EP1893789B1 - Dispositif et procede de maintien et de raccordement d'une tige d'anode sur un cadre anodique d'une cellule d'electrolyse de l'aluminium - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de maintien et de raccordement d'une tige d'anode sur un cadre anodique d'une cellule d'electrolyse de l'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1893789B1
EP1893789B1 EP06743713.7A EP06743713A EP1893789B1 EP 1893789 B1 EP1893789 B1 EP 1893789B1 EP 06743713 A EP06743713 A EP 06743713A EP 1893789 B1 EP1893789 B1 EP 1893789B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anode
connector
rod
anode rod
hook
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP06743713.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1893789A1 (fr
Inventor
Xavier Delcorde
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fives ECL SAS
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Fives ECL SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1893789A1 publication Critical patent/EP1893789A1/fr
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Publication of EP1893789B1 publication Critical patent/EP1893789B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a connector, a hook and a device for holding and connecting an anode rod against an anode frame of an aluminum electrolysis cell, and a method of maintaining and connection of such anode rod.
  • Aluminum metal is produced industrially by electrolysis of alumina in solution in an electrolyte bath, according to the Hall-Heroult method.
  • the electrolyte bath is contained in an electrolysis cell comprising a steel box lined internally with refractory and / or insulating materials, and at the bottom of which is located a cathode assembly.
  • Anodes typically of carbonaceous material, are partially immersed in the electrolyte bath.
  • Each anode is provided with a metal rod for its electrical and mechanical connection to an anode frame movable relative to a gantry fixed above the electrolytic cell.
  • Each anode rod is connected to the anode frame using hooks disposed on either side of the anode rod and a removable connector adapted to be deposited on these hooks and to press the anode rod against the anode frame.
  • connection devices that secure the anode rod against the anode frame when starting the installation.
  • These connecting devices comprise means, such as rollers and control systems. Belleville type springs or washers, allowing relative movement of the anode rod while maintaining a satisfactory tightening the different stages of expansion and deformation of the elements of the electrolysis cell during pre-heating.
  • the French request FR 2 039 543 discloses a connector comprising a body having two levers for exerting pressure on the anode rod towards the anode frame by at least one bearing face, two substantially coaxial lateral rods each protruding laterally from said body and intended to rest each on a hook attached to the anode frame, on either side of the rod and a clamping screw adapted to cause the pivoting of the levers around the axis of the lateral rods, so that the connector can be in two particular geometrical configurations: a tightening configuration (or a "tight configuration") in which the bearing surface of the levers is in contact with the anode rod and urges it towards the anode frame substantially perpendicular to it and a configuration of loosening (or a "loosened configuration”), in which the bearing surface of the levers does not exert pressure on the anode rod.
  • a tightening configuration or a "tight configuration”
  • loosening or a "loosened configuration
  • the present invention aims to remedy the disadvantages mentioned above, by providing a solution to ensure excellent clamping of the anode rod against the anode frame, despite possible initial incorrect positioning, by means of a connector, a hook and / or a device that can be used in preheating phase but also in continuous operation mode.
  • the connector according to the invention comprises at least one portion capable of storing an elastic deformation energy sufficient to cause a large displacement of the bearing face towards the anode frame, when the clamping force is released.
  • This particularly elastically deformable part may be all or part of the movable part, a connecting element between the movable part and the actuator, or all or part of the pair of lateral protuberances.
  • the aim is to store a reserve of mechanical energy in the connector such that in the event of release of the contact stresses related to a relative displacement of the anode rod with respect to the anode frame, the support face of the connector against the anode rod can, by elastic return of said connector, move a certain distance in the direction of said anode rod.
  • said sufficient elastic deformation must result, during an elastic return resulting from a decrease in the clamping force, by a displacement of the bearing face of the moving part in the direction of of the anode frame of at least 0.6 mm, preferably greater than 1mm, or even 2 mm, or even 3mm.
  • Another way of estimating said sufficient elastic deformation is to aim at compensating for an angular displacement of the anode rod with respect to the vertical of at least 0.15 °, and preferably at least 0.3 °.
  • the portion of the connector capable of storing a large elastic deformation must therefore have such a geometry and consist of a material having a sufficiently high elastic limit for such a displacement, typically greater than 0.6 mm, to result in a deformation purely elastic.
  • a material whose elastic limit is greater than 1000 N / mm 2 typically a metal, especially a steel.
  • the two lateral rods may be formed by a single rod passing through the body of the connector.
  • the geometry and the constituent material of at least one lever and / or a lateral rod of the connector are able to allow, during the tightening the screw for holding and connecting the anode rod, sufficient elastic deformation of the connector so that, in case of change of position of the anode rod relative to the anode frame, said connector, by springback at least partially towards its rest position, remains in contact with said anode rod and thus continues to ensure a firm hold of said anode rod against said anode frame.
  • a reserve of mechanical energy is formed in the connector to restore it automatically in case of movement of the anode rod, so that the connection and maintenance of the anode rod against the anode frame is always satisfactory.
  • the connector has a long enough lateral rod, so that the distance between the body of the connector and the support zone of this rod, intended to rest on the hook attached to the anode frame, is large enough to allow deformation said rod and, consequently, a displacement of the connector body, and consequently of its bearing face on the anode rod, substantially perpendicular to the anode frame, of an amplitude greater than 0.6 mm.
  • at least one lateral rod is made of a material whose elastic limit is greater than 1000 N / mm 2, typically a metal, in particular a steel.
  • Said distance between the body of the connector and the bearing zone of this lateral rod may be greater than 50 mm, or even 90 mm, and the amplitude of displacement of the connector body may exceed 1 mm, or even 2 mm, or even 3 mm.
  • the distance between the connector body and the zone of support of the corresponding lateral rod may be between 20 and 40% of the distance between the bearing zones of the two lateral rods (ie the distance between the two hooks attached to the anode frame).
  • At least one lever may comprise at least one flange having an indentation made from its upper or lower edge and defining two branches spaced apart from each other in a direction perpendicular to the lateral rods. The bottom of the notch can then form a housing for receiving a lateral rod.
  • At least one lever may comprise an elastic pad, at least a portion of which forms the bearing surface of said lever on the anode rod.
  • This pad may be in the form of a folded elastic tab on itself, preferably made of metal, especially steel.
  • the invention relates to a hook intended to be fixed to the anode frame of an aluminum electrolysis cell for holding and connecting, against the anode frame, an anode rod placed at side of the hook, and on which is intended to rest a connector operable between a clamping position in which the connector is in contact with the anode rod and urges it towards the anode frame substantially perpendicular thereto and a position in which the connector does not exert pressure on the anode rod.
  • the geometry and the constituent material of the hook are able to allow, when the connector is actuated to the clamping position, a sufficient elastic deformation of the hook relative to the anode frame so that the hook can, by at least partial elastic return to its rest position, compensate for any change in the position of the anode rod relative to the anode frame and thus continue to ensure a firm hold of the anode rod against the anode frame.
  • a reserve of mechanical energy is constituted in the or each hook to be restored automatically in case of movement of the anode rod.
  • the device comprises a connector comprising a body comprising two levers having at least one bearing face, two substantially coaxial lateral rods each projecting laterally from a lever, each intended to rest on a hook, and a suitable clamping screw. to cause the pivoting of the levers about the axis of the rods between a position in which the bearing surface of the levers is in contact with the anode rod and urges it towards the anode frame substantially perpendicular thereto and a release position in which the bearing surface of the levers does not exert no pressure on the anode rod.
  • the geometry and the constituent material of at least one hook, a lever and / or a lateral rod of the connector are able to allow, when tightening the screw for holding and connecting the anode rod, an elastic deformation sufficient of the holding device relative to the anode frame so that the holding device can, by at least partial elastic return to its rest position, compensate for any change in the position of the anode rod relative to the anode frame and continue thus to ensure a firm hold of the anode rod against the anode frame.
  • this device also makes it possible to avoid the use of additional specific parts (roller, spring, washer) that would have to be assembled to the others and regularly changed.
  • the connector and / or the hook may be in accordance with those previously described.
  • the width L C of the connector body is less than the width L TA of the anode rod, and for example L C ⁇ 0.8 L TA .
  • the actuator is actuated to cause sufficient elastic deformation of at least one hook and / or at least a portion of the connector so that said connector, by elastic return at least partially said hook and / or said portion of the connector to its rest position, remains in contact with said anode rod and thus continues to ensure a firm hold of said anode rod against said anode frame.
  • the clamping screw is actuated to cause sufficient elastic deformation of at least one hook, a lever and / or a lateral rod of the connector relative to the anode frame so that said hook, lever and / or said lateral rod can, by at least partial springback to its rest position, compensating for any change in the position of the anode rod relative to the anode frame and thus continuing to ensure a firm hold of the anode rod against the anode frame, the geometry and the constituent material of said hook, said lever and / or said lateral rod being chosen so as to allow such elastic deformation and such elastic return.
  • the connector and / or the hook may be in accordance with those previously described.
  • an electrolysis cell 1 comprises a tank 2 capable of containing the liquid metal and the electrolyte bath, and a superstructure 3 comprising a fixed gantry 4 and a movable metal anode frame 5.
  • the electrolysis cell 1 also comprises anodes 6 provided with a metal rod 7 for fixing and electrical connection of the anodes 6 to the anode frame 5.
  • Each anode rod 7 is connected to the anode frame 5 by a holding device and connection.
  • This device comprises two hooks 8 fixed to the anode frame 5, substantially at the same height, and between which the anode rod 7 is intended to be placed, as well as a connector 9.
  • the connector 9 firstly comprises a body comprising two levers, namely an upper lever 10 and a lower lever 11, each having two lateral flanges 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b.
  • the flanges are here substantially identical.
  • the two flanges of the same lever are joined firstly in the front by a shoe 14, at least part of which forms the bearing face of the levers 10, 11 is intended to exert pressure on the anode rod 7 towards the anode frame 5, and secondly at the rear by a nut 15, the two nuts 15 having substantially the same axis 16.
  • the lower lever 11 is typically partially placed between the two flanges 12a, 12b of the upper lever 10.
  • the connector 9 also comprises two lateral rods 17a, 17b, substantially cylindrical and of the same axis 18, projecting from one of a first side and the other of the second side of the connector 9, in the front zone of the body.
  • the two lateral rods 17a, 17b consist of a single rod passing through the body of the connector 9 and protruding laterally on either side of said body.
  • the lateral rods 17a, 17b are intended to rest each on a hook 8.
  • the connector 9 comprises a clamping screw 19 engaged in the nuts 15 and having two threaded zones with opposite pitch each cooperating with a nut 15.
  • the rotation of the screw 19 about the axis 16 by a corresponding clamping member cooperating with the head of the screw, causes the levers 10, 11 to pivot about the axis 18 of the lateral rods 17a, 17b, between a clamping position in which the two nuts 15 are spaced apart. the other ( figure 4 ) and a loosened position in which the two nuts 15 are substantially joined ( figure 3 ).
  • connection of the anode rod 7 to the anode frame 5 is as follows: the anode rod 7 is placed between the two hooks 8 already attached to the anode frame 5, then the connector 9 is placed on the hooks 8, by resting each of the lateral rods 17a, 17b in the recess 8a of a hook 8, the connector 9 being in the loosened position. In this position, the bearing surface of the levers 10, 11 exerts little or no pressure on the anode rod 7 ( figure 3 ). Then the clamping screw 19 is actuated to cause the levers 10, 11 to pivot towards the clamping position.
  • the holding and connecting device is designed to ensure an excellent clamping of the anode rod 7 against the anode frame 5 at any time, even if the anode rod 7 is to move relative to the anode frame 5. This is achieved in the following way: on assembly, the clamping screw 19 is actuated until sufficient elastic deformation of at least one element of the device (hook, lever, lateral rod) with respect to the anode frame 5 Thus, by at least partial springback to its rest position, this element - or these elements - can compensate for any change in the position of the anode rod 7 with respect to the anode frame 5 and the device can thus continue to maintain the anode rod 7 against the anode frame 5.
  • the width Le of the body of the connector 9 is relatively small compared to the width L TA of the anode rod 7. Consequently, since the hooks 8 are placed on either side of the rod anode 7 and close thereto, the distance L between the body of the connector 9 and the bearing zone 20 of a lateral rod 17a, 17b on the corresponding hook 8 is relatively large. Due to this important cantilever, when tightening the screw 19, the lateral rods 17a, 17b can deform as shown schematically on the figure 5 , the axis 18 of the lateral rods 17a, 17b curving causing the body of the connector 9 to move away from the anode frame.
  • the diameter D of the lateral rods 17a, 17b and the elastic limit of their constituent material are chosen in order to allow a sufficient deformation of the lateral rods 17a, 17b, that is to say the storage in the lateral rods 17a, 17b of a sufficient amount of mechanical energy that can be restored in case of modification of the position of the rod 7.
  • the lateral rods 17a, 17b return at least partially to their rest position, and there still exists a clamping force of the anode rod 7 against the anode frame 5.
  • the same connector 9 is used for all the anode rods whose width L TA is between 140 and 220 mm, which corresponds to 90% of the applications.
  • the width Le of the body of the connector 9 is constant, the cantilever (distance L), and therefore the reserve of mechanical energy, are all the more important than the width L TA of the rod of anode 7 is large.
  • a displacement d of the connector body 9 of at least 0.8 mm for an anode rod 7 with a width of 140 mm and at least 1.8 mm, or even more than 3 mm, for an anode rod 7 with a width of 220 mm, which corresponds to variations greater than 300% and 400%, respectively, with respect to the prior art.
  • a diameter of the lateral rods 17a, 17b for the same diameter of the lateral rods 17a, 17b.
  • the connector 9 shown on the figure 5 is symmetrical, but other structures could be envisaged in which one of the two lateral rods 17a, 17b would be longer and / or would deform more than the other.
  • the pad 14 formed on the levers 10, 11 is made of an elastically deformable material. Under the effect of the tightening of the screw 19, the pad 14 is compressed between the lever 10, 11 corresponding and the anode rod 7 and can, if necessary, return at least partially to its rest position and continue to exercise on the anode rod 7 the effort required for its connection and its correct retention against the anode frame 5.
  • the hook 8 comprises a fastening base 21, extended by a carrier body 22 whose upper 23 and lower 24 edges are substantially parallel, and a curved end portion 25 defining a recess 26 for receiving a lateral rod 17a 17b, and whose free end edge 27 is substantially perpendicular to the lower edge 24 of the carrier body 22.
  • the hook 8 is welded at its base on a base 28 provided with two recesses 29 for fastening by screwing on the anode frame 5.
  • Positioning means 30 are furthermore provided on a lateral face of the hook 8 intended to be opposite the anode rod 7 for guiding and positioning the anode rod 7 between the hooks 8.
  • the height h22 of the carrier body 22 is substantially constant and between 60 and 85% of the height h21 of the base 21.
  • h21 is of the order of 135 mm and h22 of the order of 100 mm.
  • the hook 8 is made of steel and has a thickness e less than 18 mm, for example 15 mm.
  • the hook 8 may also include localized areas whose thickness is less than the overall thickness e of the hook 8.
  • the hook 8 thus has a greater capacity for elastic deformation than the hooks of the prior art.
  • the displacement of the recess 26 of the hook 8 in the direction of the force, which is substantially horizontal is at least 20% greater than the displacement obtained with the known hooks.
  • the hook 8 may, by at least partial restitution of the mechanical energy that it has stored by deforming elastically, continue to ensure proper maintenance of the anode rod 7 against the anode frame 5.
  • the levers 10, 11 which provide the elastic effect.
  • the two lateral flanges 12a, 12b of the upper lever 10 are substantially identical and each have a notch 31 made from their upper edge, to the front.
  • the two lateral flanges 13a, 13b of the lower lever 11 are substantially identical. They each have an indentation made from their lower edge, towards the front, and are placed between the lateral flanges 12a, 12b of the upper lever 10, so that the notches 31 are substantially opposite and define a housing adapted to receive the rods.
  • lateral 17a, 17b (or a single through rod) substantially horizontally.
  • the four flanges have substantially the form of question marks placed in pairs in an inverted position relative to each other.
  • the lateral rods 17a, 17b are arranged in the In another embodiment of this variant, the lateral rods 17a, 17b pass through the lateral flanges 12a, 12b, typically near the hollow of the indentations 31; in this case, the indentations 31 are shallower than in the previous embodiment.
  • each flange 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b comprises two branches 32, 33 spaced apart from each other in a direction perpendicular to the anode frame 5.
  • the flanges thus have an ability to elastic deformation perpendicular to the anode frame 5, by bringing the two branches 32, 33 closer to one and the same notch 31.
  • skates of Figures 2 to 5 are in the form of elastic tabs 34 folded on themselves.
  • the two branches 35, 36 of a tab 34 are spaced from each other.
  • the two branches 35, 36 are brought closer together to become joined by elastic deformation. If the anode rod 7 changes position, the two branches 35, 36 will return to their rest position and, by elastic effect, will continue to urge the anode rod 7 towards the anode frame 5.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
EP06743713.7A 2005-04-20 2006-04-18 Dispositif et procede de maintien et de raccordement d'une tige d'anode sur un cadre anodique d'une cellule d'electrolyse de l'aluminium Active EP1893789B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0503944A FR2884833B1 (fr) 2005-04-20 2005-04-20 Dispositif et procede de maintien et de raccordement d'une tige d'anode sur un cadre anodique d'une cellule d'electrolise de l'aluminium
PCT/FR2006/000844 WO2006111649A1 (fr) 2005-04-20 2006-04-18 Dispositif et procede de maintien et de raccordement d'une tige d’anode sur un cadre anodique d'une cellule d'electrolyse de l'aluminium

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1893789A1 EP1893789A1 (fr) 2008-03-05
EP1893789B1 true EP1893789B1 (fr) 2018-11-21

Family

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EP06743713.7A Active EP1893789B1 (fr) 2005-04-20 2006-04-18 Dispositif et procede de maintien et de raccordement d'une tige d'anode sur un cadre anodique d'une cellule d'electrolyse de l'aluminium

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US7887680B2 (es)
EP (1) EP1893789B1 (es)
CN (1) CN101203630B (es)
AR (1) AR055913A1 (es)
AU (1) AU2006238508B2 (es)
BR (1) BRPI0609936A2 (es)
CA (1) CA2605717C (es)
FR (1) FR2884833B1 (es)
MY (1) MY147911A (es)
NO (1) NO343920B1 (es)
RU (1) RU2398053C2 (es)
WO (1) WO2006111649A1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA200710005B (es)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2913985B1 (fr) * 2007-03-23 2009-08-28 Ecl Soc Par Actions Simplifiee Module de service muni d'au moins une pince a anode et d'un moyen permettant d'exercer une force ou un choc sur la tige d'anode.
CA2807888C (fr) * 2010-09-08 2018-05-22 E.C.L. Organe de manutention securisee de connecteurs de cellules d'electrolyse destinees a la production d'aluminium
RU2458187C1 (ru) * 2011-03-24 2012-08-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" Контактный зажим электролизера с обожженными анодами
FR2989693B1 (fr) * 2012-04-24 2015-06-12 Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd Connecteur de prechauffage
CN105172801A (zh) * 2015-07-20 2015-12-23 安徽省无为煤矿机械制造有限公司 一种手摇式夹紧猴车用夹紧装置
CN105172800A (zh) * 2015-07-20 2015-12-23 安徽省无为煤矿机械制造有限公司 一种手摇式夹紧猴车
FR3050462B1 (fr) * 2016-04-26 2020-12-25 Nkm Noell Special Cranes Gmbh Connecteur pour le raccordement mecanique et electrique d'une anode au cadre anodique d'une cellule de production d'aluminium
RU170206U1 (ru) * 2016-07-07 2017-04-18 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" Контактный зажим электролизера с обожженными анодами
CN107220402B (zh) * 2017-04-14 2020-11-13 桂林理工大学 一种铝液界面模拟方法
FR3090699B1 (fr) * 2018-12-20 2021-04-09 Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd Ensemble anodique et procédé de fabrication associé

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FR2039543A5 (es) * 1969-04-14 1971-01-15 Duclaux Daniel
US4269673A (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-05-26 Aluminum Company Of America Anode mount
US4394242A (en) * 1980-01-28 1983-07-19 Adnovum Ag Clamp, tool, and electrolysis cell anode mount
SU981457A1 (ru) 1981-05-08 1982-12-15 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Алюминиевой,Магниевой И Электродной Промышленности "Вами" Устройство дл захвата анододержател
CA1263948C (en) * 1984-10-18 1989-12-19 ANODE CLAMP
SU1522786A1 (ru) 1988-04-04 1996-12-10 Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и проектный институт алюминиевой, магниевой и электродной промышленности Устройство для захвата анододержателя в электролизере для получения алюминия
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FR2854906B1 (fr) * 2003-05-12 2006-06-16 Ecl Organe de manutention de connecteurs de cellules d'electrolyse destinees a la production d'aluminium
FR2874934B1 (fr) * 2004-09-08 2007-09-07 Ecl Soc Par Actions Simplifiee Procede de changement d'anode dans une cellule de production d'aluminium par electrolyse incluant un ajustement de la position de l'anode et dispositif pour le mettre en oeuvre
FR2879582B1 (fr) * 2004-12-21 2007-01-19 Ecl Soc Par Actions Simplifiee Dispositif de manutention des capots d'une cellule de production d'aluminium par electrolyse
FR2913985B1 (fr) * 2007-03-23 2009-08-28 Ecl Soc Par Actions Simplifiee Module de service muni d'au moins une pince a anode et d'un moyen permettant d'exercer une force ou un choc sur la tige d'anode.

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006111649A8 (fr) 2006-12-07
CN101203630B (zh) 2012-02-29
NO20075908L (no) 2008-01-21
NO343920B1 (no) 2019-07-08
CA2605717A1 (fr) 2006-10-26
US7887680B2 (en) 2011-02-15
MY147911A (en) 2013-01-31
RU2007142652A (ru) 2009-05-27
CA2605717C (fr) 2012-11-27
AU2006238508B2 (en) 2010-10-28
AR055913A1 (es) 2007-09-12
ZA200710005B (en) 2009-07-29
FR2884833B1 (fr) 2007-05-25
BRPI0609936A2 (pt) 2010-05-11
EP1893789A1 (fr) 2008-03-05
FR2884833A1 (fr) 2006-10-27
AU2006238508A1 (en) 2006-10-26
US20080142357A1 (en) 2008-06-19
RU2398053C2 (ru) 2010-08-27
WO2006111649A1 (fr) 2006-10-26
CN101203630A (zh) 2008-06-18

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