EP1481138B1 - Use of a film to join and/or seal and/or statically reinforce two rigid surfaces or surfaces which can move towards each other - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for joining and/or sealing and/or statically reinforcing two rigid surfaces or surfaces which can move towards each other, preferably foundations such as those used for buildings, bridge constructions or a roof, especially a concrete roof or for the formation of a watertight tub or tub for a swimming pool or a folded panel for tunnel walls offering protection against water, damp, moisture or, optionally, gases. A film (3), especially a hypalon or plastic film or a carbon lamellar strip,optionally with a glass fibre reinforcement, is arranged in the region of the join or seal, with the aid of an adhesive (2), especially an expoxy adhesive. At least one surface of the film (3) or carbon strip is enlarged prior to activation or production of the join or application of the adhesive (2).

Description

The invention relates to a use of a film for joining and / or sealing and / or static reinforcing two rigid or mutually movable surfaces, preferably a foundation, for example a building foundation, bridge constructions or a roof, in particular concrete roof or to form a watertight trough or a swimming pool tub or a Faltpaneel or for tunnel walls against water, moisture, moisture or possibly gases, wherein in the region of the compound or the seal a film, in particular a Hypalon- or plastic film optionally with a reinforcement of glass fibers, by means of an adhesive, in particular an epoxy adhesive , is arranged.

Concrete has been by far the most important building material for many years. Highways, tunnels, the entire urban sewer, skyscrapers, bridges or the like could not be built without concrete as we are used to. Concrete is universally applicable, easy to process and comparatively cheap. Due to these properties, concrete is used worldwide and is an indispensable part of the construction industry.

But the concrete also has two properties that are very unpleasant when used as a building material. Structural engineers and construction technicians had to learn by which measures these properties can be compensated. First, concrete can not transmit tensile stress and very poor dynamic cycling. If concrete is subjected to tension, it must be reinforced with steel, whereby the steel bars take over the tensile load. This steel-reinforced concrete is then called reinforced concrete.

The second negative property is its porosity. Even with aggregates and special processing can not be prevented that the concrete is interspersed with micro-fine cavities. If the concrete is exposed unprotected to wind and weather, pollutants such as e.g. Salt water, acid rain or aggressive air in the pores and damage the concrete. For example, if the temperature is below freezing, the water freezes and blows up the concrete, causing it to decompose or crumble. That means unprotected concrete has a limited lifespan.

Especially with reinforced concrete, the ingress of water is critical, because this water corrodes the steel and thereby reduces the force-transmitting cross sections of the steel rods. If the rusting reaches a certain size, individual steel bars can no longer transmit and tear the forces. It comes in the episode, similar to the domino effect, to an overload of the adjacent bars, even if they are not rusted, which then also fail, so that the entire construction or the building collapses. Numerous total losses have been documented in the literature due to collapse of the reinforced concrete supporting structure as a result of uncontrolled reinforcing corrosion.

The dangerous penetration of pollutants, in particular of water can only be prevented by suitable protective measures such as waterproof paints or plastic films. Basically, the life of the concrete depends, among other things, very much on the quality of the protective measures to prevent predominantly water penetration and the associated uncontrolled Armierungskorrosion.

So is out of the DE 43 34 560 A1 a method for sealing floors or walls in swimming pools, large kitchens, wet rooms od. Like. Known. For this process, a film is used which has been factory-made sanded on both sides. Since the application of the sand layer on the smooth film surface must be made via an adhesive or other adhesive, the above-mentioned problem arises.

Furthermore, is from the GB 786 614 A a method for sealing two rigid surfaces of a concrete roof, wherein in the region of the cover, a roughened plastic film is attached.

From the US 6 145 260 A is a method for joining, sealing and static reinforcing two surfaces known in which a plate is used with carbon fins.

In addition, from the DE 44 18 629 A1 a method for the production of sealing walls is known, in which one introduces a geotextile mat in a not yet hydraulically hardened sealing wall mass suspension. This mat contains swellable smectite between geotextile layers in water. A disadvantage of this method is the extremely long processing time, which can extend over several days.

Furthermore, from the DE 199 61 693 A1 a laying method for a waterproof covering known. In this method, webs are overlapped with each other, the webs having a layer of elastomeric bitumen rubber. A disadvantage of this method, however, is that before laying these tracks problematic areas, such as corners, must be lined with other courses without topcoat before.

For cost reasons, paints from the most diverse, waterproof materials such as paints, liquid plastics, special mortar but also certain material mixtures, such as cement-bound mortar with epoxy resins or the like have prevailed. These paints are applied by hand or by machine to the finished, that is to say, hardened concrete. There are different methods and methods for putting on such as painting, rolling or spraying. Polymer bitumen membranes are also common, but they are applied more expensively by scarfing.

The disadvantage of these paints is that they also generally have a limited lifespan and are leaking or becoming defective in the event of improper application or damage.

Another serious disadvantage of these paints, including polymer bitumen webs, is the very low crack-bridging capacity. The formation of cracks in the concrete is practically impossible to prevent. Cracks can be caused either by the change of the concrete properties during the transition liquid to solid, such as setting of the concrete, shrinkage and shrinkage or by the heat of hydration. Improper applications, such as design errors or unscheduled overloads, as well as processing errors, such as concreting errors or improper reinforcement, cause cracks.

But there are also engineer-planned interruptions in power flow, such as the joints. Due to the construction of long and over several fields continuously manufactured structures, such as bridges, tunnels or canals, construction joints are inevitable. Even with components that are prefabricated in the factory and assembled on site, construction joints can not be avoided.

Every defect in the concrete, such as cracks, pores or joints, disturbs the flow of forces, ie at the transitions from the concrete to the air, for example at the edges of the cracks, stress peaks occur. These can generally be broken down satisfactorily not only with the usual fillers, such as mortar, cement, plastics or mixtures of materials, with which the cracks or joints have been filled.

A complete reduction of the voltage peaks is absolutely necessary, because otherwise the crack can be formed again. This means that the residual stress must be dissipated via a local crack bridging. Since the paints are barely able to do so, as described above, special plastic films such as SIKA Icosit liquid film MS are used. These plastic films can not only transmit forces, but also reliably seal the crack including the environment. In addition, for example, the liquid applied plastic films have very important properties for easy processing. They can be easily applied to not completely dry concrete and a dew point below the application does not affect the quality of the film.

In order to be able to use films for power transmission, they must be coated with adhesives, e.g. Epoxy resins are stuck to the concrete. For this purpose, the concrete is pretreated accordingly, such as cleaned and roughened and applied a layer of adhesive. Subsequently, the film is applied so that no bubbles, wrinkles or other irregularities can occur.

In most cases, when adhering with, for example, epoxy resin, the adhesive tensile strength is sufficient to largely exclude large-scale detachments. Crack bridging of cracks from, for example, dynamic loading of less than one millimeter is also perfectly adequate in most cases.

Such a waterproofing membrane for buildings is from the DE 200 14 903 U1 known. This sealing strip has a sealing polyethylene sealing film with a self-adhesive self-adhesive layer and a release film resting thereon.

The disadvantage of this method is that only relatively small forces can be transmitted through the films. The adhesive adheres perfectly to the concrete, the adhesion is not optimal only on the smooth surface of the films, so that only a limited force can be transmitted via the film.

Another sealant and cover material in the form of a film composite is from the DE 35 24 580 C2 known. This film has an intermediate layer, which is releasable at leaks of the film composite and undergoes an increase in volume on contact with water or air. So that leaks are self-sealed when they arise. It is easy to see that with such a film composite only the smallest hairline cracks can be sealed.

Particularly disadvantageous is the limited power transmission when gluing tear-resistant bands, such as carbon strips, such as SIKA CarboDur lamellae, or steel straps for static reinforcement of concrete structures.

The importance of static reinforcement of concrete structures, especially bridges, is increasing rapidly. On the one hand, the construction of new bridges is increasingly hampered by the awakening environmental awareness of the population. As a result, existing bridges have to cope with the increased volume of traffic with ever-increasing loads, for which they are sometimes not even dimensioned. On the other hand, bridges are also subject to signs of aging, such as fatigue fractures, which are exacerbated by external influences and drastically reduce the structural integrity of the bridges.

This results in the need to refurbish and reinforce existing bridges. This applies to a lesser extent for other structures such as tunnels, sewers or the like.

The static reinforcement, ie the increase in the load-bearing capacity of concrete structures by applying additional concrete layers is only expedient in exceptional cases. Expedient and therefore generally used is the bonding of high-strength tapes or fins made of, for example, steel or carbon on the concrete. Since steel straps or carbon fins can transmit very high tensile forces, the low adhesion of the adhesive to the smooth surfaces proves to be particularly disadvantageous.

The object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned above, on the one hand avoids the above disadvantages and on the other hand creates a simple and economical way to transfer large forces by gluing high-strength tapes on the concrete parts.

The object is achieved by the invention.

The inventive use of the film is characterized in that the film has at least one artificially or arbitrarily enlarged surface, wherein the surface of the film in the course of their production by honeycomb or knob-shaped, protruding from its or in its surface, surveys or depressions or by fine Barbed is enlarged. With the invention it is now possible to transfer much higher forces by adhering high-strength films on the concrete surface. With a comparable increase in load significantly less glued films are required with the use of the invention or significantly larger forces can be transmitted with the same number of reinforcing sheets. Less elaborately glued films shorten the workload, which is very important because in particular bridge rehabilitation or reinforcements should be done with the least possible obstruction of traffic.

The enlargement of the surface of the film is in the course of their production, for example by honeycomb or knob-shaped, protruding from its or in its surface, surveys or depressions or by fine biting performed. This embodiment of the method thus allows to carry out the surface enlargement already in the film production. This has the advantage that the most time-consuming treatment of the films for subsequent surface enlargement does not have to be done on the construction site, where not always suitable equipment and tools are available. In addition, the film production is hardly changed or impaired by the surface enlargement according to the invention, so that the production costs should increase only marginally.

According to the invention, the surface of the film in the course of their production, for example, by honeycomb or knob-shaped, protruding from its or in its surface, elevations or depressions or by fine biting increased. An economic production of the film or the carbon ribbon is guaranteed. Due to the enlarged surface, a higher adhesive pull-off torque is achieved after bonding the film. The better adhesion prevents blistering and thus crack formation in concrete, for example. This avoids so-called frost damage.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated in the drawing.

Fig. 1

eine Folie mit vergrößerter Oberfläche,

Fig. 2

eine Fundamentabdichtung und

Fig. 3

eine Tunnelauskleidung.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a film with an enlarged surface,

Fig. 2

a foundation seal and

Fig. 3

a tunnel lining.

According to the Fig. 1 is a form of surface enlargement of a film 3, in particular a Hypalon (TM) or plastic film, optionally represented with a reinforcement of glass fibers, for example by a plurality of nubs 15 and / or depressions 16. On a cleaned and roughened example by shot peening surface of a concrete 1 is an adhesive 2, in particular an epoxy adhesive applied. The film 3 is applied to the adhesive 2 with the enlarged surface. As a result of the increased surface area, the adhesive peel force or the peel-off torque increases, so that larger forces can be transmitted via the film 3. This prevents, for example, that in the region of a crack 4 detachments of the film 3 from the concrete 1 can occur. These detachments of the films 3 can subsequently cause leaks and, for example, lead to the ingress of moisture, moisture and water or possibly of aggressive gases with all the negative effects on the concrete 1.

If the cracks 4 are generated, for example, as a result of material fatigue as a result of aging or overloading of the concrete 1, the stress peaks arising at the edges of the cracks 4 can be broken down by the significantly higher adhesive pull forces or the higher adhesive withdrawal torques, and thus the structural safety of the concrete structure be restored or even increased.

Of course, both surfaces can be increased in the film 3. That is, for example, both surfaces of the film 3 nubs 15 o. The like. On.

According to the Fig. 2 For example, the joining and / or sealing and / or the static strengthening of two rigid or mutually movable surfaces, preferably a foundation, for example a building foundation with a wall is shown. But it could also be a roof, in particular a concrete roof, possibly with a wall.

A base plate 5 of a building foundation with the cleaned and roughened example by shot peening surface of the concrete 1 and a concrete wall 6 with the cleaned and roughened concrete surface 7 is provided with adhesive 2. A film 3, in particular a Hypalon (TM) or Plastic film, optionally with a reinforcement made of glass fibers, with an enlarged surface is applied to the adhesive 2. The bottom plate 5 is, as known, made with a reinforcement 8 and a joint tape 9, as well as the concrete wall 6 is made. Due to the increase in surface area of the film 3, correspondingly higher forces can be absorbed by the film 3, so that neither local detachment nor possibly possible damage to the film 3 can occur.

In particular, the effects of unintentional relative movements of the individual concrete elements to one another as a result of extraordinary stresses, such as uncontrolled shrinkage, shrinkage or setting of the concrete 1, or yielding of the foundation, can be largely compensated by the higher adhesive pull-off forces or the higher adhesive pull-off torques. As a result, however, a permanent seal against the ingress of moisture, moisture and water or possibly of aggressive gases, with all the negative effects on the concrete 1 is ensured.

According to Fig. 3 the seal or the static reinforcement of example tunnel linings is shown. The tunnel profile worked out of a rock, for example rock 10, is stabilized and secured by means of rock anchors 13. The application of shotcrete 12 with appropriate reinforcement 11 is known and customary. On the concrete surface 14 of the lining with shotcrete 12 of the adhesive 2, preferably an epoxy adhesive, applied and the film 3, in particular a Hypalon- or plastic film, optionally glued with a reinforcement of glass fibers, with the enlarged surface. Subsequently, the tunnel surface is completed with the known shell concrete lining 15.

Due to the increase in surface area of the film 3, correspondingly higher forces can be absorbed by the film 3, so that substantially higher adhesive peel forces or higher peel-off torque are achieved. Thereby There may be neither local detachment of the film 3 nor cracking in the concrete 1, which may arise, for example, by unforeseen subsidence in the rock or other unplanned shifts in the balance of forces. It can therefore be ensured the unrestricted functioning of the structure over its entire life.

In this particular application, the enlargement of both surfaces of the film 3 has proven to be extremely advantageous.

Claims (1)

1. Use of a film for joining and/or sealing and/or statically reinforcing two rigid surfaces or surfaces which can move towards each other, preferably foundations such as those used for buildings, bridge constructions or a roof, especially a concrete roof or for the formation of a watertight tub or tub for a swimming pool or a folded panel or for tunnel walls offering protection against water, damp, moisture or, optionally, gases, whereby a film, especially a hypalon (TM) or plastic film, optionally with a glass fibre reinforcement, is arranged in the region of the join or seal with the aid of an adhesive, especially an expoxy adhesive, characterized in that the film (3) comprises at least one artificially or randomly enlarged surface, whereby the surface of the foil (3) is enlarged in the course of its production by honeycomb-shaped or burl-shaped elevations (15) or indentations (16) projecting out of or into its surface or by fine barbs.

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