CH688085A5 - Sealing membrane. - Google Patents

Description

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description

This application is a partial continuation application of the U.S. application filed and granted on August 17, 1992 under serial number 07/931 121, which is a new filing of the U.S. application filed and filed on March 1, 1991 under serial number 07/662 853 represented.

Technical field of the invention

The present invention relates to laminates and methods which can be used in the waterproofing or moistureproofing insulation of various water-permeable materials which are used in building construction and other civil engineering projects. In particular, the present invention relates to new water-tight membranes which consist of a carrier layer, a bitumen-like or non-bitumen-like adhesive layer, a protective coating located on this adhesive layer and a second bitumen-like or non-bitumen-like adhesive layer located on the other side of the carrier layer. Other exemplary membranes consist of a carrier layer, a bitumen-like or non-bitumen-like adhesive layer, a protective coating and a layer of finely divided particulate material adhering to the protective coating.

State of the art

Various materials used in building construction and civil engineering projects such as roads and bridges are sensitive to the ingress of water due to either their natural properties or defects such as cracks or pores. It is often desirable to reduce or eliminate water ingress using structures formed from these materials, such as e.g. with lower-lying building walls, and this can be the case with certain structures, e.g. be of critical importance for those with expensive electrical equipment or underwater tunnels in which vehicle or pedestrian traffic can pass.

In conventional waterproofing applications, the waterproofing material is subsequently applied to an existing concrete structure. I.e. a waterproofing agent is applied or laminated to preformed structures; the waterproofing agent is thus applied after the concrete has been shaped and hardened. The conventional waterproofing agents available include films of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), polyvinyl chloride films, neoprene films, bentonite plates, multi-layer asphalt systems, laminates based on coal tar and other systems based on asphalt. Asphalt-based laminates are currently preferred, with preformed, flexible sheet-like waterproofing laminates composed of one or more carrier films and one or more bitumen-like layers, e.g. in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,741,856, 3,853,682 and 3,900,102 are particularly preferred. An example of a popular commercially available membrane is the Bituthene® brand water sealing system.

In many inner-city construction projects, the concrete foundation of a structure is poured in the immediate vicinity of the foundation and / or the boundary line to the neighbor. In these cases, a permanent concrete form, usually built using wooden boards, is placed along the outside of the foundation. This is called vertical formwork or simply formwork. During formwork, it is practically impossible to attach a subsequently applied waterproof membrane to the set outside of the foundation, since the outside of the concrete is directly opposite the formwork form and therefore cannot be exposed or made accessible for the application of a waterproof membrane.

An attempt was therefore made to attach a previously applied waterproof membrane to the formwork before pouring the wet concrete. Previously applied waterproofing systems were previously limited to bentonite-based products, including panels made of Volclay, Paraseal and Claymax. These products are based on the ability of the bentonite clay to expand when exposed to water and to form a layer impermeable to the migration of water. In reality, however, the stiffness of the formwork material and structure prevents the formation of a layer of wet, blown clay with a desired density that is high enough to distinguish it as an impermeable material. The main concern is the unevenness and voids in the formwork substrate, which can prevent the formation of the impermeable clay layer.

Asphalt-based waterproofing membrane systems, which are usually preferred, have a number of serious defects when applied by placing the adhesive on the side facing away from the formwork. First, they tend to oxidize after short-term use and outdoor exposure, and they develop "sludge cracks" on the adhesive surface. The oxidized surface does not stick to the poured concrete (i.e. the concrete that is subsequently poured). Second, the exposed adhesive surface of the waterproof membrane tends to be contaminated by the elements and dust. It would therefore be desirable to have an essentially tack-free waterproof membrane that can be previously applied to a concrete mold that is resistant to chemical and physical influences during the period of normal work and outdoor exposure, and with the cast concrete structure (i.e. the Concrete structure, which is formed after the application or installation of the waterproofing membrane) can develop a strong, fully adhesive bond.

An object of the present invention is to provide a waterproof seal

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Membrane that can be applied to a concrete mold beforehand and can adhere well to the cast concrete.

Another object is to provide a waterproof membrane that can withstand chemical and physical influences when used and exposed outdoors and yet has the ability to form a strong and intimate bond with cast concrete.

Another object is to provide a highly weatherproof waterproof membrane that is essentially non-sticky to the touch.

Another object is to provide a method for the previous application of water-tight membranes, which become completely adherent to the resulting cast concrete structure.

Yet another task is to provide a new water-proof cast concrete structure.

Presentation of the invention

The invention provides a membrane with a backing layer, a first adhesive layer and a protective coating, to which cement-like materials can be poured and bonded to it during curing or setting. Exemplary membranes have a second adhesive layer on the back of the carrier, which enables adhesion to substrates and / or a layer of finely divided particulate material arranged on the protective coating. The stickiness of the adhesive layer and the protective coating is further reduced by the particulate material, so that e.g. Pedestrian traffic is enabled, but the ability to stick with poured cementitious materials is preserved.

An exemplary membrane thus consists of a carrier layer with a first and a second main surface: a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer which adheres to the first carrier main surface; a protective coating applied to the first adhesive layer, the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the protective coating acting to bond with a cementitious material that is poured onto the membrane and cured. And a second pressure-sensitive layer that adheres to the second main carrier surface, this second adhesive layer acting in such a way that the membrane can adhere to a substrate such that a cementitious material can be poured onto this first adhesive layer and this protective coating.

Another exemplary membrane consists of a carrier layer with a first and a second main surface: a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer which adheres to the first carrier main surface, a protective coating applied to the first adhesive layer, the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the protective coating acting in such a way that they act as one Make a bond with a cementitious material that is poured onto the membrane and cured. And a layer of finely divided particulate material that adheres to the protective coating and acts in such a way that a cement-like material can be poured onto this first adhesive layer and this protective coating and bonded to it during curing.

Exemplary methods of waterproofing insulation using the exemplary membranes mentioned above are also disclosed and described below.

Brief description of the drawings

1 is a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary waterproofing membrane of the present invention and

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another exemplary membrane that adheres to a horizontal concrete slab.

As shown in FIG. 1, an exemplary membrane according to the invention consists of a carrier layer 4 with a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 5 and a protective coating 6. FIG. 2 shows another exemplary membrane with a second adhesive layer 9 located on the back of the carrier layer 4 shown. The first and second adhesive layers can consist of a bitumen-like or non-bitumen-like adhesive. Preferably, the first adhesive layer 5 is not bitumen-like, as further defined below, and the second adhesive layer 9 preferably consists of a bitumen-like layer. Another exemplary membrane consists of a carrier layer 4, an adhesive layer 5, a protective coating 6 and a layer 15 of finely divided particulate material (as shown in FIG. 2).

The backing layer of the present invention can be made of a thermoplastic, rubber or metal in the form of a coherently closed film, a fabric, glass or a nonwoven. Thermoplastics particularly suitable for use in the present invention include high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), or combinations thereof. The backing layer can consist of a laminate of two or more layers.

Thermoplastic films made of HPDE, PET or PVC are preferred as supports. A carrier made of HPDE film is very particularly preferred. The carrier layer thickness is approximately 0.05 mm to approximately 0.76 mm, preferably approximately 0.4 mm.

In the preferred membranes, in particular those used outdoors, the first adhesive layer 5 consists of a non-bitumen-like or synthetic adhesive and the protective coating preferably consists of an acrylic.

Here, “synthetic adhesive” should be understood to mean non-bitumen-like or non-asphalt-like adhesives. Exemplary non-bitumen-like

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or synthetic adhesive layers of the present invention are made of butyl rubber-based adhesives, polyisobutylene-based adhesives, polyisobutyl-based adhesives, acrylic-based adhesives, vinyl ether-based adhesives, styrene-isoprene-styrene-based (SIS) adhesives, styrene-ethylene-based adhesives Butylene-styrene-based (SEBS), adhesives based on styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and their combinations. Pressure-sensitive adhesives are preferred. The synthetic adhesive is preferably a pressure-sensitive hot-melt adhesive made from a SIS, SBS or SEBS block copolymer. The synthetic pressure-sensitive hot melt adhesive is very particularly preferably based on an SIS block copolymer. A more detailed description of pressure sensitive adhesives is in the book of Satas. Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology. (Sata's Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives), Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc. (1982), which is incorporated herein by reference.

The non-bitumen-like or synthetic adhesive layer may contain characteristic additives such as light absorbers (ie carbon black, benzotriazoles, etc.), light stabilizers (ie hindered amines, benzophenones), antioxidants (ie hindered phenols), fillers (ie calcium carbonate, silica, titanium dioxide, etc.) , Plasticizers, rheology improvers and mixtures thereof. Preferred synthetic adhesive layers contain light absorbers, light stabilizers and antioxidants.

It has also been found that the adhesion to cast concrete is improved if the non-bitumen-like adhesive layer has a penetration depth of more than about 0.3 mm (150 g, 5 sec., Measured according to ASTM D 5-73, to which express reference is hereby made). 21 ° C).

The “adhesive-like” nature of the non-bitumen-like pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has the additional advantage that transverse overlaps and end overlaps of the membrane are easily formed. The preferred thickness of an exemplary non-bituminous adhesive layer of the present invention is from about 0.13 mm to about 2 mm, preferably more than about 0.5 mm.

The protective coating 6 of the present invention is said to have minimal stickiness and to protect the synthetic adhesive from dust, dirt and environmental influences (in particular sunlight). At the same time, the protective coating does not impair the ability of the membrane to form a fully adhesive, strong bond with the cast concrete and the resulting structure.

The material of the protective coating is from the group of coatings based on styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), coatings based on carboxylated SBR, coatings based on acrylic, coatings based on polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), coatings based on Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), the coatings based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), the coatings based on ethylene-ethyl acetate copolymer (EEA), the coatings based on polychloroprene, the coatings based on polyester, the coatings on Polyurethane base, the coatings based on styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), the coatings based on styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), the coatings based on styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) and combinations thereof. Acrylic-based coatings are preferred as protective coatings. Coatings based on styrene-butyl acrylate are very particularly preferred.

Protective elastomeric coatings are preferred. “Elastomer” here means an elastic polymer that has properties that are similar to those of vulcanized natural rubber, namely the ability to be stretched to at least twice its original length and to return to its original length immediately when released . Elastomeric coatings based on acrylic are preferred and elastomeric coatings based on styrene-butyl acrylate are very particularly preferred.

The protective coating can optionally contain characteristic additives such as light absorbers (ie carbon black, benzotriazoles etc.), light stabilizers (ie hindered amines, benzophenones), antioxidants (ie hindered phenols), fillers (ie calcium carbonate, silica, titanium dioxide etc.), plasticizers, rheology-improving agents and their mixtures. Preferred synthetic adhesive layers contain light stabilizers and fillers.

It was also found that the adhesion of cast concrete is greatly improved if the protective coating has a penetration depth of more than about 0.3 mm (150 g, 5 sec., Measured according to ASTM D 5-73, to which express reference is hereby made). 21 ° C). The protective coating is about 0.025 mm to about 0.5 mm, preferably about 0.08 mm thick.

The geometric configuration of the present invention consists of a backing, the synthetic or non-bitumen-like adhesive layer attached to one surface of the backing, and the protective coating attached to the exposed surface of the synthetic adhesive layer. The layers can be connected to one another in any desired manner.

The preferred embodiment of the present invention consists of the following: a 0.4 mm thick carrier film made of thermoplastic high modulus - HDPE, a 0.6 mm thick pressure-sensitive synthetic adhesive layer made of SIS block copolymer, which contains 0 to about 10% carbon black (very particularly preferably about 2% ), 0 to about 5% benzophenone and 0 to about 5% benzotriazole, and an approximately 0.07 mm thick protective coating of elastomeric styrene-butyl acrylate, which contains approximately 0 to approximately 10% titanium dioxide (very particularly preferably approximately 4%) and 0 to approximately Contains 5% hindered tertiary amine light stabilizer (HALS) (most preferably about 2%).

In contrast to conventional waterproofing laminates, which are subsequently applied to preformed concrete structures, the waterproofing membranes according to the invention can be applied to a substrate such as concrete, plaster, cement,

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Shotcrete, mortel, metal, a particle board, a gypsum board, plywood, a drainage device, a formwork form or combinations thereof can be applied beforehand. Concrete, cement, shotcrete, mortar, plaster or combinations thereof may be mentioned as cement-like materials which can subsequently be poured onto the membrane. Casting gypsum-based materials is also an option.

The membrane is attached to a substrate before the cement-like material is poured. Here, “shape” is to be understood to mean any container or any part thereof that comes into contact with the cast concrete. This also includes horizontal and vertical surfaces. In most applications, the carrier is attached to the mold by mechanically attaching the film-like membrane along the side and end edges. Adjacent layers are positioned in such a way that the mechanical fastening means completely overlap, so that a surface is created that is continuous and free of holes. In horizontal waterproofing applications, the waterproof membrane can simply be rolled out without any fasteners, but the membrane is preferably attached to the substrate. For applications with permanent form, such as vertical formwork, the carrier can also be attached to the form with adhesives.

In the case of formwork application, the method according to the invention consists in applying a laminate of a carrier and a synthetic adhesive to a mold (the side with the synthetic adhesive facing outwards). The protective cover is then painted or sprayed on. This ensures that there are fully adhesive side and end overlaps, which creates a continuous waterproofing barrier layer. It should also be pointed out that it is also possible according to the invention to apply a laminate of carrier / synthetic adhesive / protective coating in a single step. Other exemplary variations of this item are also possible.

After the cast concrete has set sufficiently, the inner shape or shapes are removed and the outer “formwork” shape can be removed if necessary. This determination of curing can be determined by the person skilled in the art on the basis of his specialist knowledge.

Here, “waterproofing” a structure is to be understood to mean that water's ability to penetrate into a structure is removed. With the present invention, waterproof structures made of materials such as e.g. Concrete are manufactured that are either naturally permeable or water-permeable due to defects such as cracks or pores. The present invention relates to a cast concrete structure which has the above-mentioned, water-tight membrane adhering to the surface of the structure and is completely or partially covered by it. With the present invention, various buildings, such as e.g. Buildings, bridges, roads and tunnels made waterproof. Building foundations are preferred.

After the concrete has set, the membrane forms an essentially fully adhesive, strong bond with the cast concrete. Liability is assumed to have reached approximately 95% of its final value after seven days (provided there is no backfill pressure). The adhesive strength measured according to the method described in ASTM D903-49, to which standard is hereby expressly referred, is at least about 1.8 N / cm (5 cm / min., 21 ° C.). It was found that this fully adherent bond (adhesion of more than 1.8 N / cm) is formed even after the protective coating surface before casting via 40 x 106 N / m W light (s 40 MJUV / m2) real-time exposure outdoors (after ASTM G7, to which express reference is hereby made) is suspended. In other words, after exposure to natural sunlight, which corresponds to an energy of up to 40 x 106 N / m, the waterproofing laminates of the present invention act in such a way that a fully adhesive bond is formed with concrete subsequently poured onto the previously applied laminates because the laminates are not subject to cracking due to the energy of sunlight. In the context of the present invention, it was discovered that the concrete does not form a bond with the cracked parts of the membrane.

Other supports, synthetic adhesives, and protective coatings having properties similar to those of the specific materials described above are contemplated as equivalent embodiments of the present invention. In addition, waterproofing layers or components that do not interfere with the present invention can also be used. Other methods leading to a watertight structure using similar waterproofing membranes are also possible.

FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary waterproof membrane 10 of the present invention, in which the carrier film 4 has a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 and § on both sides, so that the membrane 10 is attached to a cementitious substrate 12, e.g. a concrete slab that can be attached by adhesion and glued with concrete, which is poured onto the outward-facing waterproofing adhesive layer 5 and the protective cover § and tied. A release film 1_1, which may consist of silicone-coated paper or other known sliding layer materials, is preferably applied to the second adhesive layer g, so that the laminate IQ can be rolled up and brought to the installation site.

The second waterproofing adhesive layer 9, which is located on the carrier film 4, which is opposite the second adhesive layer 5 and the protective coatings S, should be sufficiently pressure-sensitive to adhere to cementitious substrates 12 such as

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e.g. Concrete, cement, mortar, brick, stone and the like to stick. The second adhesive layer 2 can consist of a bitumen-like or non-bitumen-like, waterproofing adhesive similar to the materials described above. However, since the second waterproofing adhesive layer 2 is unlikely to be exposed to sunlight and the elements, bituminous adhesives well known in the waterproofing art are preferably used.

Bitumen-like adhesives that can be used in the second adhesive layer 2 preferably consist of natural or artificial raw or regenerated rubber that has been mixed with bitumen to form a uniform mixture. The bitumen-like adhesive preferably consists of a plasticizing oil such as an aromatic oil, the weight ratio of bitumen / oil to rubber preferably being in the range from 70:30 and particularly preferably from 75:25 to 93: 7.

The second waterproofing adhesive layer 2 offers a multitude of advantages. For example, the additional step of applying a waterproofing adhesive layer to a concrete slab or concrete slab is avoided, which minimizes the labor and cost involved on site. In addition, as a further example, the use of a double-sided tape and the associated waste resulting from discarded release paper are avoided.

Exemplary membranes with two adhesive layers 5 and 2 result in new waterproofing applications. For example, the “double-sided” membranes are suitable for use in wet rooms (such as bathrooms, laundry rooms, workrooms) that have an existing floor and a subsequently applied covering (e.g. grout and tiles, with which the laminate IQ is coated after being glued to the surface) .

The exemplary “double-sided” membranes 10 are also suitable for the roof construction. For example, the laminate IQ is glued to a concrete roof surface by means of its second waterproofing adhesive layer S, and a layer of tiles is applied to the laminate IQ with mortar or other cementitious compositions.

The “double-sided” membrane IQ can also be used in the construction of bridge ceilings, whereby the second adhesive layer 2 can be glued to existing horizontal structural panels, and a concrete wing is poured onto the exemplary non-bitumen-like protective coverings 5 and g.

Exemplary membranes 10 with adhesive layers 5 and 9 on both sides are suitable for waterproofing the inner surfaces of tunnels. The tunnel bore is often covered with sprayed or poured concrete to ensure a smooth surface. Then a waterproof membrane is either smoothed or leveled directly on it

Surface or positioned on a drainage medium or other intermediate layer. Thus, further exemplary membranes according to the invention can be used in combination with known drainage devices such as those with a polymeric inner sheet and a water-permeable fabric attached to the polymeric inner sheet. A cement-like material such as concrete is then poured or sprayed onto the concave, curved inner surface of the tunnel and allowed to harden until a bond has formed between the membrane and the concrete.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary membrane IQ according to the invention, which further contains a layer 15 of finely divided particulate material. “Finely divided particulate material” means and refers to granules, particles, powder, dust or ground material. This particulate material can e.g. consist of calcium carbonate, sand, quartz sand, cement, talc, titanium dioxide, carbon black, slate dust, granite dust, clay etc. Calcium carbonate and sand are preferred. The finely divided particulate material should preferably adhere to the protective coating § as a separate layer. It is believed that the particulate layer 15 is partially embedded in the protective coating. About 0.1-1000 µm is preferred as the particle size range and about 0.2-100 µm is particularly preferred. It is believed that those skilled in the art can choose suitable particle sizes based on their expertise. The particle layer 15 should preferably be such that the stickiness on the membrane surface is further reduced, but a cement-like material can be poured onto it and glued to the underlying adhesive layer 5 and the protective coating g below.

Indeed, the exemplary use of a discrete layer of finely divided particulate material 15 of the type discussed above is considered an additional patentable feature of the present invention. From its own patent US Pat. No. 5,993,328 to Cogliano, it is known that sand and dust particles can be incorporated into a bituminous top layer as a filler. In the context of the present invention, however, it was surprisingly found that the membranes according to the invention based on a non-bitumen-like adhesive are still able to bond with poured concrete, even after the protective coating ê has been dusted with the separate coating 15 and even after the separate coating Coating 15 had been exposed to pedestrian traffic in a horizontal facility.

Further embodiments of the invention thus consist of a carrier 2, a non-bitumen-like waterproofing adhesive layer 5, a protective coating 5 arranged on the non-bitumen-like adhesive layer 5 and a layer of finely divided particulate material 15 which adheres to the protective coating ß. The membrane can on vertical cement-like substrates such as concrete walls and on horizontal surfaces such as concrete slabs, roof surfaces, streets and paths and the like.

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be installed. In vertical applications, the particulate layer 15 can make the product easier to handle and install.

In a further exemplary membrane in which a second waterproofing adhesive layer 2 is used, both the carrier layer 4 and the second adhesive layer 9 preferably extend beyond the width of the first adhesive layer 5, the protective coating g and the particulate layer 15, if used , so that the second adhesive layer of a membrane can overlap the exposed (protruding) carrier layer of an adjacent membrane on the side, so that a unitary barrier layer is formed.

A number of methods can be used to produce the exemplary water-tight membranes according to the invention. In a currently preferred method, one side of a double-sided release film (e.g. a plastic or paper coated on both sides with silicone) is coated with the protective coating g and the whole is rolled up into a roll. The side of the roll with the protective coating g can then be coated with a bitumen-like and particularly preferably a non-bitumen-like adhesive layer 5 (for example an adhesive based on styrene-isoprene-styrene) which is then laminated onto a carrier film 4 (for example a polyethylene film) and sealed a master role is rolled up. To produce a “double-sided” membrane, the master roll is unrolled, and the exposed side of the separating film is then covered with the second waterproofing layer 2. The whole is then rolled up and, when the roll is unrolled again (e.g. at the installation site), the release film is transferred from the side with the protective coating to the second adhesive layer 2.

An exemplary method for producing an exemplary membrane according to the invention consists in producing the “master roll” described above (which contains the separating film, the protective coating, the non-bitumen-like layer and the support) and then removing the separating film so that the protective coating g is exposed. Finely divided particulate material (e.g. sand or calcium carbonate powder) can then be applied directly to the protective coating g.

An exemplary method according to the invention for waterproofing insulation comprises the provision of a substrate; the provision of a pre-formed membrane of a backing having a first and a second major surface, a first pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhering to the first major carrier surface, a protective coating applied to the first adhesive layer, the first pressure sensitive adhesive layer and the protective coating acting to act as one Bond with a cementitious material that is poured onto the membrane and cured; and a second pressure-sensitive layer adhered to the second main carrier surface, said second adhesive layer acting so that the membrane can adhere to a substrate such that a cementitious material can be poured onto this first adhesive layer and protective coating; Adhesion of the second adhesive layer of the membrane to the substrate and pouring a cement-like material onto the adhering membrane, the cement-like material sticking to the first adhesive layer and the protective coating when setting.

Another exemplary method includes providing a substrate; the provision of a preformed membrane comprising a backing layer having first and second major surfaces, a first pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhering to the first major carrier surface, a protective coating applied to the first adhesive layer, and a layer of finely divided particulate material adhering to the protective layer, wherein the first adhesive layer, the protective coating and the particulate layer act in such a way that a cement-like material can be poured onto the membrane and can be glued to it after setting; and arranging the carrier layer of the membrane on the substrate and pouring a cement-like material onto the membrane, the cement-like material adhering to the particulate layer, the protective coating and the first adhesive layer during setting.

In a further exemplary method according to the invention, a membrane with a carrier layer 4, a first adhesive layer 5, a protective coating g and a particulate layer 15 is used in known clay swelling systems. See e.g. GB 2 252 988 A published on August 26, 1992. For example, the membrane is e.g. laid loosely over a substrate, which can consist of wooden boards, under which containers with a flexible wall are attached. A cement-like surface like concrete is poured onto the membrane. After hardening, the concrete is sealed from below by the membrane on which it was poured. After a certain period of time, the flexible walled containers collapse and the membrane remains essentially completely glued to the underside of the concrete.

In further exemplary embodiments according to the invention, which are based on the methods just described, the substrate and the aforementioned poured cement-like material in connection with said membrane form a uniform structure after its setting, this uniform structure comprising a floor, an inner tunnel wall, a foundation wall, a Ceiling, ke roof surface or a bridge ceiling can represent.

The following examples are specific illustrations of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention described above and claimed below.

example 1

Manufacture of a waterproof membrane and test procedure

A waterproof membrane-like membrane is produced using a 0.5 mm thick HDPE carrier film on one side

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is coated with a 0.75 mm thick layer of a pressure-sensitive hot-melt adhesive based on SIS of the type HM-1597 (H.B. Füller, Vadnais Heights, MN) with a penetration depth of approximately 12 mm. A styrene-butyl acrylate latex of the Ucar-123 type (Union Carbide, Cary, NC) is applied to the adhesive side of the film membrane with a penetration depth of approximately 5 mm and a thickness of approximately 0.125 mm. Concrete is poured onto the protective coating of the waterproof membrane composite after the protective coating surface has been exposed to up to 40 x 106 N / m W light (= 40 MJUV / m2) under real-time weather conditions on a 34 ° south-facing wall in Phoenix, Arizona was (ASTM G7). The adhesion is at a constant rate of deformation of 5 cm / min. measured at 21 ° C with a tensile testing machine from Instron (model 100) according to ASTM D903-49. Before the test, the concrete is allowed to harden at room temperature for at least 7 days.

Example 2

Adhesion of the waterproof membrane to cast concrete

Non-weathered samples of the waterproof membrane described in Example 1 develop excellent adhesion to cast concrete of more than 8 N / cm. The adhesion of samples that have been exposed to the weather during a normal working time or have been exposed shows a steep decrease with increasing exposure time and is approximately 0 N / cm after irradiation with approximately 10 x 106 N / m (s 10 MJUV / m2 ). The liability remains at around 0 N / cm for all exposure times with more than 10 x 106 N / m.

Example 3

Effect of adding light absorbers to the adhesive

A polybutylene oil dispersion with 20 weight percent carbon black was added to the adhesive of the laminate described in Example 1. The resulting HL2232-X adhesive (H.B. filler), which has a penetration depth of approximately 20.5 mm, has a soot content of approximately 2 percent by weight. A styrene-butyl acrylate latex of the Ucar-123 type (Union Carbide) is applied to the adhesive side of the film membrane laminate (HL2232-X adhesive) in a thickness of approximately 0 125 mm. Adhesion is measured after exposure to the weather as described in Example 1 for a normal working time. Unexposed samples develop excellent adhesion to the cast concrete of more than 8 N / cm. Adhesion to the concrete decreases with increasing exposure time and is approximately 0.9 N / cm after 40 x 106 N / m UV light (= 40 MUW / m2).

Example 4

The effect of adding light stabilizers and light absorbers to the protective coating

A protective coating formulation was made by mixing a 32 weight percent aqueous WD-2345 carbon black dispersion (Daniel Products, Jersey City, NJ), a Tinuvin 292 hindered amine light stabilizer (Ciba Geigy, Hawthorne, NY), a benzotriazole light absorber of the type Tinuvin 1130 (Ciba Geigy) and a latex based on styrene butyl acrylate of the type Ucar-123 (Union Carbide) under high shear stress. The resulting formulation has a penetration depth of about 5.5 mm and consists of 5% soot, 2.5% Tinuvin 1130, 5% Tinuvin 292 and 87.5% Ucar-123, each based on solids. The formulated protective coating was applied in a 0.125 mm layer to the water-sealing film membrane laminate (type HM-1597 adhesive) described in Example 1. Samples not exposed to the weather develop excellent adhesion to the cast concrete of more than 6.3 N / cm. Adhesion to the set concrete decreases with increasing exposure time and is approximately 0.9 N / cm after 40 x 10® N / m W light (= 40 MJUV / m2).

Example 5

The effect of adding light stabilizers and light absorbers to the adhesive and protective coating

The formulation (HL2232-X) described in Example 3 and the coating formulation described in Example 4 are used in the water-sealing film membrane laminate described in Example 1. Samples not exposed to the weather develop an excellent adhesion to the cast concrete of more than 8.1 N / cm. Adhesion to the set concrete remains relatively constant at around 6.3 N / cm up to 20 x 10 «N / m UV light (= 20 MUV / m2). The adhesion of samples that were exposed to 40 x 106 N / m UV light (= 40 MUV / m2) outdoors does not drop below 2.7 N / cm. The membrane adheres completely to the entire surface between the membrane system and the set concrete, creating an effective water-tight barrier.

Claims (1)

Claims 1. Laminate membrane comprising: a backing layer having first and second major surfaces, a first pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhering to the first major carrier surface, a protective coating applied to the first adhesive layer, the first pressure sensitive adhesive layer and the protective covering cooperating to bond with a cementitious material which is poured onto the membrane and cured, and a second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, which on the 5 10th 15 20th 25th 30th 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 8th 15 CH 688 085 A5 16 adheres to the second main carrier surface in order to ensure that the membrane can be adhesively applied to a substrate in such a way that a cement-like material can be poured onto this first adhesive layer and this protective coating. 2. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the carrier layer comprises a coherent, closed film, foil, fabric or nonwoven material made of thermoplastic, rubber, glass or metal. 3. The membrane of claim 2, wherein the first adhesive layer comprises a bitumen-like or non-bitumen-like adhesive. 4. The membrane of claim 3, wherein the first adhesive layer comprises a non-bitumen-like adhesive and the second adhesive layer comprises a bitumen-like or non-bitumen-like adhesive. 5. The membrane of claim 4, wherein the first adhesive layer comprises a non-bitumen-like adhesive and the second adhesive layer comprises a bitumen-like adhesive. 6. The membrane of claim 1, further comprising a layer of finely divided particulate material disposed on the protective coating to cause a cementitious material to be poured onto the first support surface and to be bonded to the first adhesive layer and the protective coating during curing. 7. The membrane of claim 6, wherein the finely divided particulate material comprises granules, particles, powder, dust or ground material. 8. The membrane of claim 7, wherein the finely divided particulate material comprises calcium carbonate, cement, talc, sand, granite dust, slate dust, clay, titanium dioxide, carbon black or combinations thereof. 9. The membrane of claim 1, which adheres to a substrate by means of the second adhesive layer. 10. Membrane according to claim 9, which adheres to substrates such as concrete, plaster, cement, shotcrete, mortar, metal, a particle board, a plasterboard, plywood, a drainage device, a formwork form or combinations thereof. 11. The membrane of claim 1, wherein this carrier layer comprises a laminate of at least two layers. 12. A method of waterproofing insulation comprising the following steps: Provision of a substrate, Providing a preformed membrane of a backing having a first and a second major surface, a first pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhering to the first major carrier surface, a protective coating applied to the first adhesive layer, the first pressure sensitive adhesive layer and the protective coating cooperating to bond with a enter cement-like material that is poured onto the membrane and cured; and a second pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhering to the second main carrier surface to cause the second adhesive layer to cause the membrane to adhere to a substrate such that a cementitious material can be poured onto this first adhesive layer and protective coating, applying the membrane by means of the second adhesive layer on the substrate, and pouring a cement-like material onto the adhesive membrane, the cement-like material adhering to the first adhesive layer and the protective coating when setting. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the cementitious material comprises concrete, plaster, cement, shotcrete, mortar or combinations thereof. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the membrane further comprises a layer of finely divided particulate material which is glued to the protective coating. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the substrate and the cast cement-like material in combination with the membrane form a unit-forming structure when the cement-like material sets, the unit-forming structure comprising a floor, an inner tunnel wall, a foundation wall, a ceiling, may include a roof surface or a bridge deck. 16. membrane comprising: a backing layer having first and second major surfaces, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhering to the first major carrier surface, a protective coating applied to the adhesive layer, the pressure sensitive adhesive layer and the protective coating cooperating to bond with a cementitious material attached to the membrane is poured and cured, and a layer of finely divided particulate material that adheres to the protective layer to cause a cementitious material to be poured onto and bonded to the adhesive layer and protective coating as it sets. 17. The membrane of claim 16, wherein the carrier layer comprises a coherent, closed film, foil, fabric or nonwoven material made of thermoplastic, rubber, glass or metal. 18. The membrane of claim 17, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a bitumen-like or non-bitumen-like adhesive. 19. The membrane of claim 18, wherein the finely divided particulate material comprises granules, particles, powder, dust or ground material. 20. The membrane of claim 19, wherein the finely divided particulate material comprises calcium carbonate, cement, talc, sand, granite dust, slate dust, clay, titanium dioxide, carbon black or combinations thereof. 21. The membrane of claim 16, wherein the carrier layer comprises a thermoplastic film, the protective coating comprises an acrylic-based material and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer comprises a non-bituminous material, and wherein the finely divided particulate material has a particle size of 0.1 to 1000 µm. 22. A method of waterproofing insulation comprising the following steps: Provision of a substrate, Providing a pre-formed membrane comprising a carrier layer with a first and a second main surface, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer which adheres to the first carrier main surface, 5 10th 15 20th 25th 30th 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 9 17th CH 688 085 A5 a protective coating applied to the adhesive layer and a layer of finely divided particulate material adhering to the protective coating, the adhesive layer, the protective coating and the particulate layer cooperating to adhere to the membrane after pouring a cementitious material upon curing, and arranging the carrier layer of the membrane on the substrate, and pouring a cement-like material onto the adhering membrane, the cement-like material sticking to the particulate layer, the protective coating and the adhesive layer when setting. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the membrane is arranged on a substrate comprising wood, plywood, particle board, concrete, cement, earth, a drainage device, metal, plaster, mortar, shotcrete, gypsum, a formwork form or combinations thereof. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the membrane is placed on a horizontal surface. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising the steps of: Go on the layer of finely divided particulate material and then pour a cement-like material onto the layer of particulate material, whereby the cement-like layer sticks to the underlying protective coating and adhesive layers after hardening. 5 10th 15 20th 25th 30th 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 10th