EP1856235A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von konjugierten fettsäuren und fettsäurederivaten, insbesondere von konjugierter linolsäure und von derivaten der konjugierten linolsäure - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von konjugierten fettsäuren und fettsäurederivaten, insbesondere von konjugierter linolsäure und von derivaten der konjugierten linolsäureInfo
- Publication number
- EP1856235A1 EP1856235A1 EP06722500A EP06722500A EP1856235A1 EP 1856235 A1 EP1856235 A1 EP 1856235A1 EP 06722500 A EP06722500 A EP 06722500A EP 06722500 A EP06722500 A EP 06722500A EP 1856235 A1 EP1856235 A1 EP 1856235A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- conjugated
- conjugated fatty
- linoleic acid
- trans
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229940053200 antiepileptics fatty acid derivative Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 title claims description 55
- JBYXPOFIGCOSSB-GOJKSUSPSA-N 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O JBYXPOFIGCOSSB-GOJKSUSPSA-N 0.000 title claims description 37
- 229940108924 conjugated linoleic acid Drugs 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polysiloxanes Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 7
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N elaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- DJCQJZKZUCHHAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (Z)-9-Pentadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O DJCQJZKZUCHHAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYWJIYWFPADQAN-LNTINUHCSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O IYWJIYWFPADQAN-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid Chemical compound CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-FPLPWBNLSA-M Vaccenic acid Natural products CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-FPLPWBNLSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Chemical class CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical class CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical class CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-FPLPWBNLSA-N cis-vaccenic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000019622 heart disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;butane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH-]C WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037257 muscle growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003471 mutagenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000707 mutagenic chemical Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001730 nitrous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013842 nitrous oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium methoxide Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- FCQRKDSALKMOGU-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(3+);triphenylphosphane;trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Rh](Cl)Cl.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FCQRKDSALKMOGU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LMEWRZSPCQHBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC(O)C([O-])=O LMEWRZSPCQHBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- XQMTUIZTZJXUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethoxy silicate Chemical compound CCOO[Si](OOCC)(OOCC)OOCC XQMTUIZTZJXUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZTWIEIFKPFJRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlororuthenium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.Cl[Ru](Cl)Cl ZTWIEIFKPFJRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/353—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/12—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation
- C11C3/126—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation using catalysts based principally on other metals or derivates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/14—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by isomerisation
Definitions
- conjugated fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives in particular conjugated linoleic acid and derivatives of conjugated linoleic acid
- the present invention relates to a process for producing conjugated fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives, in particular conjugated linoleic acid and derivatives of conjugated linoleic acid.
- conjugated linoleic acid also known by the abbreviation CLA (conjugated linear acid)
- CLA conjugated linear acid
- conjugated linoleic acid cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10
- cis-12 isomers are most commonly encountered in products such as milk, cheese or soybean oil.
- Conjugated linoleic acid in the form of the cis-9, trans-11 isomer acts as a mutagen inhibitor and helps to reduce or completely eliminate the risk of cancer, prevent heart disease and strengthen the immune system (LD Whigham et al., Phar- macol. Res. 42 (2000) 503).
- Conjugated linoleic acid has meanwhile become very important as a nutripriming additive.
- Conventional processes for the preparation of conjugated linoleic acid are based on linoleic acid (cis-9, cis-12-octadecadienoic acid) and, as a result, are isomerization reactions.
- the cis, cis-, trans-, trans-, cis, trans- and isomers can be used as isomerization products - trans, cis isomers of 7,9-, 8,10-, 9,11-, 10,12- and 11,13-octadienoic incurred.
- DE 102 59 157 A1 proposes to isomerise the lower alkyl esters thereof in the presence of alkali metal alkoxides, such as potassium methoxide, potassium ethanoate or potassium t-butoxide.
- alkali metal alkoxides such as potassium methoxide, potassium ethanoate or potassium t-butoxide.
- the strong bases used are complicated to handle and also not completely unproblematic to remove completely from the resulting product mixture. Since the conjugated linoleic isomers are regularly used in food products, even the slightest trace of basic materials must, of course, no longer be detectable in the isolated and purified conjugated linoleic acid. If it is difficult to prepare or purify the conjugated linoleic acid, the process used is hardly considered to be economically viable. A further disadvantage is that strong bases such as potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide must be used in large excess in the said processes.
- heterogeneous metal-based isomerization catalysts should be readily separable from the reaction mixture and, in addition, reusable.
- the choice of ruthenium starting compounds used to prepare the hydrogen-activated ruthenium / Al 2 O 3 catalyst may also influence the isomer ratio of the conjugated linoleic acid.
- Bernas et al., Applied Catalysis A: General 267 (2004) 121 to 133, when ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 is impregnated with ruthenium (III) acetylacetonate instead of ruthenium (III) chloride trihydrate , the trans-10, cis-12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid with higher selectivity accessible.
- the Reaction has to be carried out under kinetic control at 165 ° C in n-decane solution.
- a major disadvantage of all ruthenium catalysts used is the need for a very specific pre-treatment with hydrogen whose concentration on the surface (chemisorbed hydrogen) determines the ratio of isonization (to CLA) and hydrogenation (to partially or fully hydrogenated fatty acids).
- the desired isomerization is catalyzed only when the ruthenium catalyst is charged in a controlled manner with small amounts of hydrogen, i. pre-activated and the subsequent reaction of linoleic acid in the presence of intergases, e.g. Nitrogen, is performed.
- the present invention therefore an object of the invention to provide a process for the preparation of conjugated linoleic acid starting from linoleic available, which is not subject to the disadvantages of the prior art and with high selectivity and in high yields in particular the cis-9, trans -l l and trans-10, cis-12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid makes accessible.
- the object of the invention was to provide a procedurally simple method for producing conjugated linoleic acid, the components of which are used for the production of foodstuffs being harmless.
- non-conjugated fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives can be used both in pure form and as part of a mixture. Of course, several non-conjugated fatty acids and / or several different non-conjugated fatty acid derivatives can coexist. Suitable non-conjugated fatty acid derivatives include, for example, the salts of the free fatty acid, esters, amides, anhydrides, nitriles or sulfonates or mixtures thereof.
- Suitable non-conjugated fatty acids include, for example, the triunsaturated linolenic acid, the quadruply unsaturated arachidonic acid and the five-fold unsaturated eicosapentaenoic acid and synthetic non-conjugated fatty acids. Particular preference is given to using linoleic acid as nonconjugated fatty acid.
- Suitable linoleic acid derivatives are, for example, linoleic acid esters, such as the methyl, ethyl or isopropyl esters, amides or nitriles.
- a non-conjugated fatty acid or a non-conjugated fatty acid derivative should be understood as meaning a compound which contains at least two carbon double bonds separated by two adjacent single bonds in the long-chain fatty acid part.
- These non-conjugated double bonds can be converted into conjugated double bonds via the Horiuti-Polanyi mechanism in the presence of transition-metal catalysts and hydrogen (A. Bernas et al., ChemComm, April 23, 2002). In each case a variety of geometric isomers and position isomers possible.
- Linoleic acid may be used either in pure form or in a mixture herein. Linoleic acid comes e.g. as a component of palm oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil and rapeseed oil. Linoleic acid as such as well as the aforementioned mixtures are readily available commercially.
- the support for the silver catalyst can be used, for example, on carbon, oxides of one or more metals of groups IIA to VA and IB to VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table. odensystems, carbonates, sulfates, zeolites, organofunctional polysiloxanes or ion exchange resins, for example in the form of powders or shaped bodies.
- supported systems based on SiO 2 and TiO 2 are used.
- the carrier material comprises silicon dioxide.
- Such suitable supported silver catalysts are described by P. Claus et. al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 103 (1999) 2766-2775, and P. Claus et. al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 108 (2004) 5709-5717.
- For the preparation of supported silver catalysts can therefore be used a variety of methods such as impregnation, sol / gel process or precipitation. In the impregnation, silica is generally treated with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate and reduced after a drying and calcining step in the presence of hydrogen.
- titanium dioxide can also be impregnated with silver nitrate. After a drying and calcining step, the titania supported silver catalyst is obtained by reduction in the presence of hydrogen.
- Suitable titanium dioxide can be composed, for example, of anatase and / or rutile.
- silver nitrate is usually added to a suspension of silica. After heating, a solution of sodium hydroxide is added to precipitate. The resulting catalyst precursor is reduced after a drying step.
- tetraethoxy orthosilicate is first dissolved in the presence of silver nitrate in a solvent mixture containing ethanol, water and nitric acid or ammonia and hydrolyzed and gelled under acidic, neutral or basic conditions. Under refluxing conditions, the homogeneous mixture gives a solid, chemically homogeneous xerogel, which is reduced after storage and calcination in the presence of hydrogen.
- a solvent mixture containing ethanol, water and nitric acid or ammonia
- the homogeneous mixture gives a solid, chemically homogeneous xerogel, which is reduced after storage and calcination in the presence of hydrogen.
- the described preferred carrier method has in common that one obtains the silver present in very finely divided form on the carrier material.
- the supported silver catalyst is loaded or activated with hydrogen before its reaction with a nonconjugated fatty acid such as linoleic acid.
- This activation preferably takes place at temperatures in the range of 50-500 ° C and hydrogen pressures in the range of 0.1 MPa-30 MPa and preferably in the range of 0.1 MPa-10 MPa held.
- the activation time can be varied within wide ranges and is generally in the range of 0.5 to 20 h. In many cases, periods in the range of 0.5 to 3 h are sufficient.
- Particularly preferred results in terms of conversion and selectivities occur when the hydrogen-activated, supported silver catalyst is reacted with linoleic acid in the presence of hydrogen. It is sufficient if hydrogen is only present in phases during this reaction step.
- hydrogen is present during this reaction step during most of the reaction time, ie for more than half the reaction time, especially substantially throughout the reaction time.
- the activation step can be performed on both the supported silver catalyst having silver as such and the supported catalyst precursor in which the silver is partially or fully oxidized.
- the activation comprises or represents the reduction to Ag (O). It has proved to be advantageous if, especially before the start of the isomerization, hydrogen is present bound to the silver surface of the supported catalyst.
- the activation step and / or the isomerization step can be carried out not only, as already described, in the presence of pure hydrogen, but also in the presence of a hydrogen / inert gas mixture.
- Suitable inert gases include e.g. Nitrogen, helium, argon or xenon.
- the conjugated fatty acids for example the conjugated linoleic acid from the product mixture obtained
- the skilled worker is familiar with methods available.
- the reaction of the non-conjugated fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives to the conjugated systems at temperatures in the range of 25 - 500 ° C, preferably in the range of 80 - 300 ° C and particularly preferably in the range of 100 - 250 ° C and / or at a pressure in the range of 0.1 to 50 MPa, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30 MPa and particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 MPa.
- the cis-9-trans-l, trans-10, cis-12 and trans-9, trans-11 isomers of the conjugated linoleic acid are preferably accessible by the process according to the invention.
- the isomerization process of the invention can be used both continuously and batchwise, e.g. be carried out in a batch or semi-batch process.
- Suitable reactor types include the slurry reactor, e.g. in the form of a stirred reactor, the tubular reactor, the trickle bed reactor, the packed phase reactor or packed upflow column reactor and the monolith reactor containing e.g. a variety of passes or channels.
- a further aspect of the invention provides that the isomerization is carried out in an inert organic solvent or in a supercritical solvent.
- suitable inert solvents include liquid hydrocarbons, also in partially or perhalogenated form, and also liquid alcohols, such as octanol and ether. Of particular importance is such a process variant in which n-decane is used as the inert organic solvent.
- Suitable supercritical solvents are, in particular, supercritical carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, dinitrogen monoxide, propane or pentane or binary or ternary mixtures thereof.
- the present invention was based on the surprising finding that high selectivities and yields can be obtained with supported silver catalysts in the preparation of conjugated fatty acids and conjugated fatty acid derivatives, in particular of conjugated linoleic acid, starting from the corresponding nonconjugated systems. Surprisingly, these results do not only occur when the supported silver catalyst with Hydrogen has been pre-activated, but also if at least a major part of the isomerization reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrogen. In both cases, the formation of cis-9, trans-ll, trans-10, cis-12 and trans-9, trans-11 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid is mainly observed in linoleic acid, for example.
- the partially or completely hydrogenated fatty acids oleic acid and stearic acid even if hydrogen is present during the entire reaction time, occur only in minor amounts.
- the gas entry of nitrogen and hydrogen into the dropping funnel or the four-necked flask was controlled by means of two mass-flow controllers (Bronkhorst High-Tec, maximum flow 300 or 200 ml / min).
- a magnetic stirrer was used as a combined stirrer and heater.
- the support material for the silver catalyst according to the invention was made of silica from Alpha Aesar (Large Pore).
- the supported silver catalyst was placed in the four-necked flask for activation and activated for about 1.5 hours at 165 ° C under a hydrogen flow of 100 ml / min.
- a linoleic acid / n-decane mixture (70 ml, 0.01 mol / l) was introduced into the dropping funnel and purged for 15 minutes with a stream of nitrogen for degassing.
- the degassed linoleic acid / n-decane mixture was added with stirring to the supported silver catalyst and maintained at a temperature of about 165 0 C.
- hydrogen was passed through the reaction mixture at a rate of 100 ml / min.
- the course of the isomerization was monitored by taking samples and analyzing them by gas chromatography. To improve the detection capability, the samples were Measurement silylated. The educt of linoleic acid and the resulting components of the reaction mixture, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid and the cis-9, trans-l l, trans-10, cis-12 and trans9, trans 11 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid were compared with the pure substances identified and calibrated, so that qualitative as well as quantitative statements were possible. Although the isomerization reaction was carried out in the presence of hydrogen throughout the reaction time, oleic acid and stearic acid only accumulated as minor components.
- the conversions of linoleic acid achieved by the process according to the invention are about 70% or more and are generally obtained after a reaction time of about 1 h.
- the selectivity with respect to the isomerization ie the selectivities of all conjugated linoleic acids, likewise regularly reaches values of at least 70%. This results in yields of about 50% or more with respect to the conjugated linoleic acids.
- the isomer mixture obtained as the main component generally contains the cis-9, trans-11-isomer of conjugated linoleic acid, preferably in proportions of at least 27%, preferably at least 35%, based on the isolated reaction products.
- trans-10, cis-12 and trans-9, trans-11 isomers of the conjugated linoleic acid are regularly obtained.
- the trans 10, ice 12, and trans 9, trans 11 isomers are generally from about 10 to 25%.
- the other components of the isolated reaction product form oleic acid and stearic acid, usually in proportions of not more than 15%, preferably not more than 10%.
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DE200510010345 DE102005010345B3 (de) | 2005-03-07 | 2005-03-07 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von konjugierten Fettsäuren oder Fettsäurederivaten, insbesondere von konjugierter Linolsäure oder von Derivaten der konjugierten Linolsäure durch Behandlung der nicht-konjugierten Fettsäure oder des nicht-konjugierten Fettsäurederivats mit mindestens einem geträgerten Silberkatalysator |
PCT/DE2006/000288 WO2006094474A1 (de) | 2005-03-07 | 2006-02-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung von konjugierten fettsäuren und fettsäurederivaten, insbesondere von konjugierter linolsäure und von derivaten der konjugierten linolsäure |
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EP06722500A Withdrawn EP1856235A1 (de) | 2005-03-07 | 2006-02-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung von konjugierten fettsäuren und fettsäurederivaten, insbesondere von konjugierter linolsäure und von derivaten der konjugierten linolsäure |
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US9062276B2 (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2015-06-23 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Conjugated linoleic acid rich vegetable oil production from linoleic rich oils by heterogeneous catalysis |
EP2738245A1 (de) * | 2012-12-03 | 2014-06-04 | Board of Trustees of University of Arkansas | Konjugierte linolsäurereiche pflanzliche Ölherstellung aus linolsäurereichen Ölen durch heterogene Katalyse |
CN105189443B (zh) * | 2013-03-14 | 2017-05-10 | 埃莱万斯可再生能源科学股份有限公司 | 由天然油原料精炼和生产经异构化的脂肪酸酯和脂肪酸的方法 |
CN105195206B (zh) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-12-26 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | 碱改性分子筛作为玉米油共轭化制备共轭亚油酸反应催化剂的应用 |
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