements are made of steel.
Selon une variante, les armatures sont en acier inoxydable.According to a variant, the frames are made of stainless steel.
Selon une variante, le bloc comprend plusieurs surfaces, la couche de béton fibré à ultra-hautes performances recouvrant une surface du bloc isolant.According to one variant, the block comprises several surfaces, the ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete layer covering a surface of the insulating block.
Selon une variante, le bloc comprend plusieurs surfaces, la couche recouvrant deux surfaces contiguës du bloc.According to one variant, the block comprises several surfaces, the layer covering two contiguous surfaces of the block.
Selon une variante, le rupteur comprend en outre une barrière de protection contre le feu, la barrière étant sur une face de la couche opposée à celle en contact du bloc isolant.According to one variant, the breaker further comprises a fire protection barrier, the barrier being on one side of the layer opposite to that in contact with the insulating block.
Selon une variante, le bloc isolant est en polystyrène expansé.According to one variant, the insulating block is made of expanded polystyrene.
Selon une variante, le rupteur étant un module.According to one variant, the breaker being a module.
Selon une variante, la couche a une épaisseur comprise entre 5 et 40 mm.According to one variant, the layer has a thickness of between 5 and 40 mm.
Selon une variante, la couche comprend des nervures en saillie de la face de la couche en contact du bloc, les armatures étant noyées dans les nervures.According to one variant, the layer comprises ribs projecting from the face of the layer in contact with the block, the reinforcements being embedded in the ribs.
L'invention se rapporte aussi à un bâtiment comprenant
- le rupteur tel que décrit précédemment,
- un mur,
- une dalle reliée au mur par le rupteur.
- the breaker as described above,
- a wall,
- a slab connected to the wall by the breaker.
Selon une variante, le rupteur est continu entre la dalle et le mur, le long de la rive de la dalle.According to one variant, the breaker is continuous between the slab and the wall, along the edge of the slab.
Selon une variante, la dalle est retenue au mur par les armatures du rupteur.According to one variant, the slab is retained on the wall by the armatures of the breaker.
Selon une variante, les armatures du rupteur sont dans une moitié inférieure de la dalle.According to one variant, the armatures of the breaker are in a lower half of the slab.
Selon une variante, le rupteur comprend en outre une Isolation Thermique Intérieure, comprenant un complexe de doublage comprenant au moins une plaque de plâtre.According to one variant, the breaker further comprises an Inner Thermal Insulation, comprising a doubling complex comprising at least one plasterboard.
L'invention se rapporte aussi à un procédé de fabrication du rupteur tel que décrit précédemment, comprenant les étapes de
- coffrage du bloc isolant dans un canal,
- coulée d'une couche de béton fibré à ultra-hautes performances sur une face du bloc,
- positionnement des armatures dans la couche de béton fibré à ultra-hautes performances.
- shuttering of the insulating block in a channel,
- casting an ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete layer on one side of the block,
- reinforcement positioning in the ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete layer.
Selon une variante, un espace est entre le bloc et une paroi du canal, le béton fibré à ultra-hautes performances étant coulé dans l'espace ainsi que sur le bloc.Alternatively, a gap is between the block and a channel wall, the ultra high performance fiber concrete being poured into the space as well as the block.
L'invention se rapporte aussi à un procédé de fabrication d'un bâtiment, comprenant les étapes de
- coulée d'un mur,
- positionnement du rupteur tel que décrit précédemment, les armatures en saillie d'un côté du rupteur étant positionnées sur le mur,
- coulée de la dalle, les armatures en saillie de l'autre côté du rupteur étant en prise avec la dalle.
- casting a wall,
- positioning of the switch as described above, the armatures projecting from one side of the switch being positioned on the wall,
- casting of the slab, the reinforcements protruding from the other side of the breaker being in engagement with the slab.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit des modes de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemple uniquement et en référence aux dessins qui montrent :
-
figure 1 , un mode de réalisation du rupteur thermique ; -
figures 2 et8 , le rupteur thermique en position dans un bâtiment ; -
figures 3 et 4 , des améliorations du rupteur thermique ; -
figures 5 et 6 , un procédé de fabrication du rupteur ; -
figure 7 , un procédé de construction d'un bâtiment.
-
figure 1 an embodiment of the thermal breaker; -
figures 2 and8 , the thermal breaker in position in a building; -
Figures 3 and 4 , improvements of the thermal breaker; -
Figures 5 and 6 a method of manufacturing the switch; -
figure 7 , a method of building a building.
L'invention se rapporte à un rupteur thermique comprenant un bloc isolant thermique et une couche de béton fibré à ultra-hautes performances solidaire du bloc. Le rupteur comporte aussi des armatures noyées dans la couche de béton fibré à ultra-hautes performances, les armatures étant saillantes de la couche de part et d'autre du bloc. L'avantage est que le pont thermique est réduit à la couche de béton ce qui diminue le pont thermique ; par ailleurs le rupteur est simple à positionner.The invention relates to a thermal breaker comprising a thermal insulating block and an ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete layer integral with the block. The breaker also includes reinforcements embedded in the ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete layer, the reinforcements being protruding from the layer on either side of the block. The advantage is that the thermal bridge is reduced to the concrete layer which decreases the thermal bridge; Moreover, the breaker is simple to position.
La
La couche 14 est faite en béton fibré à ultra-hautes performances (en abrégé BFUP). La couche 14 est par exemple de 5 à 40 mm d'épaisseur, ce qui permet de noyer les armatures 16 tout en étant suffisamment mince pour limiter le pont thermique entre la dalle et le mur au travers du rupteur 10. De préférence, la couche 14 est de 7 mm d'épaisseur. Ceci permet de noyer les armatures et de les disposer le plus près de la surface inférieure de la dalle.The
Les bétons fibrés à ultra-hautes performances sont des bétons ayant une matrice cimentaire contenant des fibres. Il est renvoyé au document intitulé « Bétons fibrés à ultra-hautes performance » du Service d'études techniques des routes et autoroutes (Setra) et de l'Association Française de Génie Civil (AFGC). La résistance de ces bétons à la compression est en général supérieure à 150 MPa, voire même 250 MPa. Les fibres sont métalliques, organiques, ou un mélange. Le dosage en liant est élevé (le ratio E/C est faible; en général le ratio E/C est d'au plus environ 0.3).Ultra-high performance fibered concretes are concretes having a cement matrix containing fibers. It is referred to the document entitled "Ultra High Performance Fiber Concretes" of the Technical Service for Roads and Highways (Setra) and the French Association of Civil Engineering (AFGC). The resistance of these concretes to compression is generally greater than 150 MPa, or even 250 MPa. The fibers are metallic, organic, or a mixture. The binder dosage is high (the E / C ratio is low, generally the E / C ratio is at most about 0.3).
La matrice cimentaire comprend en général du ciment (Portland), un élément à réaction pouzzolanique (notamment fumée de silice) et un sable fin. Les dimensions respectives sont des intervalles choisis, selon la nature et les quantités respectives. Par exemple, la matrice cimentaire peut comprendre:
- du ciment Portland
- du sable fin
- un élément de type fumée de silice
- éventuellement de la farine de quartz
- les quantités étant variables et les dimensions des différents éléments étant choisis entre la gamme micronique ou submicronique et le millimètre, avec une dimension maximale n'excédant pas en général 5 mm.
- un superplastifiant étant ajouté en général avec l'eau de gâchage.
- Portland cement
- fine sand
- a silica fume type element
- possibly quartz flour
- the quantities being variable and the dimensions of the various elements being chosen between the micron or submicron range and the millimeter, with a maximum dimension generally not exceeding 5 mm.
- a superplasticizer being added in general with the mixing water.
A titre d'exemple de matrice cimentaire, on peut citer celles décrites dans les demandes de brevet
Les fibres ont des caractéristiques de longueur et de diamètre telles qu'elles confèrent effectivement les caractéristiques mécaniques. Leur quantité est généralement faible, par exemple entre 1 et 8% en volume.The fibers have characteristics of length and diameter such that they effectively confer the mechanical characteristics. Their quantity is generally low, for example between 1 and 8% by volume.
Des exemples de matrice sont les BPR, Bétons à Poudre Réactive, tandis que les exemples de BFUP sont les bétons BSI de Eiffage, Ductal® de Lafarge, Cimax® de Italcementi et BCV de Vicat.Examples of matrix are BPR, reactive powder concretes, while the examples of UHPC are BSI concrete from Eiffage, Ductal® from Lafarge, Cimax® from Italcementi and BCV from Vicat.
Des exemples spécifiques sont les bétons suivants:
- 1) ceux résultant des mélanges de
- a - un ciment Portland choisi dans le groupe constitué par les ciments Portland ordinaires dits "CPA", les ciments Portland à haute performance dits "CPA-HP", les ciments Portland à haute performance et à prise rapide dits "CPA-HPR" et les ciments Portland à faible teneur en aluminate tricalcique (C3A), de type normal ou à haute performance et à prise rapide;
- b - une microsilice vitreuse dont les grains ont en majeure partie un diamètre compris dans la gamme 100 A-0,5 micron, obtenue comme sous-produit dans l'industrie du zirconium, la proportion de cette silice étant de 10 à 30 % en poids du poids du ciment;
- c - un agent super plastifiant réducteur d'eu et/ou un agent fluidifiant en proportion globale de 0,3 % à 3 % (poids de l'extrait sec par rapport au poids de ciment);
- d - un sable de carrière constitué de grains de quartz qui ont en majeure partie un diamètre compris dans la gamme 0,08 mm - 1,0 mm;
- e - éventuellement d'autres adjuvants.
- 2) ceux résultant du mélange de:
- a - un ciment d'une granulométrie correspondant à un diamètre harmonique moyen ou égal à 7 µm, de préférence compris entre 3 et 7 µm;
- b - un mélange de sables de bauxites calcinées de différentes granulométries, le sable le plus fin ayant une granulométrie moyenne inférieure à 1mm et le sable le plus grossier ayant une granulométrie moyenne inférieure à 10 mm;
- c - de la fumée de silice
dont 40% des particules ont une dimension inférieure à 1 µm, le diamètre harmonique moyen étant voisin de 0,2 µm, et de préférence de 0,1 µm; - d - un agent anti-mousse;
- e - un superplastifiant réducteur d'eau;
- f - éventuellement des fibres;
- et de l'eau;
- 3) ceux résultant du mélange de:
- a - un ciment Portland;
- b - éléments granulaires;
- c - éléments fins à réaction pouzzolanique;
- d - fibres métalliques;
- e - agent dispersant;
- et de l'eau;
- 4) ceux résultant du mélange de:
- a - 100 p. de ciment Portland;
- b - 30 à 100 p., ou mieux 40 à 70 p., de sable fin ayant une grosseur de grains d'au moins 150 micromètres;
- c - 10 à 40 p. ou mieux 20 à 30 p. de silice amorphe ayant une grosseur de grains Inférieure à 0.5 micromètres;
- d - 20 à 60 p. ou mieux 30 à 50 p., de quartz broyé ayant une grosseur de grains inférieure à 10 micromètres;
- e - 25 à 100 p., ou mieux 45 à 80 p. de laine d'acier;
- f - un fluidifiant,
- g - 13 à 26 p., ou mieux 15 à 22 p., d'eau.
- 5) ceux résultant du mélange de:
- a - du ciment ;
- b - des éléments granulaires ayant une grosseur de grain maximale Dmax d'au plus 2 mm, de préférence d'au plus 1 mm ;
- c - des éléments à réaction pouzzolanique ayant une taille de particules élémentaires d'au plus 1 µm, de préférence d'au plus 0,5 µm;
- d - des constituants capables d'améliorer la ténacité de la matrice choisis parmi desélements aciculaires ou plaquettaires ayant une taille moyenne d'au plus 1 mm, et présents dans une proportion volumique comprise entre 2,5 et 35% du volume cumulé des éléments granulaires (b) et des éléments à réaction pouzzolanique (c);
- e - au moins un agent dispersant et répondant aux conditions suivantes:
- (1) le pourcentage en poids de l'eau E par rapport au poids cumulé du ciment (a) et des éléments (c) est compris dans la gamme 8-24 %; (2) les fibres présentent une longueur individuelle L d'au moins 2 mm et un rapport L/phi, phi étant le diamètre des fibres, d'au moins 20; (3) le rapport R entre la longueur moyenne L des fibres et la grosseur de grain maximale Dmax des éléments granulaires est d'au moins 10; (4) la quantité de fibres est telle que leur volume est inférieur à 4% et de préférence à 3,5% du volume du béton après la prise.
- 6) ceux résultant du mélange de:
- a - du ciment;
- b - des éléments granulaires;
- c - des éléments à réaction pouzzolanique ayant une taille de particules élémentaires d'au plus 1 µm, de préférence d'au plus 0,5 µm;
- d - des constituants capables d'améliorer la ténacité de la matrice choisis parmi des éléments aciculaires ou plaquettaires ayant une taille moyenne d'au plus 1 mm, et présents dans une proportion volumique comprise entre 2,5 et 35% du volume cumulé des éléments granulaires (b) et des éléments à réaction pouzzolanique (c);
- e - au moins un agent dispersant;
- 7) ceux résultant du mélange de:
- a - du ciment;
- b - des éléments granulaires ayant une grosseur de grain maximale D d'au plus 2 mm, de préférence d'au plus 1 mm;
- c - des éléments fins à réaction pouzzolanique ayant une taille de particule élémentaire d'au plus 20 µm, de préférence d'au plus 1 µm;
- d - au moins un agent dispersant;
- 8) ceux résultant du mélange de:
- a - du ciment;
- b - des éléments granulaires;
- c - des éléments à réaction pouzzolanique ayant une taille de particules élémentaires d'au plus 1 µm, de préférence d'au plus 0,5 µm;
- d - au moins un agent dispersant;
- et répondant aux conditions suivantes: 1) le pourcentage en poids de l'eau E par rapport au poids cumulé C du ciment (a) et des éléments (c) est compris dans la gamme 8-24%; (2) les fibres présentent une longueur individuelle L d'au moins 2 mm et un rapport L/phi, phi étant le diamètre des fibres, d'au moins 20; (3) le rapport R entre la longueur moyenne L des fibres et la taille de grain D75 de l'ensemble des constituants (a), (b) et (c) est d'au moins 5, de préférence d'au moins 10; (4) la quantité de fibres est telle que leur volume est au plus de 8% du volume du béton après la prise; (5) l'ensemble des constituants (a), (b) et (c) présente une taille de grain D75 d'au plus 2mm, de préférence, d'au plus 1 mm, et une taille de grain D50 d'au plus 150 µm, de préférence d'au plus 100 µm.
- 9) ceux résultant du mélange de:
- a - au moins un liant hydraulique du groupe constitué par les ciments Portland classe G (API), les ciments Portland classe H (API) et les autres liants hydrauliques à faible teneur en aluminates,
- b - une microsilice de granulométrie comprise dans la gamme 0,1 à 50 micromètres, à raison de 20 à 35% en poids par rapport au liant hydraulique,
- c - un ajout de particules moyennes, minéral et/ou organique, de granulométrie comprise dans la gamme 0,5-200 micromètres à raison de 20 à 35% en poids par rapport au liant hydraulique, la quantité dudit ajout de particules moyennes étant inférieure ou égale à la quantité de microsilice, -un agent superplastifiant et/ou fluidifiant hydrosoluble en proportion comprise entre 1 % et 3% en poids par rapport au liant hydraulique, et
- 10) ceux résultant du mélange de:
- a - du ciment;
- b - des éléments granulaires ayant une taille de grain Dg d'au plus 10 mm;
- c - des éléments à réaction pouzzolanique ayant une taille de particules élémentaires comprise entre 0,1 et 100 µm;
- d - au moins un agent dispersant;
- e - des fibres métalliques et organiques;
- 1) those resulting from mixtures of
- a Portland cement selected from the group consisting of ordinary Portland cement known as "CPA", high-performance Portland cement known as "CPA-HP", Portland cement with high performance and quick setting known as "CPA-HPR" and Portland cements with low content of tricalcium aluminate (C3A), normal type or high performance and quick setting;
- b - a vitreous microsilica whose grains have for the most part a diameter in the range 100 A -0.5 micron, obtained as a by-product in the zirconium industry, the proportion of this silica being from 10 to 30% by weight; weight of the cement;
- c - a super reducing plasticizer agent and / or a fluidizing agent in an overall proportion of 0.3% to 3% (weight of dry extract relative to the weight of cement);
- d - a quarry sand consisting of quartz grains, most of which has a diameter in the range 0.08 mm - 1.0 mm;
- e - possibly other adjuvants.
- 2) those resulting from the mixture of:
- a cement having a particle size corresponding to a mean harmonic diameter or equal to 7 μm, preferably between 3 and 7 μm;
- b - a mixture of sands of calcined bauxites of different particle sizes, the finest sand having a mean particle size of less than 1 mm and the coarser sand having a mean particle size of less than 10 mm;
- c - silica fume of which 40% of the particles have a dimension of less than 1 μm, the average harmonic diameter being close to 0.2 μm, and preferably 0.1 μm;
- d - an anti-foam agent;
- e - a superplasticizer reducing water;
- f - possibly fibers;
- and water;
- 3) those resulting from the mixture of:
- a - Portland cement;
- b - granular elements;
- c - fine elements with pozzolanic reaction;
- d - metal fibers;
- e - dispersing agent;
- and water;
- 4) those resulting from the mixture of:
- a - 100 p. Portland cement;
- b - 30 to 100 p., or better 40 to 70 p., fine sand having a grain size of at least 150 micrometers;
- c - 10 to 40 p. or better 20 to 30 p. amorphous silica having a grain size of less than 0.5 micrometers;
- d - 20 to 60 p. or better 30 to 50 percent of ground quartz having a grain size less than 10 microns;
- e - 25 to 100 p., or better 45 to 80 p. steel wool;
- f - a fluidifier,
- g - 13 to 26 p., or better 15 to 22 p., of water.
- 5) those resulting from the mixture of:
- a - cement;
- b - granular elements having a maximum grain size Dmax of at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm;
- c - pozzolanic reaction elements having a size of elementary particles of at most 1 micron, preferably at most 0.5 microns;
- d - constituents capable of improving the tenacity of the matrix chosen from acicular or platelet elements having an average size of at most 1 mm, and present in a volume proportion of between 2.5 and 35% of the cumulative volume of the granular elements (b) and pozzolanic reaction elements (c);
- e - at least one dispersing agent and satisfying the following conditions:
- (1) the weight percentage of water E relative to the cumulative weight of cement (a) and elements (c) is in the range 8-24%; (2) the fibers have an individual length L of at least 2 mm and an L / phi ratio, phi being the diameter of the fibers, of at least 20; (3) the ratio R between the average length L of the fibers and the maximum grain size Dmax of the granular elements is at least 10; (4) the amount of fiber is such that its volume is less than 4% and preferably 3.5% of the volume of the concrete after setting.
- 6) those resulting from the mixture of:
- a - cement;
- b - granular elements;
- c - pozzolanic reaction elements having a size of elementary particles of at most 1 micron, preferably at most 0.5 microns;
- d - constituents capable of improving the toughness of the matrix chosen from acicular or platelet elements having an average size of at most 1 mm, and present in a volume proportion of between 2.5 and 35% of the cumulative volume of the elements granular (b) and pozzolanic reaction elements (c);
- e - at least one dispersing agent;
- 7) those resulting from the mixture of:
- a - cement;
- b - granular elements having a maximum grain size D of at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm;
- c - pozzolanic reaction fine elements having an elementary particle size of at most 20 μm, preferably at most 1 μm;
- d - at least one dispersing agent;
- 8) those resulting from the mixture of:
- a - cement;
- b - granular elements;
- c - pozzolanic reaction elements having a size of elementary particles of at most 1 micron, preferably at most 0.5 microns;
- d - at least one dispersing agent;
- and satisfying the following conditions: 1) the weight percentage of water E relative to the cumulative weight C of cement (a) and elements (c) is in the range 8-24%; (2) the fibers have an individual length L of at least 2 mm and an L / phi ratio, phi being the diameter of the fibers, of at least 20; (3) the ratio R between the average length L of the fibers and the grain size D75 of all of the components (a), (b) and (c) is at least 5, preferably at least 10 ; (4) the amount of fiber is such that its volume is not more than 8% of the volume of the concrete after setting; (5) all the components (a), (b) and (c) have a grain size D75 of at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm, and a grain size D50 of at least plus 150 μm, preferably not more than 100 μm.
- 9) those resulting from the mixture of:
- a - at least one hydraulic binder of the group consisting of Class G Portland cements (API), Portland Class H cements (API) and other low aluminate hydraulic binders,
- b - a microsilica of particle size in the range 0.1 to 50 micrometers, at a rate of 20 to 35% by weight relative to the hydraulic binder,
- c - an addition of medium particles, mineral and / or organic particle size in the range 0.5-200 micrometers at a rate of 20 to 35% by weight relative to the hydraulic binder, the amount of said addition of average particles being less than or equal to the amount of microsilica, a superplasticizing and / or water-soluble fluidifying agent in a proportion of between 1% and 3% by weight relative to the hydraulic binder, and
- 10) those resulting from the mixture of:
- a - cement;
- b - granular elements having a grain size Dg of at most 10 mm;
- c - pozzolanic reaction elements having an elementary particle size of between 0.1 and 100 μm;
- d - at least one dispersing agent;
- e - metal and organic fibers;
Une cure thermique peut être mise en oeuvre sur ces bétons. Par exemple, la cure thermique comprend, après la prise hydraulique, le chauffage à une température de 90°C ou plus pendant plusieurs heures, typiquement 90°C pendant 48hres.A thermal treatment can be implemented on these concretes. For example, the heat treatment comprises, after the hydraulic setting, heating at a temperature of 90 ° C or more for several hours, typically 90 ° C for 48 hours.
De retour à la
Les armatures 16 sont saillantes de part et d'autre du rupteur 10 ; lorsque le rupteur 10 est en place, les armatures 16 sont en prises avec d'une part le mur et d'autre part la dalle 20. Les armatures sont noyées dans le BFUP ; les armatures sont enveloppées par le béton ou sont situées à fleur de la surface de la couche de béton. Les armatures 16 peuvent être en acier inoxydable, ce qui permet de les protéger contre l'oxydation. Toutefois, lorsque les armatures 16 sont noyées de telle sorte qu'elles sont enveloppées par le béton, les armatures 16 sont protégées contre l'humidité et l'oxydation ; ainsi, on peut utiliser un acier classique pour les armatures 16 ce qui rend la fabrication du rupteur 10 moins onéreuse. De plus, selon la
Le rupteur 10 est un module ; le rupteur 10 peut être fabriqué sur un site différent du chantier où le rupteur 10 est destiné à être installé. Le bloc 12 et la couche 14 de BFUP étant solidaires, il est possible de transporter le rupteur 10 jusqu'au chantier où le rupteur 10 est destiné à être installé. Le rupteur 10 peut être livré à la taille souhaitée puis installé au moment opportun. Le rupteur 10 peut être manipulé de manière indépendante. Le rupteur 10 peut aussi être livré à une taille supérieure, puis être taillé de sorte à correspondre à son emplacement.The
La taille du rupteur 10 est déterminée selon l'isolation thermique à assurer. Par exemple, la dimension du rupteur 10 entre la rive de la dalle et le mur peut être de 4 à 10 cm.The size of the
La
La dalle 20 est fixée au mur par l'intermédiaire des armatures 16 du rupteur 10. Le rupteur 10 permet donc non seulement de réduire le pont thermique mais en plus de fixer la dalle 20. La partie des armatures 16 située dans la dalle 20 et le mur 18 peut être de différentes formes, comme on peut le voir sur la
Le rupteur 10 est positionné de préférence de sorte que la couche 14 de BFUP soit située sous le bloc 12 isolant ; ceci permet de placer les armatures 16 dans la moitié inférieure de la dalle 20 de sorte que cette dernière soit mieux maintenue par les armatures 16. De plus, la couche 14 de BFUP étant fine, ceci assure le positionnement des armatures 16 de manière très proche de la surface inférieure de la dalle 20, ce qui favorise son maintien.The
Le rupteur 10 est de préférence continu entre la dalle 20 et le mur. Sur la
Sur la
La
La
La
On peut encore envisager que le bloc 12 isolant est recouvert selon trois de ses faces, les couches de BFUP présentant en section une forme en « U » avec le bloc 12 dans le « U ».It can further be envisaged that the insulating
L'invention se rapporte aussi à un procédé de fabrication du rupteur 10. Ce procédé montre que la fabrication du rupteur 10 est simple ; en particulier, ce procédé ne nécessite pas de moule présentant une forme particulière. Les
Selon la
Pour fabriquer le rupteur 10 de la
Le procédé de fabrication est donc simple, notamment parce qu'il ne nécessite pas de maintenir le bloc 12 en suspension pendant que le BFUP est coulé ; le bloc 12 est posé au fond du canal 32. Le procédé est aussi simple car il ne nécessite pas de moule présentant une forme particulière. Par ailleurs, le procédé de fabrication du rupteur 10 étant simple, il est envisageable que le rupteur 10 puisse être fabriqué sur place.The manufacturing method is therefore simple, in particular because it does not require keeping the
L'invention se rapporte aussi à un procédé de construction d'un bâtiment. Ce procédé est visible sur la
Contrairement à un procédé visant à réduire la section de la jonction entre la dalle 20 et le mur 18 par l'ajout d'un bloc 12 isolant pour réduire le pont thermique entre la dalle 20 et le mur 18, le présent procédé a l'avantage d'éviter de maintenir le bloc 12 pendant la coulée de la dalle 20. Le rupteur 10 est positionné comme un module et la dalle 20 et le mur sont coulés pendant que le bloc 12 est correctement maintenu en position par le rupteur 10.Unlike a method of reducing the section of the junction between the
Le rupteur 10 et le procédé de construction du bâtiment peuvent être mis en oeuvre tant à l'intérieur qu'à l'extérieur du bâtiment, pour assurer une jonction entre un mur et une dalle telle qu'un balcon, un plancher, des corniches... La
Claims (19)
- A thermal barrier (10) comprising:- a thermal insulating block (12);- a layer (14) of concrete integral with the block (12) and;- reinforcements (16);characterized in that
the concrete of the layer (14) is ultra-high performance fibered concrete the reinforcement (16) are embedded in the layer (14) of ultra-high performance fibered concrete over the entire width of the thermal barrier (10) and the reinforcements (16) project from the ultra-high performance fibered concrete on either side of the layer (14). - The barrier (10) according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcements (16) are of steel.
- The barrier (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reinforcements (16) are of stainless steel.
- The barrier (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the block (12) comprises several surfaces, the layer (14) of ultra-high performance fibered concrete covering one surface of the insulating block (12).
- The barrier (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the block (12) comprises several surfaces, the layer (14) covering two adjacent surfaces of the block (12).
- The barrier (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a barrier (26) of protection against fire, the barrier (26) on one side of the layer (14) opposite the one in contact with the insulating block (12).
- The barrier (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the insulating block (12) is of expanded polystyrene.
- The barrier (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the barrier (10) being a piece of construction.
- The barrier (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the layer (14) has a thickness comprised from 5 to 40 mm.
- The barrier (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the layer (14) comprises ribs (42) protruding from the side of the layer (14) in contact with the block (12), the reinforcements (16) being embedded in the ribs (42).
- The barrier according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the concrete is the result:1) of the mixture ofa - a Portland cement selected from the group consisting of the ordinary Portland cements called "OPC", the high performance Portland cements called "OPC-HP", the high performance and rapid setting cements called "OPC-HPR" and the Portland cements with low levels of tricalcium aluminate (C3A), the normal or the high performance and rapid setting type;b - a vitreous micro silica whose particles, for a major part have a diameter comprised within the range of 100 A-0.5 micron, obtained as a by-product in the zirconium industry, the proportion of this silica being from 10 to 30 weight % of the weight of the cement;c - a superplasticizing water-reducing agent and/or a fluidizing agent in an overall proportion from 0.3% to 3% (weight of the dry extract related to the weight of the cement);d - a quarry sand constituted by particles of quartz that for a major part have a diameter comprised within the range of 0.08 mm-1.0 mm; ande - optional other admixtures;or2) the mixture ofa - a cement with a particle size distribution corresponding to a mean harmonic diameter of 7µm, preferably from 3 to 7µm;b - a mixture of calcined bauxite sands with different particle size distributions, the finest sand having an average particle size distribution lower than 1 mm and the coarsest sand having an average particle size distribution lower than 10 mm;c - silica fumes of which 40% of the particles are lower than 1 pm in size, the mean harmonic diameter being close to 0.2 µm, and preferably to 0.1 µm;d - an anti-foaming agent;e - a water-reducing superplasticizer;f - optionally fibres;and water;
the cements, sands and silica fumes presenting a particle size distribution such that there are at least three and at most five different particle size classes, the ratio between the mean harmonic diameter of one particle size class and the class immediately above being approximately 10;
or3) the mixture ofa - a Portland cement;b - granular elements;c - fine elements with a pozzolanic reaction;d - metallic fibres;e - a dispersing agent;and water;
the preponderant granular elements have a maximum size D at most equal to 800 micrometres, in that the preponderant metallic fibres have an individual length I comprised within the range of 4 mm-20 mm, in that the ratio R between the average length L of the fibres and the aforesaid maximum size D of the granular elements is at least equal to 10 and in that the quantity of preponderant metallic fibres is such that the volume of these fibres is from 1.0% to 4.0% of the volume of the concrete after setting;
or4) the mixture ofa -100 p. of Portland cement;b - 30 to 100 p., or better 40 to 70 p., of fine sand having a particle size of at least 150 micrometres;c - 10 to 40 p., or better 20 to 30 p. of amorphous silica having a particle size lower than 0.5 micrometres;d - 20 to 60 p. or better 30 to 50 p., of ground quartz having a particle size lower than 10 micrometres;e - 25 to 100 p., or better 45 to 80 p. of steel wool;f - a fluidizer, andg - 13 to 26 p., or better 15 to 22 p., of water, a thermal curing being specified;or5) the mixture ofa - cement;b - granular elements having a maximum Dmax particle size of at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm;c - elements with a pozzolanic reaction having a size of elementary particles of at most 1 µm, preferably at most 0.5 µm;d - constituents capable of improving the tenacity of the matrix selected from among the acicular or plate-like elements having an average size of at most 1 mm, and present in a volume proportion comprised from 2.5 to 35% of the cumulated volume of the granular elements (b) and elements with a pozzolanic reaction (c);e - at least one dispersing agent and meeting the following conditions:or(1) the weight percentage of water E related to the cumulated weight of the cement (a) and the elements (c) is comprised within the range of 8-24%; (2) the fibres presenting an individual length L of at least 2 mm and a L/phi ratio, phi being the diameter of the fibres, of at least 20; (3) the R ratio between the average length L of the fibres and the maximum Dmax particle size of the granular elements is at least 10; (4) the quantity of fibres is such that their volume is lower than 4% and preferably than 3.5% of the volume of the concrete after setting;6) the mixture ofa - cement;b - granular elements;c - elements with a pozzolanic reaction having a size of elementary particles of at most 1 µm, preferably of at most 0.5 µm;d - constituents capable of improving the tenacity of the matrix selected among the acicular or plate-like elements having an average size of at most 1 mm, and present in a volume proportion comprised from 2.5 to 35% of the cumulated volume of the granular elements (b) and the elements with a pozzolanic reaction (c); ande - at least one dispersing agent;and meeting the following conditions: (1) the weight percentage of water E related to the cumulated weight of the cement (a) and the elements (c) is comprised in the range of 8-24%; (2) the fibres present an individual length L of at least 2 mm and a L/phi ratio, phi being the diameter of the fibres 20; (bis) the R ratio between the average length L of the fibres and the D75 particle size of all the constituents (a), (b), (c) and (d) is at least 5, preferably at least 10; 4) the quantity of fibres is such that their volume is lower than 4% and preferably than 3.5% of the volume of the concrete after setting; (5) all the constituents (a), (b), (c) and (d) present a D75 particle size of at most 2 mm, preferably of at most 1 mm, and a D50 particle size of at most 200 µm preferably of at most 150 µm;
or7) the mixture ofa - cement;b - granular elements having a maximum particle size D of at most 2 mm, preferably of at most 1 mm;c - fine elements with a pozzolanic reaction having a size of elementary particles of at most 20 µm, preferably of at most 1 µm;d - at least one dispersing agent;and meeting the following conditions: (e) the weight percentage of water related to the cumulated weight of the cement (a) and the elements (c) is comprised from 8 to 25%; (f) the organic fibres present an individual length L of at least 2 mm and a L/phi ratio, phi being the diameter of the fibres, of at least 20; (g) the R ratio between the average length L of the fibres and the maximum particle size D of the granular elements is at least 5, h) the quantity of fibres is such that their volume represents at most 8% of the volume of concrete after setting;
or8) the mixture ofa - cement;b - granular elements;c - elements with a pozzolanic reaction having a size of elementary particles of at most 1 µm, preferably of at most 0.5 µm; andd - at least one dispersing agent;and meeting the following conditions: 1) the weight percentage of water E related to the cumulated weight C of the cement (a) and the elements (c) is comprised in the range 8-24%; (2) the fibres present an individual length L of at least 2 mm and a L/phi ratio, phi being the diameter of the fibres, of at least 20; (3) the R ratio between the average length L of the fibres and the D75 particle size of all the constituents (a), (b) and (c) is at least 5, preferably at least 10; (4) the quantity of fibres is such that their volume is at most 8% of the volume of the concrete after setting; (5) all the constituents (a), (b) and (c) present a D75 particle size of at most 2 mm, preferably of at most 1 mm, and a D50 particle size of at most 150 µm, preferably of at most 100 µm;
or9) the mixture of:a - at least one hydraulic binder from the group comprising the Portland cements class G (API), the Portland cements class H (API) and the other hydraulic binders with low levels of aluminates,b - a micro silica with a particle size distribution comprised in the range of 0.1 to 50 micrometres, at a rate of 20 to 35 weight % related to the hydraulic binder,c - an addition of average mineral and/or organic particles, with a particle size distribution comprised in the range 0.5-200 micrometres at a rate of 20 to 35 weight % related to the hydraulic binder, the quantity of the aforesaid addition of average particles being lower or equal to the quantity of micro silica, -a superplasticizing agent and/or a water soluble fluidizer in proportions comprised from 1 to 3 weight % related to the hydraulic binder, andwater in amounts at most equal to 30% of the weight of the hydraulic binder;
or10) the mixture of:a - cement;b - granular elements having a Dg particle size of at most 10 mm;c - elements with a pozzolanic reaction having a size of elementary particles comprised from 0.1 to 100 µm;d - at least one dispersing agent;e - metallic or organic fibres;and meeting the conditions: (1) the weight percentage of water related to the cumulated weight of the cement (a) and the elements (c) is comprised in the range 8-24%; (2) the metallic fibres present an average length Lm of at least 2 mm, and a h/d1 ratio, d1 being the diameter of the fibres, of at least 20; (3) the Vi/V ratio of the volume Vi of the metallic fibres to the volume V of the organic fibres is higher than 1, and the Lm/Lo ratio of the length of the metallic fibres to the length of the organic fibres is higher than 1; (4) the R ratio between the average length Lm of the metallic fibres and the Dg size of the granular elements is at least 3; (5) the quantity of metallic fibres is such that their volume is lower than 4% of the volume of the concrete after setting and (6) the organic fibres present a melting temperature lower than 300°C., an average length Lo higher than 1 mm and a Do diameter of at most 200 µm, the quantity of organic fibres being such that their volume is comprised from 0.1 to 3% of the volume of the concrete. - A building comprising:- the barrier (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11;- a wall (18);- a slab (20) connected to the wall by the barrier.
- The building according to claim 12, wherein the barrier (10) is continuous between the slab (20) and the wall, along an edge (30) of the slab (20).
- The building according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the slab (20) is fixed to the wall by the reinforcements (16) of the barrier (10).
- The building according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the reinforcements (16) of the barrier (10) are in a lower half of the slab (20).
- The building according to any one of claims 12 to 15, further comprising an Indoor Thermal Insulation, comprising a lining complex comprising at least one gypsum board.
- A process for manufacturing a barrier (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of:- assembling a formwork defining a channel (32) for a thermal insulating block (12);- pouring a layer (14) of ultra-high performance fibered concrete on one side of the block (12)- positioning reinforcements (16) in the layer (14) of ultra-high performance fibered concrete.
- The process according to claim 17, wherein there is a space (33) between the block (12) and a side (34) of the channel (32), the ultra-high performance fibered concrete being poured into the space (33) as well as on the block (12).
- A process for manufacturing a building, comprising the steps of:- pouring a wall (18);- positioning a barrier (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, the reinforcements (16) protruding from one side of the barrier (10) being positioned on the wall;- pouring a slab (20), the reinforcements (16) protruding from the other side of the barrier (10) setting with the slab (20).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0506743A FR2887905B1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2005-06-30 | THERMAL BREAKER |
PCT/FR2006/001445 WO2007003739A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2006-06-23 | Temperature limit switch |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1899541A1 EP1899541A1 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
EP1899541B1 true EP1899541B1 (en) | 2012-01-11 |
Family
ID=35840391
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06778647A Not-in-force EP1899541B1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2006-06-23 | Thermal interrupter |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8151531B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1899541B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE541097T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2612985C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2887905B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007003739A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202013102272U1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-06-06 | Baustoffwerke Gebhart & Söhne GmbH & Co. KG | Formwork stone for connection to a concrete floor |
EP3070222B1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2022-11-09 | Kp1 | Prefabricated construction element and method for manufacturing such a prefabricated construction element |
FR3033810B1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2017-03-10 | Kp1 | METHOD OF PROCESSING THERMAL BRIDGES, THERMAL INSULATION ELEMENT AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURAL BONDING ELEMENT AND PREDALLE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ELEMENTS. |
FR3033809B1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2017-03-10 | Kp1 | METHOD OF PROCESSING THERMAL BRIDGES, THERMAL INSULATION ELEMENT AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURAL BONDING ELEMENT AND PREDALLE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ELEMENTS. |
EP3839162B1 (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2024-02-21 | Leviat GmbH | Thermally insulating component for use in a separation joint between two structural parts |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2078969A (en) * | 1934-05-23 | 1937-05-04 | Hiter King | House foundation |
DE3422905A1 (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1986-01-02 | Hansjörg Dipl.-Ing. 7542 Schömberg Braun | Apparatus for connecting a balcony slab and an intermediate floor |
GB8709877D0 (en) * | 1987-04-27 | 1987-06-03 | Clifton R A | Concrete screed rails |
DE8717953U1 (en) * | 1987-07-08 | 1991-09-19 | Schöck Bauteile GmbH, 7570 Baden-Baden | Thermally insulating component |
US4823534A (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-04-25 | Hebinck Carl L | Method for constructing insulated foam homes |
US5095674A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1992-03-17 | Huettemann Erik W | Concrete building panel with intermeshed interior insulating slab and method of preparing the same |
US5038541A (en) * | 1988-04-01 | 1991-08-13 | Gibbar Jr James H | Polymer building wall form construction |
DE4040433A1 (en) * | 1990-12-18 | 1992-06-25 | Strabag Bau Ag | Load bearing insulating member for building construction - has fibre reinforced resin rods embedded in resin compound with graduated size spherical filler beads |
US5401793A (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1995-03-28 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Intumescent fire-resistant coating, fire-resistant material, and process for producing the fire-resistant material |
DE4342673A1 (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 1995-06-22 | Schoeck Bauteile Gmbh | Component for thermal insulation |
DE19508292A1 (en) * | 1995-03-09 | 1996-09-12 | Rolf Hirn | Structural element for thermal insulation between concrete building and cantilevered section |
CA2191514A1 (en) * | 1996-11-28 | 1998-05-28 | Arne B. Wallin | Modular wall system |
DE19652165C2 (en) | 1996-12-05 | 1999-06-17 | Syspro Gruppe Betonbauteile E | Prefabricated component for a cantilevered balcony slab |
US5822939A (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-10-20 | Haener; Juan | Insulated building block system |
DE29801308U1 (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 1998-04-30 | Syspro-Gruppe Betonbauteile e.V., 68766 Hockenheim | Prefabricated component for a cantilevered balcony slab |
SE516901C2 (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2002-03-19 | Erik Danielsson | Prefabricated reinforced structural building elements, and stiffening plate elements for such construction |
-
2005
- 2005-06-30 FR FR0506743A patent/FR2887905B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-06-23 WO PCT/FR2006/001445 patent/WO2007003739A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-06-23 US US11/922,873 patent/US8151531B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-23 EP EP06778647A patent/EP1899541B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-06-23 AT AT06778647T patent/ATE541097T1/en active
- 2006-06-23 CA CA2612985A patent/CA2612985C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2887905B1 (en) | 2007-08-31 |
EP1899541A1 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
ATE541097T1 (en) | 2012-01-15 |
WO2007003739A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
CA2612985A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
CA2612985C (en) | 2013-12-31 |
US20090056260A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
FR2887905A1 (en) | 2007-01-05 |
US8151531B2 (en) | 2012-04-10 |
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