Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
  • A61D19/00—Instruments or methods for reproduction or fertilisation
  • A61D19/02—Instruments or methods for reproduction or fertilisation for artificial insemination
  • A61D19/021—Apparatus for collecting seminal fluids; Artificial vaginas

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for the semen collection of boars.
• the boars are usually eaten on a so-called boar phantom, which is accepted and jumped by the sexually stimulated boar as a jumping partner.
• Absamvorgang is usually proceeded by the so-called hand method.
• the saber grasps the spiral tip of the Eber-penis as soon as the boar has begun the search movements and the penis tip has left the prepuce.
• the Absamer now tries to stimulate the penis tip in his fist over partly pulsating pressure and achieve a full erection. After erection begins the ejaculation and thus the actual semen production. The ejaculate is caught with a cup.
• the abatement technician can not move away from the phantom during the entire ejaculation process ⁇ must exercise relatively high pressure by hand.
• the Absamungsvorgang thus requires a relatively high expenditure of force and is uncomfortable for the Absamungstechniker.
• an artificial vagina provided internally with a tube that can be filled with warm water and air, with which the pressure and heat applied during ejaculation and exerted on the boar penis can be produced , After placing the erect boar penis in the artificial vagina and inflating the tube disposed therein, e.g. by means of a bellows, the ejaculation process can be stopped without further holding by a person.
• a disadvantage of this artificial Absamungsvoriques is that after each Absa ⁇ mungsvorgang a complex sterilization of the artificial vagina is required in order to prevent Hy ⁇ gieneeproblemen. Furthermore, the artificial vagina can not correspond to the natural one, and in particular at the beginning of the ejaculation process. high sensitivity can be achieved, so that not all boars can be killed by this method, which is disadvantageous for the farms.
• the object is achieved by a device for the semen collection with the Merkma ⁇ len according to claim 1 and by a method having the features of claim 25.
• the device according to the invention for the semen collection of boars comprises a grip strip and a clamping device for releasably clamping the grip strip placed around a boar penis, with which the grip strip can be fixed.
• the device according to the invention has the advantage that the grip strip can be arranged in one hand, with which the Eberpenis can then be seized and brought to erection and ejaculation in accordance with the conventional procedure, whereby the sensitivity of the hand of the ablation technician is directly affected can be used.
• the grip strip placed around the boar penis can be clamped in a clamping device without interrupting the application of pressure so that the required pressure is then exerted by the clamped grip strip and the holding or pressure exertion by the ablation technician is no longer necessary.
• complete Ejaku ⁇ late good hygienic quality can be obtained from all matable boars.
• the grip strip according to the invention is preferably made of a flexible, compressible material so that a pressure close to that exerted by the natural hand is achieved. Further, a rough, non-slip surface is preferred for the grip strip so that the spiral tip of the boar penis can be securely fixed to the grip strip.
• Suitable materials for the grip strip according to the invention are, in particular, materials having low thermal conductivity and providing a feeling of heat on the skin.
• P refers PUR, EPDM, silicone, latex rubber, sponge rubber or other suitable, in particular foamed, materials.
• At least one surface of the grip strip can be provided with in particular round, angular or otherwise shaped nubs and / or with longitudinal or transverse strips of the same or different height and width.
• the nubs or stripes are arranged in particular on the side facing the boar penis, so that one of the natural situation, i. the natural cervix, as similar a surface as possible is produced.
• the nubs and / or stripes are arranged in a pattern.
• the knobs can, for example, be arranged in rows oriented transversely to the longitudinal side of the grip strip, the knobs being offset in adjacent rows from one another.
• the grip strip according to the invention may be provided on at least one surface with one or more adhesive portions so that it can be glued to the hand and in particular to the surface of a glove, in particular a disposable glove.
• the grip strip can also be held on the palm of the hand with one or more retaining straps guided over the back of the hand.
• the grip strip according to the invention preferably has a length between 10 and 30 cm, a maximum width between 2 and 10 cm and a thickness between 0.1 and 3 cm, which in particular depends on the material selected for the grip strip.
• the grip strip may also have the shape of a closed ring.
• the grip strip has a shape in which the width of the grip strip decreases in the direction of the ends thereof.
• a divided into three sections with approximately the same length strip is conceivable, wherein the section in the middle of a constant width and the two end portions each having a decreasing width to the ends.
• the grip strip may have a heat-releasing material which is embedded, for example.
• heat-releasing materials are, for example crystalline substances in which by a mechanical stress, a phase transition is triggered, which leads to a heat release.
• the mechanical stress can be carried out, for example, by applying pressure or by bending a substance arranged in the form of a rod or a plate.
• the device comprises a planar body, which is arranged at least partially surrounding the boar penis under or above the grip strip, or can be fixedly connected to the grip strip and extends therefrom.
• the flat body is a made of plastic, in particular dem ⁇ the same material from which the grip strip is made, made in the form of a tube bendable sheet having a sufficient width that the Eberpenis can be at least partially umge ⁇ ben, and a length, so that the leaf extends from the grip strip placed around the boar penis to over the penis tip.
• the sheet is in the form of a flap extending from a central portion of the grip strip transversely to its longitudinal direction, ie transversely to the connecting line between the ends, which is made in one piece with the grip strip.
• the urethra at the tip of the penis exits at an angle with respect to the longitudinal extent of the boar penis, so that the ejaculation jet is directed laterally and can be collected relatively easily.
• the sheet provided according to the preferred embodiment has a shape surrounding the boar penis and in particular the penis tip so that the ejaculate jet discharged from the boar penis hits the leaf and drips from there into a container provided for receiving the ejaculate. This can be avoided losses in the Absa mung and the yield of the Absamungsvorgangs can be further increased.
• a bag or container for receiving the ejaculate may be formed or fastened.
• the bag preferably extends substantially perpendicular to the grip strip and is closed at the end remote from the grip strip.
• the bag can be connected over part of its circumference, ie, for example, over 180 °, by means of welding or gluing to the grip strip or, if necessary, be made in one piece with the grip strip.
• the bag is preferably made of plastic, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or the same material as the Griffs ⁇ strips manufactures and has, for example, a length of 20 cm and a diameter of 6 cm.
• the pouch preferably serves as a collecting container for the ejaculated at the beginning of Absamungsvor ⁇ and usually hygienically clean ejaculate or Vorsekret, so that it can be separated from the hygienically pure ejaculate used for breeding purposes.
• the pouch can be separated from the grip strip, while the ejaculate released in the further ejaculation process is collected in a further container.
• the bag is preferably perforated along its circumference in the vicinity of the grip strip.
• a preferably also attached to the grip strip tubular body is arranged above the above-mentioned bag, the end facing away from the handle strip, however, is open.
• the tubular body is used after removal of the bag connected to the grip strip for collecting and diverting the hygienically pure ejaculate into a container. Since the tubular body is not contaminated with the Vorsekret collected in the bag and could possibly even be sterile depending on the Heinrichspro ⁇ and the storage, it can be brought into contact with the hygienically pure ejaculate and fulfills a similar function as the above arranged on the grip strip extension or flat body for deriving the Eja ⁇ kulats. With regard to the material and the attachment of the tubular body to the grip strip, the information given above with respect to the bag connected to the grip strip applies correspondingly.
• the bag and the surrounding tubular body are preferably made in one piece.
• the bag connected to the grip strip in conjunction with the above-mentioned extension or the flat body or else a grip strip only in connection with a tubular body.
• a closed bag it would also be conceivable to arrange two tubular bodies one above the other and to fasten them to the grip strip. The pre-secretion in this case could drip onto the floor or be trapped with a container placed at the end of the inner tubular body.
• the inner tubular body should preferably be separated from the grip strip after completion of the pre-secretion phase in order to guide the sperm-rich and hygienically perfect part of the ejaculate into the seed collecting container in a kontami ⁇ free manner with the remaining outer tubular body.
• an in or on the grip strip is arranged e.g. a device designed as a tube is conceivable, which may optionally be provided in an intermittent manner e.g. can be acted upon with a gas or a possibly heated liquid or with a pressure.
• the clamping device according to the invention is designed according to a preferred embodiment in such a way that it comprises two fingers extending parallel to one another, between which Chen the ends of the grip strips can be arranged overlapping each other and clamped. It would also be conceivable to fasten or hang one end of the grip strip on the clamping device and to clamp only the other end.
• the clamping device has at least one pivotable and lockable clamping jaw with which the end / ends of the grip strip can be releasably clamped.
• a clamping jaw pivotable about an axis parallel to a finger is preferred.
• At least one of the fingers comprises a rotatable roller which is preferably rotatable about an axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the finger.
• the roller is freely rotatable in one direction, while the rotation in the other direction is selectively lockable or releasable by means of a device.
• both fingers may be formed as rotatable parallel rollers so that the ends of the grip strip can be tightened therebetween while remaining tight due to the friction between the rollers and the grip strip when the rotation of the rollers in the other direction is blocked.
• the clamping device has at least one, possibly two stiff rollers with an increased rotational resistance suitable for fixing the grip strip.
• the rotational resistance is chosen so that a sufficient fixation of the grip strip is ensured.
• Klemmvor ⁇ direction means for locking or to release the roller (s) is not erforder ⁇ Lich and the release of the grip strip is done simply by turning the roller (s) with the Fin ⁇ like in the pressure exerted on the Eberpenis opposite direction.
• Such a clamping device has proved to be very useful because it is easy to use and the fixation strength achieved with it is sufficient.
• one or both rollers can be connected to a drive with which by turning the roller (s) a train on the grip strip and thus a pressure on the Eberpenis can be exercised.
• the clamping device according to the invention can also be designed so that during the Absamvorgangs a permanent or intermittent pressure on the penis or train on the grip strip and thus on the penis tip can be exercised.
• This is special with a clamping device which, as stated above, one or two rollers and a drive.
• the drive can be operated in particular so that a permanent or intermittent pressure or train is exercised.
• the pressure phase or vibrations which may be applied by means of a suitable further device, such as e.g. a vibrator are applied to the clamping device on the clamping device or the grip strip or the penis itself, the ejaculation process are stimulated in a preferred manner.
• the clamping device In order to be able to fasten the clamping device to a fixed device and in particular to a phantom for the purpose of relieving the ablation technician, the clamping device according to a further embodiment has a fixing unit for attachment to the stationary device. Thus, no further manipulations of the ablation technician are required for the remaining ejaculation process, after he has fastened the clamping device with the boar penis arranged thereon on the phantom.
• a method for sperm ablation comprising the steps of stimulating the boar penis, placing a grip strip in a palm of the hand, grasping a boar penis such that the penis is enclosed by the grip strip over at least half of its circumference, inserting the grip strip into a Klemmvorrich ⁇ device and fixing the grip strip in the clamping device after erection, so that the required for ejaculation pressure is exerted by the fixed grip strip um ⁇ summarizes.
• the Eberabsamung can be automated to a certain extent, so that no permanent presence of a absamenden person or ei ⁇ nes Abamungstechnikers is more necessary, the required for the ejaculation process pressure force is applied by the inventive Abamungsvorraum. Furthermore, the method according to the invention is cost-effective, since the grip strips can be manufactured and used as single-use articles and a renewed sterilization of the device is not required with every absorption process.
• the method according to the invention may comprise arranging a flat body partly surrounding the penis tip around the boar penis.
• The preferably made of plastic film, the same material as the grip strip or another Ren-friendly material produced and preferably bent into the shape of a tube or funnel planar body serves to catch the obliquely to the longitudinal extent of the Eber penis exiting ejaculate jet and to lead into a container.
• the container preferably comprises a seed filter.
• the method may further comprise separating a container or tubular body connected to the grip strip after the start of the ejaculation process in order to separate ejaculated pre-secretion in the initial phase of the ejaculation process.
• discharged and hygienically not pure ejaculate can be separated from the pure ejaculate provided for breeding purposes.
• the ejaculate released thereafter is collected in a container, it being possible to provide an outer tubular body which is likewise connected to the grip strip and arranged above the bag or tubular body before separation thereof Collect ejaculate and pass it into the container.
• the method further comprises, according to another embodiment, the step of attaching the clamping device to a stationary device, in particular a phantom, so that the device does not have to be held during the ejaculation process.
• the method according to yet another embodiment comprises the step of stimulating the Eberpenis or ejaculation with the hand and the handle strip disposed therein prior to insertion of the ends of the grip strip in the clamping device.
• the method may comprise the step of stimulating the boar penis during the absorbency process by means of a permanent or intermittent pressure, tension, pressure or vibration exerted on the clamping device or the grip strip or the penis itself.
• the method preferably comprises the step of the handle strip being initially glued to the inner surface of a glove and / or held by means of one or more holding loops.
• Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a clamping device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a grip strip according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 3 shows a grip strip according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 4 shows a grip strip according to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 5 shows a grip strip arranged in the inner surface of a hand
• FIG. 6 shows the use of the grip strip on an erect boar penis
• FIG. 7 shows the grip strip fixed to a fixing unit and enclosing a boar penis
• Fig. 8 is an illustration of the grip strip included and fixed in the fixing unit Eberpenis and a cup for receiving the ejaculate.
• FIGS. 1 to 4 An inventive clamping device 1 according to a specific embodiment and designed according to three embodiments gripping strips 2 are shown in particular in FIGS. 1 to 4.
• the clamping device 1 shown in FIG. 1 has two fingers or pins 8, 9, which are aligned parallel to one another at a small distance from one another and connected at one end, between which ends of the grip strip 2 illustrated in FIGS , can be passed, after they were placed around a Eber ⁇ penis 3.
• the fingers 8, 9 here have a rectangular cross-section, but can also have any other cross-section, such as a round or square.
• the clamping device 1 further comprises a below the one finger 8 an ⁇ ordered around a substantially parallel to the finger 8 extending axis 10 pivotable jaw 5, with which the ends of the grip strip between the fingers 8, 9 can be clamped.
• the jaw 5 is preferably acted upon by a spring (not shown) with which the clamping jaw 5 is held in the clamping position in which the ends of the grip strip 2 are clamped so that the grip strip 2 is pulled by pulling on one or both ends of the grip strip 2 against the force of the spring can be further tightened. Ande ⁇ hand, the jaw 5 is constructed and arranged on the clamping device 1, that it is blocked against a tensile force in the opposite direction.
• the clamping device 1 further comprises a fixing unit 6, with which the clamping device can be fixed to a stationary device, such as a phantom.
• the clamping device can also be provided with rotatable parallel rollers arranged on one or both fingers, the roller preferably rotating freely in one direction and the rotation in the other direction being optionally blocked.
• the ends of the grip strip 2 can be made by exerting a tension e.g. be tightened by hand so that they can not come loose.
• one or possibly two stiff rollers can be seen vor ⁇ whose rotational resistance is selected so that alone so that a sufficient fixation of the grip strip is achieved.
• a clamping device means for locking or to release the roller (s) is not required and the release of the grip strip is done simply by turning the roller (s) with the fingers in the direction opposite to the pressure exerted on the Eberpenis direction.
• At least one roller with a drive such as a. to couple mechanical drive or motor, with which the ends of the grip strip are automatically tightened or loosened.
• a drive such as a. to couple mechanical drive or motor, with which the ends of the grip strip are automatically tightened or loosened.
• an intermittent train on the grip strip or pressure on the penis can be exercised, which serves the additional stimulation of the penis and ejaculation.
• this drive or optionally by means of a further drive, if necessary by means of an eccentrically driven device, additionally to exert pressing movements or vibrations on the boar penis for its stimulation.
• a vibration device could also be provided on the clamping device.
• the grip strip 2 is preferably made of a flexible, compressible material, which preferably has a rough, non-slip surface, so that sliding on a covered with the grip strip Eberpenis 3 can be reduced or avoided.
• the grip strip 2 is preferably made of PUR, EPDM, silicone, latex rubber, sponge rubber or another suitable material, ie in particular a foamed material. posed. These materials impart the sensation of heat due to their heat-insulating properties on the skin, which can positively affect ejaculation.
• the surface of the grip strip on one side with nubs 4 see ver ⁇ .
• the nubs 4 may in principle have any shape, in particular round, angular, elliptical, etc.
• nubs 4 it is preferred to arrange the nubs 4 in a specific pattern or with a specific arrangement, as shown for example in FIG. 2.
• knobs 4 it is also possible to provide longitudinal and / or transverse strips (not shown), which optionally may have a different height and / or width.
• the grip strip has a length between 10 and 30 cm, a maximum width between 2 and 10 cm and a thickness between 0.1 and 3 cm.
• the thickness of the grip strip depends on the choice of material.
• the grip strip has a reduced width in the direction of its ends, so that the ends can be easily inserted between the fingers 8, 9 of the clamping device 1 and fixed there.
• the grip strip is also conceivable in the form of a closed ring.
• adhesive strips can be provided, with which the grip strip 2 at one of the réellehandflä ⁇ che corresponding point of a glove, in particular disposable glove, can be adhered.
• at least one retaining loop may be provided on the grip strip 2 in addition to the adhesive strip or instead of this.
• the grip strip may further comprise a heat-emitting material, which is embedded, for example, in the interior in the form of a cushion.
• a heat-emitting material which is embedded, for example, in the interior in the form of a cushion.
• substances such as e.g. certain crystals are used, which under mechanical stress, i. undergo a phase change as the strip flexes, releasing heat.
• FIG. 2 A grip strip according to another preferred embodiment is shown in FIG.
• the grip strip shown there differs from the grip strip shown in FIG. 2 by an extension or blade 12 extending transversely to the longitudinal direction approximately in the middle between the ends, which preferably extends over the tip of the finger when the grip strip 2 is applied.
• the extension shown in FIG. 3 has the shape of a nose or a Gaussian curve shape.
• the extension of the extension from the grip strip 2 in the example shown corresponds approximately to the width of the grip strip.
• the size and the shape of the extension are variable and can be selected according to the requirements.
• the width or extent of the extension 12 from the grip strip 2 is expediently chosen so that the extension extends in the case of the grip strip applied to the boar penis up to the penis tip.
• the shape or contour is also variable and could also be selected angular or sinusoidal.
• the extension can be made in one piece with the grip strip or attached to this eg by sewing, gluing, etc.
• a bag 13 made of plastic, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or the same material as the handle strip, which, as shown in FIG wesent ⁇ union extends perpendicular to this and is closed at the remote from the grip strip 2 end.
• the bag 13, which is open on the grip strip 2 is connected to the grip strip 2 over part of its circumference, ie, for example, over 180 °, with an edge of the grip strip 2 and, moreover, over the knobs 4, extending side edges 16 by means of welding or gluing ,
• the bag could also be made in one piece with the grip strip 2.
• the bag 13 is used to collect ejaculate and in particular of the initially hygienic not cleanse Vorsekrets delivered at the beginning, which is not suitable for further use. After a certain amount of ejaculate unsuitable for use has been collected in the bag 13, it is separated from the grip strip, while the ejaculate discharged in the following is picked up in another container. For easier separation, the container 13 is preferably provided with a perforation 15 along its circumference on the grip strip. A tubular body or hose 14 fastened in the same way also on the grip strip 2 can be arranged above said bag 13, but its end facing away from the grip strip 2 is open.
• the tube 14 is used after removal of the inner bag 13 for collecting the hygienically pure ejaculate and discharging it into a container.
• the illustrated combination of an inner bag 13 and a tube 14 arranged over it has the advantage that the hygienically pure pre-secretion can be separated without the hose 14 serving to capture and discharge the hygenically pure ejaculate so contaminated.
• the inner bag 13 and the outer tube 14 are preferably produced in one piece and fastened together, ie, for example, by means of a common seam 16 on the grip strip 2. It is also conceivable to use a grip strip, as shown in FIG.
• Said bag 13 could alternatively have two open ends.
• a grip strip 2 is optionally arranged with the aid of adhesive strips or a loop at a point on the glove corresponding to the palm of the hand, as shown in FIG 3 is shown.
• the grip strip can be attached to the glove prior to the optional initial stimulation and eventual cleaning of the preputial area and protected from contamination by a second hygiene glove.
• the hygiene glove is stripped off.
• the handle strip 2 is used to surround the erect boar penis 3, as shown in FIG. 6, wherein ejaculation is stimulated by the application of pressure to the hand grasping the grip strip and the boar penis 3.
• a sheet of plastic or other suitable material for contact with seeds of a length is arranged under the grip strip 2 so that it extends to over the penis tip.
• the sheet By turning the grip strip around the penis, the sheet is formed into a tube and encloses the penis at least partially, depending on the width and shape.
• the grip strip 2 could also be fastened directly to it or integrated into it, as is shown, for example, in the case of the gripping strip 2 shown in FIG. showed grip strip 2 is the case.
• the grip strip 2 instead of a separate sheet of the already provided with the extension 12 grip strip 2 is used, whereby the handling is simplified.
• the aus ⁇ passing ejaculate is not directed in the longitudinal direction of the penis but to the side, so that it on the sheet or the extension and drips into a container held underneath. With the help of the leaf, losses in the production of the ejaculate can be avoided.
• the clamping device 1 With the aid of the fixing unit 6 provided on the clamping device 1, the clamping device 1 can be fastened to a boar phantom (not shown), so that during the rest of the ejaculation process further intervention or holding by an abdominal technician is no longer necessary.
• the ejaculate is collected in a container 7.
• the container may be a cup or bag preferably provided with a seed filter.
• the penis tip When using a grip strip (not shown in FIGS. 5 to 8) provided with the bag 13 described above or additionally with a hose 14 arranged above it, the penis tip is encompassed so that its front part is located at the edge of the bag 13 or something protrudes into it. After the onset of ejaculation and after the hygienically not pure Vorsekret was collected, the container 13 is separated from the grip strip. The pure ejaculate discharged in the following is collected by means of the hose 14 which is not contaminated by the pre-secretion and discharged into a further container.
• the uncontaminated hose 14 is passed through a conical ring (not shown) and folded back onto the ring.
• the conical ring which has an outer diameter corresponding to the opening of the container, is then introduced into the container until it is frictionally connected to the container in the manner of a stopper is and a tight connection between the hose 14 and the container is made. This ensures that ejaculate running in the tube reaches the container completely.
• this structure provides a largely closed system for the contamination-free collection of hygienically pure ejaculate and contamination of the ejaculate in the container by water, urine, dust, hair, dirt, feces, bacteria, etc. can be avoided.
• the loosened boar penis can be pulled out of the grip strip by the boar without assistance from the abdominal technician.
• the clamping jaw 5 of the clamping device 1 is released by turning with the aid of the nose 11 provided thereon and the grip strip is pulled out. If the clamping device has the above-described roller (s) with increased rotational resistance, the release of the grip strip takes place simply by turning the roller (s) by hand.
• the grip strip according to the invention is preferably sterilized before use and configured as a disposable article. It can be stored in a sterile package.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Reproductive Health (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
• Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-11-08 DE DE102004053796A patent/DE102004053796B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-11-07 WO PCT/EP2005/011886 patent/WO2006048320A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2005-11-07 EP EP05812126.0A patent/EP1827296B2/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2005-11-07 US US11/658,211 patent/US20080294130A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-11-07 MX MX2007005471A patent/MX2007005471A/es active IP Right Grant
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  • 2005-11-07 DE DE502005006906T patent/DE502005006906D1/de active Active
  • 2005-11-07 ES ES05812126T patent/ES2323322T3/es active Active
  • 2005-11-07 DK DK05812126T patent/DK1827296T3/da active
  • 2005-11-07 AT AT05812126T patent/ATE425716T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2013
  • 2013-07-17 US US13/944,314 patent/US20140024967A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-07-17 US US13/944,363 patent/US20140039431A1/en not_active Abandoned
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