EP1872068B1 - Echangeur de chaleur a multiples parties - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur a multiples parties Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1872068B1
EP1872068B1 EP05856004.6A EP05856004A EP1872068B1 EP 1872068 B1 EP1872068 B1 EP 1872068B1 EP 05856004 A EP05856004 A EP 05856004A EP 1872068 B1 EP1872068 B1 EP 1872068B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
component
heat
refrigerant
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP05856004.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1872068A2 (fr
EP1872068A4 (fr
Inventor
Tobias Sienel
Yu Chen
Parmesh Verma
Hans-Joachim Huff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Taylor Commercial FoodService LLC
Original Assignee
Carrier Comercial Refrigeration Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Comercial Refrigeration Inc filed Critical Carrier Comercial Refrigeration Inc
Publication of EP1872068A2 publication Critical patent/EP1872068A2/fr
Publication of EP1872068A4 publication Critical patent/EP1872068A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1872068B1 publication Critical patent/EP1872068B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
    • F25B6/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
    • F25D19/02—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors plug-in type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/003—General constructional features for cooling refrigerating machinery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/065—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air return
    • F25D2317/0651—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air return through the bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/066—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply
    • F25D2317/0661—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply from the bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2323/00—General constructional features not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2323/002—Details for cooling refrigerating machinery
    • F25D2323/0026—Details for cooling refrigerating machinery characterised by the incoming air flow
    • F25D2323/00264—Details for cooling refrigerating machinery characterised by the incoming air flow through the front bottom part
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2323/00—General constructional features not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2323/002—Details for cooling refrigerating machinery
    • F25D2323/0027—Details for cooling refrigerating machinery characterised by the out-flowing air
    • F25D2323/00271—Details for cooling refrigerating machinery characterised by the out-flowing air from the back bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25D2500/02—Geometry problems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to vapor compression systems and, more particularly, to a heat exchanger configuration for such a system.
  • An exemplary heat exchanger system according to the preamble of claim 1 is disclosed in JP 6-207773 .
  • the heat exchanger placement is very much constrained by space.
  • the efficiency of the system is often low in comparison to a system with a properly sized heat exchanger due to the large temperature difference between the air and the refrigerant in the heat exchangers.
  • the present invention provides a refrigeration system comprising: a compressor for driving a refrigerant along a flow path in at least a first mode of system operation; a first heat exchanger along the flow path downstream of the compressor in the first mode; a second heat exchanger along the flow path upstream of the compressor in the first mode; and an expansion device in the flow path downstream of the first heat exchanger and upstream of the second heat exchanger in the first mode, wherein the first heat exchanger comprises at least a first heat exchanger component and a second heat exchanger component arranged along a flow path of heat exchange fluid for the first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger component being downstream of the second heat exchanger in the first mode; and wherein a fan is arranged to provide a flow of heat exchange medium past the first heat exchanger, such that the first heat exchanger component is upstream of the second heat exchanger component in the flow of heat exchange medium; characterised by a refrigerator housing defining a cassette receiving area, wherein the heat exchanger components are mounted within a cassette adapted to be inserted into
  • the invention relates to a vapor compression system of a refrigerator unit and, more particularly, to the arrangement of a heat exchanger in a vapor compression system, preferably in a transcritical vapor compression system.
  • greater contact area between the heat exchanger and heat exchange medium is obtained by utilizing all potentially available spaces within a particular vapor compression system to house additional components of a heat exchanger, such that the heat exchanger is implemented in a series or plurality of heat exchange components. In this manner, small available spaces are nevertheless utilized to increase heat exchange efficiency and, therefore, efficiency of the overall system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system in accordance with the present invention.
  • system 10 which, in this particular embodiment, is the vapor compression system for a bottle cooler refrigeration assembly.
  • FIG. 1 shows the lower portion of such an assembly, including a housing 12 containing a vapor compression system.
  • FIGS.1 - 3 for further discussion of the vapor compression system, which includes a compressor 14, a downstream heat exchanger 16, an expansion device 18 and an evaporator 20.
  • Compressor 14 is operative to drive a refrigerant along refrigerant lines ( FIG.3 ) first to heat exchanger 16, then to expansion device 18, and then to evaporator 20. Refrigerant flows from evaporator 20 back to compressor 14 to complete the circuit.
  • first heat exchanger 16 is provided having a first heat exchange component 22 and a second heat exchange component 24. These components are positioned within housing 12 to take advantage of the spaces available such that high amounts of heat exchange can be accomplished with relatively small available spaces.
  • housing 12 defines a flow path for heat exchange medium, for example air, to enter into heat exchange relationship with first heat exchanger 16.
  • An upper portion of housing 12 also defines a flow path for air from within the refrigerated space (not shown, but located above housing 12 and supplied with air cooled by arrows 27) to be treated with second heat exchanger 20.
  • first and second components 22, 24 of first heat exchanger 16 can and most likely will be different in size and/or shape so that these components can advantageously take advantage of the available space within a particular device.
  • first component 22 has a relatively larger area in a transverse plane with respect to the flow, and is relatively thin from front to back. This is because first component 22 in this embodiment is sized to fit within a relatively narrow (from front to back) space toward the open front of housing 12.
  • a second space within housing 12 in this embodiment is available beneath a wall 28 which separates one portion of housing 12 for treating the first flow of air 26 from a second portion of housing 12 for treating the second portion of air 27.
  • This wall 28 extends downwardly relative to the outer contour of housing 12, and results in a restriction in flow area as air flows from the inlet end 30 to the outlet end 32 of housing 12.
  • This zone of decreased cross sectional flow area results in an increase in velocity of the air flowing through this zone.
  • An increased velocity flow has been found to provide improved efficiency heat exchange in heat exchangers such as that of the present invention.
  • this zone has a substantially short height and yet extends much further from the inlet side toward the outlet side as compared to the space for accommodating first component 22.
  • second component 24 is advantageously shaped and adapted to fit properly within this space, thereby providing maximum possible heat exchange area and further taking advantage of the increased flow velocity of air through that zone.
  • one preferred implementation of the vapor compression system in accordance with the present invention is a transcritical vapor compression system.
  • a transcritical vapor compression system operates upon a refrigerant which does not condense in the first heat exchanger.
  • a refrigerant of a transcritical vapor compression system is CO 2 .
  • other refrigerants could be used well within the scope of the present invention to provide suitable vapor compression systems which would benefit from the heat exchanger arrangement of the present invention.
  • Expansion device 18 can be any suitable expansion device for decreasing the pressure of refrigerant passing there through as is known to a person of skill in the art. Various known expansion devices could be utilized for this purpose.
  • a pressure regulator such as that disclosed in WO 2006/101566 , is a particularly desirable type of expansion device for use in connection with the present invention. As used herein, the term expansion device is considered to include such a pressure regulator.
  • Second heat exchanger 20 which performs the function of an evaporator, is shown as a single heat exchanger in the drawings. It should be appreciated that second heat exchanger 20 could also be provided in a plurality of components, as well, in the event that space for treatment of flow of air from the refrigerated space is particularly small and/or irregularly shaped.
  • FIG. 3 shows refrigerant lines connecting from first heat exchanger 16 to expansion device 18 and then to second heat exchanger or evaporator 20. Refrigerant flows from evaporator 20 back to the suction inlet of compressor 14.
  • the present invention provides for increased heat exchange efficiency due to increase in area of contact between the heat exchanger and the heat exchange medium. It should further be appreciated that the system of the present invention provides for enhanced utilization of space available for heat exchange, thereby providing more efficient operation of a vapor compression system as desired in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example with a two part heat exchanger.
  • the refrigerant flow would be circuited first through component 24 and then through component 22 if the air flow was directed from front to back.
  • the refrigerant flow would be circuited first through component 22 and then through component 24 if the air flow was from back to front.
  • This concept is especially useful for transcritical vapor compression systems (such as using CO 2 ), where it is critically important for efficiency that the temperature of refrigerant leaving the heat rejecting heat exchanger be as close as possible to the heat sink fluid (typically air) entering the heat exchanger.
  • the individual heat exchanger segments or components could also be circuited to be as counterflow as possible to further enhance this effect.
  • the segments or components of the heat exchanger could be manufactured and shipped as one piece, or separately manufactured and connected during the unit assembly process.
  • This type of a heat exchanger is particularly useful for applications where a low number of fins are used on the heat exchanger for reasons of fouling.
  • the reduction in fins due to fouling concerns is offset by the additional heat exchanger tube or channel surface area.
  • This heat exchanger could be a round tube plate fin, wire on tube, microchannel, or any other configuration.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Système de réfrigération (10) comprenant :
    un compresseur (14) pour l'entraînement d'un réfrigérant le long d'une voie d'écoulement dans au moins un premier mode de fonctionnement de système ;
    un premier échangeur de chaleur (16) le long de la voie d'écoulement en aval du compresseur dans le premier mode ;
    un second échangeur de chaleur (20) le long de la voie d'écoulement en amont du compresseur dans le premier mode ; et
    un dispositif d'expansion (18) dans la voie d'écoulement en aval du premier échangeur de chaleur et en amont du second échangeur de chaleur dans le premier mode,
    dans lequel le premier échangeur de chaleur comprend au moins un composant de premier échangeur de chaleur (22) et un composant de second échangeur de chaleur (24) agencé le long d'une voie d'écoulement du fluide d'échange de chaleur pour le premier échangeur de chaleur,
    le composant de premier échangeur de chaleur (22) étant en aval du composant de second échangeur de chaleur (24) dans le premier mode ; et
    dans lequel un ventilateur (34) est agencé pour fournir un écoulement d'agent d'échange de chaleur qui passe par le premier échangeur de chaleur de sorte que le composant de premier échangeur de chaleur soit en amont du composant de second échangeur de chaleur dans l'écoulement de l'agent d'échange de chaleur ;
    caractérisé par un boîtier de réfrigérateur définissant une zone de réception de cassette, dans lequel les composants d'échangeur de chaleur (22, 24) sont montés dans une cassette adaptée pour être insérée dans la zone de réception, et dans lequel le composant de second échangeur de chaleur (24) est dans une zone de zone d'écoulement de section transversale diminuée dans l'écoulement d'agent d'échange de chaleur, moyennant quoi la vitesse est augmentée.
  2. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le second échangeur de chaleur (20) comprend aussi une pluralité de composants d'échange de chaleur.
  3. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier échangeur de chaleur (16) est monté dans un boîtier présentant des espaces disponibles séparés et discrets et dans lequel les composants d'échangeur de chaleur (22, 24) sont positionnés dans les espaces.
  4. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier composant (22) a une forme différente de celle du second composant (24).
  5. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le réfrigérant comprend dans la partie de masse majeure du CO2 ; et les premier et second échangeurs de chaleur (16, 20) sont des échangeurs de chaleur réfrigérant-air.
  6. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le système contient un réfrigérant et le réfrigérant est une compression de vapeur transcritique.
  7. Dispositif de refroidissement de boisson comprenant le système de la revendication 1.
EP05856004.6A 2005-03-18 2005-12-30 Echangeur de chaleur a multiples parties Active EP1872068B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US66391705P 2005-03-18 2005-03-18
PCT/US2005/047524 WO2006101563A2 (fr) 2005-03-18 2005-12-30 Echangeur de chaleur a multiples parties

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1872068A2 EP1872068A2 (fr) 2008-01-02
EP1872068A4 EP1872068A4 (fr) 2011-11-16
EP1872068B1 true EP1872068B1 (fr) 2016-06-22

Family

ID=37024267

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05856004.6A Active EP1872068B1 (fr) 2005-03-18 2005-12-30 Echangeur de chaleur a multiples parties

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20080184731A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1872068B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4705157B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN100575813C (fr)
ES (1) ES2580080T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1120103A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006101563A2 (fr)

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JP2008533425A (ja) 2008-08-21
ES2580080T3 (es) 2016-08-19
WO2006101563A2 (fr) 2006-09-28
CN100575813C (zh) 2009-12-30
US20080184731A1 (en) 2008-08-07
JP4705157B2 (ja) 2011-06-22
WO2006101563A3 (fr) 2008-01-17
EP1872068A2 (fr) 2008-01-02
EP1872068A4 (fr) 2011-11-16
CN101175952A (zh) 2008-05-07
HK1120103A1 (en) 2009-03-20

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