EP1826328A1 - Fastening assembly - Google Patents
Fastening assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1826328A1 EP1826328A1 EP07003090A EP07003090A EP1826328A1 EP 1826328 A1 EP1826328 A1 EP 1826328A1 EP 07003090 A EP07003090 A EP 07003090A EP 07003090 A EP07003090 A EP 07003090A EP 1826328 A1 EP1826328 A1 EP 1826328A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- edge
- reinforcement
- anchoring
- building part
- anchorage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mounting arrangement on the edge of a stone-like structure part with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing such a fastening arrangement with the features of the preamble of claim 6.
- stone-like is a material of stone, brick, concrete, too Gas concrete, and the like. Meant. In particular, it is concrete.
- structural part expresses that it is attached to a structure. The explanation of the invention is based on concrete without the invention to be limited to this material.
- the invention has for its object to propose a mounting arrangement that reduces the risk of failure by splitting the structure part at near-edge anchoring.
- the fastening arrangement according to the invention has a reinforcement, the material fit, for example, by gluing in the area of Anchorage is attached to the building part.
- the reinforcement absorbs tensile forces of the structural part, which act by acting on the anchorage shear forces and possibly by a spreading effect of anchoring in the structural part. The tensile stresses in the structural part and thus the risk of splitting are reduced.
- the material connection between reinforcement and structural part distributes a transfer of the forces acting in the structural part on the reinforcement and vice versa over the area of the reinforcement and is therefore regarded as favorable for the power transmission.
- the attachment of the reinforcement without drilling or other weakening of the structural part is possible.
- the fastening arrangement according to the invention is of course also possible in the region of a corner of a building part, where two edges abut each other.
- An embodiment of the invention provides a fiber reinforcement as reinforcement.
- a fiber mat (scrim, fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, etc.) is glued to the building part.
- a fiber direction is provided transversely to the edge of the building part. Due to the fiber reinforcement, a high tensile strength of the reinforcement is achieved.
- the fiber reinforcement adapts to the surface of the building part.
- the reinforcement extends in one direction from the anchorage to the edge of the building part and / or extends in the other direction away from the building part inwards.
- a large and far inward reinforcement reduces the risk of splitting of the component.
- a development of the invention provides that the reinforcement extends around an edge on the edge of the building part to an edge surface which is adjacent to an anchoring surface.
- the anchoring surface is the surface in which the anchoring is attached.
- the method according to the invention with the features of claim 6 provides that the reinforcement is attached to the structural part in a material-locking manner in an area surrounding the anchoring, for example by gluing it on, and that the anchoring is applied in the reinforcement in the structural part. Preferably, but not necessarily, first the reinforcement and then the anchoring is applied.
- FIGURE shows a perspective view of a fastening arrangement according to the invention.
- the inventive fastening arrangement 1 shown in FIG. 1 is arranged on the edge of a building part 2.
- the building part 2 consists of concrete, which can be reinforced.
- the building part 2 may be, for example, a balcony or terrace slab or the transition from a roof to a wall surface.
- An upper side of the building part 2 will be referred to below as anchoring surface 3 to explain the invention, because in it an anchorage 4 is mounted according to the invention.
- An area of the building part 2 which adjoins an edge 5 will be referred to below as the edge area 6.
- the edge 5 and the edge surface 6 represent an edge of the anchoring surface 3 and the structural part 2.
- the anchor 4 has an anchor 7 in the form of a threaded rod.
- the anchor 7 is anchored in a non-visible in the drawing hole in the building part 2 by means of a synthetic resin mortar, i. firmly attached.
- a synthetic resin mortar i. firmly attached.
- another anchoring with, for example, a (spreading) dowel or an undercut anchor is possible (not shown).
- the anchoring is arranged close to the edge, which is to be understood as an edge distance of about 30 mm to 50 mm. Even with a larger (or smaller) edge distance the mounting arrangement according to the invention is possible.
- Near the edge in the context of the invention is less than absolute edge distance to be understood as determined by the risk of splitting the building part 2 at a transverse load of the armature 7, so by the risk of chipping off a fragment of the building part 2 together with the armature 7 due to a transverse load the anchor 7. At high edge distance, this danger is not or is very low anyway.
- a reinforcement 8 is firmly attached to the building part 2.
- the reinforcement 8 is a fiber reinforcement, it has a fiber mat (fiber fabric) 9.
- the fibers may be, for example, glass, carbon, plastic or metal fibers.
- the fiber mat 9 surrounds the anchoring 4, it is folded around the edge 5 on the edge surface 6 of the building part 2. On the anchoring surface 3, the fiber mat 9 extends from the edge 5, ie from the edge of the building part 2, over the anchoring 4 away inside.
- the fiber mat 9 is connected to the synthetic resin mortar 10th soaked and connected by him with the building part 2 cohesively.
- the reinforcement 8 is laid by the anchoring surface 3 on both adjacent edge surfaces forming the corner and glued (not shown).
- the anchorage 4 is used, for example, for attaching a railing, not shown, it may be exposed to a transversely directed to the edge or edge away lateral stress.
- the reinforcement 8 reduces the risk of splitting of the structural part 2 in such a transverse stress of the anchorage 4, the anchorage 4 can be arranged closer to the edge of the structural part 2.
- the production of the fastening arrangement 1 is carried out according to the invention by the fiber mat 9 glued to the anchoring surface 3 and the edge surface 6, drilled a hole for the anchor rod 7 and the anchor rod 7 is anchored in the borehole with a synthetic resin mortar.
- the anchoring 4 it is also possible first to produce the anchoring 4 and then to glue the reinforcement 8 onto the structural part 2.
- a fiber direction is preferably selected such that fibers of the reinforcement 8 extend approximately at right angles to the edge 5, that is, to the edge of the building part 2.
Landscapes
- Architecture (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
- Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Befestigungsanordnung am Rand eines steinartigen Bauwerksteils mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer derartigen Befestigungsanordnung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 6. Mit "steinartig" ist ein Werkstoff aus Stein, Ziegel, Beton, auch Gasbeton, und dgl. gemeint. Insbesondere handelt es sich um Beton. Mit "Bauwerksteil" wird zum Ausdruck gebracht, dass die Befestigung an einem Bauwerk erfolgt. Die Erläuterung der Erfindung erfolgt anhand Beton ohne die Erfindung auf diesen Werkstoff zu beschränken.The invention relates to a mounting arrangement on the edge of a stone-like structure part with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing such a fastening arrangement with the features of the preamble of
Es ist bekannt, Bauteile mit beispielsweise Dübeln oder Ankern in einem Bohrloch in einem Bauwerksteil zu befestigen, d.h. im Bauwerksteil zu verankern. Bei einer Querbeanspruchung der Verankerung ist eine mögliche Versagensart ein Spalten des Bauwerksteils. Insbesondere bei einer randnahen Verankerung ist die Gefahr eines Spaltens des Bauwerksteils hoch. Durch einen ausreichenden Randabstand der Verankerung wird das Risiko eines Versagens durch Spalten des Bauwerksteils vermieden oder jedenfalls verringert. Das Risiko des Spaltens des Bauwerksteils ist besonders groß bei einer Verankerung mit Spreizdübeln aufgrund der Spreizkraft. Günstiger, aber regelmäßig aufwendiger sind spreizdruckfreie Verankerungen. Ein typischer Anwendungsfall einer randnahen Verankerung mit hoher Querkraft ist die Verankerung von Geländern.It is known to fasten components with, for example, dowels or anchors in a borehole in a structural part, i. to anchor in the structural part. For a transverse load of the anchorage is a possible failure type a columns of the building part. Especially with a near-edge anchorage, the risk of splitting of the building part is high. Sufficient edge distance of the anchorage avoids or at least reduces the risk of failure by splitting the structural part. The risk of splitting of the building part is particularly great in anchoring with expansion dowels due to the spreading force. Cheaper, but regularly consuming are spreader pressure-free anchors. A typical application of anchoring close to the edge with high lateral force is the anchoring of railings.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Befestigungsanordnung vorzuschlagen, die das Risiko des Versagens durch Spalten des Bauwerksteils bei randnaher Verankerung verringert.The invention has for its object to propose a mounting arrangement that reduces the risk of failure by splitting the structure part at near-edge anchoring.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und des Anspruchs 6 gelöst. Die erfindungsgemäße Befestigungsanordnung weist eine Verstärkung auf, die stoffschlüssig beispielsweise durch Kleben im Bereich der Verankerung am Bauwerksteil angebracht ist. Die Verstärkung nimmt Zugkräfte des Bauwerksteils auf, die durch auf die Verankerung einwirkenden Querkräfte und ggf. durch eine Spreizwirkung der Verankerung im Bauwerksteil wirken. Die Zugspannungen im Bauwerksteil und damit die Gefahr einer Spaltung sind verringert. Der Stoffschluss zwischen Verstärkung und Bauwerksteil verteilt eine Übertragung der im Bauwerksteil wirkenden Kräfte auf die Verstärkung und umgekehrt über die Fläche der Verstärkung und wird deswegen als günstig für die Kraftübertragung angesehen. Außerdem ist die Anbringung der Verstärkung ohne Bohren oder sonstige Schwächung des Bauwerksteils möglich. Die erfindungsgemäße Befestigungsanordnung ist selbstverständlich auch im Bereich einer Ecke eines Bauwerksteils möglich, wo zwei Ränder aufeinander stoßen.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and claim 6. The fastening arrangement according to the invention has a reinforcement, the material fit, for example, by gluing in the area of Anchorage is attached to the building part. The reinforcement absorbs tensile forces of the structural part, which act by acting on the anchorage shear forces and possibly by a spreading effect of anchoring in the structural part. The tensile stresses in the structural part and thus the risk of splitting are reduced. The material connection between reinforcement and structural part distributes a transfer of the forces acting in the structural part on the reinforcement and vice versa over the area of the reinforcement and is therefore regarded as favorable for the power transmission. In addition, the attachment of the reinforcement without drilling or other weakening of the structural part is possible. The fastening arrangement according to the invention is of course also possible in the region of a corner of a building part, where two edges abut each other.
Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht eine Faserverstärkung als Verstärkung vor. Beispielsweise ist eine Fasermatte (Gelege, Gewebe, Gewirk, Gestrick etc.) auf das Bauwerksteil aufgeklebt. Insbesondere ist eine Faserrichtung quer zum Rand des Bauwerksteils vorgesehen. Durch die Faserverstärkung wird eine hohe Zugbelastbarkeit der Verstärkung erreicht. Außerdem passt sich die Faserverstärkung an die Oberfläche des Bauwerksteils an.An embodiment of the invention provides a fiber reinforcement as reinforcement. For example, a fiber mat (scrim, fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, etc.) is glued to the building part. In particular, a fiber direction is provided transversely to the edge of the building part. Due to the fiber reinforcement, a high tensile strength of the reinforcement is achieved. In addition, the fiber reinforcement adapts to the surface of the building part.
Vorzugsweise reicht die Verstärkung in einer Richtung von der Verankerung bis zum Rand des Bauwerksteils und/oder erstreckt sich in der anderen Richtung weg vom Bauwerksteil nach innen. Durch eine großflächige und weit nach innen reichende Verstärkung wird die Gefahr des Spaltens des Bauteils verringert. Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Verstärkung um eine Kante am Rand des Bauwerksteils auf eine Randfläche reicht, die einer Verankerungsfläche benachbart ist. Die Verankerungsfläche ist die Fläche, in der die Verankerung angebracht ist. Indem die Verstärkung auch auf der Randfläche aufgebracht ist und auf die Verankerungsfläche reicht, wird die Gefahr eines Spaltens des Bauteils weiter verringert.Preferably, the reinforcement extends in one direction from the anchorage to the edge of the building part and / or extends in the other direction away from the building part inwards. A large and far inward reinforcement reduces the risk of splitting of the component. A development of the invention provides that the reinforcement extends around an edge on the edge of the building part to an edge surface which is adjacent to an anchoring surface. The anchoring surface is the surface in which the anchoring is attached. By the reinforcement is also applied to the edge surface and extends to the anchoring surface, the risk of splitting of the component is further reduced.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6 sieht vor, dass die Verstärkung stoffschlüssig in einem die Verankerung umgebenden Bereich am Bauwerksteil angebracht, beispielsweise aufgeklebt wird, und dass die Verankerung in der Verstärkung im Bauwerksteil angebracht wird. Vorzugsweise, jedoch nicht zwingend, wird zuerst die Verstärkung und danach die Verankerung angebracht.The method according to the invention with the features of
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt eine perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsanordnung.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. The single FIGURE shows a perspective view of a fastening arrangement according to the invention.
Die in Figur 1 dargestellte, erfindungsgemäße Befestigungsanordnung 1 ist am Rand eines Bauwerksteils 2 angeordnet. Das Bauwerksteil 2 besteht aus Beton, der armiert sein kann. Das Bauwerksteil 2 kann beispielsweise eine Balkon- oder Terrassenplatte oder der Übergang von einer Dach- zu einer Wandfläche sein. Eine Oberseite des Bauwerksteils 2 wird zur Erläuterung der Erfindung nachfolgend als Verankerungsfläche 3 bezeichnet werden, weil in ihr eine Verankerung 4 erfindungsgemäß angebracht ist. Eine über eine Kante 5 angrenzende Fläche des Bauwerksteils 2 wird nachfolgend als Randfläche 6 bezeichnet werden. Die Kante 5 und die Randfläche 6 stellen einen Rand der Verankerungsfläche 3 und des Bauwerksteils 2 dar.The inventive fastening arrangement 1 shown in FIG. 1 is arranged on the edge of a building part 2. The building part 2 consists of concrete, which can be reinforced. The building part 2 may be, for example, a balcony or terrace slab or the transition from a roof to a wall surface. An upper side of the building part 2 will be referred to below as anchoring surface 3 to explain the invention, because in it an anchorage 4 is mounted according to the invention. An area of the building part 2 which adjoins an
Die Verankerung 4 weist einen Anker 7 in Form einer Gewindestange auf. Der Anker 7 ist in einem in der Zeichnung nicht sichtbaren Bohrloch im Bauwerksteil 2 mittels eines Kunstharzmörtels verankert, d.h. stoffschlüssig befestigt. Grundsätzlich ist auch eine andere Verankerung mit beispielsweise einem (Spreiz-)Dübel oder einem Hinterschnittanker möglich (nicht dargestellt). Die Verankerung ist randnah angeordnet, worunter ein Randabstand von etwa 30 mm bis 50 mm zu verstehen ist. Auch bei einem größeren (oder auch kleineren) Randabstand ist die erfindungsgemäße Befestigungsanordnung möglich. Randnah im Sinne der Erfindung ist weniger als absoluter Randabstand zu verstehen als vielmehr durch die Gefahr eines Spaltens des Bauwerksteils 2 bei einer Querbeanspruchung des Ankers 7 bestimmt, also durch die Gefahr eines Abplatzens eines Bruchstücks vom Bauwerksteil 2 zusammen mit dem Anker 7 infolge einer Querbeanspruchung mit dem Anker 7. Bei großem Randabstand besteht diese Gefahr nicht oder ist jedenfalls sehr gering.The anchor 4 has an
Im Bereich der Verankerung 4 ist eine Verstärkung 8 stoffschlüssig am Bauwerksteil 2 angebracht. Die Verstärkung 8 ist eine Faserverstärkung, sie weist eine Fasermatte (Fasergelege) 9 auf. Die Fasern können beispielsweise Glas-, Kohle-, Kunststoff- oder Metallfasern sein. Die Fasermatte 9 umgibt die Verankerung 4, sie ist um die Kante 5 auf die Randfläche 6 des Bauwerksteils 2 umgelegt. Auf der Verankerungsfläche 3 reicht die Fasermatte 9 von der Kante 5, also vom Rand des Bauwerksteils 2, über die Verankerung 4 hinweg nach innen. Die Fasermatte 9 ist mit dem Kunstharzmörtel 10 getränkt und durch ihn mit dem Bauwerksteil 2 stoffschlüssig verbunden. Befindet sich die Verankerung 4 im Bereich einer Ecke des Bauwerksteils 2, wird die Verstärkung 8 von der Verankerungsfläche 3 auf beide angrenzenden, die Ecke bildenden Randflächen gelegt und aufgeklebt (nicht dargestellt). Die Verankerung 4 dient beispielsweise zur Befestigung eines nicht dargestellten Geländers, sie kann einer quer zum Rand oder vom Rand weg gerichteten Querbeanspruchung ausgesetzt sein. Die Verstärkung 8 verringert das Risiko eines Spaltens des Bauwerksteils 2 bei einer solchen Querbeanspruchung der Verankerung 4, die Verankerung 4 kann näher am Rand des Bauwerksteils 2 angeordnet werden.In the area of the anchoring 4, a reinforcement 8 is firmly attached to the building part 2. The reinforcement 8 is a fiber reinforcement, it has a fiber mat (fiber fabric) 9. The fibers may be, for example, glass, carbon, plastic or metal fibers. The fiber mat 9 surrounds the anchoring 4, it is folded around the
Die Herstellung der Befestigungsanordnung 1 erfolgt erfindungsgemäß, indem die Fasermatte 9 auf die Verankerungsfläche 3 und die Randfläche 6 aufgeklebt, ein Loch für die Ankerstange 7 gebohrt und die Ankerstange 7 mit einem Kunstharzmörtel im Bohrloch verankert wird. Es kann auch umgekehrt zuerst die Verankerung 4 hergestellt und anschließend die Verstärkung 8 auf das Bauwerksteil 2 aufgeklebt werden. Eine Faserrichtung wird vorzugsweise so gewählt, dass Fasern der Verstärkung 8 in etwa rechtwinklig zur Kante 5, also zum Rand des Bauwerksteils 2, verlaufen.The production of the fastening arrangement 1 is carried out according to the invention by the fiber mat 9 glued to the anchoring surface 3 and the
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL07003090T PL1826328T3 (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2007-02-14 | Fastening assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006008658A DE102006008658A1 (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2006-02-24 | mounting assembly |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1826328A1 true EP1826328A1 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
EP1826328B1 EP1826328B1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
Family
ID=37964369
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07003090A Not-in-force EP1826328B1 (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2007-02-14 | Fastening assembly |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070199264A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1826328B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007224712A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101024978A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE415526T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102006008658A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1826328T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2317596T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1826328T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10508434B2 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-12-17 | Nutech Ventures | Mechanical connection for concrete structures |
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2006
- 2006-02-24 DE DE102006008658A patent/DE102006008658A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-02-14 DK DK07003090T patent/DK1826328T3/en active
- 2007-02-14 DE DE502007000242T patent/DE502007000242D1/en active Active
- 2007-02-14 EP EP07003090A patent/EP1826328B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-02-14 ES ES07003090T patent/ES2317596T3/en active Active
- 2007-02-14 PL PL07003090T patent/PL1826328T3/en unknown
- 2007-02-14 AT AT07003090T patent/ATE415526T1/en active
- 2007-02-19 US US11/676,419 patent/US20070199264A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-02-23 JP JP2007044196A patent/JP2007224712A/en active Pending
- 2007-02-25 CN CNA2007100058021A patent/CN101024978A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3316574A (en) * | 1965-07-28 | 1967-05-02 | Pare Robert Lee | Road expansion joint |
WO1997001686A1 (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 1997-01-16 | Hexcel-Fyfe Co., L.L.C. | Fabric reinforced beams and beam connections |
EP0835355B1 (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 2002-10-02 | Fyfe Co. LLC | Fabric reinforced beams and beam connections |
EP1033455A1 (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2000-09-06 | Freyssinet International Stup | Method and device for reinforcing a concrete structure |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 199709, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1997-100247, XP002433398 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070199264A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
DE102006008658A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
EP1826328B1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
ATE415526T1 (en) | 2008-12-15 |
ES2317596T3 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
DE502007000242D1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
PL1826328T3 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
CN101024978A (en) | 2007-08-29 |
DK1826328T3 (en) | 2009-03-30 |
JP2007224712A (en) | 2007-09-06 |
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