EP2096218B1 - Method for connecting, reinforcing or insulating at least one surface - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for joining, reinforcing or insulating at least one surface or for joining two rigid or mutually movable surfaces or structures, in particular in construction, wherein in the region of the compound, a prefabricated film or a foil composite or a prefabricated fiber composite material, preferably from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic, optionally with a reinforcement of glass and / or steel fibers, by means of an adhesion promoter, such as adhesive or mortar or gel, is arranged, wherein for cold bonding on site provided with the adhesion promoter areas on the side facing away from the adhesion promoter side of the film or the fiber composite material are exposed immediately after their assembly for the compound, an oscillating and / or vibrating and / or pulsating force perpendicular to the adhesive plane, the air leakage and saturation of the splice.

As a base, concrete has been by far the most important building material for many years. Buildings, skyscrapers, highways, tunnels, the entire municipal sewers, bridges or the like could not be built without concrete as we are used to. Concrete is universally applicable, easy to process and comparatively cheap. Due to these properties, concrete is used worldwide and is an indispensable part of the construction industry.

But the concrete also has two properties that are very unpleasant when used as a building material. Structural engineers and construction technicians had to learn by which measures these properties can be compensated. First, concrete can not transmit tensile stress and very poor dynamic cycling. If concrete is subjected to tension, it must be reinforced with steel, whereby the steel bars take over the tensile load. This steel-reinforced concrete is then called reinforced concrete.

The second negative property is its porosity. Even with graded aggregates and special processing can not be prevented that the concrete is interspersed with micro-fine cavities. If the concrete is exposed unprotected to wind and weather, pollutants such as e.g. Salt water, acid rain or aggressive air in the pores and damage the concrete. For example, if the temperature is below freezing, the water freezes and blows up the concrete, causing it to decompose or crumble. That means: unprotected concrete has only a limited lifespan.

Especially with reinforced concrete, the ingress of water is critical, because this water corrodes the steel and thereby reduces the force-transmitting cross sections of the steel rods. If the rusting reaches a certain size, individual steel bars can no longer transmit and tear the forces. It comes in the episode, similar to the domino effect, to an overload of the adjacent bars, even if they are not rusted, which then also fail, so that the entire construction or the building collapses. Numerous total losses have been documented in the literature due to collapse of the reinforced concrete supporting structure as a result of uncontrolled reinforcing corrosion.

Similar damage can occur if wood is used as building material. Similarly, damage to facades where metal, glass, plastic panels are glued to concrete or with a suitable substructure may occur.

The dangerous penetration of pollutants, in particular of water, can only be prevented by suitable protective measures such as waterproof paints or plastic films. Basically, the life of the structure depends, among other things, very much on the quality of the protective measures to prevent predominantly water penetration and the associated uncontrolled Armierungskorrosion.

However, should concrete surfaces or structures against oppressive water, so negative, not be sealed, is expected to emigrate or infiltrate the liquid medium.

In order to provide an improved adhesive structure has been in the AT 411 178 B1 suggested that the surface of the film is increased.

From the EP 0 717 161 A2 For example, there is known a tile floor manufacturing method in which vibration treatment can be applied to the compacting treatment. For a high-quality tile floor according to DIN standard, different layers are required for a composite construction with a high surface quality. For vibration treatment, a vibrator for the compactness of this composite structure can be considered.

Furthermore, from the EP 0 013 928 A1 a method for applying a multilayer protective layer on concrete walls od. Like. Known. For example, in this document, a concrete flat roof is shown with a support cover, wherein on the cover a thick film is applied, which is glued with an insulating layer. Furthermore, a sealed with a plastic film tunnel is described, wherein the film is provided with a textile lamination, followed by an adhesive on both sides. The disadvantage of this plastic film is the immense effort in the production.

Far is out of the US 4,942,095A a metallic foil is known in which the surface is increased by chemical or mechanical treatment, so that a stable adhesion between the enlarged surface of this film and a thermoplastic is achieved.

For cost reasons, paints made of the most diverse, waterproof materials such as paints, liquid plastics, special mortar, but also certain material mixtures, such as cement-bound mortar with epoxy resins or the like have prevailed. These paints are applied by hand or by machine to the finished, that is to say, hardened concrete. There are different methods and methods of application such as painting, rolling or spraying. Also Polymer bitumen membranes are common, but they are applied more expensively by scarfing.

The disadvantage of these measures is that in general they also have only a limited life and are leaking or being in a short time in case of improper application or subsequent damage.
Another serious disadvantage of these paints, including polymer bitumen webs, is the very low crack-bridging capacity. The formation of cracks in the concrete is practically impossible to prevent. Cracks can be caused either by the change of the concrete properties during the transition liquid to solid, such as setting of the concrete, shrinkage and shrinkage or by the heat of hydration. Improper applications, such as design errors or unscheduled overloads, as well as processing errors, such as concreting errors or improper reinforcement, cause cracks.

Every defect in the concrete, such as cracks, pores or joints, interferes with the flow of forces, ie at the transitions from the concrete to the air, for example at the edges of the cracks, stress peaks occur. In general, these can not only satisfactorily degrade with the usual fillers, such as mortar, cement, plastics or blends of materials that have filled in the cracks or joints.

A complete reduction of the voltage peaks is absolutely necessary, because otherwise the crack can be formed again. This means that the residual stress must be dissipated via a local crack bridging. Since the paints are barely able to do so, as described above, special plastic films such as SIKA Icosit liquid film MS are used. These plastic films can transmit no forces, but also reliably seal the crack including the environment. In addition, for example, the liquid applied plastic films have very important properties for easy processing. You can easily on not completely dry Concrete are applied and a dew point below the application does not affect the quality of the film.

In order to be able to use foils for the insulation, they must be coated with adhesives, such as e.g. Epoxy resins are glued to the structure. For this purpose, the structure is pretreated accordingly, such as sandblasted, treated with a primer and applied a layer of adhesive. Subsequently, the film is applied so that no bubbles, wrinkles or other irregularities can occur.

In most cases, when adhering with, for example, epoxy resin, the adhesive tensile strength is sufficient to largely exclude large-scale detachments. Crack bridging of cracks from, for example, dynamic loading of less than one millimeter is also perfectly adequate in most cases.

Such a waterproofing membrane for buildings is from the DE 200 14 903 U1 known. This sealing strip has a sealing polyethylene sealing film with a self-adhesive self-adhesive layer and a release film resting thereon.

The disadvantage of this method is that only relatively small forces can be transmitted through the films. Although the adhesive adheres to the building and on the smooth surface of the films, so that just a limited force can be transmitted through the film.

Another sealant and cover material in the form of a film composite is from the DE 35 24 580 C2 known. This film has an intermediate layer which is releasable at leaks of the composite film and undergoes an increase in volume upon contact with water or air, so that leaks are self-sealed when they arise. It is easy to see that with such a film composite only the smallest hairline cracks can be sealed.

Particularly disadvantageous is the limited power transmission when gluing tear-resistant tapes, such as carbon ribbons or polyamide, so-called CFRP fins, such as SIKA CarboDur fins, or steel brackets or CFK shear angle or laminates for static reinforcement in construction.

The importance of static reinforcement of components, especially bridges, is increasing rapidly. On the one hand, the construction of new bridges is increasingly hampered by the awakening environmental awareness of the population. As a result, existing bridges have to cope with the increased volume of traffic with ever-increasing loads, for which they are sometimes not even dimensioned. On the other hand, bridges are subject to signs of aging, such as fatigue fractures, which are exacerbated by external influences and drastically reduce the structural integrity of the bridges.

This results in the need to refurbish and reinforce existing bridges made of wood, concrete or steel. This applies to a lesser extent to other structures such as tunnels, sewers, facades or the like.

The static reinforcement, that is the increase in the load capacity of structures by applying additional layers of the original material is only in exceptional cases expedient. Appropriately and therefore generally used is the bonding of high-strength tapes or fins made of, for example, steel or carbon, polyamide or laminates to the components. Since steel plates or CFRP plates can transfer very high tensile and shear forces, the low adhesion of the adhesive to the attached, smooth surfaces proves to be particularly disadvantageous.

The object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned above, on the one hand avoids the above disadvantages and on the other hand creates a simple and economical way of a high quality adhesive structure.

The object is achieved by the invention.

The inventive method is characterized in that the oscillating and / or vibrating and / or pulsating force with a mass of 1 to 40 kg, preferably 3 to 25 kg, in particular 4 to 8 kg and a frequency of 1 000 to 40 000 Hz, preferably 5,000 to 30,000 Hz. With the invention, it is now possible, especially on site, to achieve an increased increase in the adhesion of adhesives, in particular by means of cold bonding, so that a better connection is ensured for the parts to be bonded and further infiltration or emigration or penetration To prevent liquids, especially of water, in the region of the splices.

In particular, this process according to the invention has the advantage that, especially in the case of cold bonding, high-quality adhesion, in particular an exceptionally high initial adhesion, is achieved. By virtue of the method according to the invention, the air contained in the splice is quasi pressed out and a better saturation of the surfaces to be joined with the adhesion promoter occurs. A high degree of filling and a high homogeneity are also achieved. Furthermore, excellent stickiness can be achieved even in the wet-fresh state.

By the oscillating and / or vibrating and / or pulsating force with a mass of 1 to 40 kg, preferably 3 to 25 kg, in particular 4 to 8 kg and a frequency of 1,000 to 40,000 Hz, preferably 5,000 to 30,000 Hz optimal saturation and a very high degree of filling are achieved.

The invention also has the object to provide a device for carrying out the method. This object is also achieved by the invention.

The device according to the invention is characterized in that for oscillating and / or vibrating and / or pulsating force a device with a sliding shoe, a sliding plate or a wheel or roller-shaped Device is provided, wherein the oscillating and / or vibrating and / or pulsating movements generated in the device are pneumatically or hydraulically or mechanically or electrically transmitted to the shoe, the sliding plate or the wheel or roller-shaped device, wherein the oscillating and / or vibrating and / or pulsating force is a vibrator or vibrator, preferably an air vibrator or air vibrator, is provided, having a mass of 1 to 40 kg, preferably 3 to 25 kg, in particular 4 to 8 kg and having a frequency of 1,000 to 40,000 Hz , preferably 5,000 to 30,000 Hz work. With the device according to the invention, especially on site, the initial adhesion can be increased enormously, so that, as a result, optimum adhesion of the surfaces to be joined is provided.

Such devices are relatively easy to build. Above all, these devices can be designed so that they are easy to transport to any construction site. This has the particular advantage that on-site treatment of the splice can be carried out with high quality.

To transmit the oscillating or vibrating or pulsating movements generated in the device to the region of the splice, the device may have a sliding plate or a sliding shoe. However, it is also possible with a roller or a wheel. A transmission of this oscillating movement in the device can be done pneumatically or hydraulically or mechanically or electrically.

As already mentioned, a high initial adhesion and thus a homogeneous, high-quality connection are created by the oscillating or vibrating or pulsating movements.

For oscillating and / or vibrating and / or pulsating force a vibrator or vibrator, preferably an air vibrator or air vibrator, is provided which has a mass of 1 to 40 kg, preferably 3 to 25 kg, in particular 4 to 8 kg and operate at a frequency of 1,000 to 40,000 Hz, preferably 5,000 to 30,000 Hz. With such devices or devices excellent adhesive results are achieved.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing.

• die Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch eine Klebestelle, wobei eine vibrierende Bewegung über einen Gleitschuh und
• die Fig. 2 eine weitere Klebestelle, wobei eine oszillierende Bewegung über eine Walze ausgeübt wird.

Show it:

• the Fig. 1 a section through a splice, wherein a vibrating movement over a shoe and
• the Fig. 2 another splice, wherein an oscillating movement is exerted via a roller.

According to the Fig. 1 a base 1 made of concrete is shown, which has optionally been processed before the application of the adhesive, preferably for a cold bonding, to increase their surfaces. An enlargement of the surface can be achieved with depressions, in which a recessed surface is created, which is wavy in plan view and is formed in the horizontal depth regular or irregular. The irregular depressions can, similar to a mountain and valley structure, be designed with elevations and depressions. To increase the surface but this can also be provided with depressions in the form of holes, drilled holes, milled grooves in the region of the splice.

The enlargement of the base area 1 can therefore be carried out mechanically, for example by roughening, scraping, grinding, engraving, milling, drilling, hammering or the like.

With the enlargement of the base 1, a larger area is to be provided with an adhesive substance, so that a higher adhesion alone is achieved.

Of course, the base 1 is not limited to concrete. It can be made of glass, clay, ceramics, wood, metal or plastic.

A particular application for such a bond could also be a facade. In such a case, sheet or glass plates are glued to a metal or plastic grid on the surface of a building.

Another case for an application could be in tunnel linings.

On this base 1, for example, for a cold bonding, a bonding agent 2, preferably an adhesive applied. The choice of adhesive will correspond to the desired purpose or to the material conditions Take care. Due to the irregularities of the base 1, this is increased and there will be a marginal additional expenditure of adhesion promoter 2 use.

For gluing to the base 1 - a film 3 is used - in the case shown. This film 3 may be a hypalon or plastic film or a carbon laminate tape, optionally with a reinforcement of glass fibers. Of course, instead of the film 3, a prefabricated film or a film composite or a prefabricated fiber composite material, preferably made of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic, optionally with a reinforcement of glass and / or steel fibers, find use.

In order to achieve a high-quality adhesion, especially an exceptionally high initial adhesion, the areas provided with the adhesion promoter 2 on the side facing away from the adhesion promoter 2 side of the film 3 and the fiber composite material, especially immediately after their assembly for the connection , A vibrating force, preferably perpendicular to the adhesive plane - indicated by the arrow 4 - exposed to air leakage and saturation of the splice.

The oscillating and / or vibrating and / or pulsating action of force takes place with a mass of 1 to 40 kg, preferably 3 to 25 kg, in particular 4 to 8 kg and a frequency of 1,000 to 40,000 Hz, preferably 5,000 to 30,000 Hz ,

For vibrating force a device with a shoe 5 or a slide plate is used. The oscillating and / or vibrating and / or pulsating movements generated in the device are transmitted pneumatically or hydraulically or mechanically or electrically to the sliding shoe 5 or the sliding plate.

According to the Fig. 2 the base 1 is enlarged by milling grooves 6 or grooves. The base 1 is coated again with a bonding agent 2, in particular an adhesive, and the film 3 is applied.

In order to achieve again a high quality adhesion, especially an exceptionally high initial adhesion, the regions provided with the adhesion promoter 2 on the side facing away from the adhesion promoter 2 side of the film 3 and the fiber composite material, in particular immediately after their assembly for the Connection, an oscillating force, preferably perpendicular to the adhesive plane - indicated by the arrow 4 - exposed to air leakage and saturation of the splice.

The oscillating force is generated by a device with a roller-shaped device 7. The transmission of the oscillating movements is analogous to the description in FIG Fig. 1 ,

Due to the oscillating and / or vibrating and / or pulsating movements optimal adhesion of the surfaces to be joined is given. Furthermore, a high degree of filling and a high homogeneity is achieved. In addition, this can prevent infiltration or emigration by liquids, especially water, in the region of the splices.

As an alternative to a cylindrical device, a vibrator or vibrator, preferably an air vibrator or air vibrator, can be used for oscillating and / or vibrating and / or pulsating force, having a mass of 1 to 40 kg, preferably 3 to 25 kg, in particular 4 up to 8 kg and operate at a frequency of 1 000 to 40 000 Hz, preferably 5 000 to 30 000 Hz.

Claims (2)

1. Method for connecting, reinforcing or insulating at least one surface, or for connecting two fixed surfaces or structures that are movable with respect to each other, in particular in the building industry, wherein a prefabricated foil (3), foil composite or prefabricated fiber composite, preferably made of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic, where applicable with a reinforcement made of glass and/or steel fibers, is arranged in the area of connection using an adhesive (2), such as glue, mortar or gel, wherein, for cold adhesion, the areas provided with the adhesive (2) are exposed locally, directly after joining them for the connection, on the side of the foil (3) or the fiber composite facing away from the adhesive (2), to an oscillating and/or vibrating and/or pulsating force application perpendicular to the adhesion plane for air leakage and saturation of the adhesive joint, characterised in that the oscillating and/or vibrating and/or pulsating force is applied with a mass of 1 to 40 kg, preferably 3 to 25 kg, in particular 4 to 8 kg and at a frequency of 1 000 to 40 000 Hz, preferably 5 000 to 30 000 Hz.
2. Apparatus for carrying out the method in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that a device with a sliding shoe (5), a sliding plate or a wheel- or drum-shaped appliance (7) is provided for oscillating and/or vibrating and/or pulsating force application, wherein the oscillating and/or vibrating and/or pulsating movements generated in the device are transferred to the sliding shoe (5), sliding plate or wheel- or drum-shaped appliance (7) pneumatically or hydraulically or mechanically or electrically, wherein a shaker or vibrator, preferably an air shaker or air vibrator, comprising a mass of 1 to 40 kg, preferably 3 to 25 kg, in particular 4 to 8 kg and operating at a frequency of 1 000 to 40 000 Hz, preferably 5 000 to 30 000 Hz, is provided for oscillating and/or vibrating and/or pulsating force application.

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