EP1856235A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von konjugierten fettsäuren und fettsäurederivaten, insbesondere von konjugierter linolsäure und von derivaten der konjugierten linolsäure - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von konjugierten fettsäuren und fettsäurederivaten, insbesondere von konjugierter linolsäure und von derivaten der konjugierten linolsäureInfo
- Publication number
- EP1856235A1 EP1856235A1 EP06722500A EP06722500A EP1856235A1 EP 1856235 A1 EP1856235 A1 EP 1856235A1 EP 06722500 A EP06722500 A EP 06722500A EP 06722500 A EP06722500 A EP 06722500A EP 1856235 A1 EP1856235 A1 EP 1856235A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- conjugated
- conjugated fatty
- linoleic acid
- trans
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/353—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/12—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation
- C11C3/126—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation using catalysts based principally on other metals or derivates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/14—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by isomerisation
Definitions
- conjugated fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives in particular conjugated linoleic acid and derivatives of conjugated linoleic acid
- the present invention relates to a process for producing conjugated fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives, in particular conjugated linoleic acid and derivatives of conjugated linoleic acid.
- conjugated linoleic acid also known by the abbreviation CLA (conjugated linear acid)
- CLA conjugated linear acid
- conjugated linoleic acid cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10
- cis-12 isomers are most commonly encountered in products such as milk, cheese or soybean oil.
- Conjugated linoleic acid in the form of the cis-9, trans-11 isomer acts as a mutagen inhibitor and helps to reduce or completely eliminate the risk of cancer, prevent heart disease and strengthen the immune system (LD Whigham et al., Phar- macol. Res. 42 (2000) 503).
- Conjugated linoleic acid has meanwhile become very important as a nutripriming additive.
- Conventional processes for the preparation of conjugated linoleic acid are based on linoleic acid (cis-9, cis-12-octadecadienoic acid) and, as a result, are isomerization reactions.
- the cis, cis-, trans-, trans-, cis, trans- and isomers can be used as isomerization products - trans, cis isomers of 7,9-, 8,10-, 9,11-, 10,12- and 11,13-octadienoic incurred.
- DE 102 59 157 A1 proposes to isomerise the lower alkyl esters thereof in the presence of alkali metal alkoxides, such as potassium methoxide, potassium ethanoate or potassium t-butoxide.
- alkali metal alkoxides such as potassium methoxide, potassium ethanoate or potassium t-butoxide.
- the strong bases used are complicated to handle and also not completely unproblematic to remove completely from the resulting product mixture. Since the conjugated linoleic isomers are regularly used in food products, even the slightest trace of basic materials must, of course, no longer be detectable in the isolated and purified conjugated linoleic acid. If it is difficult to prepare or purify the conjugated linoleic acid, the process used is hardly considered to be economically viable. A further disadvantage is that strong bases such as potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide must be used in large excess in the said processes.
- heterogeneous metal-based isomerization catalysts should be readily separable from the reaction mixture and, in addition, reusable.
- the choice of ruthenium starting compounds used to prepare the hydrogen-activated ruthenium / Al 2 O 3 catalyst may also influence the isomer ratio of the conjugated linoleic acid.
- Bernas et al., Applied Catalysis A: General 267 (2004) 121 to 133, when ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 is impregnated with ruthenium (III) acetylacetonate instead of ruthenium (III) chloride trihydrate , the trans-10, cis-12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid with higher selectivity accessible.
- the Reaction has to be carried out under kinetic control at 165 ° C in n-decane solution.
- a major disadvantage of all ruthenium catalysts used is the need for a very specific pre-treatment with hydrogen whose concentration on the surface (chemisorbed hydrogen) determines the ratio of isonization (to CLA) and hydrogenation (to partially or fully hydrogenated fatty acids).
- the desired isomerization is catalyzed only when the ruthenium catalyst is charged in a controlled manner with small amounts of hydrogen, i. pre-activated and the subsequent reaction of linoleic acid in the presence of intergases, e.g. Nitrogen, is performed.
- the present invention therefore an object of the invention to provide a process for the preparation of conjugated linoleic acid starting from linoleic available, which is not subject to the disadvantages of the prior art and with high selectivity and in high yields in particular the cis-9, trans -l l and trans-10, cis-12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid makes accessible.
- the object of the invention was to provide a procedurally simple method for producing conjugated linoleic acid, the components of which are used for the production of foodstuffs being harmless.
- non-conjugated fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives can be used both in pure form and as part of a mixture. Of course, several non-conjugated fatty acids and / or several different non-conjugated fatty acid derivatives can coexist. Suitable non-conjugated fatty acid derivatives include, for example, the salts of the free fatty acid, esters, amides, anhydrides, nitriles or sulfonates or mixtures thereof.
- Suitable non-conjugated fatty acids include, for example, the triunsaturated linolenic acid, the quadruply unsaturated arachidonic acid and the five-fold unsaturated eicosapentaenoic acid and synthetic non-conjugated fatty acids. Particular preference is given to using linoleic acid as nonconjugated fatty acid.
- Suitable linoleic acid derivatives are, for example, linoleic acid esters, such as the methyl, ethyl or isopropyl esters, amides or nitriles.
- a non-conjugated fatty acid or a non-conjugated fatty acid derivative should be understood as meaning a compound which contains at least two carbon double bonds separated by two adjacent single bonds in the long-chain fatty acid part.
- These non-conjugated double bonds can be converted into conjugated double bonds via the Horiuti-Polanyi mechanism in the presence of transition-metal catalysts and hydrogen (A. Bernas et al., ChemComm, April 23, 2002). In each case a variety of geometric isomers and position isomers possible.
- Linoleic acid may be used either in pure form or in a mixture herein. Linoleic acid comes e.g. as a component of palm oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil and rapeseed oil. Linoleic acid as such as well as the aforementioned mixtures are readily available commercially.
- the support for the silver catalyst can be used, for example, on carbon, oxides of one or more metals of groups IIA to VA and IB to VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table. odensystems, carbonates, sulfates, zeolites, organofunctional polysiloxanes or ion exchange resins, for example in the form of powders or shaped bodies.
- supported systems based on SiO 2 and TiO 2 are used.
- the carrier material comprises silicon dioxide.
- Such suitable supported silver catalysts are described by P. Claus et. al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 103 (1999) 2766-2775, and P. Claus et. al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 108 (2004) 5709-5717.
- For the preparation of supported silver catalysts can therefore be used a variety of methods such as impregnation, sol / gel process or precipitation. In the impregnation, silica is generally treated with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate and reduced after a drying and calcining step in the presence of hydrogen.
- titanium dioxide can also be impregnated with silver nitrate. After a drying and calcining step, the titania supported silver catalyst is obtained by reduction in the presence of hydrogen.
- Suitable titanium dioxide can be composed, for example, of anatase and / or rutile.
- silver nitrate is usually added to a suspension of silica. After heating, a solution of sodium hydroxide is added to precipitate. The resulting catalyst precursor is reduced after a drying step.
- tetraethoxy orthosilicate is first dissolved in the presence of silver nitrate in a solvent mixture containing ethanol, water and nitric acid or ammonia and hydrolyzed and gelled under acidic, neutral or basic conditions. Under refluxing conditions, the homogeneous mixture gives a solid, chemically homogeneous xerogel, which is reduced after storage and calcination in the presence of hydrogen.
- a solvent mixture containing ethanol, water and nitric acid or ammonia
- the homogeneous mixture gives a solid, chemically homogeneous xerogel, which is reduced after storage and calcination in the presence of hydrogen.
- the described preferred carrier method has in common that one obtains the silver present in very finely divided form on the carrier material.
- the supported silver catalyst is loaded or activated with hydrogen before its reaction with a nonconjugated fatty acid such as linoleic acid.
- This activation preferably takes place at temperatures in the range of 50-500 ° C and hydrogen pressures in the range of 0.1 MPa-30 MPa and preferably in the range of 0.1 MPa-10 MPa held.
- the activation time can be varied within wide ranges and is generally in the range of 0.5 to 20 h. In many cases, periods in the range of 0.5 to 3 h are sufficient.
- Particularly preferred results in terms of conversion and selectivities occur when the hydrogen-activated, supported silver catalyst is reacted with linoleic acid in the presence of hydrogen. It is sufficient if hydrogen is only present in phases during this reaction step.
- hydrogen is present during this reaction step during most of the reaction time, ie for more than half the reaction time, especially substantially throughout the reaction time.
- the activation step can be performed on both the supported silver catalyst having silver as such and the supported catalyst precursor in which the silver is partially or fully oxidized.
- the activation comprises or represents the reduction to Ag (O). It has proved to be advantageous if, especially before the start of the isomerization, hydrogen is present bound to the silver surface of the supported catalyst.
- the activation step and / or the isomerization step can be carried out not only, as already described, in the presence of pure hydrogen, but also in the presence of a hydrogen / inert gas mixture.
- Suitable inert gases include e.g. Nitrogen, helium, argon or xenon.
- the conjugated fatty acids for example the conjugated linoleic acid from the product mixture obtained
- the skilled worker is familiar with methods available.
- the reaction of the non-conjugated fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives to the conjugated systems at temperatures in the range of 25 - 500 ° C, preferably in the range of 80 - 300 ° C and particularly preferably in the range of 100 - 250 ° C and / or at a pressure in the range of 0.1 to 50 MPa, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30 MPa and particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 MPa.
- the cis-9-trans-l, trans-10, cis-12 and trans-9, trans-11 isomers of the conjugated linoleic acid are preferably accessible by the process according to the invention.
- the isomerization process of the invention can be used both continuously and batchwise, e.g. be carried out in a batch or semi-batch process.
- Suitable reactor types include the slurry reactor, e.g. in the form of a stirred reactor, the tubular reactor, the trickle bed reactor, the packed phase reactor or packed upflow column reactor and the monolith reactor containing e.g. a variety of passes or channels.
- a further aspect of the invention provides that the isomerization is carried out in an inert organic solvent or in a supercritical solvent.
- suitable inert solvents include liquid hydrocarbons, also in partially or perhalogenated form, and also liquid alcohols, such as octanol and ether. Of particular importance is such a process variant in which n-decane is used as the inert organic solvent.
- Suitable supercritical solvents are, in particular, supercritical carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, dinitrogen monoxide, propane or pentane or binary or ternary mixtures thereof.
- the present invention was based on the surprising finding that high selectivities and yields can be obtained with supported silver catalysts in the preparation of conjugated fatty acids and conjugated fatty acid derivatives, in particular of conjugated linoleic acid, starting from the corresponding nonconjugated systems. Surprisingly, these results do not only occur when the supported silver catalyst with Hydrogen has been pre-activated, but also if at least a major part of the isomerization reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrogen. In both cases, the formation of cis-9, trans-ll, trans-10, cis-12 and trans-9, trans-11 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid is mainly observed in linoleic acid, for example.
- the partially or completely hydrogenated fatty acids oleic acid and stearic acid even if hydrogen is present during the entire reaction time, occur only in minor amounts.
- the gas entry of nitrogen and hydrogen into the dropping funnel or the four-necked flask was controlled by means of two mass-flow controllers (Bronkhorst High-Tec, maximum flow 300 or 200 ml / min).
- a magnetic stirrer was used as a combined stirrer and heater.
- the support material for the silver catalyst according to the invention was made of silica from Alpha Aesar (Large Pore).
- the supported silver catalyst was placed in the four-necked flask for activation and activated for about 1.5 hours at 165 ° C under a hydrogen flow of 100 ml / min.
- a linoleic acid / n-decane mixture (70 ml, 0.01 mol / l) was introduced into the dropping funnel and purged for 15 minutes with a stream of nitrogen for degassing.
- the degassed linoleic acid / n-decane mixture was added with stirring to the supported silver catalyst and maintained at a temperature of about 165 0 C.
- hydrogen was passed through the reaction mixture at a rate of 100 ml / min.
- the course of the isomerization was monitored by taking samples and analyzing them by gas chromatography. To improve the detection capability, the samples were Measurement silylated. The educt of linoleic acid and the resulting components of the reaction mixture, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid and the cis-9, trans-l l, trans-10, cis-12 and trans9, trans 11 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid were compared with the pure substances identified and calibrated, so that qualitative as well as quantitative statements were possible. Although the isomerization reaction was carried out in the presence of hydrogen throughout the reaction time, oleic acid and stearic acid only accumulated as minor components.
- the conversions of linoleic acid achieved by the process according to the invention are about 70% or more and are generally obtained after a reaction time of about 1 h.
- the selectivity with respect to the isomerization ie the selectivities of all conjugated linoleic acids, likewise regularly reaches values of at least 70%. This results in yields of about 50% or more with respect to the conjugated linoleic acids.
- the isomer mixture obtained as the main component generally contains the cis-9, trans-11-isomer of conjugated linoleic acid, preferably in proportions of at least 27%, preferably at least 35%, based on the isolated reaction products.
- trans-10, cis-12 and trans-9, trans-11 isomers of the conjugated linoleic acid are regularly obtained.
- the trans 10, ice 12, and trans 9, trans 11 isomers are generally from about 10 to 25%.
- the other components of the isolated reaction product form oleic acid and stearic acid, usually in proportions of not more than 15%, preferably not more than 10%.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200510010345 DE102005010345B3 (de) | 2005-03-07 | 2005-03-07 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von konjugierten Fettsäuren oder Fettsäurederivaten, insbesondere von konjugierter Linolsäure oder von Derivaten der konjugierten Linolsäure durch Behandlung der nicht-konjugierten Fettsäure oder des nicht-konjugierten Fettsäurederivats mit mindestens einem geträgerten Silberkatalysator |
PCT/DE2006/000288 WO2006094474A1 (de) | 2005-03-07 | 2006-02-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung von konjugierten fettsäuren und fettsäurederivaten, insbesondere von konjugierter linolsäure und von derivaten der konjugierten linolsäure |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1856235A1 true EP1856235A1 (de) | 2007-11-21 |
Family
ID=36500457
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06722500A Withdrawn EP1856235A1 (de) | 2005-03-07 | 2006-02-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung von konjugierten fettsäuren und fettsäurederivaten, insbesondere von konjugierter linolsäure und von derivaten der konjugierten linolsäure |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1856235A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102005010345B3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006094474A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BR112012008608B8 (pt) | 2009-10-12 | 2022-06-14 | Elevance Renewable Sciences | Método de refinação de óleo natural |
EP2738245A1 (de) * | 2012-12-03 | 2014-06-04 | Board of Trustees of University of Arkansas | Konjugierte linolsäurereiche pflanzliche Ölherstellung aus linolsäurereichen Ölen durch heterogene Katalyse |
US9062276B2 (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2015-06-23 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Conjugated linoleic acid rich vegetable oil production from linoleic rich oils by heterogeneous catalysis |
WO2014159382A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-10-02 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining and producing isomerized fatty acids esters and fatty acids from natural oil feedstocks |
CN105195206B (zh) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-12-26 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | 碱改性分子筛作为玉米油共轭化制备共轭亚油酸反应催化剂的应用 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4005049A (en) * | 1975-05-23 | 1977-01-25 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Silver catalysts |
-
2005
- 2005-03-07 DE DE200510010345 patent/DE102005010345B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-02-17 EP EP06722500A patent/EP1856235A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-17 WO PCT/DE2006/000288 patent/WO2006094474A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2006094474A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102005010345B3 (de) | 2006-06-14 |
WO2006094474A1 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
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