EP1845534A1 - Résistance de commutation pour un commutateur de puissance haute tension - Google Patents

Résistance de commutation pour un commutateur de puissance haute tension Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1845534A1
EP1845534A1 EP07105213A EP07105213A EP1845534A1 EP 1845534 A1 EP1845534 A1 EP 1845534A1 EP 07105213 A EP07105213 A EP 07105213A EP 07105213 A EP07105213 A EP 07105213A EP 1845534 A1 EP1845534 A1 EP 1845534A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
switching
wound
axis
disc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07105213A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1845534B1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Mascher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP1845534A1 publication Critical patent/EP1845534A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1845534B1 publication Critical patent/EP1845534B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C3/00—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids
    • H01C3/14—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids the resistive element being formed in two or more coils or loops continuously wound as a spiral, helical or toroidal winding
    • H01C3/18—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids the resistive element being formed in two or more coils or loops continuously wound as a spiral, helical or toroidal winding wound on a flat or ribbon base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C10/00—Adjustable resistors
    • H01C10/50—Adjustable resistors structurally combined with switching arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H01H33/165—Details concerning the impedances

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switching resistor for a high voltage circuit breaker and a high voltage circuit breaker.
  • the switching resistance is mainly used as the on-resistance. This has the task of suppressing overvoltages when switching on an uncharged or a high-voltage line that is still charged, for example, by a previous switch-off.
  • an ohmic resistance is arranged parallel to the main switching path of the circuit breaker, which is connected by its own auxiliary switching path in the circuit to be closed. After a few milliseconds, the switching resistor is briefly closed by the main switching path lying parallel. The voltage, for example, of a generator is thus switched to the line in two stages. If the ohmic resistance of the switching resistance and the characteristic impedance of the line are approximately the same, the overvoltages are optimally damped when switching on.
  • switching resistors generally consist of ceramic discs which are mixed with small amounts of carbon in order to realize the ohmic resistance (this is referred to as doping with carbon).
  • each switch pole requires a large number of ceramic disks, which are pressed against one another at high pressure to ensure the passage of current between them.
  • the necessary clamping means must be made of insulating plastic and withstand the particular high when switching in a switching resistance resulting high temperatures and at the same time withstand the large mechanical forces occurring.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an advantageous switching resistor.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an advantageous high voltage circuit breaker.
  • the first object is achieved by a switching resistor according to claim 1, the second object by a high-voltage circuit breaker according to claim 9.
  • the dependent claims contain advantageous embodiments of the invention.
  • a switching resistor according to the invention for high-voltage power switches comprises a resistance path which has an ohmic resistance and is formed by a metal wire.
  • the metal wire is spirally wound around a winding axis.
  • the spiral-shaped winding makes it possible to produce the resistor relatively easily by means of a simple rotational movement and, on the other hand, to produce compact switching resistors having a large length of the metal wire providing the ohmic resistance.
  • the winding may comprise one or more disc-like winding sections, which are wound in the form of an Archimedean spiral, ie a spiral with a constant spacing between the turns.
  • the ohmic resistance increases in proportion to the length of the wire. Accordingly, the voltage value changes in a linear manner over the length of the metal wire.
  • a disk-like winding that is to say a winding which extends radially outward as seen from the winding axis
  • the voltage differences of radially adjacent windings are relatively small, so that the insulation of the metal wire requires no special effort. In particular, it is sufficient to provide the wire with a known paint surface.
  • the Archimedean spirals of the winding sections are alternately wound away from the winding axis and towards the winding axis.
  • the transition from a disk-like winding section to the adjacent disk-like winding section is particularly simple. In that case, only the radially outermost winding of one disk with the radially outermost winding of the other disk or the radially innermost winding of one disk with the radially innermost winding of the other disk need be connected. This type of transition also requires only a very short piece of wire in the transition region between adjacent disc-like winding sections.
  • the second possibility is that all disc-like winding sections are wound equally, either away from the winding axis or towards the winding axis. Adjacent disc-like winding sections are then interconnected by a shortened spiral wound or wound away from the winding axis.
  • the transition between adjacent disk-like winding sections is somewhat more complex than in the first variant, in the second variant, the maximum occurring voltage differences between two adjacent disk-like winding sections in the axial direction compared to the first winding possibility can be kept lower.
  • the disc-like winding sections can be basically either wound from the inside to the outside or from outside to inside, but the winding from the inside out is technically easier to implement.
  • first and second disk-like winding sections may be present, which are wound in different directions of rotation with respect to a viewing direction parallel to the winding axis.
  • first disk-like winding sections may be present, which are wound in different directions of rotation with respect to a viewing direction parallel to the winding axis.
  • first disc-like winding sections then follows a number in the opposite sense of winding wound second disc-like winding sections.
  • first and second disc-like winding sections even in alternation.
  • a technical realization with which stable switching resistors can be produced comprises a pin extending along the axis of the winding, which pin can be designed, for example, as a mandrel, with disc-shaped supporting bodies applied thereto.
  • the disk-shaped support bodies extend radially away from the pin, are in the axial direction the winding axis spaced from each other and each have a sector-shaped opening.
  • the disc-like winding sections of the metal wire are arranged between the support bodies.
  • the support bodies serve to stabilize the disk-like winding sections and, on the other hand, if they consist of an insulating material, can also be used for the insulation of disk-like winding sections adjacent in the axial direction.
  • the use of a mandrel as a pin also allows the compression of the entire assembly in the axial direction, which leads to a further increased stabilization of the disc-like winding sections.
  • a high-voltage power switch according to the invention comprises at least one main switching path and at least one auxiliary switching path extending in parallel to the main switching path and having a switching resistance according to the invention.
  • this high voltage circuit breaker does not require compressing individual resistive elements to ensure good electrical contact.
  • it has the advantages associated with the switching resistor according to the invention.
  • the high-voltage power switch can comprise more than one main switching path, each having at least one auxiliary switching path having a parallel running and a switching resistance according to the invention.
  • the main switching paths are then connected in series.
  • high-voltage circuit breakers can be produced with a total of high starting resistances without the individual starting resistors having to exceed a certain value for the ohmic resistance. In this way, the individual starting resistances can remain limited in their dimensions.
  • Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram of a high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first winding diagram for the switching resistance of the high-voltage circuit breaker in a section along the winding axis.
  • FIG. 3 shows a disk-like winding section from the winding diagram according to FIG. 2 in a plan view in the direction of the winding axis.
  • FIG. 4 shows a second winding diagram for the switching resistance of the high-voltage circuit breaker in a section along the winding longitudinal axis.
  • Fig. 5 shows the transition between two adjacent disk-like winding sections in the second winding diagram shown in Fig. 4 in a plan view in the direction of the winding axis.
  • FIG. 6 shows in a section along the longitudinal axis of the winding a switching resistance with the winding diagram of FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 7 shows the switching resistance shown in Fig. 6 in a section which is perpendicular to the winding axis through a supporting body of the switching resistor.
  • FIG. 8 shows, in a section along the longitudinal axis of the winding, a switching resistor with the winding diagram from FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 9 shows the switching resistor of Fig. 8 in a section which is perpendicular to the winding axis through a supporting body of the switching resistor.
  • FIGS. 10 shows the winding sense of the windings in the winding diagrams of FIGS. 2 and 4 in a first variant.
  • FIG. 11 shows the winding sense of the windings in the winding diagrams of FIGS. 2 and 4 in a second variant.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary circuit diagram for the switching resistor 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG.
  • G indicates a generator providing a high voltage electric power to be connected to a high voltage power line.
  • the high-voltage line is represented by a characteristic impedance 3 in FIG.
  • the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 comprises a first main switching path 5 and a first main switching path 5 connected in series second main switching path 7, each having a switch 6, 8 for opening and closing the main switching paths 5, 7.
  • For each main switching path 5, 7 is an auxiliary switching path 9, 11 connected in parallel.
  • the auxiliary switching sections 9, 11 each comprise an ohmic resistor 10, 12 and an auxiliary switch 13, 15, with which the respective auxiliary switching path 9, 11 can be opened or closed.
  • the generator G When, by means of the high voltage circuit breaker 1, the generator G is connected to the high voltage line, i. is to be connected to the characteristic impedance 3, so first the auxiliary switching sections 9, 11 closed before a few milliseconds later, the main switching sections 5, 7 are closed. In this way, the generator voltage is switched to the high voltage line in two stages.
  • the ohmic resistors 10 and 12 are implemented as resistance paths, each consisting of a wound around a winding axis A metal wire.
  • a first winding scheme for the winding of the metal wire 17 is shown in FIG.
  • the order of the individual turns of the spirally wound wire 17 is indicated by the numbers in the circular turns.
  • the wire is wound from an initial point (circle number "1") in the form of an Archimedean spiral with respect to the winding axis A from the inside to the outside so as to form a first disk-shaped winding portion 19a.
  • the winding of the second winding section 19b extends from radially outside to radially inside, ie towards the winding axis A.
  • the third disc-like winding portion 19c is then again wound from radially inward to radially outward, and so on.
  • the first winding scheme is shown schematically in Fig. 2 with reference to a winding with 400 turns.
  • the numbering of the turns corresponds to the order of their winding, i. Winding 1 was wound first, then Winding 2, and so on until finally Winding 400. Since the ohmic resistance of the metal wire grows linearly with its length, in each turn part of the high voltage drops, which is the proportion of the length of the respective winding on the winding Total length of the metal wire corresponds. Now, if the distance of the outermost turn from the innermost turn is small compared to the radius of the innermost turn, the lengths of the individual turns can be considered to be the same in a good approximation. Then falls over each turn from 1/400 of the applied high voltage.
  • the first disc-like winding portion 19a is an inwardly-outward Archimedean spiral
  • the second winding portion 19b is an Archimedean spiral extending from outside to inside
  • the third winding portion 19c is an Archimedes extending inward Spiral. Since the entire coil of the switching resistor is wound according to this scheme, the transition between two adjacent disc-like winding sections 19 is particularly simple. It is only a short transitional section of the wire between adjacent disc-like winding sections needed.
  • FIG. 4 A second winding scheme for the winding of the switching resistor is shown in Fig. 4. Again, the numbering of the individual coil sections of the wire 17 again designates the order of the winding when producing the switching resistor. While the first disc-like winding portion 19a 'corresponds to the first disc-like winding portion 19a' of Fig. 2, the second disc-like winding portion 19b 'in Fig. 4 differs from the second disc-like winding portion 19b in Fig. 2 in that it is radial instead of radially outward inside as well as the first disc-like winding portion 19a 'is wound from radially inward to radially outward. Also, the third disc-like winding section 19c 'is in Fig.
  • the second winding scheme as in the first winding scheme, there are 1/400 of the voltage across the switching resistor between two radially adjacent turns. While in the first winding scheme between two adjacent windings in the axial direction of the winding axis up to 7/400 of the total voltage applied, are in the second winding scheme always 4/400 between two adjacent in the axial direction of the winding axis windings.
  • the windings shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 comprise first disk-like winding sections 19 and second disk-like winding sections 19A which differ from one another in terms of their sense of winding with respect to a viewing direction B parallel to the winding axis A (cf. Figures 10 and 11).
  • the winding sense determines the flow direction of the current flowing through the winding sections around the winding axis A and thus the orientation of magnetic fields caused by the flowing current.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show the current flow for two different winding configurations. Points show a current flow out of the plane of the drawing and cross a current flow into the plane of the drawing.
  • a cross indicates a winding wound in a counterclockwise direction.
  • a magnetic field generated by a current flow through a first disc-like winding section 19 with clockwise wound windings can by a magnetic field generated by a second disc-shaped winding portion 19A with counter-clockwise wound windings are largely compensated, so that the inductance of the coil can be kept small even with a large number of disc-like winding sections.
  • a particularly extensive cancellation of the magnetic fields is possible if, at each transition from one disk-like winding section to the next, a reversal of the winding sense, as shown in Fig. 10.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 An embodiment of the switching resistor using the first winding scheme is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. While FIG. 6 shows a section along the winding axis A of the switching resistor, FIG. 7 shows a section perpendicular to the winding axis A.
  • the switching resistor comprises a pin which in the present exemplary embodiment is designed as a clamping mandrel 23 and extends along the winding axis A. On the mandrel 23 insulating support body 25 are pushed and braced against each other. The support body 25 are formed like a disk, wherein the writing plane extends perpendicular to the winding axis A.
  • angled portions 27 are formed, which define openings of the support body through which the mandrel 23 extends radially.
  • the angled portions 27 are spacers, which ensure a minimum distance between the support bodies 25 when clamping the support body 25 on the mandrel 23 in the region radially outside the angled portions. This leaves between the individual support bodies 25 recordings in which the disc-shaped winding sections 19 of the winding of the metal wire are.
  • the angled portions and spacer rings can be used, which are pushed between adjacent support bodies without angled portions on the pin.
  • the support bodies 25 each have a sector-shaped cutout 31.
  • the support body 25 are pushed onto the mandrel 23 so that their sector-shaped cutouts in the longitudinal direction of the axis A are aligned.
  • These sector-shaped cutouts make it possible to pass through transition sections 29 of the metal wire between adjacent disc-like coil sections 19 through the support bodies 25.
  • the transition sections 29 are each in alternation at the radially outer end and at the radially inner end of the disc-like winding sections 19th
  • the support elements 33 and 35 delimiting the switching resistance in the axial direction of the mandrel differ from the other support elements 25.
  • the support element 33 shown at the far left in FIG. 6 has neither a right-angled section 27 nor a sector-shaped cutout 31.
  • the support element 35 shown on the right in FIG. 6 also has no sector-shaped cutout 31.
  • it is equipped with a rectangular section 27.
  • the sector-shaped cutouts 31 are not necessary in the case of the axially outermost support elements 33, 35, since there is no wire leadthrough to an adjacent disk-like winding section.
  • the support body 25 are made of an insulating material, such as ceramic or an insulating plastic, and therefore at the same time take on the task of insulating adjacent disc-like winding sections 19 against each other.
  • the sector-shaped cutout is kept as small as possible.
  • the cutout can be kept small, in particular, when the transitional sections 29 are parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the Mandrel run. In this case, the cutout need only be formed as a slot.
  • this type of transition is much more complex in the winding than when the transition section extends mainly along the circumferential direction of the mandrel and has only a relatively small direction component parallel to the longitudinal axis A.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 An embodiment of the switching resistor in which the metal wire is wound according to the second winding scheme is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • the mandrel 23 is identical to the mandrel 23 in Fig. 6.
  • the switching resistance in the axial direction limiting support body 33, 35 with those of FIG. 8 are identical.
  • the remaining support bodies 37 from FIG. 8 differ from the support bodies 25 from FIG. 7 only by the shape of their sector-shaped cutout 39. While the sector-shaped cutout 31 in the support bodies 25 of the first embodiment is mirror-symmetrical with respect to a mirror axis S, the sector-shaped Section 39 of the support body 37 in the second embodiment does not have such symmetry.
  • the sector-shaped cutout 39 is delimited on one side by a straight edge 40 running in the radial direction to the winding axis A.
  • the second edge 42 of the sector-shaped cutout 39 does not extend in the radial direction to the winding axis A, but is offset in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis A and has a curvature, which is the greater, the further it is in the radially inner region of the support body 37.
  • the radially innermost portion 43 of the edge 42 corresponds in its curvature approximately to the curvature of the winding 21 of the shortened spiral between two adjacent disc-like winding sections 19 in this area. In this way, the edge 42 can serve as a guide for the radially inner portion of the winding 21.
  • the dimensions of the ohmic resistance forming wire resulting from the different physical quantities for each metal specific heat capacity c in Ws / kgK, specific gravity ⁇ in Kg / m 3 and specific resistance ⁇ in ⁇ mm 2 / m or ⁇ m) and a maximum heating .DELTA.T determined by the surrounding further components (wherein the total energy E converted in ohmic resistance is converted into heat by the very short reaction time of only a few milliseconds) by simple formulaic description.
  • the required wire weight in turn, the required wire volume and subsequently from the required wire length can be determined at a certain wire diameter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP20070105213 2006-04-10 2007-03-29 Résistance de commutation pour un commutateur de puissance haute tension Not-in-force EP1845534B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610017218 DE102006017218A1 (de) 2006-04-10 2006-04-10 Schaltwiderstand für einen Hochspannungsleistungsschalter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1845534A1 true EP1845534A1 (fr) 2007-10-17
EP1845534B1 EP1845534B1 (fr) 2009-05-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20070105213 Not-in-force EP1845534B1 (fr) 2006-04-10 2007-03-29 Résistance de commutation pour un commutateur de puissance haute tension

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EP (1) EP1845534B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102006017218A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2750155A1 (fr) * 2012-12-27 2014-07-02 Hager Electro Sas Résistance de court-circuit

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE318301C (fr) *
DE609542C (de) * 1931-12-16 1935-02-18 Aeg Schaltgeraet mit eingebautem Strombegrenzungswiderstand
DE1921604U (de) 1965-04-06 1965-08-19 Licentia Gmbh Niederohmiger schaltwiderstand fuer hochspannungsschalter.
DE7536150U (de) * 1975-11-14 1976-03-11 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck Kg, 8400 Regensburg Widerstandselement fuer lastumschalter von stufentransformatoren
DE2819992A1 (de) * 1978-05-08 1979-11-15 Tuerk & Hillinger Kg Elektrischer schutzwiderstand fuer schienenfahrzeuge
WO2006032677A1 (fr) * 2004-09-24 2006-03-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour proteger des composants electroniques

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE318301C (fr) *
DE609542C (de) * 1931-12-16 1935-02-18 Aeg Schaltgeraet mit eingebautem Strombegrenzungswiderstand
DE1921604U (de) 1965-04-06 1965-08-19 Licentia Gmbh Niederohmiger schaltwiderstand fuer hochspannungsschalter.
DE7536150U (de) * 1975-11-14 1976-03-11 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck Kg, 8400 Regensburg Widerstandselement fuer lastumschalter von stufentransformatoren
DE2819992A1 (de) * 1978-05-08 1979-11-15 Tuerk & Hillinger Kg Elektrischer schutzwiderstand fuer schienenfahrzeuge
WO2006032677A1 (fr) * 2004-09-24 2006-03-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour proteger des composants electroniques

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2750155A1 (fr) * 2012-12-27 2014-07-02 Hager Electro Sas Résistance de court-circuit
CN103903821A (zh) * 2012-12-27 2014-07-02 黑格电子股份有限公司 短路电阻

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006017218A1 (de) 2007-10-25
EP1845534B1 (fr) 2009-05-06
DE502007000681D1 (de) 2009-06-18

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