EP1863959B1 - Verbesserungen bei abstandsstoffen - Google Patents

Verbesserungen bei abstandsstoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1863959B1
EP1863959B1 EP06726385.5A EP06726385A EP1863959B1 EP 1863959 B1 EP1863959 B1 EP 1863959B1 EP 06726385 A EP06726385 A EP 06726385A EP 1863959 B1 EP1863959 B1 EP 1863959B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fabric
surface layer
threads
spacer
layer
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP06726385.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1863959A1 (de
Inventor
George Keitch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mothercare Global Brand Ltd
RELYON Ltd
Heathcoat Fabrics Ltd
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Relyon Ltd
Heathcoat Fabrics Ltd
Mothercare UK Ltd
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Publication of EP1863959A1 publication Critical patent/EP1863959A1/de
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/02—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features
    • D04B21/04—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features characterised by thread material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/02—Moisture-responsive characteristics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/01—Surface features
    • D10B2403/011—Dissimilar front and back faces
    • D10B2403/0112—One smooth surface, e.g. laminated or coated
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/021—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
    • D10B2403/0213—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics with apertures, e.g. with one or more mesh fabric plies
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2503/00—Domestic or personal
    • D10B2503/06—Bed linen
    • D10B2503/062—Fitted bedsheets

Definitions

  • This invention relates to spacer fabrics and more particularly to a novel spacer fabric and a mattress cover and composite mattress construction produced therefrom.
  • Spacer fabrics have opposite face structures united and held in spaced disposition by linking spacing threads.
  • Spacer fabrics are known, for example, from GB2042003 , which describes a liquid absorbing textile product, WO95/16416 which describes a compression bandage, WO95/12018 which describes clothing articles, US5896758 which describes a fabric for footwear and backpacks, WO99/05990 which describes a prosthetic fabric, WO96/01602 which describes a mat, and US5834382 which describes a high temperature resistant covering.
  • GB2042003 which describes a liquid absorbing textile product
  • WO95/16416 which describes a compression bandage
  • WO95/12018 which describes clothing articles
  • US5896758 which describes a fabric for footwear and backpacks
  • WO99/05990 which describes a prosthetic fabric
  • WO96/01602 which describes a mat
  • US5834382 which describes a high temperature resistant covering.
  • a flexible spacer material which comprises a fabric, providing a liquid permeable and breathable upper surface and a heat and liquid dissipating spacer layer, and a liquid impermeable lower surface layer.
  • the spacer material is used for the production of mattress covers and more particularly for cot mattresses for babies and young children.
  • a flexible spacer fabric having a liquid permeable and breathable upper surface layer, the upper surface layer comprising a knitted mesh wherein the average width of the mesh strands in the upper surface layer is from 0.1 mm to 4 mm and wherein the ratio of average hole diameter to average strand width is from 4:1 to 1:2, a heat and liquid dissipating spacer layer, and a dimensionally stable lower surface layer.
  • Cot mattresses produced using the spacer materials and fabrics described in GB2305191B , EP1204791B and GB2352735B have vastly improved properties over conventional cot mattresses and the products, sold under the name SLEEPRIGHT (RTM) cot mattress by Mothercare UK Limited, have proved to be commercially extremely successful.
  • cot mattresses for infants that are extremely important include breathability, which gives an improved safety factor for the cot mattress, and air flow, which reduces the risk of over-heating, thereby leading to greater comfort for the infant. Also important are the liquid transport properties of the fabric, which ideally should enable rapid conveyance of body fluids away from the body region, reducing discomfort for the infant.
  • a further factor that influences the acceptability of a cot mattress is the "feel" of the fabric surface, which should preferably be smooth and soft to the touch.
  • the existing fabric has an upper surface layer comprising a knitted mesh which does not sit flat to the surface and does not have a soft "woven fabric" handle and feel.
  • the properties of breathability, air flow and liquid transport are inextricably linked to surface design and it has hitherto been found very difficult to provide improved softness of feel and handle without prejudicing the other desirable properties of the cot mattress. Attempts to improve the soft feel of the upper surface layer by brushing, for example, have not proved to be successful.
  • the present invention provides a flexible spacer fabric having a smooth, relatively flat, upper surface comprising a knitted mesh that emulates the soft feel and handle of a woven fabric, whilst substantially maintaining, or enhancing, the above-mentioned other desirable properties.
  • the present invention provides a flexible spacer fabric, the fabric having a liquid permeable and breathable upper surface layer, a heat and liquid dissipating spacer layer, and a dimensionally stable lower surface layer, wherein the upper surface layer comprises a knitted mesh comprising sinusoidal mesh strands extending in parallel across the upper face of the fabric, said strands being spaced apart and linked at adjacent points by one or more straight threads forming holes, bounded by the mesh strands and threads, of generally oval shape, wherein the average width of the mesh strands in the upper surface layer is from 0.1 mm to 4 mm, and the parallel sinusoidal strands are offset from one another lengthwise, such that a peak of one strand faces a trough or an adjacent strand, characterised in that facing peaks and troughs are joined by four or more threads, to form the oval-shaped holes.
  • the upper surface layer comprises a knitted mesh comprising sinusoidal mesh strands extending in parallel across the upper face of the fabric, said strand
  • the invention provides a mattress cover which comprises a flexible spacer fabric according to the invention and a liquid impermeable lower surface layer.
  • the invention provides a cot mattress comprising a foam plastics core or a spring mattress core and a cover comprising an outer layer of flexible spacer fabric according to the first aspect of the invention and a liquid impermeable inner layer.
  • Preferred fibres for use in the upper surface layer are multifilament synthetic yarns.
  • Suitable synthetic fibres include polyesters and polyamides, although polyesters are preferred, due to their greater heat stability.
  • Preferred multi-filament yarns have a dTex of from 40 to 340, more preferably from 40 to 180.
  • the upper surface layer is preferably such that liquids and air can easily pass there through and into the spacer layer and the spacer fabric is preferably such that it has an ability to conduct liquid away from the surface and dissipate it through the fabric structure, and such that it permits passage of air through the structure.
  • the upper surface layer is preferably a warp knitted mesh, having generally oval-shaped holes as hereinbefore described of a size such that liquids can pass therethrough.
  • the mesh size of the upper surface layer is preferably as large as possible to allow for drainage and ventilation purposes, but should not be so large as to cause discomfort when placed next to the skin.
  • the oval-shaped holes preferably have a length of from 3.5 to 4.5 mm and a width of from 2 to 3 mm.
  • a mesh having an average hole area of from 7 to 9 mm 2 , preferably around 8 mm 2 has been found to give particularly good results.
  • the average width of the individual sinusoidal mesh strands in the upper surface layer is from 0.1 to 4 mm, preferably from 0.5 to 3mm, such as, for example, about 1 to 2 mm.
  • Each mesh strand preferably comprises from 4 to 6 fibres in the strand.
  • the sinusoidal mesh strands preferably have a periodicity (distance between successive peaks or troughs) of from 4 to 8mm, preferably from 5 to 7mm, for example, about 6mm.
  • the ratio of the average area of a hole of the mesh to the average width of a mesh strand in the upper surface layer is from 9:1 to 7:2, for example, 5:1.
  • the oval-shaped holes are formed by one or more threads joining adjacent sinusoidal mesh strands together.
  • the parallel sinusoidal strands are offset from one another lengthwise, such that a peak of one strand faces a trough of an adjacent strand.
  • the peaks and troughs of adjacent strands are preferably spaced apart by a distance of at least 0.25mm, more preferably from 0.4 to 1.2mm and most preferably from 0.5 to 1.0mm.
  • the threads are preferably parallel, and preferably of length from 0.4 to 1.2mm, most preferably 0.5 to 1.0mm.
  • Preferably the threads have a dTex of from 40 to 180.
  • the upper surface layer of the spacer fabric is such that liquids of viscosity of at least 20 x 10 -3 N/m (20 dynes per centimetre) and more preferably of at least 30 x 10 -3 N/m (30 dynes per centimetre) can pass through the upper surface and into the spacer layer without lying on the surface.
  • the upper surface of the spacer fabric has a grade of less than 1 when tested in accordance with the Oil Repellency Rating AATCC test method 118-1989.
  • the breathability of the upper surface layer is preferably such that, when placed face down on the fabric, a baby can continue to breath relatively normally.
  • a suitable air permeability test providing a measure of the breathability of a fabric, i.e. the ease with which air passes through the fabric structure, is BS 4578:1970 (1991) Measurement of Restriction of Airflow.
  • the spacer fabric has a value of less than 5 mm H2O, more preferably less than 2.0mm H 2 O, most preferably less than 1mm H 2 O, when tested in accordance with BS 4578:1970 (1991).
  • the upper surface layer comprises a warp knitted mesh of multifilament yarns.
  • wicking fibre is intended to mean a fibre which, by virtue of its shape and configuration, and/or filament dTex, has inherent wicking properties, whereby liquid can be transported along the fibre by capillary action.
  • wicking construction is intended to mean a fibre construction, comprising two or more fibres, which construction has inherent wicking properties, whereby liquid can be transported along the fibre construction by capillary action.
  • Preferred wicking fibres for use in the upper surface layer are multifilament synthetic fibre yarns sold for their inherent wickability. Such fibres have enhanced capillary action by virtue of their shape and configuration.
  • the enhanced wicking properties of so-called wicking fibres can be achieved, for example, by various different fibre cross-sectional structures, preferably providing at least one longitudinal channel which permits faster liquid transport by capillary action.
  • All wicking fibres have a capability of wicking at a significantly greater rate and to a greater distance than conventional multifilament fibres of similar dTex. They can, for example, have a complex cross-section which provides a plurality of longitudinal channels to conduct liquid along the fibre at a rate and distance greater than a comparable conventional multifilament fibre with a circular cross-section.
  • Fabrics knitted from inherently wicking fibres can have a drying rate of up to 20%, more preferably 30% and most preferably 50% faster than cotton, and up to 5%, and more preferably 10%, faster than conventional synthetic fibres.
  • a fabric made from an inherently wicking fibre has a moisture loss of at least 5%, more preferably at least 10%, greater than a fabric made from a conventional synthetic fibre having a circular cross-section after 30 minutes.
  • Suitable synthetic fibre yarns include polyesters and polyamides, although polyesters are preferred, due to their greater heat stability.
  • Preferred multi-filament yarns have a dTex of from 40 to 340, more preferably from 40 to 180.
  • An example of a suitable wicking fibre is CoolMaxTM, which is a four channel DacronTM polyester fibre with a special cross-sectional structure comprising three intersecting circles manufactured by Du Pont.
  • Another potentially suitable wicking fibre is CoolMax AltaTM, also manufactured by Du Pont.
  • Wicking fibre constructions that can be used in the upper surface layer usually comprise two or more synthetic fibres of different dTex, knitted in layers.
  • a typical wicking fibre construction comprises an upper layer of a relatively coarse fibre and a lower layer of a relatively fine fibre or microfilament.
  • Suitable synthetic fibres for the wicking fibre construction include polyesters and polyamides, although polyesters are preferred due to their greater heat stability.
  • the wicking fibre construction can, for example, comprises an upper layer of a coarse multifilament yarn having a filament dTex of from 6 to 3, and a lower layer of a microfilament yarn having a dTex of from 1.1 to 0.3.
  • the upper surface layer can also aid liquid transport by allowing liquids to pass through itself into the spacer layer.
  • At least the upper surface layer of the spacer fabric can also comprise an anti-bacterial yarn which is preferably of the type that also retards the growth of mould, mildew and fungus. Incorporation of an inlay of the anti-bacterial yarn can provide a safer and more hygienic spacer fabric.
  • Other inlays which can be used include, for example, thermoregulating fibres.
  • the linking threads of the spacer layer preferably comprise a mono-filament yarn which traverses back and forth between the upper and lower surfaces.
  • the air volume of the spacer layer can be increased, providing improved air permeability and heat dissipation.
  • the number of mono-filament linker threads in the spacer layer is preferably from 100 to 400 threads per square centimetre, for example about 286 threads per square centimetre.
  • each pair, or group, of threads in the spacer layer can be individually spaced apart and perpendicularly arranged with respect to the upper and lower surface layers, they are preferably arranged such that each pair, or group, of threads is in the form of a V-shape, when the fabric is viewed in cross-section, with the angle of the V preferably being from 5° to 55°, for example about 27° to about 32°.
  • the V-shaped pairs or groups of threads can form a zig-zag pattern, and each individual thread can have a horizontal midsection which is inlaid into the upper surface layer.
  • linking threads are arranged in V-shaped formations.
  • the linking threads preferably have a sufficient stiffness to resist complete crushing of the fabric by the distributed weight of a baby, and yet have sufficient resilience to impart springiness or "give" to the fabric for comfort.
  • Preferred mono-filament yarns for use as linking threads have a dTex of from 22 to 115, and can be made, for example, from a polyamide such as Nylon, a polypropylene, or most preferably, a polyester.
  • the spacer fabric of the invention is such that the spacer layer requires a work of compression, as measured by BS 4098:1975 of at least 50 J/metre 2 , preferably at least 60 J/metre 2 , with a maximum of around 350J/m 2 and a thickness recovery of at least 50%, preferably at least 75%, and a compression recovery of at least 65%, preferably at least 75%.
  • the spacer fabric of the invention is such that in the spacer layer the ratio of the volume of free space to the volume of linker threads is greater than 40, preferably greater than 100.
  • the upper surface layer has a construction wherein the mono-filament linker threads of the spacer layer are effectively surrounded by softer multi-filament yarns in order to give a still softer surface feel.
  • This construction can be achieved, for example, using a Liba-DPL machine, and a combination of closed and open stitches relative to the different yarns and threads.
  • an open stitch is applied to the surface multi-filament yarns, and a closed stitch to the mono-filament linker threads.
  • the surface mesh is fully supported by the mono-filament linker threads.
  • the dimensionally stable lower surface layer of the spacer fabric of the invention is preferably knitted with stitches having a plurality of loops, which can be achieved, for example, by using two guide bars instead of one, and using a Liba-DPLM machine.
  • the number of stitches is reflected in the gauge of the knitting machine used, and preferably the machine has a gauge of at least 16 and preferably 16, 22, 24, or 28.
  • dimensionally stable is meant that the lower surface layer retains its integrity even after washing and crumpling.
  • the lower surface of the spacer fabric is provided with a liquid impermeable layer which can be obtained, for example, by direct coating of the lower surface of the fabric with a liquid-impermeable polymeric material, by impregnation of a liquid-impermeable polymeric material, or by transfer coating, or laminating a film of liquid-impermeable polymeric material thereto, to provide a tightly adherent, liquid-impermeable, backing layer or impregnated layer.
  • the liquid-impermeable layer is provided by laminating a flexible backing layer of a suitable polymeric material, for example, a polyurethane film, to the lower surface of the fabric by means of an adhesive.
  • a suitable polymeric material for example, a polyurethane film
  • the layer of polymeric material is preferably from 10 to 30 microns in thickness, and good results and good flexibility have been achieved using a 25 micron thick polyurethane layer.
  • Other polymeric film materials such as, for example, polyethylene and polyvinylchloride may also be used in appropriate circumstances.
  • an adhesive is used for laminating
  • this may be solvent or heat activated, or cold-cured but the amount of heat and pressure used in the lamination process must neither be sufficient to compress the resultant laminate unduly, nor to cause permanent damage thereto.
  • the adhesive when set, forms a flexible film in order to prevent crumpling and flexing of the material without cracking of the film.
  • the backing layer achieves a pass as waterproof when tested in accordance with BS EN 20811:1992.
  • the backing layer is preferably such that it can be repeatedly machine washed and dried in a tumble dryer without undue shrinkage or permanent damage thereto.
  • the lower surface layer of the spacer fabric is preferably a multi-filament or spun-filament warp knitted fabric, and, for example, there may be used a multi-filament yarn having a dTex of from 40 to 230, for example, about 78 dTEX.
  • Polyamide or polyester yarns are examples of suitable multifilament yarns which can be used, although polyester yarns are preferred.
  • the spacer fabric as a whole should of course have a high wickability, which is defined as the ability of the fabric to conduct liquid away from the area of initial contact and form a relatively thin liquid film within the fabric structure. Wickability of the fabric as a whole can be measured in accordance with TTM 1428:92 (FDC.348) by suspending test specimens from spring clips vertically over a beaker of distilled water and measuring the height to which the liquid rises in a given time.
  • the spacer fabric is such that the wicked liquid rises to a height of at least 50mm, preferably at least 100mm, when tested in both the warp and weft directions, in a time of 30 minutes. Prior to testing the specimens are conditioned for a minimum of 16 hours in a standard atmosphere of 20°C/65% Relative Humidity ⁇ 2.
  • a further measure of the ability of the spacer fabric to conduct liquid away from its surface and dissipate it through the fabric structure is a water dispersion test in which a solution containing a suitable dye is used to measure the spread of liquid into and through the fabric. In this test, a measured amount of liquid (0.5ml) is applied to the fabric upper surface. The dimensions of the area stained due to the spread of liquid are measured over time. In a preferred spacer fabric in accordance with the invention the dimensions of the spread of water containing dye are at least 5.5cm by 2.5cm and the spread of liquid reaches near equilibrium in about 15 minutes.
  • the fabric preferably has good heat dissipation, such that it can dissipate heat rapidly away from a hot body.
  • the fabric is such that the temperature of the fabric when placed under a hot plate with an initial temperature of 34°C does not exceed 25°C and more preferably 22°C after 10 minutes.
  • the spacer fabric makes less noise when its surface is rubbed softly, thereby improving the comfort of a cot mattress produced therefrom by reducing rustling.
  • a cot mattress can be formed by providing a mattress core, a mattress cover comprising a spacer fabric according to the invention, and a liquid impermeable layer therebetween.
  • a mattress core which can be either a foam plastics core or a sprung interior mattress core, can be provided with a liquid impermeable waterproof underlay, and the spacer fabric of the invention can be formed into a removable mattress cover therefor.
  • An advantage of this construction is that the spacer fabric without the waterproof laminated layer is likely to be more resistant to creasing and distortion when washed at high temperatures.
  • the mattress core is preferably completely enclosed with a waterproof film layer in .order to prevent liquids from reaching the core. Complete enclosure of a foam mattress core, for example, by the use of a water proof plastics underlay, is important, since if the mattress becomes wet it can form depressions which do not recover when dry.
  • the resistance of a laminated mattress cover according to a further aspect of the invention, wherein the cover comprises the spacer fabric and a waterproof plastics backing layer, to distortion and creasing during a 60°c wash, may be improved by cross-linking the plastics layer, either before or after the lamination step.
  • Cross-linking can be carried out by, for example, electron beam irradiation, chemical cross-linking, or other techniques known to the art.
  • cross-linking of the waterproof backing can be applied to laminated mattress covers according to the present invention, and also to the backing layer of laminated spacer materials produced in accordance with GB2305191B .
  • the foam plastics core or body of a foam mattress according to the invention preferably comprises an open cell polymeric foam material, for example, foamed polyurethane, and very good results have been obtained using Vitafoam (RTM), a polyurethane foam comprising Melamine as a fire retardant additive.
  • RTM Vitafoam
  • the foam plastics core or body is permeable to air, although with certain spacer materials of high breatheability this may not be essential. Perforation of the foam plastics core is not usually required.
  • the spacer fabric is used as a mattress cover or mattress protector, it is preferably removable from the mattress core or body for washing purposes and, for example, the cover material or mattress protector may be a loose cover, or provided with a zip at one or more edge regions to permit such removal.
  • the spacer fabric as the top surface layer only of the mattress, the sides and lower surfaces being made of cheaper standard mattress cover fabric material.
  • the mattress achieves a pass under BS Standard 7177 for Resistance to Ignition of Mattresses, Divans and Bed Bases, and BS Standard 1877 Fire Retardancy Test for Mattresses and Bumpers for Childrens' Cots, Perambulators and Similar Domestic Articles and is devoid of fire retardant additives comprising antimony, phosphorus or arsenic.
  • Spacer fabrics can be knitted, for example, on Raschelmachines with two needle bars. Depending upon the nature of the spacer fabric and its physical requirements, a minimum of four guide bars, and normally four to six or more guide bars, are used. In addition to the requirements set out hereto, the thickness of the yarn used for the spacer threads is influenced by the distance between the upper and lower surfaces, the desired softness of the upper surface and whether the central layer is knitted with one guide bar or with two guide bars knitting in opposition to each other. The manufacturing methods for spacer fabrics are discussed in the brochure " Spacer Fabrics - Manufacturing Methods and Applications" published in 1994 by Karl Mayer Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH. In the spacer fabrics of the present invention, the distance between the upper and lower surfaces, that is, the width of the spacer layer, is preferably from 2 to 6mm, more preferably about 3mm.
  • a spacer fabric not necessarily in accordance with the invention but which may aid in its comprehension is knitted on a RD6N machine using two needle bars and six guide bars.
  • the sequence of operation is as follows: GUIDE BAR 1 6-6-3-3/0-0-3-3/6-6-3-3/0-0-3-3/6-6-4-4/13-3-6-6/9-9-6-6/3-3-5-5// GUIDE BAR 2 3-3-6-6/9-9-6-6/3-3-6-6/9-9-6-6/3-3-4-4/6-6-3-3/0-0-3-3/6-6-3-3/0-0-3/6-6-4-4/// GUIDE BAR 3 1-0-0-0/0-1-1-1// GUIDE BAR 4 1-0-2-3/1-0-2-3// GUIDE BAR 5 2-3-1-0/2-3-1-0// GUIDE BAR 6 0-0-0-2/2-2-2-0// Guide bars 1 and 2 form the top mesh surface.
  • Guide bars 4 and 5 could have different movements for the linking threads, which could in an alternative manufacturing method use only one instead of two guide bars. It would also be possible to use two half set guide bars in opposition instead of one.
  • Guide bars 5 and 6 could again have different movements for the production of different fabric backing types.
  • Eg. 0-1 is a movement over one needle.
  • 0-2 is a movement over two needles.
  • the numbers between the / marks represent the movement with respect to a needle bar or bars.
  • Eg. 1-0-1-2// will mean the guide bar knitting over both needle bars (to use the linking threads).
  • 1-0-1-1// will mean the guide bar knitting only on one needle bed, as there is no movement (2-2) on the second needle bar.
  • the yarn dTEX thickness
  • the resultant spacer fabric has a thickness of 3mm, an upper surface mesh hole average area of 8mm 2 and an average mesh strand width of 1.5mm.
  • the spacer fabric can be slit to 60cm wide and made up into a zip-off cover for a cot mattress.
  • the foam core of the cot mattress is a 10cm thick polyurethane foam material of grade 35M.
  • polyester yarns used in the manufacture of the spacer fabric exemplified, and the polyurethane foam of the mattress core are chosen to be substantially free of arsenic and antimony, and to contain less than 12 parts per million, preferably to be substantially free, of phosphorus.
  • the comparison fabric is a fabric produced in accordance with GB2305191B , EP1204791B and GB2352735B .
  • the air flow restriction of the spacer material mattress cover of the invention is still very low (3.1 mm H 2 O).
  • Liquid flow from the surface of the fabric into the structure of the fabric is measured according to AATCC test method 118-1989.
  • the new fabric had an initial rating less than 1, which indicates that liquids of all tested viscosities soaked into the fabric structure and proves liquid would not sit on the fabric surface. After washing and dry cleaning the rating was still less than 1.
  • Test specimens are suspended over a beaker of distilled water and the height to which the liquid rises is measured over time.
  • the new fabric and the comparison are tested in both fabric directions.
  • Wettability was tested in accordance with BS 4554:1970. Initially both the new fabric and the comparison were wetted in less than one second. After washing the new fabric wetted in from three to 27 seconds.
  • a mattress made from a fabric in accordance with the invention is tested for fire retardancy to the standard laid down in the Furniture and Furnishing (Fire Safety) Regulations 1988. The result is a pass.
  • the spacer fabric illustrated generally at 1 has an upper face 2 comprising a warp knitted multifilament mesh having parallel sinusoidal strands 3 of width 2mm and periodicity (distance between successive peaks or troughs) of 6mm.
  • the parallel sinusoidal strands are offset from each other such that a peak 4 of one strand is adjacent a trough 5 of an adjacent strand.
  • Adjacent peaks 4 and troughs 5 of the strands are joined by four straight threads 6 of length 0.5 to 0.6mm, forming oval holes 7 of length 4mm and width 2.5mm.
  • the strands 3 lie flat to the surface of the spacer fabric such that the fabric has a smooth, comfortable feel and are spaced apart to give a soft handle to the fabric.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown the spacer layer 8, having monofilament polyester spacer threads 9, disposed in generally V-shaped groups 10, with an acute angle a, as illustrated, between threads of opposed inclination.
  • the lower surface 11 of the spacer fabric 1 is knitted from multifilament polyester threads to form a substantially dimensionally stable layer.
  • Individual spacer linking threads such as 12, illustrated as a thicker line, have sections 13, 14, angled in opposed directions, and a horizontal midsection 15 which is inlaid in the upper surface layer 2.

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  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)

Claims (25)

  1. Flexibles Abstandshaltergewebe (1), wobei das Gewebe (1) eine flüssigkeitsdurchlässige und atmungsaktive obere Oberflächenschicht (2), eine wärme- und flüssigkeitsableitende Abstandshalterschicht (8) und eine formstabile untere Oberflächenschicht (11) aufweist, wobei die obere Oberflächenschicht (2) ein gestricktes Geflecht umfasst, das sinusförmige Flechtsträhnen (3) umfasst, die sich parallel über die obere Seite des Gewebes (1) erstrecken, wobei die Strähnen voneinander beabstandet und an benachbarten Punkten (5) durch ein oder mehr gerade Fäden (6), die Löcher (7) bilden, verbunden sind, begrenzt durch die Flechtsträhnen (3) und Fäden mit im Allgemeinen ovaler Form, wobei die durchschnittliche Breite der Flechtsträhnen (3) in der oberen Oberflächenschicht (2) 0,1 mm bis 4 mm beträgt, und
    die parallelen sinusförmigen Strähnen (3) voneinander der Länge nach versetzt sind, so dass eine Spitze einer Strähne (3) einem Tal einer benachbarten Strähne (3) zugewandt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zugewandte Spitzen und Täler durch vier oder mehr Fäden verbunden sind, um die ovalen Löcher (7) zu bilden.
  2. Gewebe (1) nach Anspruch 1,
    wobei die obere Oberflächenschicht (2) ein gestricktes Kettgeflecht aus synthetischen Fasern umfasst; oder
    wobei die durchschnittliche Länge eines Lochs (7) im Geflecht 3,5 bis 4,5 mm beträgt und die durchschnittliche Breite eines Lochs (7) 2 bis 3 mm beträgt; oder
    wobei die Fläche des Flechtdurchschnittslochs (7) 7 bis 9 mm2 beträgt; oder
    wobei die durchschnittliche Breite der sinusförmigen Flechtsträhnen (3) in der oberen Oberflächenschicht (2) 0,5 bis 3 mm beträgt; oder
    wobei die Periodizität der sinusförmigen Flechtsträhnen (3) 4 bis 8 mm beträgt.
  3. Gewebe (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Spitzen und Täler von benachbarten Strähnen (3) mit einem Abstand von 0,4 bis 1,2 mm beabstandet sind.
  4. Gewebe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Fäden wenigstens eines von Folgenden sind:
    parallel; oder
    mit einer Länge von 0,4 bis 1,2 mm.
  5. Gewebe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Verhältnis der Durchschnittslochfläche zur Durchschnittsbreite der Flechtsträhnen (3) in der oberen Oberflächenschicht (2) 9:1 bis 7:2 beträgt.
  6. Gewebe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die obere Oberflächenschicht (2) aus synthetischem Mehrfachfadengarn gestrickt ist.
  7. Gewebe (1) nach Anspruch 6, wobei das Mehrfachfadengarn einen dTEX von 40 bis 180 aufweist.
  8. Gewebe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei die obere Oberflächenschicht (2) so ist, dass Flüssigkeiten mit einer Viskosität von wenigstens 30 x 10-3 N/m durch die obere Oberfläche (2) und in die Abstandshalterschicht (8) gelangen können, ohne auf der Oberfläche (2) zu liegen; oder
    wobei die obere Oberfläche (2) des Gewebes (1) einen Grad von weniger als 1 aufweist, wenn sie gemäß dem Ölabweisung messenden Testverfahren AATTC 118-1989 gemessen wird; oder
    die einen Wert von weniger als 2,0 mm H2O von Wasser aufweist, wenn sie gemäß BS4578:1970 gemessen wird.
  9. Gewebe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die obere Oberflächenschicht (2) Schweiß transportierende Fasern oder eine Schweiß transportierende Faserstruktur umfasst.
  10. Gewebe (1) nach Anspruch 9, wobei die Schweiß transportierenden Fasern synthetisches Mehrfachfadenfasergarn umfassen.
  11. Gewebe (1) nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, wobei die Schweiß transportierenden Mehrfachfadenfasergarne einen dTEX von 40 bis 180 aufweisen.
  12. Gewebe (1) nach Anspruch 9, wobei die Schweiß transportierende Faserstruktur eine obere Schicht aus einem groben Mehrfachfadengarn mit einem Filament-dTEX von 6 bis 3 und eine untere Schicht aus einem Mikrofilamentgarn mit einem dTEX von 1, 1 bis 0,3 umfasst.
  13. Gewebe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die verbindenden Fäden der Abstandshalterschicht (8) lediglich aus einem Einzelfasergarn bestehen.
  14. Gewebe (1) nach Anspruch 13, wobei die Anzahl von Einzelfaser verbindenden Fäden in der Abstandshalterschicht (8) 100 bis 400 Fäden pro Quadratzentimeter beträgt.
  15. Gewebe (1) nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, wobei die Einzelfaserfäden so angeordnet sind, dass jedes Paar, oder jede Gruppe, von Fäden eine V-Form aufweist.
  16. Gewebe (1) nach Anspruch 15, wobei ein Winkel des V 5° bis 55° beträgt.
  17. Gewebe (1) nach Anspruch 15 oder 16, wobei im Wesentlichen 100% der verbindenden Fäden in V-förmigen Formationen angeordnet sind.
  18. Abstandshaltergewebe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17,
    wobei individuelle Einzelfaser verbindende Fäden Abschnitte aufweisen, die in entgegengesetzte Richtungen gewinkelt sind, und einen mittleren Abschnitt, der in die obere Oberflächenschicht (2) eingelegt ist; oder
    wobei die Einzelfaser verbindenden Fäden einen dTEX von 22 bis 115 aufweisen; oder
    wobei die Einzelfaser verbindenden Fäden Polyester umfassen; oder
    wobei die obere Oberflächenschicht (2) eine Struktur aufweist, wobei die Einzelfaser verbindenden Fäden der Abstandshalterschicht (8) von weicherem Mehrfachfadengarn umgeben sind; oder
    so dass die Abstandshalterschicht (8) eine Verdichtungsarbeit, wie sie von BS4098:1975 gemessen wird, von wenigstens 60 J/m2 erfordert; oder
    das eine Stärke-Rückverformung, wie sie von BS4098:1975 gemessen wird, von wenigstens 75% aufweist; oder
    das eine Kompressions-Rückverformung, wie sie von BS4098:1975 gemessen wird, von wenigstens 75% aufweist; oder
    so dass in der Abstandshalterschicht (8) das Verhältnis des Volumens von freiem Raum zum Volumen von verbindenden Fäden größer als 100 ist; oder
    wobei die formstabile untere Oberflächenschicht (11) mit Stichen gestrickt ist, die eine Mehrzahl von Schlaufen aufweisen.
  19. Gewebe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die untere Oberflächenschicht (11) ein gestricktes Mehrfachfaden- oder Spinnfaden-Kettgewebe umfasst.
  20. Gewebe (1) nach Anspruch 19, wobei ein Mehrfachfadengarn mit einem dTEX von 40 bis 230 verwendet wird.
  21. Gewebe (1) nach Anspruch 19 oder 20, wobei das Mehrfachfadengarn Polyester umfasst.
  22. Matratzenbezug, der ein flexibles Abstandshaltergewebe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21 und eine flüssigkeitsundurchlässige untere Oberflächenschicht (11) umfasst.
  23. Matratzenbezug nach Anspruch 22, wobei die flüssigkeitsundurchlässige untere Oberflächenschicht (11) auf das Abstandshaltergewebe (1) geschichtet ist.
  24. Kinderbettmatratze, die einen Schaumstoffkern oder einen Sprungfedermatratzenkern und einen Bezug umfasst, der eine äußere Schicht aus flexiblem Abstandshaltergewebe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21 und eine flüssigkeitsundurchlässige innere Schicht umfasst.
  25. Kinderbettmatratze nach Anspruch 24, wobei der Matratzenkern ein offenzelliges Polymerschaummaterial umfasst.
EP06726385.5A 2005-03-22 2006-03-13 Verbesserungen bei abstandsstoffen Active EP1863959B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0505839A GB2425131B (en) 2005-03-22 2005-03-22 Improvements in or relating to spacer fabrics
PCT/GB2006/000896 WO2006100434A1 (en) 2005-03-22 2006-03-13 Improvements in or relating to spacer fabrics

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EP1863959A1 EP1863959A1 (de) 2007-12-12
EP1863959B1 true EP1863959B1 (de) 2019-08-21

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DE102008027856A1 (de) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-24 W. L. Gore & Associates Gmbh Schuh mit Belüftung im unteren Schaftbereich und dafür verwendbares luftdurchlässiges Abstandsgebilde
CN104141197B (zh) * 2014-07-21 2017-05-24 江南大学 一种双针床经编机生产弹性间隔织物的方法
CN104372512A (zh) * 2014-11-04 2015-02-25 常熟神花针织有限公司 经编水貂绒织物的加工方法
CN105671787B (zh) * 2016-03-29 2020-05-19 东莞市长立纺织科技有限公司 一种可透气的编织物
US11427942B2 (en) 2016-09-30 2022-08-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Non-planar nonwoven fabrics and methods of making the same
FR3068579B1 (fr) 2017-07-07 2021-10-29 Oreal Article cosmetique
WO2019185161A1 (fr) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 L'oreal Article tel qu'une houppette
KR102418936B1 (ko) * 2018-03-29 2022-07-07 로레알 코스메틱 물품
DE112021005682T5 (de) * 2021-04-11 2024-01-18 Lear Corporation Kettengewirktes 3D-Abstandshalter-Maschengewebe mit hoher Luftdurchlässigkeit, Elastizität und Unterstützung, Verbundmaterial, Verkleidungsbezug und Verfahren zur Herstellung dafür

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GB2299814A (en) * 1995-04-08 1996-10-16 Mothercare Uk Ltd A spacer material, e.g. for a cot mattress cover
ATE257187T1 (de) * 1998-10-14 2004-01-15 Malden Mills Ind Inc Dreidimensional gewirkter abstandsstoff für schuheinlagen und rücksäcke
DE19910785B4 (de) * 1999-03-11 2004-12-30 Textilforschungsinstitut Thüringen-Vogtland e.V. (TITV e.V.) Dreidimensionales klimatisierendes Flächengebilde
GB9918333D0 (en) * 1999-08-04 1999-10-06 Mothercare Uk Ltd Improvements in or relating to spacer fabrics

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EP1863959A1 (de) 2007-12-12
GB0505839D0 (en) 2005-04-27
GB2425131A (en) 2006-10-18
GB2425131B (en) 2010-09-08
WO2006100434A1 (en) 2006-09-28

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