Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
  • C07D487/14—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
  • C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
  • C07D513/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
  • C07D513/14—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention is directed tetrahydropyrazinopyrimidine carboxamides and related compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, their synthesis, and their use as inhibitors of the HTV integrase enzyme.
• the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof of the present invention are useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of infection by HTV and for the prophylaxis, treatment, or delay in the onset of AIDS.
• a retrovirus designated human immunodeficiency virus is the etiological agent of the complex disease that includes progressive destruction of the immune system (acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS) and degeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system.
• This virus was previously known as LAV, HTLV-III, or ARV.
• a common feature of retrovirus replication is the insertion by virally-encoded integrase of +proviral DNA into the host cell genome, a required step in FHV replication in human T-lymphoid and monocytoid cells.
• Integration is believed to be mediated by integrase in three steps: assembly of a stable nucleoprotein complex with viral DNA sequences; cleavage of two nucleotides from the 3' termini of the linear proviral DNA; covalent joining of the recessed 3' OH termini of the proviral DNA at a staggered cut made at the host target site.
• the fourth step in the process, repair synthesis of the resultant gap may be accomplished by cellular enzymes.
• Nucleotide sequencing of HIV shows the presence of a pol gene in one open reading frame [Ratner, L. et al., Nature, 313, 277(1985)].
• Amino acid sequence homology provides evidence that the pol sequence encodes reverse transcriptase, integrase and an HTV protease [Toh, H. et al., EMBO J. 4, 1267 (1985); Power, M.D. et al., Science, 231, 1567 (1986); Pearl, L.H. et al., Nature, 329, 351 (1987)]. All three enzymes have been shown to be essential for the replication of BQV.
• antiviral compounds which act as inhibitors of HIV replication are effective agents in the treatment of AIDS and similar diseases, including reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as azidothymidine (AZT) and efavirenz and protease inhbitors such as indinavir and nelfmavir.
• the compounds of this invention are inhibitors of HIV integrase and inhibitors of HIV replication.
• the inhibition of integrase in vitro and HtV replication in cells is a direct result of inhibiting the strand transfer reaction catalyzed by the recombinant integrase in vitro in HTV infected cells.
• the particular advantage of the present invention is highly specific inhibition of HTV integrase and HTV replication.
• US 2003/0229079 discloses l-(aromatic- or heteroaromatic-substituted)-3-(heteroaromatic substituted)- 1, 3 -propanediones useful as BDV integrase inhibitors.
• US 2003/0055071 (corresponding to WO 02/30930), US 2004/0034221 (corresponding to WO 02/30426), and US 2004/0044207 (corresponding to WO 02/55079) each disclose certain 8-hydroxy-l,6-naphthyridine-7-carboxamides as HTV integrase inhibitors.
• US 2005/010048 (corresponding to WO 02/036734) discloses certain aza- and polyaza- naphthalenyl ketones to be HIV integrase inhibitors.
• US2004/229909 (corresponding to WO 2003/016275) discloses certain compounds having integrase inhibitory activity.
• WO 03/35076 discloses certain 5,6-dihydroxypyrimidine-4-carboxamides as HTV integrase inhibitors
• US 2005/025774 discloses certain N- substituted 5-hydroxy-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxamides as HTV integrase inhibitors
• WO 03/062204 discloses certain hydroxynaphthyridinone carboxamides that are useful as HTV integrase inhibitors.
• WO 2004/096128 disclose certain pyrimidine carboxamides that are useful as HTV integrase inhibitors.
• WO 2005/016927 discloses certain nitrogenous condensed ring compounds that are HIV integrase inhibitors.
• WO 2005/061490 discloses certain hydroxypyrimidinone derivatives having HTV integrase inhibitory activity.
• Various pyrimidinone compounds useful as HTV integrase inhibitors are also disclosed in WO 2005/115398, WO 2005/118589, WO 2005/118590, WO 2005/118593, and US 2005/0256109.
• the present invention is directed to tetrahydropyrazinopyrimidine carboxamides and related compounds. These compounds are useful in the inhibition of HTV integrase, the prophylaxis or treatment of infection by HIV, and the prophylaxis, treatment, or delay in the onset of AIDS and/or ARC, either as compounds or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates (when appropriate), or as pharmaceutical composition ingredients, whether or not in combination with other HIV antivirals, anti- infectives, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines. More particularly, the present invention includes compounds of Formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
• X is N(RK) 5 O, S, S(O), S(0)2, where each * denotes the point of attachment to the rest of the molecule;
• RK is:
• Ci_6 alkyl substituted with T wherein T is C ⁇ 2R A , CN, S ⁇ 2R A , N(RD)RE,
• n and n are each independently integers equal to zero, 1, or 2, with the proviso that m + n is zero, 1, or 2;
• Rl is: (1) H,
• Ci-6 alkyl substituted with V wherein V is OH, O-Ci-6 alkyl, O-Ci-6 haloalkyl, SRA, S(O)RA, SO2RA, N(RD)RE, C(0)N(RD)RE N(RA)-C(O)C(O)-N(RD)RE, N(RA)-C(O)RB, N(RA)-SO 2 RB, N(RA)-C 1-6 alkylene-SO 2 RB, N(RA)C(O)-C i_6 alkylene-SO 2 RB, N(RA)-SO 2 N(RD)RE, N(RA)_CO 2 RB, or N(RA)-C(0)N(RD)RE,
• C 1 _6 alkyl substituted with W wherein W is CycA, AryA, HetA, O-C 1 -6 alkylene-CycA, O-Ci-6 alkylene-AryA, O-Ci-6 alkylene-HetA, S(O)j-Ci-6 alkylene-CycA, S(0)j-Ci_6 alkylene-AryA, S(0)j-Ci-6 alkylene-HetA, N(RA)-C(O)-AryA, or N(RA)-C(O)-HetA,
• each j is independently an integer equal to zero, 1, or 2;
• R2 is H or Cl _6 alkyl; or alternatively Rl and R2 together with the ring carbon atom to which they are both attached form (i) a 3- to 7-membered saturated carbocyclic ring or (ii) a 4- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, where independently each N is optionally substituted with C ⁇ . ⁇ alkyl and each S is optionally oxidized to S(O) or S(O)2; ( note: the ring formed by the joining of Rl and R2 provides a spiro ring system)
• each R.3 is independently H or Ci -6 alkyl, and each R4 is independently H or Cl -6 alkyl; or alternatively R3 and R4 attached to the same carbon atom together form oxo or thioxo;
• each R5 is independently H or Ci_6 alkyl, and each R6 is independently H or Ci -6 alkyl; or alternatively R5 and R6 attached to the same carbon atom together form oxo or thioxo; R7 is H or C 1-6 alkyl;
• R.8 is H or C ⁇ . ⁇ alkyl; or alternatively R? and R ⁇ together form oxo or thioxo;
• R9 is H or alkyl
• RlO is C ⁇ -6 alkyl substituted with CycC, AryC or HetC;
• each RA is independently H or Ci_ ⁇ alkyl
• each RB is independently H or C ⁇ . ⁇ alkyl
• RC is C l_6 alkyl substituted with CycA, AryA, or HetA; or alternatively, when X is N(RK) and Rl includes the N(RC) moiety, RC and RK together with (i) the N atom to which RK is attached, (ii) the N atom to which RC is attached, (iii) the ring carbon to which Rl is attached, and (iv) the zero, 1 or 2 ring carbons between X and the ring carbon to which Rl is attached, form a fused 5- to 7-membered diazacycloalkyl ring, wherein the portion of the fused ring obtained from RC and RK is a 1- to 4- membered methylene chain optionally substituted with oxo or C ⁇ . ⁇ alkyl;
• each RD and RE are each independently H or C ⁇ . ⁇ alkyl, or together with the nitrogen to which they are both attached form a 4- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring optionally containing a heteroatom in addition to the nitrogen attached to RD and RE selected from N, O, and S, where the S is optionally oxidized to S(O) or S(O)2, and wherein the saturated heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each of which is independently C ⁇ . ⁇ alkyl or S(O)2-Ci_6 alkyl;
• RF is C 1-6 alkyl, or alternatively, when X is N(RK) and Rl is 8RF or ORF, RF and RK together with (i) the N atom to which RK is attached, (ii) the S or O atom to which RF is attached, (iii) the ring carbon to which Rl is attached, and (iv) the zero, 1 or 2 ring carbons between X and the ring carbon to which Rl is attached, form a fused S- to 7-membered oxyazacycloalkyl or thioazacycloalkyl ring, wherein the portion of the fused ring obtained from RF and RK is a 1- to 4-membered methylene chain;
• each CycA is independently C3.8 cycloalkyl which is optionally substituted with a total of from 1 to 6 substituents, wherein:
• CycB and CycC each independently have the same definition as CycA;
• each AryA is independently aryl which is optionally substituted with a total of from 1 to 5 substituents, wherein:
• Ci-6 alkyl (2) Ci_6 alkyl substituted with OH, O-Ci-6 alkyl, O-Cl-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO2,
• AryB and AryC each independently have the same definition as AryA;
• each HetA is independently a heteroaryl which is optionally substituted with a total of from 1 to 5 substituents, wherein:
• HetB and HetC each independently have the same definition as HetA;
• each CycD is independently a C3_8 cycloalkyl which is optionally substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents each of which is independently halogen, Ci_6 alkyl, OH, O-Ci-6 alkyl, or Ci_6 haloalkyl;
• each AryD is independently phenyl or naphthyl, wherein the phenyl or naphthyl is optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents each of which is independently any one of the substituents (1) to (25) as set forth above in part (i) of the definition of AryA;
• each HetD is independently a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, wherein the heteroaromatic ring is optionally substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents each of which is independently halogen, Ci _6 alkyl, C ⁇ s haloalkyl, O-Ci_ ⁇ alkyl, O-Ci_6 haloalkyl, or hydroxy;
• each aryl is independently (i) phenyl, (ii) a 9- or 10-membered bicyclic, fused carbocyclic ring system in which at least one ring is aromatic, or (iii) an 11- to 14-membered tricyclic, fused carbocyclic ring system in which at least one ring is aromatic;
• each heteroaryl is independently (i) a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, wherein each N is optionally in the form of an oxide, or (ii) a 9- or 10-membered bicyclic, fused ring system containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, wherein either one or both of the rings contain one or more of the heteroatoms, at least one ring is aromatic, each N is optionally in the form of an oxide, and each S in a ring which is not aromatic is optionally S(O) or S(O)2;
• the present invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention further includes methods for the treatment of AIDS, the delay in the onset of AIDS, the prophylaxis of ADDS, the prophylaxis of infection by HIV, and the treatment of infection by HTV.
• the present invention includes compounds of Formula I above, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are HTV integrase inhibitors (e.g., HIV-I integrase inhibitors).
• a first embodiment of the present invention (i.e., Embodiment El) is a compound of
• Ci_6 alkyl substituted with T wherein T is CO2RA, CN, S ⁇ 2R A , N(RD)RE 5 C(O)N(RD)RE 5 or N(RA)-C(O)RB, (4) Ci_6 haloalkyl,
• V is S(O)RA 5 N(RA)-C(O)C(O)-N(RD)RE 5 N(RA)-SO2R B , N(RA)-CI_ 6 alkylene-S02R B , N(RA)C(O)-C i_6 alkylene-SO2RB, N(RA)-S02N(RD)RE S N(RA)-C ⁇ 2RB, or N(RA)-C(O)N(RD)RE w h en N(RA)-C(O)N(RD)RE is other than NH-C(0)NH2,
• W is O-Ci-6 alkylene-CycA, O-Ci-6 alkylene-AryA, O-C ⁇ 6 alkylene-HetA, S(0)j-Ci_6 alkylene-CycA, S(0)j-Ci-6 alkylene-AryA, S(0)j-Ci_6 alkylene-HetA, N(RA)-C(O)-AryA, or N(RA)_c(O)-HetA, (7) N(RA)-SO2N(RD)RE w hen RD and RE together with the N to which they are both attached form an optionally substituted saturated heterocyclic ring,
• a second embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein all of the variables are as originally defined, and provided that:
• O-Ci-6 alkylene-AryA O-Ci-6 alkylene-HetA
• S(0)j-Ci-6 alkylene-CycA S(0)j-Ci_6 alkylene-AryA
• S(O)j-Ci_6 alkylene-HetA S(O)j-Ci_6 alkylene-HetA
• CycA (21) N(RA)-C(O)-HetA, (22) N(RA)-C(O)-N(RD)RE w h e n RD and RE together with the N to which they are both attached form an optionally substituted saturated heterocyclic ring, (23) N(RC)-C(O)-CycA when RC and RK are involved in the formation of an optionally substituted fused diazacycloalkyl ring, (24) N(RC)-C(O)-AryA when RC and RK are involved in the formation of an optionally substituted fused diazacycloalkyl ring,
• a third embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein all of the variables are as originally defined, and provided that:
• a fourth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the integer m is equal to 1 and the integer n is equal to 1, or m is zero and n is 2, or m is zero and n is 1, or m is 1 and n is zero, or m is zero and n is zero; and all other variables are as originally defined (i.e., as defined for Formula I in the Summary of the Invention) or as defined in any of the preceding embodiments.
• a fifth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is N(RK) or O; and all other variables are as originally defined or as defined in any of the preceding embodiments.
• X is N(RK).
• a sixth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R9 is H or Cl -.4 alkyl; RlO is:
• CH2-phenyl or CH2-HetC wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with a total of from 1 to 3 substituents, wherein (i) from zero to 3 substituents are each independently bromo, chloro, fluoro, C1-4 alkyl, CF3, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(CM alkyl), C(O)N(Ci_4 alkyl)2, S-C1-4 alkyl, SO2-C1-4 alkyl, or S ⁇ 2N(Ci_4 alkyl)2, and (ii) from zero to 1 substituent is a heteroaromatic selected from the group consisting of imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrrolyl, and pyrazolyl, wherein the heteroaomatic ring is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each of which is independently Cl, Br, F,
• HetC is a heteroaryl which is (i) a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing a total of from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from 1 to 4 N atoms, zero to 1 O atom, and zero to 1 S atom, or (ii) a 9 or 10-membered bicyclic, fused ring system in which one ring is a benzene ring and the other ring is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from zero to 3 N atoms, zero to 1 O atom, and zero to 1 S atom, wherein the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents each of which is independently Cl, Br, F, or Ci_4 alkyl; and all other variables are as originally defined or as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
• R.9 is H and the definition of RlO j s unchanged.
• a seventh embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R? is H or C 1.4 alkyl; RlO is: (1) CH2-phenyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with a total of from 1 to 2 substituents wherein (i) from zero to 2 substituents are each independently bromo, chloro, fluoro, CH3, CF3, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(CH3), C(O)N(CH3)2, SCH3, SO2CH3, or S ⁇ 2N(CH3)2, and (ii) from zero to 1 substituent is oxadiazolyl optionally substituted with CH3, or (2) CH2-HetC, wherein HetC is a heteroaryl which is quinolinyl, indazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, benzopyranyl, wherein the heteroaryl is
• An eighth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R9 is H; RlO is 4-fluorobenzyl, 3- chloro-4-fluorobenzyl, 3-chloro-4-methylbenzyl, 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl, 3-chlorobenzyl, 4-fluoro-2- methylsulfonylbenzyl, 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzyl, 4-fluoro-2-[(methylamino)carbonyl]benzyl, 2- methylthiobenzyl, 4-fluoro-2-[(3-methyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]benzyl, or [(5-fluoro)quinolin-8- yljmethyl; and all other variables are as originally defined or as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
• a ninth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R9 is H; RlO is 4-fluorobenzyl; and all other variables are as originally defined or as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
• a tenth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• X is N(RK) or O
• RK is:
• Ci-4 alkyl substituted with T wherein T is C ⁇ 2R A , CN, N(RD)RE, or C(O)N(RD)RE, (4) C(O)RA,
• Ci_4 alkyl substituted with U wherein U is CycB, AryB, or HetB, or
• V is OH, O-C1.4 alkyl, SRA, S(O)RA, SO 2 RA,
• N(RD)RE 5 C(O)N(RD)RE, N(RA)-C(O)C(O)-N(RD)RE, N(RA)-C(O)RB,
• N(RA)-SO 2 RB N(RA)-Ci-4 alkylene-SO 2 RB, N(RA)C(O)-Ci .4 alkylene-SO 2 RB,
• W is CycA, AryA, HetA, O-Ci-4 alkylene-AryA, O-Ci_4 alkylene-HetA, or N(RA)-C(O)-HetA,
• R2 is H or C 1-4 alkyl; or alternatively Rl and R ⁇ together with the ring carbon atom to which they are both attached form (i) a 3- to 6-membered saturated carbocyclic ring or (ii) a 6-membered saturated heterocyclic ring containing 1 heteroatom selected from N, O and S, where the N is optionally substituted with C 1-4 alkyl and the S is optionally oxidized to S(O) or S(O)2;
• each R 3 is independently H or C 1.4 alkyl, and each R4 is independently H or C 1.4 alkyl; or alternatively R3 and R4 attached to the same carbon atom together form oxo;
• each R5 is independently H or Ci_4 alkyl, and each Rfi is independently H or Ci_4 alkyl; or alternatively R5 and R ⁇ attached to the same carbon atom together form oxo;
• R? is H or C 1-4 alkyl
• R8 is H or C 1-4 alkyl; or alternatively R7 and R ⁇ together form oxo;
• R9 is H or Ci-4 alkyl
• RlO is C 1-4 alkyl substituted with CycC, AryC or HetC;
• each RA is independently H or Ci .4 alkyl
• each RB is independently H or Ci .4 alkyl
• RC is C I_4 alkyl substituted with CycA, AryA, or HetA; or alternatively, when X is N(RK) and Rl includes the N(RC) moiety, RC and RK together with (i) the N atom to which RK is attached, (ii) the N atom to which RC is attached, (iii) the ring carbon to which Rl is attached, and (iv) the zero, 1 or 2 ring carbons between X and the ring carbon to which Rl is attached, form a fused 5- or 6-membered diazacycloalkyl ring; wherein the portion of the fused ring obtained from RC and RK is a 1- to 3- membered methylene chain optionally substituted with oxo or C 1.4 alkyl;
• each RD and RE are independently H or C 1.4 alkyl, or together with the nitrogen to which they are both attached form a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic ring optionally containing a heteroatom in addition to the nitrogen attached to RC and RD selected from N, O, and S, where the S is optionally oxidized to S(O) or S(O)2, and wherein the saturated heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each of which is independently Ci .4 alkyl or S(O)2-Ci_4 alkyl;
• RF is Ci-4 alkyl, or alternatively, when X is N(RK) and Rl is SRF, RF and RK together with (i) the N atom to which RK is attached, (ii) the S atom to which RF is attached, (iii) the ring carbon to which Rl is attached, and (iv) the zero, 1 or 2 ring carbons between X and the ring carbon to which Rl is attached, form a fused 5- or 6-membered thioazacycloalkyl ring, wherein the portion of the fused ring obtained from RF and RK is a 1- to 3-membered methylene chain;
• each CycA is independently a C3.6 cycloalkyl which is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each of which is independently C 1.4 alkyl, OH, or O-C1.4 alkyl;
• CycB is a C3.6 cycloalkyl which is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each of which is independently C 1.4 alkyl, OH, or O-C1.4 alkyl;
• CycC is a C3-6 cycloalkyl which is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each of which is independently C 1.4 alkyl, OH, or O-C1.4 alkyl;
• each AryA is independently phenyl or naphthyl, wherein the phenyl or naphthyl is optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents each of which is independently:
• C i-4 alkyl which is optionally substituted with OH, O-C1.4 alkyl, O-C1.4 haloalkyl, CN 5 N(RA)RB 3 C(O)N(RA)RB 5 C(O)RA, CO2RA, SRA S(O)RA, SO2RA, or
• AryB independently has the same definition as AryA;
• AryC is phenyl or naphthyl, wherein the phenyl or naphthyl is: (i) optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents each of which is independently any one of the substituents (1) to (17) as set forth above in the definition of AryA, and (ii) optionally substituted with:
• each HetA is independently a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from zero to 4 N atoms, zero or 1 O atom, and zero or 1 S atom, wherein each N is optionally in the form of an oxide, and wherein the heteroaromatic ring is optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents each of which is independently halogen, C 1.4 alkyl, or OH;
• HetB is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from zero to 4 N atoms, zero or 1 O atom, and zero or 1 S atom, wherein the heteroaromatic ring is optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents each of which is independently halogen, C 1.4 alkyl, or OH;
• HetC is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from zero to 4 N atoms, zero or 1 O atom, and zero or 1 S atom, wherein each N is optionally in the form of an oxide, and wherein the heteroaromatic ring is:
• each CycD is independently a C3.6 cycloalkyl which is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each of which is independently Ci .4 alkyl, OH, or O-C1.4 alkyl;
• each AryD is independently phenyl or naphthyl, wherein the phenyl or naphthyl is optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents each of which is independently any one of the substituents (1) to (17) as set forth above in the definition of AryA; and
• each HetD is independently a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from zero to 4 N atoms, zero or 1 O atom, and zero or 1 S atom, wherein the heteroaromatic ring is optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents each of which is independently halogen, C 1.4 alkyl, or OH.
• An eleventh embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I wherein the variables are as defined in Embodiment ElO, and provided that: (A) when m is zero and X is O, then Rl is not H or C 1.4 alkyl;
• T is C ⁇ 2R A , CN, N(RD)RE 5 or C(O)N(RD)RE,
• U is CH2-HetB
• HetB is a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring containing from 2 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from 1 to 4 N atoms, zero or 1 O atom, and zero or 1 S atom, wherein the heteroaromatic ring is attached to the -CH2- moiety via a ring carbon atom and is optionally substituted with a methyl group, and m is zero and the -C(R5R6) n C(R7R8). moiety is -CH2CH2-), then Rl is:
• V is S(O)RA, N(RA)-C(O)C(O)-N(RD)RE 3 N(RA)-SO2RB, N(RA)-CI_4 alkylene-S02R B , N(RA)C(O)-Ci -4 alkylene-SO2R B , N(RA)-SO2N(RD)RE, O ⁇ N(RA)-CO2RB,
• N(RA)-C(O)-HetA N(RC)-C(O)-N(RD)RE when (i) RD and RE together with the N to which they are both attached form a optionally substituted saturated heterocyclic ring or (ii) RC and RK are involved in the formation of an optionally substituted fused diazacycloalkyl ring), (15) N(RA)-C(O)C(O)-N(RD)RE or (16) N(RC)-C(O)C(O)-N(RD)RE ; or
• a twelfth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein all of the variables are as defined in Embodiment ElO, and provided that:
• Ci_4 alkyl (3) Ci-4 alkyl substituted with T, wherein T is C ⁇ 2R A , CN, N(RD)RE, or
• Ci_4 alkyl substituted with V wherein V is S(O)RA, N(RA)-C(O)C(O)-N(RD)RE 5 N(RA)-SO 2 RB, N(RA)-Ci_4 alkylene-SO2RB, N(RA)C(O)-Ci -4 alkylene-SO2RB, N(RA)-SO2N(RD)RE 5 orN(RA)-CO2R B , (4) C 1-4 alkyl substituted with W, wherein W is O-C i_4 alkylene-AryA,
• O-Ci-4 alkylene-HetA or N(RA)-C(O)-HetA,
• a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of
• a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is a compound of Formula II, HI, IV, V, VI, orV ⁇ :
• a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of any one of Formulas ⁇ , DI, IV, V and VI, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: Rl and R2 are both methyl (except in Formula IV where Rl and R2 are both H); R 5 , R6, RV and R ⁇ are each H; RlO is 4-fluorobenzyl; RK is CH 2 -HetB; and HetB is a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring containing from
• the compound is a compound of Formula ⁇ , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is a compound of Formula DI, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is a compound of Formula IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is a compound of Formula V, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is a compound of Formula VI, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of any one of Formulas II, IH, V, VI and VD, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: Rl is N(RA)-C(O)C(O)-N(RD)RE or N(RC)-C(O)C(O)-N(RD)RE; R2 i s H; and all other variables are as defined in Embodiment ElO.
• the compound is a compound of Formula H, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is a compound of Formula DI, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is a compound of Formula V, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is a compound of Formula VI, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is a compound of Formula V ⁇ , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• X is N(RK) or O
• RK is:
• Ci_4 alkyl (3) (CH2)l-2-T, wherein T is C ⁇ 2R A , CN, N(RD)RE, O r C(O)N(RD)RE,
• R2 is H or C I_4 alkyl; or alternatively Rl and R2 together with the ring carbon atom to which they are both attached form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopenryl, cyclohexyl, or oxacyclohexyl (alternatively known in the art as tetrahydropyranyl); each R ⁇ is H, and each R.4 is H; or alternatively R ⁇ and R.4 attached to the same carbon atom together form oxo;
• each R ⁇ is H, and each R6 is H; or alternatively R ⁇ and R ⁇ attached to the same carbon atom together form oxo;
• R7 is H
• R8 is H; or alternatively R7 and R ⁇ together form oxo;
• R9 is H
• RlO is CH2-CycC, CH2-AryC or Clfe-HetC;
• each RA is independently H or C 1-4 alkyl
• each RB is independently H or C 1.4 alkyl
• RC is (CH2) l -2-CycA, (CH2) 1 -2-AryA, or (CH2) 1 -2-HetA; or alternatively, when X is N(RK), RC and RK together with (i) the N atom to which RK is attached, (ii) the N atom to which RC is attached, (iii) the ring carbon to which Rl is attached, and (iv) the zero, 1 or 2 ring carbons between X and the ring carbon to which Rl is attached, form a fused 5- or 6-membered diazacycloalkyl ring; wherein the portion of the fused ring obtained from RC and RK is a 1- to 3-membered methylene chain optionally substituted with oxo;
• each RD and RE are independently H or C 1.4 alkyl, or together with the nitrogen to which they are both attached form a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of *— N ⁇ I *-N ) *-N p *-N S *-N S(O) *-N S(O) 2
• RF is C 1-4 alkyl, or alternatively, when X is N(RK) and Rl is SRF, RF and RK together with (i) the N atom to which RK is attached, (ii) the S atom to which RF is attached, (iii) the ring carbon to which Rl is attached, and (iv) the zero, 1 or 2 ring carbons between X and the ring carbon to which Rl is attached, form a fused 5- or 6-membered thioazacycloalkyl ring, wherein the portion of the fused ring obtained from RF and RK is a 1- to 3-membered methylene chain;
• each CycA is independently a C3_6 cycloalkyl
• CycB is a C3.6 cycloalkyl
• CycC is a C ⁇ -6 cycloalkyl
• AryA, AryB and AryC are each independently phenyl which is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each of which is independently bromo, chloro, fluoro, C 1.4 alkyl, CF3, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(Ci_4 alkyl), C(O)N(CM alkyl)2, S-C1.4 alkyl, SO2-C1.4 alkyl, or S ⁇ 2N(Ci_4 alkyl)2; and
• HetA, HetB, and HetC are each independently a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring selected from the group consisting of pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isooxazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridinyl N-oxide, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, and pyrazinyl, wherein the heteroaromatic ring is optionally substituted with from 1 or 2 substituents each of which is independently a Cl .4 alkyl;
• Embodiment E 18 is a compound of
• A, B, C and D as set forth in Embodiment El 1 are applied.
• X is N(RK).
• a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention (Embodiment E 19) is a compound of
• a twentieth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of
• X is N(RK).
• RK the definitions of variables in the provisos set forth in Embodiments El 1, El 2 and El 3 can be customized in the provisos in Embodiments El 8, El 9 and E20 so that the definitions therein match (i.e., are consistent with) the definitions of the variables in Embodiment E17.
• part (3) of the definition of RK in Embodiment E17 recites "(CH2)l-2-T".
• the reference to "C1.4 alkyl substituted with T" in part (3) of the definition of RK in proviso C of Embodiment El 1 can be rewritten here to refer to "(CH2)l-2-T".
• a twenty-first embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• X is N(RK) or O
• RK is:
• T is CO2H, CO2CH3, CO2CH2CH3, CN, N(CH3>2, N(CH 2 CH 3 )2, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(CH3), C(O)N(CH 3 )2, C(O)NH(CH 2 CH 3 ),
• (CH2)l-2-U wherein U is cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, or a heteroaromatic ring selected from the group consisting of pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl, and pyrazinyl, wherein the heteroaromatic ring is optionally substituted with methyl, (15) (CH2)l-2C(O)N(H)-(CH 2 )l-2-pyridinyl,
• Ci_ 4 alkyl (3) (CH2)l-2-V, wherein V is OH, OCH 3 , SCH3, SO2CH3, N(CH 3 )2, C(0)NH2,
• R2 is H or C 1-4 alkyl; or alternatively Rl and R2 together with the ring carbon atom to which they are both attached form cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or tetrahydropyran-4-yl;
• each R3 is H, and each R4 is H; or alternatively R3 and R4 attached to the same carbon atom together form oxo;
• each R5 is H, and each R6 is H; or alternatively R5 and R6 attached to the same carbon atom together form oxo;
• R7 is H
• R8 is H; or alternatively R7 and R& together form oxo;
• R9 is H
• RlO is CH2-phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each of which is independently bromo, chloro, fluoro, CH3, CF3, C(O)NH 2 , C(0)NH(CH3), C(O)N(CH3)2, SCH3, SO 2 CH 3 , or SO 2 N(CH3)2;
• RC is CH2-cyclohexyl or CH2-phenyl where the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each of which is independently bromo, chloro, fluoro, methyl, ethyl, CF3, C(O)NH 2 , C(0)NH(CH3), C(O)NH(CH 2 CH 3 ), C(O)N(CH3)2, SCH3, SO2CH3, or S ⁇ 2N(CH3)2; or alternatively:
• HetA is a heteroaromatic ring selected from the group consisting of pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridinyl N-oxide, and pyrazinyl, wherein the heteroaromatic ring is optionally substituted with methyl;
• X is N(RK).
• a twenty-second embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula-I as defined in Embodiment E21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein provisos A, B, C and D as set forth in Embodiment El 1 are applied.
• X is N(RK).
• a twenty-third embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I as defined in Embodiment E21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein provisos A, B and C as set forth in Embodiment E12 are applied.
• X is N(RK).
• a twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I as defined in Embodiment E21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein provisos A, B and C as set forth in Embodiment E13 are applied.
• X is
• a first class of the present invention includes compounds of Formula VIII and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
• RK is:
• Rl is:
• RC is CH2-cyclohexyl, CH2-phenyl, or CH2-phenyl where the phenyl is para-substituted with fluoro;
• Yl and Y2 are each independently H, Br, Cl, F, CH3, C(0)NH(CH3), C(O)N(CH3)2, SCH3, SO2CH3, or SO2N(CH3)2.
• a sub-class of the first class includes the compounds as defined therein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein proviso C as set forth in Embodiment El 1 is applied.
• Another sub-class of the first class includes the compounds as defined therein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein proviso C as set forth in Embodiment E12 is applied.
• Another sub-class of the first class includes the compounds as defined therein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein proviso C as set forth in Embodiment El 3 is applied.
• a second class of the present invention includes compounds of Formula IX and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
• RK is H or C 1-3 alkyl, CH2-phenyl, or CH2-pyridinyl
• Yl and Y2 are each independently H, Br, Cl, F, CH3, C(O)NH(CH3), C(O)N(CH3)2, SCH3, SO2CH3, or SO2N(CH3)2.
• a sub-class of the second class includes compounds of Formula IX, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.K is H or Cl _3 alkyl; and all other variables are as originally defined in the second class.
• Another sub-class of the second class includes compounds of Formula DC, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.K is C 1.3 alkyl, CH2-phenyl, or CH2-pyridinyl; and all other variables are as originally defined in the second class.
• a third class of the present invention includes compounds of Formula X and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
• Rl is:
• Yl and Y2 are each independently H, Br, Cl, F, CH3, C(O)NH(CH3), C(O)N(CH3)2, SCH3, SO2CH3, or SO2N(CH3)2.
• a sub-class of the third class includes the compounds of Formula X, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Rl is other than H; i.e., Rl is any one of the groups (2) to (25) as originally defined in the third class; and all other variables are as originally defined in the third class.
• a fourth class of the present invention includes compounds of Formula XI and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
• R2 is H or methyl; or alternatively Rl and R2 together with the ring carbon atom to which they are both attached form cyclopropyl or tetrahydropyran-4-yl; and
• Yl and Y2 are each independently H, Br, Cl, F, CH3, C(O)NH(CH3), C(O)N(CH3)2, SCH3, SO2CH3, or SO2N(CH3)2.
• a sub-class of the fourth class includes the compounds as defined therein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein provisos C and D as set forth in Embodiment El 1 is applied.
• Another sub-class of the fourth class includes the compounds as defined therein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein proviso C as set forth in Embodiment E12 is applied.
• Another sub-class of the fourth class includes the compounds as defined therein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein proviso C as set forth in Embodiment El 3 is applied.
• a fifth class of the present invention includes compounds of Formula XII and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
• RK is Ci-3 alkyl, CH2-phenyl, CH2-pyridinyl, or (CO)CHa;
• Yl and ⁇ 2 are each independently H, Br, Cl, F, CH3, C(O)NH(CHa), C(O)N(CH3)2, SCH3, SO2CH3, or SO 2 N(CH 3 )2.
• a sixth class of the present invention includes compounds of Formula XIH, XTV, and XV, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
• RK is Ci-3 alkyl, CH2-phenyl, or CH2-pyridinyl
• Yl and ⁇ 2 are each independently H, Br, Cl, F, CH3, C(O)NH(CH3), C(O)N(CH3)2, SCH3, SO2CH3, or S ⁇ 2N(CH3)2-
• a sub-class of the sixth class includes compounds of Formula XV, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from the group consisting of the compounds set forth in Table 1 below.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from Compounds 1-4, 6, 7, 9-39 and 41-185.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from Compounds 60, 61, 63, 64, 69, 71, 72, 75, 76, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91, 92, 110, 113-136, 138, 142-150, 153-157, 180 and 181.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from Compounds 87, 116-119, 121, 123-136, 142-150, 154-157, 180 and 181.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from Compounds 116-119, 121, 123-136, 142-150, 154-157, 180 and 181.
• the compounds in these two embodiments have exhibited excellent potency in the integrase assay (Example 32) and in the spread assay (Example 33). It is believed that these compounds are active against clinical mutants that have been generated with approved HTV reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as originally defined or as defined in any of the foregoing embodiments, classes, or sub-classes, wherein the compound or its salt is in a substantially pure form.
• substantially pure means suitably at least about 60 wt.%, typically at least about 70 wt.%, preferably at least about 80 wt.%, more preferably at least about 90 wt.% (e.g., from about 90 wt.% to about 99 wt.%), even more preferably at least about 95 wt.% (e.g., from about 95 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, or from about 98 wt.% to 100 wt.%), and most preferably at least about 99 wt.% (e.g., 100 wt.%) of a product containing a compound Formula I or its salt (e.g., the product isolated from a reaction mixture affording the compound
• the level of purity of the compounds and salts can be determined using a standard method of analysis such as thin layer chromatography, gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, and/or mass spectrometry.
• a compound or salt of 100% purity is one which is free of detectable impurities as determined by one or more standard methods of analysis.
• a substantially pure compound can be either a substantially pure mixture of the stereoisomers or a substantially pure individual diastereomer or enantiomer.
• compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• pharmaceutical composition which comprises the product prepared by combining (e.g., mixing) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• an anti-HTV agent selected from the group consisting of HTV antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and anti-infective agents.
• composition of (c), wherein the anti-FflV agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of FHV protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside HTV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and nucleoside HTV reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
• a pharmaceutical combination which is (i) a compound of Formula I and (ii) an anti-HTV agent selected from the group consisting of FlIV antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and anti- infective agents; wherein the compound of Formula I and the anti-FHV agent are each employed in an amount that renders the combination effective for the inhibition of FHV integrase, for the treatment or prophylaxis of infection by FUV, or for the treatment, prophylaxis or delay in the onset of ADDS.
• anti-HTV agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside HTV reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nucleoside HTV reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
• (k) The method of (j), wherein the compound is administered in combination with an effective amount of at least one antiviral selected from the group consisting of HTV protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and nucleoside HTV reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
• a method of inhibiting HTV integrase in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of (a), (b), (c) or (d) or the combination of (e) or (f).
• (m) A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of infection by HTV in a subj ect in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of (a), (b), (c) or (d) or the combination of (e) or (f).
• a method for the treatment, prophylaxis, or delay in the onset of AIDS in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of (a), (b), (c) or (d) or the combination of (e) or (f).
• the present invention also includes a compound of the present invention (i) for use in, (ii) for use as a medicament for, or (iii) for use in the preparation of a medicament for: (a) the inhibition of HTV integrase, (b) treatment or prophylaxis of infection by HTV, or (c) treatment, prophylaxis, or delay in the onset of AIDS, hi these uses, the compounds of the present invention can optionally be employed in combination with one or more anti-HTV agents selected from HTV antiviral agents, anti-infective agents, and immunomodulators.
• Additional embodiments of the invention include the pharmaceutical compositions, combinations and methods set forth in (a)-(n) above and the uses set forth in the preceding paragraph, wherein the compound of the present invention employed therein is a compound of one of the embodiments, aspects, classes, sub-classes, or features of the compounds described above. In all of these embodiments, the compound may optionally be used in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• the present invention also includes prodrugs of the compounds of Formula I.
• prodrug refers to a derivative of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is converted in vivo into Compound I.
• Prodrugs of compounds of Formula I can exhibit enhanced solubility, absorption, and/or lipophilicity compared to the compounds per se, thereby resulting in increased bioavailability and efficacy.
• the in vivo conversion of the prodrug can be the result of an enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction, a metabolic chemical reaction, and/or a spontaneous chemical reaction (e.g., solvolysis).
• the prodrug can be an ester or an amide
• the prodrug can be an amide, carbamate, imine, or a Mannich base.
• One or more functional groups in Compound I can be derivatized to provide a prodrug thereof.
• Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in Design of Prodrugs, edited by H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985; C. S. Larsen and J. Ostergaard, "Design and application of prodrugs" in: Textbook of Drug Design and Discovery, 3 rd edition, edited by C. S.
• Cj-6 alkyl refers to all of the hexyl alkyl and pentyl alkyl isomers as well as n-, iso-, sec- and t-buryl, n- and isopropyl, ethyl and methyl.
• Ci -4 alkyl refers to n-, iso-, sec- and t-butyl, n- and isopropyl, ethyl and methyl.
• alkylene refers to any divalent linear or branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical (or alternatively an “alkanediyl”) having a number of carbon atoms in the specified range.
• -Ci_6 alkylene- refers to any of the Ci to C ⁇ linear or branched alkylenes.
• a class of alkylenes of particular interest with respect to the invention is -(CH2)l-6-j and sub-classes of particular interest include -(CH2)l-4-, -(CH2)l-3-, -(CH2)l-2- > and -CH2-.
• alkylene -CH(CH3)- is also of interest.
• cycloalkyl refers to any cyclic ring of an alkane having a number of carbon atoms in the specified range.
• C3-8 cycloalkyl refers to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopenryl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl.
• halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine (alternatively referred to as fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo).
• haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group as defined above in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a halogen (i.e., F, Cl, Br and/or I).
• a halogen i.e., F, Cl, Br and/or I.
• Ci -6 haloalkyl or “Ci-Cg haloalkyl” refers to a Ci to Cg linear or branched alkyl group as defined above with one or more halogen substituents.
• fluoroalkyl has an analogous meaning except that the halogen substituents are restricted to fluoro. Suitable fluoroalkyls include the series (CH2) ⁇ -4CF3 (i.e., trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl, etc.).
• diazacycloalkyl means a saturated cyclic ring consisting of two nitrogens and one or more carbon atoms (e.g., imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, or piperazinyl).
• oxyazacycloalkyl means a saturated cyclic ring consisting of an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and one or more carbon atoms.
• thioazacycloalkyl means a saturated cyclic ring consisting of a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, and one or more carbon atoms.
• 1 - to 4-membered methylene chain means a divalent radical of formula
• a heterocyclic ring described as containing from “1 to 4 heteroatoms” means the ring can contain 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms. It is also to be understood that any range cited herein includes within its scope all of the sub-ranges within that range. Thus, for example, a heterocyclic ring described as containing from “1 to 4 heteroatoms” is intended to include as aspects thereof, heterocyclic rings containing 2 to 4 heteroatoms, 3 or 4 heteroatoms, 1 to 3 heteroatoms, 2 or 3 heteroatoms, 1 or 2 heteroatoms, 1 heteroatom, 2 heteroatoms, and so forth.
• any variable e.g., RA J RB 3 O r AryD
• its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
• combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
• substituted e.g., as in “is optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents "
• substitution by a named substituent is permitted on any atom in a ring (e.g., aryl, a heteroaromatic ring, or a saturated heterocyclic ring) provided such ring substitution is chemically allowed and results in a stable compound.
• a ring e.g., aryl, a heteroaromatic ring, or a saturated heterocyclic ring
• Any of the various carbocyclic and heterocyclic rings and ring systems defined herein may be attached to the rest of the compound at any ring atom (i.e., any carbon atom or any heteroatom) provided that a stable compound results.
• Suitable aryls include phenyl, 9- and 10-membered bicyclic, fused carbocyclic ring systems, and 11- to 14-membered tricyclic fused carbocyclic ring systems, wherein in the fused carbocyclic ring systems at least one ring is aromatic.
• Suitable aryls include, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralinyl), indenyl, anthracenyl, and fluorenyl.
• Suitable heteroaryls include 5- and 6-membered heteroaromatic rings and 9- and 10-membered bicyclic, fused ring systems, wherein the heteroaromatic ring or the bicyclic, fused ring system contains from 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S.
• Suitable 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic rings include, for example, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, thienyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxatriazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl.
• Suitable heterobicyclic, fused ring systems include, for example, benzofuranyl, indolyl, indazolyl, naphthyridinyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzopiperidinyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, chromenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, and quinazolinyl.
• Suitable saturated heterocyclics include 4- to 7- membered saturated heterocyclic rings containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S.
• Suitable 4- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclics include, for example, azetidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrazolidinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, thiazinanyl, thiazepanyl, azepanyl, diazepanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, and dioxanyl.
• saturated heterocyclics that may be formed by the joining of Rl and R.2 together with the ring carbon to which they are both attached.
• Saturated heterocyclics that may be formed by the joining of RP and R.E together with the nitrogen to which they are both attached include, for example, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, azepanyl, diazepanyl, and thiazinanyl.
• a “stable” compound is a compound which can be prepared and isolated and whose structure and properties remain or can be caused to remain essentially unchanged for a period of time sufficient to allow use of the compound for the purposes described herein (e.g., therapeutic or prophylactic administration to a subject).
• substituents and substituent patterns certain of the compounds of the present invention can have asymmetric centers and can occur as mixtures of stereoisomers, or as individual diastereomers or enantiomers. All isomeric forms of these compounds, whether isolated or in mixtures, are within the scope of the present invention.
• certain of the compounds of the present invention can exist as tautomers. All tautomeric forms of these compounds, whether isolated or in mixtures, are within the scope of the present invention.
• Compounds of the present invention having a hydroxy substituent on a carbon atom of a heteroaromatic ring are understood to include compounds in which only the hydroxy is present, compounds in which only the tautomeric keto form (i.e., an oxo substitutent) is present, and compounds in which the keto and enol forms are both present.
• the compounds of the present inventions are useful in the inhibition of HTV integrase (e.g., HTV-I integrase), the prophylaxis or treatment of infection by HTV and the prophylaxis, treatment or the delay in the onset of consequent pathological conditions such as AIDS.
• HTV integrase e.g., HTV-I integrase
• the prophylaxis of ADDS, treating AIDS, delaying the onset of AIDS, the prophylaxis of infection by HTV, or treating infection by HTV is defined as including, but not limited to, treatment of a wide range of states of HTV infection: AIDS, ARC (AIDS related complex), both symptomatic and asymptomatic, and actual or potential exposure to HTV.
• the compounds of this invention are useful in treating infection by HTV after suspected past exposure to HTV by such means as blood transfusion, exchange of body fluids, bites, accidental needle stick, or exposure to patient blood during surgery.
• the compounds of this invention are useful in the preparation and execution of screening assays for antiviral compounds.
• the compounds of this invention are useful for isolating enzyme mutants, which are excellent screening tools for more powerful antiviral compounds.
• the compounds of this invention are useful in establishing or determining the binding site of other antivirals to HTV integrase, e.g., by competitive inhibition.
• the compounds of this invention can be commercial products to be sold for these purposes.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• salt refers to a salt which possesses the effectiveness of the parent compound and which is not biologically or otherwise undesirable (e.g., is neither toxic nor otherwise deleterious to the recipient thereof).
• Suitable salts include acid addition salts which may, for example, be formed by mixing a solution of the compound of the present invention with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, or benzoic acid.
• suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can include alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium or potassium salts), alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., calcium or magnesium salts), and salts formed with suitable organic ligands such as quaternary ammonium salts.
• alkali metal salts e.g., sodium or potassium salts
• alkaline earth metal salts e.g., calcium or magnesium salts
• suitable organic ligands such as quaternary ammonium salts.
• pharmaceutically acceptable esters can be employed to modify the solubility or hydrolysis characteristics of the compound.
• administration and variants thereof (e.g., “administered” or “administering") in reference to a compound of the invention mean providing the compound or a prodrug of the compound to the individual in need of treatment or prophylaxis.
• a compound of the invention or a prodrug thereof is provided in combination with one or more other active agents (e.g., antiviral agents useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of HIV infection or ADDS)
• “administration” and its variants are each understood to include provision of the compound or prodrug and other agents at the same time or at different times.
• the agents of a combination are administered at the same time, they can be administered together in a single composition or they can be administered separately.
• composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combining the specified ingredients.
• pharmaceutically acceptable is meant that the ingredients of the pharmaceutical composition must be compatible with each other and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
• subject refers to an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human, who has been the object of treatment, observation or experiment.
• the term "effective amount” as used herein means that amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
• the effective amount is a "therapeutically effective amount” for the alleviation of the symptoms of the disease or condition being treated.
• the effective amount is a "prophylactically effective amount” for prophylaxis of the symptoms of the disease or condition being prevented.
• the term also includes herein the amount of active compound sufficient to inhibit HIV integrase and thereby elicit the response being sought (i.e., an "inhibition effective amount").
• references to the amount of active ingredient are to the free acid or free base form of the compound.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered by any means that produces contact of the active agent with the agent's site of action. They can be administered by any conventional means available for use in conjunction with pharmaceuticals, either as individual therapeutic agents or in a combination of therapeutic agents. They can be administered alone, but typically are administered with a pharmaceutical carrier selected on the basis of the chosen route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice.
• the compounds of the invention can, for example, be administered orally, parenterally (including subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques), by inhalation spray, or rectally, in the form of a unit dosage of a pharmaceutical composition containing an effective amount of the compound and conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles.
• Liquid preparations suitable for oral administration e.g., suspensions, syrups, elixirs and the like
• Solid preparations suitable for oral administration can be prepared according to techniques known in the art and can employ such solid excipients as starches, sugars, kaolin, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like.
• Parenteral compositions can be prepared according to techniques known in the art and typically employ sterile water as a carrier and optionally other ingredients, such as a solubility aid.
• injectable solutions can be prepared according to methods known in the art wherein the carrier comprises a saline solution, a glucose solution or a solution containing a mixture of saline and glucose.
• compositions can be provided in the form of tablets or capsules containing about 1.0 to about 500 milligrams of the active ingredient, particularly 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated.
• the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular patient may be varied and will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity of the particular condition, and the host undergoing therapy.
• an anti-HIV agent is any agent which is directly or indirectly effective in the inhibition of HTV integrase or another enzyme required for HTV replication or infection, the treatment or prophylaxis of HIV infection, and/or the treatment, prophylaxis or delay in the onset of AIDS. It is understood that an anti-HIV agent is effective in treating, preventing, or delaying the onset of HTV infection or AIDS and/or diseases or conditions arising therefrom or associated therewith.
• the compounds of this invention may be effectively administered, whether at periods of pre-exposure and/or post-exposure, in combination with effective amounts of one or more HTV antivirals, imunomodulators, antiinfectives, or vaccines useful for treating HTV infection or AIDS, such as those disclosed in Table 1 of WO 01/38332 or in the Table in WO 02/30930.
• HTV antivirals for use in combination with the compounds of the present invention include, for example, HTV protease inhibitors (e.g., indinavir, atazanavir, lopinavir optionally with ritonavir, saquinavir, or nelfinavir), nucleoside HTV reverse transcriptase inhibitors (e.g., abacavir, lamivudine (3TC), zidovudine (AZT), or tenofovir), and non-nucleoside HTV reverse transcriptase inhibitors (e.g., efavirenz or nevirapine).
• HTV protease inhibitors e.g., indinavir, atazanavir, lopinavir optionally with ritonavir, saquinavir, or nelfinavir
• nucleoside HTV reverse transcriptase inhibitors e.g., abacavir, lamivudine
• HTV antivirals and other agents will typically be employed in these combinations in then- conventional dosage ranges and regimens as reported in the art, including, for example, the dosages described in the Physicians' Desk Reference, 57 th edition, Thomson PDR, 2003, or the 59 th edition thereof, 2005.
• the dosage ranges for a compound of the invention in these combinations are the same as those set forth above.
• Scheme B depicts the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-7,8,8-substituted-4-oxo-4,6,7,8- tetrahydroimidazo[l ,5- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-2-caxboxamides.
• the 2-substituted-5,6-dihydroxypyrimidine-4- carboxamide 1-1 can be treated with trimethyl orthofbrmate and an aldehyde or ketone to obtain the compound 1-5.
• Substrate 1-1 can alternatively be treated with trimethyl orthoformate and phosgene to provide compound 1-5 in which R? and R.8 together form oxo.
• Scheme C depicts the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-9,10 5 10-substituted-4-oxo-4,6,7,8,9,10- hexahydropyrimido[l,2- ⁇ ][l,4]diazepine-2-carboxamides.
• the 2-substituted-5,6-dihydroxypyrimidine-4- carboxamide 1-7 can be obtained by reductive alkylation of the amino derivative 1-1 with a ben2yl protected hydroxyalkyl aldehyde (exemplified in Scheme C with 3-(benzyloxy)propanal) followed by removal of the benzyl protective group by, e.g., hydrogenolysis.
• Intramolecular cyclization under Mitsunobu conditions e.g., treatment with DEAD in the presence of PPI13
• Acylation, sulfonylation, or alkylation of the nitrogen at the 9 position of 1-8 can then provide the desired compound 1-9.
• reductive amination can provide desired compound l-9a.
• Scheme D depicts the synthesis of 10-substituted-3-hydroxy-8-substituted-4-oxo- 4,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydropyrimido[l,2- ⁇ [l,4]diazepine-2-carboxamides.
• Amide 1-10 can be prepared in accordance with WO 2001/090082.
• the amidoxime 1-11 can be obtained by thioamidation of the amide 1-10 with P4S10 followed by treatment with hydroxylamine.
• Reaction of the amidoxime 1-11 with dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate, followed by cylization at high temperature in a suitable solvent e.g., toluene, xylenes (individually or mixtures), chlorobenzene, or an alkyl alcohol such as MeOH
• a suitable solvent e.g., toluene, xylenes (individually or mixtures), chlorobenzene, or an alkyl alcohol such as MeOH
• a suitable solvent e.g., toluene, xylenes (individually or mixtures), chlorobenzene, or an alkyl alcohol such as MeOH
• the methyl ester 1-12 can then be treated with DDQ, followed by treatment with with with benzylamine or a N-benzyl-N-alkylamine to obtain compound 1-13.
• the benzyl group of 1-13 can be removed by hydrogenolysis, after which the methyl ester can be converted to amide 1-14 by
• Scheme E shows an alternative approach to Scheme D for the preparation of compound 1-16.
• the intermediate compound 1-13 is first deprotected, followed by acylation, sulfonylation or reductive amination using standard chemistry to give 1-17.
• Hydrogenolysis of 1-17 followed by acylation, sulfonylation or reductive amination using standard chemistry provides compound 1-18, and then coupling 1-18 with the appropriate amine affords the desired compound 1-16 or l-16a.
• Scheme G depicts the synthesis of 10-substituted-3-hydroxy-8-substituted-4-oxo- 4,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydropyrimido[l,2- ⁇ [l,4]diazepme-2-carboxamides.
• Nitrile 1-21 prepared in the manner described in Eur. J. Org. Chem.
• amidoxime 1-22 is treated with dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate, and then cyclized at high temperature in a suitable solvent (e.g., toluene, xylenes (individually or in mixtures), chlorobenzene, or an alkyl alcohol such as MeOH) to obtain the pyrimidine methyl ester.
• a suitable solvent e.g., toluene, xylenes (individually or in mixtures), chlorobenzene, or an alkyl alcohol such as MeOH
• the 5-hydroxy in the pyrimidine methyl ester intermediate is then protected using, e.g., benzoic anhydride to afford methyl ester 1-23.
• Ester 1-23 can be converted into an amide by coupling with an appropriate amine followed by the Boc deprotection with a suitable acid (e.g., TFA) to generate the free amino compound 1-24.
• a suitable acid e.g., TFA
• Reductive amination of amine 1-24 with chloroacetaldehyde followed by ring closure with KO-t-Bu can provide the cyclized compound 1-25.
• Boc protection of the nitrogen in the 8 position of 1-25 and removal of the benzyl group by hydrogenolysis produces alcohol 1-26, which can be activated with MsCl (e.g., at room temperature in the presence of TEA and a suitable solvent such as CHCI3) and then displaced with an appropriate benzylamine (e.g., coupling with the amine in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile at elevated temperature and then ageing the reaction mixture until completion of the reaction) to afford amine compound 1-27.
• MsCl e.g., at room temperature in the presence of TEA and a suitable solvent such as CHCI3
• an appropriate benzylamine e.g., coupling with the amine in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile at elevated temperature and then ageing the reaction mixture until completion of the reaction
• R* R 8 SO 2 -, R 6 CO-, or R 6 CH 2 -
• Scheme H depicts the synthesis of 8-substituted-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4 ; 6,7,8,9,10- hexahydropyrimido[l,2-c(][l,4]diazepine-2-carboxamides.
• the intermediate compound 1-12 is first deprotected (e.g., by treating with an acid such as TFA), followed by acylation, sulfonylation or reductive amination using standard chemistry to give 1-30. Coupling with the appropriate amine produces the compound 1-31.
• Scheme I depicts the synthesis of 10-substituted-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-6,7,9,10-tetrahydro- 4H-pyrimido[l,2- ⁇ [l,4]oxazepine-2-carboxamides.
• Thioamidation of 4-oxacaprolactam 1-32 with P4S10 followed by treatment with hydroxylamine affords amidoxime 1-33.
• Scheme J depicts a method for preparing 3-hydroxy-4,7-dioxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H- pyrazino[l,2-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamides and 3-hydroxy-4,7,7-trioxo-8,9-dihydro-4H-pyrimido[2,l- d][l,2,5]thiadiazine-2-carboxamides.
• the amino group at the 2-position of pyrimidine carboxamide 1-1 is sulfonylated/acylated with halomethylsufonyl halide/haloacetyl halide to afford sulfonylated/acylated intermediate 1-40, which can then undergo internal alkylation via treatment with cesium carbonate to afford the desired bicyclic 1-41.
• Scheme K depicts a method for preparing 3-hydroxy-4,6-dioxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H- pyrimido[l,6-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamides.
• the Boc-protected aminonitrile 1-42 (which can be prepared from commercially available starting materials using known chemistry) is first treated with hydroxylamine to obtain the corresponding amidoxime, which is then reacted with DMAD and the resulting adduct cyclized to a dihydroxypyrimdine methyl ester at elevated temperature in a suitable solvent.
• the 3 -hydroxy group on the pyrimidine ring can then be protected by treating with benzoyl anhydride to afford 1-43.
• Scheme L depicts an alternative synthesis for the preparation of 3-hydroxy-8,9,9- substituted-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrazino[l,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-2-carboxamides.
• the core hydroxyl group can readily be protected, for instance using a benzyl protection group, and then the nitrogen alkylated with bromoacetonitrile to give the required nitrile 1-46.
• Nitrile 1-46 can then undergo a [3+2]- cycloaddition, typically with concurrent deprotection of the hydroxyl group, to provide tetrazole 1-47 using sodium azide in the presence of catalytic triethylamine hydrochloride in a high boiling solvent like NMP.
• the tetrazole can be alkylated which after deprotection of the hydroxyl group provides isomeric tetrazoles 1-48 and 1-49.
• nitrile 1-46 can be reacted with hydroxylamine to yield an amide oxime, which in turn can be reacted with various anhydrides to provide, following deprotection, the 1,2,4-oxadiazoles 1-50.
• Scheme M depicts additional routes for the preparation of 3-hydroxy-8,9,9-substituted-4- oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrazino[l,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-2-carboxamides.
• substrate 1-3 is alkylated with propargyl bromide to give the alkynee 1-51.
• Alkyne 1-51 can then undergo a [3+2]-cycloaddition with a nitrile oxide generated in situ from a nitro-compound in the presence of an isocyanate and a base, to yield isoxazole 1-52 after deprotection of the hydroxyl group.
• R alkyl
• R 1 R" H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, or together form a heterocycle
• R* H, alkyl, aryl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, etc.
• protection can be achieved by means of conventional protecting groups, such as those described in Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, ed. J.F.W. McOmie, Plenum Press, 1973 and in T. W. Greene & P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, 3 rd edition, 1999, and 2 nd edition, 1991.
• the protecting groups may be removed at a convenient subsequent stage using methods known in the art.
• the interfering group can be introduced into the molecule subsequent to the reaction step of concern.
• Step 1 2- ⁇ l-[(2-Chloroethyl)amino]-l-methylethyl ⁇ -N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5,6- dihydroxypyrimidine-4-carboxamide.
• Step 2 N-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrazino[l,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide
• Step 1 3-(Benzyloxy)-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide.
• Step 2 N-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-8-[(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)methyl]-4-oxo-
• Step 1 3-(Benzyloxy)-8-(cyanomethyl)-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9- tetrahydro-4H-pyrazino[ 1 ,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide.
• Step 2 N-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-8-(2H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl)-6,7,8,9- tetrahydro-4H-pyrazino [ 1 ,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide.
• Step 1 2- ⁇ [(4-Fluorobenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-8-(lH-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl)-
• Step 2 N-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-8-[(l-methyl-lH-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl]-4- oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrazino[l,2- ⁇ ]pyriini(iine-2-carboxamide; N-(4- Fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-8-[(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl]-4-oxo- 6, 7, 8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrazino [ 1 ,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide
• N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-8-[(l-methyl-lH-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl]-4-oxo-6,7,8,9- tetrahydro-4H-pyrazino[l,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide shows: l ⁇ MR (600 MHz, d ⁇ -DMSO) ⁇
• N-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-8-[(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl]-4-oxo-6,7,8,9- tetrahydro-4H-pyrazino[l,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide shows: l ⁇ ⁇ MR (600 MHz, d6-DMSO) ⁇
• Step 1 N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5,6-dihydroxy-2- ⁇ l-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]-l- methylethyl ⁇ pyrimidine-4-carboxamide
• Step 2 N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3 -hydroxy- 10, 10-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,6,7,8,9, 10- hexahydropyrimido [ 1 ,2- ⁇ ] [ 1 ,4] diazepine-2-carboxamide
• N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5,6-dihydroxy-2- ⁇ l-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]-l- methylethyl ⁇ pyrimidine-4-carboxamide prepared as described in Step 1 was dissolved in THF, and treated with triphenylphosphine (1.5 eq.) and DEAD (1.5 eq.).
• Step 1 tert-Butyl 5-thioxo-l,4-diazepane-l-carboxylate tert-Butyl 5-oxo-l,4-diazepane-l-carboxylate, P4S10 (0.2 eq.), HMDO (2 eq.) and dichloromethane were combined and stirred magnetically at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0 0 C and aqueous K2CO3 solution (1.26 mL of 5.3 M/mmol P4S10 taken) was added. A volume of acetone equal to one half of the reaction solvent was added to obtain a stirrable mixture, and the reaction mixture was stirred vigorously for 30 minutes at O 0 C.
• Step 2 tert-Butyl 5-(hydroxyimino)-l,4-diazepane-l-carboxylate A solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2 eq.) in methanol was added to an equimolar methanolic solution of potassium hydroxide. Potassium chloride was filtered off and the filtrate was added to a solution of the above ter/-butyl 5-thioxo-l,4-diazepane-l-carboxylate (1 eq.) in methanol. The mixture was stirred at 55 0 C overnight, then cooled to room temperature and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
• Step 3 8-rert-buryl-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-6,7,9,10-tetrahydropyrimido[l,2- d] [ 1 ,4] diazepine-2, 8(4H)-dicarboxylate.
• Step 4 S-tert-butyl 2-methyl 10-[benzyl(methyl)amino]-3 -hydroxy-4-oxo-6,7,9, 10- tetrahydropyrimidof 1 ,2-d] [ 1 ,4]diazepine-2,8(4H)-dicarboxylate
• Step 5 tot-butyl 2- ⁇ [(4-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -3-hydroxy- 10-(methylamino)-
• Step 6 tert-b ⁇ tyl 10-[[(dimethylamino)(oxo)acetyl](methyl)amino]-2- ⁇ [(4-fluoro-3- methylbenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -3-hydroxy-4-oxo-6,7,9, 10-tetrahydropyrimido[ 1 ,2- fi[][l,4]diazepine-8(4H)-carboxylate.
• Step 7 N-(2- ⁇ [(4-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,6,7,8,9,10- hexahydropyrimido[ 1 ,2-d] [ 1 ,4]diazepin- 10-yl)-N ⁇ V ⁇ V-trimethylethanediamide.
• the compound of Step 6 was stirred in dichloromethane/trifluoroacetic acid (8/2 v/v) for 1 hour, then concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by RP HPLC (Ci 8, 5 ⁇ M, H2 ⁇ /MeC ⁇ with 1% of TFA as eluant) affording desired compound as trifluoroacetic salt.
• N-(8-cyclopropyl-2- ⁇ [(4-fluoro-3 -methylbenzyl)amino] carbonyl ⁇ -3 -hydroxy-4-oxo- 4 5 6 5 7 5 8,9,10-hexahydropyrimido[l,2- ⁇ [l,4]diazepin-10-yl)-N 5 N 5 N-trimethylethanediamide has been resolved into its enantiomers by semipreparative chiral SFC using the following conditions: Solvents: CO2, modifier: MeOH 30%, TFA 0.2 %. Column: Chiracel OD-H 250x10 mm at 9.99 mL/min,
• Step 1 tert-butyl 2- ⁇ [(3 -chloro-4-methylbenzyl)amino] carbonyl ⁇ -3 -hydroxy- 10-(methylamino)-
• Step 2 tert-butyl 2- ⁇ [(3-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -10- [[(dimethylamino)(oxo)acetyl](methyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-6,7,9, 10- tetrahydropyrimido[ 1 ,2-d ⁇ [1 ,4]diazepine-8(4H)-carboxylate.
• Step 3 N-(2- ⁇ [(3-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -8-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-
• N-(2- ⁇ [(3-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -8-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo- 4,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydropyrimido[l,2-tf][l,4]diazepm-10-yl)-N ⁇ V,N l -trimethylethanediamide has been resolved into its enantiomers by semipreparative chiral HPLC using the following conditions: Solvents: a mixture 35:65 0.2%TFA in Hexanes:EtOH. Column: Chiralpack AD column, 250x46 mm at 10.0 mL/min, detected by absorption at 300 run.
• Step 1 Methyl 10-[benzyl(methyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-8-methyl-4-oxo-4,6,7,8,9,10- hexahydropyrimido[ 1 ,2-d ⁇ [ 1 ,4]diazepine-2-carboxylate.
• Step 2 Methyl 10-[[(dimethylamino)(oxo)acetyl](methyl)ammo]-3-hydroxy-8-methyl-4-oxo-
• reaction mixture was refluxed overnight, then cooled to room temperature and purified by RP HPLC (CiS, 5 ⁇ M, H2 ⁇ /MeC ⁇ with 1% of TFA as eluant) affording desired compound (trifluoroacetic salt) as a white solid.
• Step 1 Methyl 10-[benzyl(methyl)amino]-8-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,6,7,8,9, 10- hexahydropyrimido [ 1 ,2-d] [ 1 ,4] diazepine-2-carboxylate.
• Step 2 Methyl 10-[[(dimethylamino)(oxo)acetyl](methyl)amino]-8-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-
• Step 3 N-(8-ethyl-2- ⁇ [(4-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,6,7,8,9,10- hexahydropyrimido[l,2-c(][l,4]diazepin-10-yl)-N ⁇ V,N-trimethylethanediamide.
• Step 1 tert-butyl [(2£)-2-amino-l-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-2-(hydroxyimino)etliyl]carbamate.
• Step 2 Methyl 5-(benzoyloxy)-2- ⁇ 2-(benzyloxy)-l-[(re ⁇ -butoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl ⁇ -6- hydroxypyrimidine-4-carboxylate.
• tert-Butyl [(2 J E)-2-amino-l-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-2-(hydroxyimino)ethyl]carbamate prepared as described in Step 1 was dissolved in chloroform and treated with 1.2 eq. of dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate and the reaction was refluxed for 2.5 hours. After cooling at room temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the solvent switched to xylene. The mixture was heated at 145 0 C for 24 hours.
• Step 3 2-[ 1 -amino-2-(benzyloxy)ethyl]-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5,6-dihydroxypyrimidine-4- carboxamide.
• Step 4 2- ⁇ 2-(benzyloxy)-l-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]ethyl ⁇ -N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5,6- dihydroxypyrimidine-4-carboxamide.
• Step 5 9-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-2- ⁇ [(4-fluorobenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -3-hydroxy-4-oxo-6,7,8,9- tetrahydro-4H-pyrazino[ 1 ,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidin-8-ium trifluoroacetate.
• Step 6 tert-b ⁇ tyl 2- ⁇ [(4-fluorobenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -3 -hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxo-
• Step 7 tert-butyl 9- ⁇ [benzyl(methyl)amino]methyl ⁇ -2- ⁇ [(4-fluorobenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -3 - hydroxy-4-oxo-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-8H-pyrazino[l,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-8-carboxylate.
• the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum at 30 0 C and the solvent switched to dry acetonitrile.
• the insoluble material was filtered off and to the filtrated 5 equivalents of N- benzylmethylamine were added.
• the mixture was warmed at 110°C upon microwave irradiation for 30 minutes then stirred at room temperature for further 36 hours.
• the mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation and the resulting residue, dissolved in the minimum amount of MeOH, was carefully acidified with some drops of glacial acetic acid applied on cation-exchange resin.
• the resin was washed with MeOH and the crude product was eluted with IM ammonia in methanol.
• Step 8 N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-9-[(methylamino)methyl]-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H- pyrazino[l ,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide.
• Step 9 N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-8-methyl-9- ⁇ [methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]methyl ⁇ -4- oxo-6,7 5 8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrazmo[l,2-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide.
• N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-9-[(methylamino)methyl]-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H- pyraz ⁇ io[l,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide was suspended in dry C ⁇ 2CI2 and triethylamine (2.5 eq.), methane sulphonylchloride (1.3 eq.) was slowly added to the solution under nitrogen atmosphere and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and title product was purified RP HPLC (Ci8, 5 ⁇ M, H2 ⁇ /MeC ⁇ with 1% of TFA as eluant).
• Step 1 Methyl 8-acetyl-3-(acetyloxy)-4-oxo-4,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydropyrimido[l,2-
• Step 2 8-Acetyl-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydropyrimido[l,2- d ⁇ [ 1 ,4]diazepine-2-carboxamide.
• the mixture of products obtained in Step 1 was taken in methanol and treated with 2.5 equivalents of p-fluorobenzylamine. The resulting mixture was refluxed for 24 hours, then cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• the crude material was purified by RP HPLC (C 18, 5 ⁇ M, H2 ⁇ /MeCN with 1% of TFA as eluant). Lyophilization of appropriate fractions gave title compound as a white solid.
• Step 1 l,4-Oxazepane-5-thione l,4-Oxazepan-5-one, P4S10 (0.2 eq.), ⁇ MDO (2 eq.) and dichloromethane were combined and stirred magnetically at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0 0 C and aqueous K2CO3 solution (1.26 mL of 5.3 M/mmol P4S10 taken) was added. A volume of acetone equal to one half of the reaction solvent was added to obtain a stirrable mixture, and the reaction mixture was stirred vigorously for 30 minutes at 0 0 C.
• Step 2 l,4-oxazepan-5-one oxime
• Step 4 Methyl 10-[ben2yl(methyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-6,7,9, 10-tetrahydro-4H- pyrimido[l,2-uTj[l,4]oxazepine-2-carboxylate.
• Step 5 N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-10-(methylamino)-4-oxo-6,7,9,10-tetrahydro-4H- pyrimido[l ,2-d] [ 1 ,4]oxazepine-2-carboxamide.
• Step 6 N-(2- ⁇ [(4-fluorobenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -3-hydroxy-4-oxo-6,7,9,10-tetrahydro-4H- pyrimido [ 1 ,2-d] [ 1 ,4]oxazepin- 10-yl)-N ⁇ V JV-trimethylethanediamide.
• N-(2- ⁇ [(4-fluorobenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -3-hydroxy-4-oxo-6,7,9,10-tetrahydro-4H- pyrimido [ 1 ,2-d] [ 1 ,4] oxazepin- 10-yl)-NN,N-trimethylethanediarnide has been resolved into its enantiomers by semipreparative chiral ⁇ PLC using the following conditions: Solvents: a mixture 40:60
• Step 1 2-(l- ⁇ [(chloromethyl)sulfonyl]amino ⁇ -l-methylethyl)-4- ⁇ [(4- fluorobenzyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -6-hydroxypyrimidin-5-yl chloromethanesulfonate.
• 2-(l -amino- l-methylethyl)-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5,6- dihydroxypyrimidine-4-carboxamide hydrochloride prepared as described in WO2003035076 Al
• triethylamine (4 eq.
• Step 2 N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-8,9-dihydro-4H-pyrimido[2,l- d] [ 1 ,2,5]thiadiazine-2-carboxamide 7,7-dioxide.
• Step 1 tert-Butyl [3-amino-3-(hydroxyimino)propyl]benzylcarbamate
• Step 3 / 1 ert-Butyl ben2yl[2-(4- ⁇ [(4-fluoroben2yl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -5,6-dihydroxypyrimidin-2- yl)ethyl]carbamate.

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